WO2005062735A2 - Manufacturing method for increasing thermal and electrical conductivities of polymers - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for increasing thermal and electrical conductivities of polymers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005062735A2 WO2005062735A2 PCT/US2003/038846 US0338846W WO2005062735A2 WO 2005062735 A2 WO2005062735 A2 WO 2005062735A2 US 0338846 W US0338846 W US 0338846W WO 2005062735 A2 WO2005062735 A2 WO 2005062735A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- layered
- filler
- shape memory
- memory polymer
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229920000431 shape-memory polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012762 magnetic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010512 thermal transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001283 Polyalkylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001291 polyvinyl halide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001305 Poly(isodecyl(meth)acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZTMYIGKWQQJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O.CCCCOC(=O)C=C FZTMYIGKWQQJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006147 copolyamide elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001308 poly(aminoacid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000212 poly(isobutyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000205 poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000196 poly(lauryl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000184 poly(octadecyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000129 polyhexylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000197 polyisopropyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000182 polyphenyl methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
- B29C48/307—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/001—Shaping in several steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
- B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/49—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using two or more extruders to feed one die or nozzle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2031/00—Use of polyvinylesters or derivatives thereof as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
- B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0005—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0008—Magnetic or paramagnetic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
- B29K2995/0013—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/727—Fastening elements
- B29L2031/729—Hook and loop-type fasteners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24008—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including fastener for attaching to external surface
- Y10T428/24017—Hook or barb
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a method for increasing thermal and/or electrical conductivity of polymers through a multi-layering process, and more specifically for increasing thermal and/or electrical conductivity of shape memory polymers.
- Shape memory polymers are known in the art and generally refer to a group of polymeric materials that demonstrate the ability to return to some previously defined shape when subjected to an appropriate thermal stimulus. Shape memory polymers are capable of undergoing phase transitions in which their shape orientation is altered as a function of temperature. Generally, SMP have two main segments, a hard segment and a soft segment. The previously defined or permanent shape can be set by melting or processing the polymer at a temperature higher than the highest thermal transition followed by cooling below that thermal transition temperature. The highest thermal transition is usually the glass transition temperature (Tg) or melting point of the hard segment.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- a temporary shape can be set by heating the material to a temperature higher than the Tg or the transition temperature of the soft segment, but lower than the Tg or melting point of the hard segment.
- the temporary shape is set while processing the material at the transition temperature of the soft segment followed by cooling to fix the shape.
- the material can be reverted back to the permanent shape by heating the material above the transition temperature of the soft segment.
- Shape recovery can be set at any temperature between -63 °C and 120°C or above.
- the conductive fillers may be paniculate or fibrous, and may be made from a variety of materials such as metals, metal alloys, and conductive carbon black. Generally, unfilled polymers are electrical and thermal insulators. By adding conductive fillers, heat dissipation can be improved by increasing the thermal conductivity of the blend. Addition of electrically conductive fillers allows conducting paths through the polymer blend, thereby lowering the resistivity of the polymer.
- Microlayer extrusion to form multilayered components is known.
- WO 01/21688 to Pulford et al. generally discloses the use of a duplex extruder with multilayering dies to produce a multilayered rubber component.
- Figure 1 is a schematic of a duplex extruder equipped with micro- layering die inserts
- Figure 2 is a schematic of a ⁇ close-up of the micro-layering die inserts and the multi-layered polymer system
- Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of the releasable fastening system of Figure 1, wherein the releasable fastening system is engaged;
- Figure 4 is a cross sectional view of the releasable fastening system of Figure 1, wherein the releasable fastening system is disengaged.
- a duplex extruder generally indicated as 10, comprises a first extruder 12 and a second extruder 14.
- An unfilled polymer 28 is fed through the first extruder 12 and a filled polymer 30 is fed through the second extruder 14.
- the unfilled and filled polymers 28, 30 are formed into a bilayer in the extruder die 16.
- the bilayer is then fed through a series of multi-layering die inserts 18, each of which doubles the number of layers in the extrudate, and then through a shaping die 20.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic of the polymer bilayer passing through the multi -layering die inserts 18 to form a multi-layered system 40.
- the resulting multi-layered system 40 comprises alternating layers of filled and unfilled polymer layers.
- the filler enhances the thermal and/or electrical conductivities of the resulting multi-layered system, which allows for faster heating and cooling of the system.
- Filled polymer could also be used in both extruders.
- the multilayer extrusion would assist with the alignment of filler particles within the layers.
- the illustrated duplex extruder system is exemplary only and is not intended to be limited to any particular first 12 and second 14 extruder shape, size, configuration, number of multi-layering die inserts 18, type of shaping die 20, number of layers in the multi- layered system, or the like. Terms to "first" and “second” are only identifiers and are not intended to illustrate a position, sequence, order, etc.
- the number of multi-layering dies 18 determines the number of layers in the multi-layered system.
- Multi-layering dies can be microlayering dies.
- the number of alternating layers of filled and unfilled polymer is dependent upon the application of the resulting multi-layered system.
- the thickness of the individual layers that make up the multi-layered system is dependent upon the polymer used and the type of filler employed.
- a preferred thickness of each layer in the multi-layered system is greater than or equal to about 0.001 millimeter, preferably greater than or equal to about 0.01 millimeter, and more preferably greater than or equal to about 0.1 millimeter.
- the temporary shape of the SMP is set followed by cooling of the SMP to lock in the temporary shape.
- the temporary shape is maintained as long as the SMP remains below the soft segment transition temperature.
- the permanent shape is regained when the SMP is once again brought to or above the transition temperature of the soft segment.
- the temporary shape can be reset by repeating the heating, shaping and cooling steps.
- the soft segment transition temperature can be chosen for a particular application by modifying the structure and composition of the polymer. Transition temperatures of the soft segment range from about -63 °C to above about 120°C.
- Shape memory polymers can be thermoplastics, thermosets, interpenetrating networks, semi-interpenetrating networks, or mixed networks.
- the polymers can be a single polymer or a blend of polymers.
- the polymers can be linear or branched thermoplastic elastomers with side chains or dendritic structural elements.
- Suitable polymer components to form a shape memory polymer include, but are not limited to, polyphosphazenes, poly(vinyl alcohols), polyamides, polyester amides, poly(amino acid)s, polyanhydrides, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polyalkylenes, polyacrylamides, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene terephthalates, polyortho esters, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl esters, polyvinyl halides, polyesters, polylactides, polyglycolides, polysiloxanes, polyurethanes, polyethers, polyether amides, polyether esters, and copolymers thereof.
- suitable polyacrylates include poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(isobutyl methacrylate), poly(hexyl methacrylate), poly(isodecyl methacrylate), poly(lauryl methacrylate), poly(phenyl methacrylate), ⁇ oly(methyl acrylate), poly(isopropyl acrylate), poly(isobutyl acrylate) and poly(octadecyl acrylate).
- polystyrene examples include polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl phenol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chlorinated polybutylene, poly(octadecyl vinyl ether), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene/nylon (graft copolymer), polycaprolactones-polyamide (block copolymer), poly(caprolactone) dimethacrylate-n-butyl acrylate, poly(norbornyl- polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane), polyvinylchloride, urethane/butadiene copolymers, polyurethane block copolymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, and the like.
- the polymer used for the unfilled 28 and the filled 30 polymer comprise the same shape memory polymer.
- Suitable core materials for the metal-coated fiber may include vitreous mineral such as glass, silicates of aluminum, silicates of magnesium, silicates of calcium, and the like; and inorganic carbon materials such as graphite, carbon fibers, mica, and the like.
- Suitable particulate materials include powders or particles of carbon, iron, aluminum, copper, magnesium, chromium, tin, nickel, silver, iron, titanium, stainless steel, and mixtures comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- Fibers, powders, and flakes may be distinguished from each other on the basis of their aspect ratios.
- Fibers may be defined as having a number average aspect ratio greater than about 4, wherein the aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the length to the equivalent circular diameter.
- flakes may be defined as having a number average aspect ratio less than about 0.25
- powders may be defined as having a number average aspect ratio of about 0.25 to about 4.
- the thermal and electrical resistivity values of the multi-layered system depend upon the type and amount of filler in the polymer matrices.
- the multi- layered system can have a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to about 0.1 watt per meter Kelvin (W/mK), preferably greater than or equal to about 0.5 W/mK, and more preferably greater than or equal to about 1 W/mK.
- W/mK watt per meter Kelvin
- the multi-layered system can have a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to about 30 W/mK, preferably less than or equal to about 20 W/mK, and more preferably less than or equal to about 10 W/mK.
- the multi -layered system can have an electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to about 10 " ohm-centimeter (ohm-cm), preferably greater than or equal to about 10 "3 ohm-cm, and more preferably greater than or equal to about 10 "2 ohm-cm. Also, the multi-layered system can have an electrical conductivity of less than or equal to about 10 2 ohm-cm, preferably less than or equal to about 10 ohm-cm, and more preferably less than or equal to about 1 ohm- cm.
- a suitable amount of filler is greater than or equal to about 1 weight percent, preferably greater than or equal to about 2 weight percent, and more preferably greater than or equal to about 5 weight percent based on the total weight of filled polymer 30. Also preferred is a filler amount of less than or equal to about 70 weight percent, more preferably less than or equal to about 60 weight percent, and most preferably less than or equal to about 50 weight percent based on the total weight of the filled polymer 30.
- the filler in the filled polymer 30 is preferably uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix.
- the filled polymer comprises more than one type of filler.
- a loop portion 52 and a hook portion 54 are pressed together to create a joint that is relatively strong in shear and/or pull-off directions, and weak in a peel direction.
- the loop portion 52 includes a loop material 56 disposed onto a support 58.
- the hook portion 54 includes the multi-layered hook elements 62 attached to the support 60.
- Any method of forming articles or structures from the multi-layered system may be used, such as injection molding, tooling, cutting, crimping, machining, and the like.
- the polymers 28 and 30 may be any type of polymer and the filler, a magnetic filler.
- Suitable magnetic filler materials include, but are not intended to be limited to, hematite; magnetite; magnetic material based on iron, nickel, and cobalt, alloys of the foregoing, or combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing, and the like. Alloys of iron, nickel and/or cobalt, can comprise aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, manganese and/or copper.
- the filler can be in the form of a fiber, flake, particle, or powder.
- a suitable amount of filler in the filled polymer 30 system is greater than or equal to about 20 weight percent, preferably greater than or equal to about 25 weight percent, and more preferably greater than or equal to about 30 weight percent based on the total weight of filled polymer 30. Also preferred is a filler amount of less than or equal to about 70 weight percent, more preferably less than or equal to about 60 weight percent, and most preferably less than or equal to about 50 weight percent based on the total weight of the filled polymer 30.
- Articles can be formed with the magnetic multi-layered polymer system as mentioned previously for the SMP system.
- the polymers may optionally also include effective amounts of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants, flame retardants, drip retardants, dyes, pigments, colorants, stabilizers, small particle mineral such as clay, mica, and talc, antistatic agents, plasticizers, lubricants, and mixtures thereof.
- additives are known in the art, as are their effective levels and methods of incorporation. Effective amounts of the additives vary widely, but they are usually present in an amount up to about 50% or more by weight, based on the weight of the entire composition.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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EP03819126A EP1587864B1 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2003-12-08 | Manufacturing method for increasing thermal and electrical conductivities of polymers |
DE60329333T DE60329333D1 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2003-12-08 | MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR INCREASING THE HEAT-CONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYMERS |
AU2003304658A AU2003304658A1 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2003-12-08 | Manufacturing method for increasing thermal and electrical conductivities of polymers |
JP2005512849A JP2006514422A (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2003-12-08 | Process for increasing the thermal and electrical conductivity of polymers |
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US10/337,254 US7105117B2 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2003-01-06 | Manufacturing method for increasing thermal and electrical conductivities of polymers |
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US11014341B2 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2021-05-25 | Case Western Reserve University | Composite shape memory materials |
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US7105117B2 (en) | 2006-09-12 |
AU2003304658A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
DE60329333D1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
EP1587864A2 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
EP1587864B1 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
US20040131823A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
JP2006514422A (en) | 2006-04-27 |
WO2005062735A3 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
EP1587864A4 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
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