WO2007003290A2 - Bioreactors with floating carriers - Google Patents

Bioreactors with floating carriers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007003290A2
WO2007003290A2 PCT/EP2006/006113 EP2006006113W WO2007003290A2 WO 2007003290 A2 WO2007003290 A2 WO 2007003290A2 EP 2006006113 W EP2006006113 W EP 2006006113W WO 2007003290 A2 WO2007003290 A2 WO 2007003290A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dimensional elements
water
treatment
bioreactor
water according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/006113
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2007003290A3 (en
Inventor
Henk Jenner
Bert Meijering
Frans Van Vliet
Original Assignee
Colbond B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Colbond B.V. filed Critical Colbond B.V.
Publication of WO2007003290A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007003290A2/en
Publication of WO2007003290A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007003290A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/103—Textile-type packing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to bioreactor for the treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms and a process for the biological treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms.
  • Carriers for microorganisms, support structures or surfaces on which microorganisms can grow on to build a biofilm are often used in biological water treatment.
  • US 4,957,868 discloses cylindrical hollow carriers for microorganisms made of a nonwoven fabric. These carriers are packed in a bioreactor and used for the biological treatment of water.
  • the carriers may be used for fixed bed reactors, fluidised bed reactors or floating bed reactors. Therefore a closed water tank is packed with the carriers.
  • the raw water or sewage water is pumped into the reactor together with air or a oxygen containing gas that enters the reactor via a venting tube.
  • the treated water leaves the tank via a tube on top of the tank.
  • FR 2 639 342 discloses a support structure for the adhesion of microorganisms and a reactor containing these support structures for the treatment of water.
  • a mat made of synthetic fibers in which the fibers intersect and are connected at their intersection points can be used as a support structure .
  • the mats can be rolled up and thus easily match the inside of a cylindrical reactor.
  • JP5253588 discloses floating members for the purification of water.
  • the floating members are made of a fibrous material and they provide a surface on which bacteria can grow.
  • the floating members can be used in a lake, pond or a septic tank.
  • the fibrous material which floats underwater will drift with the flow of the water.
  • the water will permeate the interior of the floating member due to motion of the fibrous material in the flow of the water.
  • JP5253588 discloses a very simple means of water treatment that can easily be installed in lakes, ponds, septic tanks or basins.
  • the water to be treated reaches the interior of the floating member by motion of the fibrous material in the flow of the water.
  • a rather low flow velocity thus leads to a undersupply of the microorganisms in the center of the floating member in nutrients and oxygen.
  • a bioreactor for treatment of water comprising a water basin with an inlet and an outlet and one or more three dimensional elements as carrier for microorganisms characterised in that the inlet is located above the basin, that the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water in the basin, that the three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and passes through the elements into the basin.
  • the term inlet as used herein is understood as any means to feed a volume flow into the water basin of the reactor.
  • the cross section of the inlet may be as big as the cross section of the basin.
  • the bioreactor for the treatment of water comprises three dimensional elements with side walls surrounding the elements in horizontal direction.
  • the side walls are made of a polymeric material. More preferably the side walls are made of a synthetic polymeric material.
  • the side walls should be essentially impermeable for fluids. This is to ensure that the raw water does not leave the three dimensional elements prematurely and the contact time of the water with the microorganisms would then be reduced.
  • the three dimensional elements partially stick out of the water.
  • the side walls surrounding the three dimensional elements may stick out of the water. In this case the side walls surmount the three dimensional elements in horizontal direction.
  • the three dimensional elements of the bioreactor for treatment of water comprise a fibrous material as carrier for microorganisms.
  • the fibrous material increases the surface area for the microorganisms. Said surface area of the carrier is an important factor. The larger the surface area, the larger is the concentration of microorganisms adhered to the carrier.
  • the three dimensional elements comprise a fibrous material made of synthetic fibers wherein the synthetic fibers of the fibrous material intersect and are joined together at their intersection points.
  • the synthetic fibers of the fibrous material of the three dimensional elements preferably have a thickness from 0,1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the Bioreactor for treatment of water according to the invention may also comprise the three dimensional elements that are cylindrical in shape. Preferably the middle axis of these cylinders is substantially in vertical position.
  • the invention also encompasses a bioreactor for treatment of water characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material at least one of the plies having a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,25mm to 5mm, the other having a ratio of spaces to material from 50% to 95% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,1mm to 1mm.
  • the invention encompasses a bioreactor for treatment of water characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material having a ratio of spaces to material from 50% to 95% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,1mm to 1mm and additionally structured plates or strips of a polymeric material, preferably a synthetic polymeric material.
  • a spacer may be fibrous material having a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness from 0,25mm to 5mm.
  • a spacer may also be a structured plate or strip e.g.
  • the plurality of alternating plies of the three dimensional elements may be arranged around a centre ply in shape of a round bar.
  • the remaining plies of the plurality of alternating plies are cylindrical in shape and arranged around the centre ply.
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder around the centre ply matches the outer diameter of the centre ply in shape of a round bar.
  • the inner diameter of the following cylinder matches the outer diameter of the first cylinder and the following plies match each other accordingly.
  • the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material, at least one with a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness from 0,25mm to 5mm the other with a ratio of spaces to material from 50% to 95% and a fiber thickness from 0,1 mm to 1mm with the plies rolled up together in cylindrical shape.
  • a material with a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness from 0,25mm to 5mm is sold under the name Enkamat® by Colbond b.v., Arnhem, The Netherlands.
  • the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material and structured plates or strips of a polymeric material rolled up together in cylindrical shape.
  • the three dimensional elements comprise polymeric material with a density below the density of the water to be treated. It is also possible to use synthetic polymeric materials and/or synthetic fibers with a foarn structure or side walls with a foam structure. As an alternative or in addition a collar with a density below the density of water or a collar of a foamed synthetic material could be attached around the three dimensional elements.
  • the bioreactor for treatment of water is located in the lower part of a cooling tower underneath the fill.
  • a basin as well as an inlet for the basin located above the basin would already be available. It would thus only be necessary to put the three dimensional floating elements into the water collecting basin of the cooling tower.
  • the water flowing through the cooling tower collects an organic load.
  • the organic load is collected when the water runs through the fill of the cooling tower while ambient air is blown through the fill to increase evaporation of the cooling water und thus enhance the cooling effect.
  • This water not only carries an organic load, it also is very oxygen rich.
  • the oxygen rich water enters the three dimensional elements and flows along the carrier surface with the microorganisms on it. The microorganisms are thus supplied with nutrients and oxygen.
  • the microorganisms metabolise the organic load and the organic load is therefore reduced. This can be measured as a reduction in Total Organic Carbon (TOC).
  • TOC Total Organic Carbon
  • a major problem that occurs on the heat exchanger surfaces of the cooling towers is a biofilm formation. This biofilm reduces the heat exchange and leads to biocorrosion.
  • the reduction of the cooling water's organic load is currently achieved by chemical oxidation with hypochlorite or peroxides or by biological treatment in a side loop using a stirred tank reactor or a fixed bed reactor.
  • the invention also pertains to a process for the biological treatment of water comprising a water basin with an inlet located above the basin and an outlet, one or more three dimensional elements, the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water characterised in that the three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow fed from above enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and passes through the three dimensional elements into the basin.
  • the process for the biological treatment of water is characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise two or more plies of a fibrous material with different ratio of spaces to material and that the water flows substantially parallel along the plies of the three dimensional element.
  • the process for the biological treatment of water is characterised in that the process is suitable for the treatment of large volume flows ranging from 10 2 to 10 8 m 3 /h. Most preferably the process for the biological treatment of water is used for the treatment of circulation water from cooling towers.

Abstract

The invention pertains to a bioreactor for the treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms and a process for the biological treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms. The bioreactor for treatment of water comprises a water basin with an inlet and an outlet and one or more three dimensional elements as carrier for microorganisms. The water basin inlet is located above the basin and the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water in the basin. The three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and the inlet volume flow passes through the elements into the basin. The bioreactor for the treatment of water is particularly suitably for the treatment of circulation water from cooling towers.

Description

Floating Bioreactors
Description:
The invention pertains to bioreactor for the treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms and a process for the biological treatment of water using carriers for microorganisms.
Carriers for microorganisms, support structures or surfaces on which microorganisms can grow on to build a biofilm are often used in biological water treatment.
US 4,957,868 discloses cylindrical hollow carriers for microorganisms made of a nonwoven fabric. These carriers are packed in a bioreactor and used for the biological treatment of water. The carriers may be used for fixed bed reactors, fluidised bed reactors or floating bed reactors. Therefore a closed water tank is packed with the carriers. The raw water or sewage water is pumped into the reactor together with air or a oxygen containing gas that enters the reactor via a venting tube. The treated water leaves the tank via a tube on top of the tank.
FR 2 639 342 discloses a support structure for the adhesion of microorganisms and a reactor containing these support structures for the treatment of water. A mat made of synthetic fibers in which the fibers intersect and are connected at their intersection points can be used as a support structure . The mats can be rolled up and thus easily match the inside of a cylindrical reactor.
The reactors filled with carriers described in US 4,957,868 as well as in FR 2 639 342 have in common that the raw water has to be fed into the reactor by means of a pump. Backfitting of existing treatment plants or a sewage basin with such reactors thus involves a considerable technical effort as the existing facilities can not be integrated in these reactors. As a consequence the water is treated in a side loop comprising the reactor filled with carriers and a pump to circulate the water.
JP5253588 discloses floating members for the purification of water. The floating members are made of a fibrous material and they provide a surface on which bacteria can grow. The floating members can be used in a lake, pond or a septic tank. The fibrous material which floats underwater will drift with the flow of the water. The water will permeate the interior of the floating member due to motion of the fibrous material in the flow of the water.
JP5253588 discloses a very simple means of water treatment that can easily be installed in lakes, ponds, septic tanks or basins. The water to be treated reaches the interior of the floating member by motion of the fibrous material in the flow of the water. A rather low flow velocity thus leads to a undersupply of the microorganisms in the center of the floating member in nutrients and oxygen.
It is an object of the present invention to provide another alternative in the biological treatment of water and to at least reduce the disadvantages of the prior art.
This object is achieved by a bioreactor for treatment of water comprising a water basin with an inlet and an outlet and one or more three dimensional elements as carrier for microorganisms characterised in that the inlet is located above the basin, that the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water in the basin, that the three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and passes through the elements into the basin. The term inlet as used herein is understood as any means to feed a volume flow into the water basin of the reactor. The cross section of the inlet may be as big as the cross section of the basin.
Existing facilities can be easiliy modified to a bioreactor according to the invention. Depending on the organic load and volume flow that has to be treated an adequate number of three dimensional elements according to the invention is put into a water basin as carrier for microorganisms. A scale up can simpiy be carried out by increasing the number of three dimensional elements.
It is preferred that the bioreactor for the treatment of water comprises three dimensional elements with side walls surrounding the elements in horizontal direction. It is also preferred that the side walls are made of a polymeric material. More preferably the side walls are made of a synthetic polymeric material. The side walls should be essentially impermeable for fluids. This is to ensure that the raw water does not leave the three dimensional elements prematurely and the contact time of the water with the microorganisms would then be reduced. In order to avoid that the water in the basin enters the three dimensional element from above it is preferred that the three dimensional elements partially stick out of the water. Alternatively the side walls surrounding the three dimensional elements may stick out of the water. In this case the side walls surmount the three dimensional elements in horizontal direction.
It is also preferred that the three dimensional elements of the bioreactor for treatment of water comprise a fibrous material as carrier for microorganisms. The fibrous material increases the surface area for the microorganisms. Said surface area of the carrier is an important factor. The larger the surface area, the larger is the concentration of microorganisms adhered to the carrier.
In another embodiment the three dimensional elements comprise a fibrous material made of synthetic fibers wherein the synthetic fibers of the fibrous material intersect and are joined together at their intersection points. The synthetic fibers of the fibrous material of the three dimensional elements preferably have a thickness from 0,1 mm to 5 mm.
The Bioreactor for treatment of water according to the invention may also comprise the three dimensional elements that are cylindrical in shape. Preferably the middle axis of these cylinders is substantially in vertical position.
The invention also encompasses a bioreactor for treatment of water characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material at least one of the plies having a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,25mm to 5mm, the other having a ratio of spaces to material from 50% to 95% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,1mm to 1mm.
Further the invention encompasses a bioreactor for treatment of water characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material having a ratio of spaces to material from 50% to 95% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,1mm to 1mm and additionally structured plates or strips of a polymeric material, preferably a synthetic polymeric material.
There are limits to increasing the surface area of the three dimensional elements. Since the raw water is not pumped through the elements but slowly flows through the floating three dimensional elements it is necessary to provide a spacer between the plies of fibrous material in order to allow water flow along the fibrous material. The water then flows through channels essentially in vertical direction. This can be achieved by alternating plies one ply primarily as carrier for microorganisms the other ply primarily as spacer between those plies that are the carriers. A spacer may be fibrous material having a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness from 0,25mm to 5mm. A spacer may also be a structured plate or strip e.g. a corrugated plate or strip with corrugations as they are known in the art or a cuspated plate or strip. The plurality of alternating plies of the three dimensional elements may be arranged around a centre ply in shape of a round bar. The remaining plies of the plurality of alternating plies are cylindrical in shape and arranged around the centre ply. The inner diameter of the cylinder around the centre ply matches the outer diameter of the centre ply in shape of a round bar. The inner diameter of the following cylinder matches the outer diameter of the first cylinder and the following plies match each other accordingly.
More preferably the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material, at least one with a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness from 0,25mm to 5mm the other with a ratio of spaces to material from 50% to 95% and a fiber thickness from 0,1 mm to 1mm with the plies rolled up together in cylindrical shape. A material with a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness from 0,25mm to 5mm is sold under the name Enkamat® by Colbond b.v., Arnhem, The Netherlands.
In another preferred embodiment the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material and structured plates or strips of a polymeric material rolled up together in cylindrical shape.
In order to ensure that the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water it is preferred that the three dimensional elements comprise polymeric material with a density below the density of the water to be treated. It is also possible to use synthetic polymeric materials and/or synthetic fibers with a foarn structure or side walls with a foam structure. As an alternative or in addition a collar with a density below the density of water or a collar of a foamed synthetic material could be attached around the three dimensional elements.
In a most preferred embodiment the bioreactor for treatment of water is located in the lower part of a cooling tower underneath the fill. In this case a basin as well as an inlet for the basin located above the basin would already be available. It would thus only be necessary to put the three dimensional floating elements into the water collecting basin of the cooling tower. The water flowing through the cooling tower collects an organic load. The organic load is collected when the water runs through the fill of the cooling tower while ambient air is blown through the fill to increase evaporation of the cooling water und thus enhance the cooling effect. This water not only carries an organic load, it also is very oxygen rich. The oxygen rich water enters the three dimensional elements and flows along the carrier surface with the microorganisms on it. The microorganisms are thus supplied with nutrients and oxygen. The microorganisms metabolise the organic load and the organic load is therefore reduced. This can be measured as a reduction in Total Organic Carbon (TOC). A major problem that occurs on the heat exchanger surfaces of the cooling towers is a biofilm formation. This biofilm reduces the heat exchange and leads to biocorrosion. The reduction of the cooling water's organic load is currently achieved by chemical oxidation with hypochlorite or peroxides or by biological treatment in a side loop using a stirred tank reactor or a fixed bed reactor.
The invention also pertains to a process for the biological treatment of water comprising a water basin with an inlet located above the basin and an outlet, one or more three dimensional elements, the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water characterised in that the three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow fed from above enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and passes through the three dimensional elements into the basin.
Preferably the process for the biological treatment of water is characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise two or more plies of a fibrous material with different ratio of spaces to material and that the water flows substantially parallel along the plies of the three dimensional element.
More preferably the process for the biological treatment of water is characterised in that the process is suitable for the treatment of large volume flows ranging from 102 to 108 m3/h. Most preferably the process for the biological treatment of water is used for the treatment of circulation water from cooling towers.

Claims

Floating BioreactorsClaims:
1. Bioreactor for treatment of water comprising a water basin with an inlet and an outlet and one or more three dimensional elements as carrier for microorganisms characterised in that the inlet is located above the basin, that the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water in the basin, that the three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and passes through the three dimensional elements into the basin.
2. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to claim 1 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise side walls made of a polymeric material essentially impermeable for fluids.
3. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a fibrous material as carrier for microorganisms.
4. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to any of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a fibrous material made of synthetic fibers as carrier for microorganisms, that the synthetic fibers of the fibrous material intersect and are joined together at their intersection points.
5. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to claim 4 characterised in that the synthetic fibers of the fibrous material have a thickness from 0,1mm to 5 mm
6. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the three dimensional elements are cylindrical in shape.
7. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to claim 6 characterised in that the middle axis of the cylinder is substantially in vertical position.
8. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to any of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material at least one of the plies having a ratio of spaces to material from 80% to 99% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,25mm to 5mm, the other having a ratio of spaces to material from 50% to 95% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,1mm to 1mm.
9. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to any of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material having a ratio of spaces to material from 50 to 95% and a fiber thickness in the fibrous material from 0,1mm to 1mm and additionally structured plates or strips of a polymeric material.
10. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to claim 8 or 9 characterised in that the plurality of alternating plies of the three dimensional elements are arranged around a centre ply in shape of a round bar and the remaining plies of the plurality of alternating plies are cylindrical in shape and arranged around the centre ply.
11. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to claim 8 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material rolled up together in cylindrical shape.
12. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to claim 9 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a plurality of alternating plies of a fibrous material and structured plates or strips of a polymeric material rolled up together in cylindrical shape.
13. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to any of claims 1 to 12 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise a polymeric material with a density below the density of the water to be treated.
14. Bioreactor for treatment of water according to any of claims 1 - 13 characterised in that the three dimensional elements are located in the water basin underneath the fill of a cooling tower.
15. Process for the biological treatment of water comprising a water basin with an inlet located above the basin and an outlet, one or more three dimensional elements, the three dimensional elements float on the surface of the water characterised in that the three dimensional elements are so positioned that at least part of the inlet volume flow fed from above enters the three dimensional elements on top of the three dimensional elements and passes through the three dimensional elements into the basin .
16. Process for the biological treatment of water according to claim 1 1 characterised in that the three dimensional elements comprise two or more plies of a fibrous material with different ratio of spaces to material and the water flows substantially parallel along the plies of the three dimensional element.
17. Process for the biological treatment of water according to claim 1 1 or 12 characterised in that the process is suitable for the treatment of large volume flows ranging from 102 to 108 m3/h.
18. Process for the biological treatment of water according to any of claims 11 to 13 characterised in that the water to be treated is circulation water from cooling towers.
PCT/EP2006/006113 2005-07-02 2006-06-24 Bioreactors with floating carriers WO2007003290A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05014422.9 2005-07-02
EP05014422 2005-07-02

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WO2007003290A2 true WO2007003290A2 (en) 2007-01-11
WO2007003290A3 WO2007003290A3 (en) 2007-04-19

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011045071A3 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-06-30 Dat Dynamic Aquabion Tower Gmbh Cooling system comprising a bio-filter and method for operating said system
KR101138762B1 (en) 2009-11-05 2012-04-25 삼성중공업 주식회사 Hydrogen generating apparatus in a ship
EP2615067A2 (en) * 2010-10-15 2013-07-17 SNU R & DB Foundation Container in which biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms are immobilized, and water treatment apparatus using membrane using same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184946A (en) * 1976-06-11 1980-01-22 Masashi Kato Sewage treatment with nested short tube contact media
EP0731062A2 (en) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-11 Mass Transfer International Ltd. Packing elements
WO2005005326A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2005-01-20 Georg Fritzmeier Gmbh & Co. Kg Bioreactor

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Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184946A (en) * 1976-06-11 1980-01-22 Masashi Kato Sewage treatment with nested short tube contact media
EP0731062A2 (en) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-11 Mass Transfer International Ltd. Packing elements
WO2005005326A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2005-01-20 Georg Fritzmeier Gmbh & Co. Kg Bioreactor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 14, 22 December 1999 (1999-12-22) -& JP 11 262786 A (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY), 28 September 1999 (1999-09-28) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011045071A3 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-06-30 Dat Dynamic Aquabion Tower Gmbh Cooling system comprising a bio-filter and method for operating said system
KR101138762B1 (en) 2009-11-05 2012-04-25 삼성중공업 주식회사 Hydrogen generating apparatus in a ship
EP2615067A2 (en) * 2010-10-15 2013-07-17 SNU R & DB Foundation Container in which biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms are immobilized, and water treatment apparatus using membrane using same
EP2615067A4 (en) * 2010-10-15 2014-04-02 Snu R&Db Foundation Container in which biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms are immobilized, and water treatment apparatus using membrane using same

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