WO2003103972A1 - Ejection method and apparatus - Google Patents
Ejection method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003103972A1 WO2003103972A1 PCT/GB2003/002472 GB0302472W WO03103972A1 WO 2003103972 A1 WO2003103972 A1 WO 2003103972A1 GB 0302472 W GB0302472 W GB 0302472W WO 03103972 A1 WO03103972 A1 WO 03103972A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- ejection
- location
- agglomerations
- particulate material
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
- B41J2/06—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by electric or magnetic field
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for ejecting material from a liquid. More particularly, the method and apparatus employed may be generally of the type described in WO-A-93/11866, WO-A-94/18011 and WO-A- 95/32864. In the methods described in these patent applications, an agglomeration or concentration of particles is achieved at an ejection location and from the ejection location, particles are then ejected on to a substrate, e.g. for printing purposes. In the case of an array printer, plural cells each containing an ejection location may be arranged in one or more rows.
- One particular application to which the invention may be applied is the transfer of agglomerations of high intensity colouring materials to a recording surface for the purpose of non-impact printing. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to delivering coloured materials for the purpose of non-impact printing, but may be used to deposit other materials in a defined pattern on a substrate. Examples of other applications include delivery of etch resistant material, printing functional elements and deposition of phosphors or flurophosphors for security coding.
- ink jet printing There are a number of different forms of equipment used for the non-impact printing systems which are generally referred to as ink jet printing. It is usual for ink to be fed through a nozzle, the exit diameter of which is a major factor in determining the droplet size and hence the size of the resulting dots on a recording surface.
- the droplets may be produced from the nozzle either continuously, in which case the method is termed continuous printing, or they may be produced individually as required, in which case the method is termed drop on demand printing.
- continuous printing an ink is delivered with the nozzle at high pressure and the nozzle is perturbed at a substantially constant frequency which results in a stream of droplets of constant size.
- Drop on demand printing operates by producing local pressure pulses in the liquid in the vicinity of a small nozzle which results in a droplet of liquid being ejected from the nozzle.
- the colouring material is typically a soluble dye combined with binders to render the printed image more permanent.
- the disadvantages of soluble dyes is that the printed image density is not high enough in many applications and that the dyes fade underexposure in the environment.
- a further disadvantage with soluble dye materials is that the quality of the printed image is dependent upon the properties of the recording surface.
- Pigment inks are known to produce higher density images than soluble dyes and are also more permanent. Pigments may also be used in jet printers but the production of a dense image requires a high concentration of pigment material in a liquid carrier. The high concentration of pigment material effects the droplet break up in continuous printers and results in less uniform printing. Drop on demand printers do not have a high continuous pressure and the droplet generation is strongly dependent on local conditions in the nozzle, therefore the presence of pigments can block the nozzle or otherwise modify the local nozzle conditions such that droplets are not correctly ejected.
- a further disadvantage of the above types of jet printing is that the printing is carried out in a substantially vertical plane on to a substantially horizontal surface. This is because the liquids that are typically ejected have a relatively low viscosity and therefore it is not possible to print on a non-absorbing surface that is anything other than substantially horizontal because the liquid being deposited would drip down the surface, therefore effecting the quality of the printing.
- a non-absorbing substrate such as glass, metal or plastic it is necessary for the substrate to be surface treated prior to the application of the material to be deposited.
- a method of applying markings to a non-absorbent, substantially vertically arranged surface comprising generating discrete agglomerations of a particulate material with a proportion of liquid from a liquid having the particulate material therein, the method further comprising the steps of providing the liquid including the particulate material to an ejection location by applying an electric potential directly to the ejection location to form an electric field at the location, to cause agglomerations to form at the ejection location and to eject the agglomerations out of the liquid and away from the ejection location substantially horizontally by electrostatic repulsion between the agglomerations and the ejection location and on to the surface. Since the surface on which the particulate material and liquid is to be deposited is substantially vertical, it is also possible to deposit material on both sides of the surface at the same time, thereby reducing the material
- both sides can be printed and dried at the same time, thereby reducing the time required for and the complexity of the printing process.
- the electrical potential forming the field may be pulsed so that there is periodic formation and ejection of agglomerations of particles in the liquid from the ejection location.
- the method of the present invention may be utilised to print on to a glass surface for applying decoration and patterns or, alternatively, for printing functional elements such as electrical circuits.
- the invention could also be utilised for printing on to a metal surface using an oleophilic or oleophobic material to create a pattern that can be used as a printing plate.
- the invention can be used to print a etch resistant material on to a surface, thereby generating a pattern that can subsequently be etched into the surface. It may also be possible to move the ejection location across a large vertical non-absorbing surface, such as architectural glass, to create patterns on that glass.
- the invention also includes an apparatus for applying markings to a non- absorbent, substantially vertically arranged surface by the generation and ejection by electrostatic repulsion into air of discrete agglomerations of a particulate material with a proportion of a liquid from a liquid having the particulate material therein, the apparatus comprising an ejection location and liquid supply means to supply liquid with the particulate material to the ejection location, and electrical potential application means to apply an electrical potential directly to the ejection location to form an electric field at the location to eject the agglomerations out of the liquid and away from the ejection location substantially horizontally.
- the apparatus also includes means for supporting a workpiece such that the surface on which the agglomerations are to be ejected is substantially vertical.
- means to provide a flow of liquid to and from the ejection location Such a flow may be provided by means of a pump or by gravity feed or some other means.
- the apparatus according to this invention may be adapted to provide agglomerations on demand or to provide a continuous stream of agglomerations which can be deflected by electrostatic means external to the apparatus.
- the supply of agglomerations of particulate material on demand may be provided by providing a pulsed electrical potential to the ejection location.
- the apparatus may include a mechanism which enables the ejection locations to be moved in one, two or three dimensions such that the ejected material can be deposited on a large surface.
- Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a portion of a first print head incorporating ejection apparatus according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of part of a printing apparatus in which the present invention can be used.
- Figure 1 illustrates part of an array-type print head 1 , the print head comprising a body 2 of a dielectric material such as a synthetic plastics material or a ceramic.
- a dielectric material such as a synthetic plastics material or a ceramic.
- a series of grooves 3 are machined in the body 2, leaving interposing plate like lands 4.
- the grooves 3 are each provided with an ink inlet and an ink outlet (not shown, but indicated by arrows I and O (deposed at opposite ends of the grooves 3 so that fluid ink carrying a material which is to be ejected, as described in our earlier applications, can be passed into the grooves and depleted fluid passed out).
- Each pair of adjacent grooves 3 define a cell 5, the plate like land or separator
- each separator 7 formed by one of the plate like lands 4 and the corner of each separator 7 is shaped or chamferred as shown so as ' to provide a surface 8 to allow the ejection up stand 6 to project outwardly of the cell beyond the exterior of the cell as defined by the chamferred surfaces 8.
- the truncated up stand 6' is used in the right hand, end cell 5 of the array (and similarly in the end cell at the other end - not shown) to reduce end effects resulting from the electric fields which in turn result from voltages applied to ejection electrodes 9, provided as metalised surfaces on the faces of the plate like lands 4 facing the up stands 6, 6' (i.e. the inner faces of each cell separator).
- the truncated up stand 6' acts to pin the liquid meniscus which in turn reduces end effects during operation, which might otherwise distort the ejection from the adjacent cell.
- the electrode 9 in the end cell is held at a suitable bias voltage which may be the same as a bias voltage applied to the ejection electrodes 9 in the operative cells as described in our earlier applications mentioned above.
- the ejection electrode 9 extend over the side faces of the lands 4 and the bottom surfaces 10 of the grooves 3. The precise extent of the ejection electrodes 9 will depend upon the particular design and purpose of the printer.
- FIG 2 a perspective schematic view of the printing apparatus operating in the method of the present invention is shown.
- a first print head 1 ejects ink in the horizontal direction with respect to the ground, and prints on the non-absorbing substrate which is held a plane perpendicular to the ground.
- the printing apparatus 30 comprises a first print head 1 , a printer main body 31 having a mount (not shown) on which the print head is mounted.
- the print head can be moved in three dimensions relative to the substrate 32 so that images can be printed on the substrate. Either the print head or the substrate can be moved to effect printing.
- a second printer main body 34 having a second printhead 1a, is provided and is arranged such that it can print on the side of the substrate that is opposite to the side printed by print head 1 to allow both sides of the substrate to be printed simultaneously. Not shown are ink supply and return paths.
Abstract
A method of applying markings to a non-absorbent, substantially vertically
arranged surface, the method comprising generating discrete agglomerations
of a particulate material with a proportion of liquid from a liquid having the
particulate material therein, the method further comprising the steps of providing
the liquid including the particulate material to an ejection location by applying
an electric potential directly to the ejection locations to form an electric
field at the location, to cause agglomerations to form at the ejection location
and to eject the agglomerations out of the liquid and away from the ejection location
substantially horizontally by electrostatic propulsion between the agglomerations
and the ejection locations and on to the surface.
Description
EJECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for ejecting material from a liquid. More particularly, the method and apparatus employed may be generally of the type described in WO-A-93/11866, WO-A-94/18011 and WO-A- 95/32864. In the methods described in these patent applications, an agglomeration or concentration of particles is achieved at an ejection location and from the ejection location, particles are then ejected on to a substrate, e.g. for printing purposes. In the case of an array printer, plural cells each containing an ejection location may be arranged in one or more rows.
One particular application to which the invention may be applied is the transfer of agglomerations of high intensity colouring materials to a recording surface for the purpose of non-impact printing. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to delivering coloured materials for the purpose of non-impact printing, but may be used to deposit other materials in a defined pattern on a substrate. Examples of other applications include delivery of etch resistant material, printing functional elements and deposition of phosphors or flurophosphors for security coding.
This invention, however, will be discussed in relation to its application to printing, but its scope is broader than this. There are a number of different forms of equipment used for the non-impact printing systems which are generally referred to as ink jet printing. It is usual for ink to be fed through a nozzle, the exit diameter of which is a major factor in determining the droplet size and hence the size of the resulting dots on a recording surface. The droplets may be produced from the nozzle either continuously, in which case the method is termed continuous printing, or they may be produced individually as required, in which case the method is termed drop on demand printing. In continuous printing, an ink is delivered with the nozzle at high pressure and the nozzle is perturbed at a substantially constant frequency which results in a stream of droplets of constant size. By applying charge to the droplets and using an electric field external to the nozzle, selected droplets may be deflected in their passage to the recording surface in response to a signal affecting the electric field, whereby a pattern is formed on the recording surface in response to the control signal. Drop on demand printing operates by producing local pressure pulses in the liquid in the vicinity of a small nozzle which results in a droplet of liquid being ejected from the nozzle. In either type of jet printing, the colouring material is typically a soluble dye combined with binders to render the printed image more permanent. The
disadvantages of soluble dyes is that the printed image density is not high enough in many applications and that the dyes fade underexposure in the environment. A further disadvantage with soluble dye materials is that the quality of the printed image is dependent upon the properties of the recording surface. Pigment inks are known to produce higher density images than soluble dyes and are also more permanent. Pigments may also be used in jet printers but the production of a dense image requires a high concentration of pigment material in a liquid carrier. The high concentration of pigment material effects the droplet break up in continuous printers and results in less uniform printing. Drop on demand printers do not have a high continuous pressure and the droplet generation is strongly dependent on local conditions in the nozzle, therefore the presence of pigments can block the nozzle or otherwise modify the local nozzle conditions such that droplets are not correctly ejected.
A further disadvantage of the above types of jet printing is that the printing is carried out in a substantially vertical plane on to a substantially horizontal surface. This is because the liquids that are typically ejected have a relatively low viscosity and therefore it is not possible to print on a non-absorbing surface that is anything other than substantially horizontal because the liquid being deposited would drip down the surface, therefore effecting the quality of the printing.
Furthermore, in order for jet printing to deposit materials on a non-absorbing substrate, such as glass, metal or plastic it is necessary for the substrate to be surface treated prior to the application of the material to be deposited.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus which can print on substantially vertical surfaces without the problems discussed above. According to the present invention there is provided a method of applying markings to a non-absorbent, substantially vertically arranged surface, the method comprising generating discrete agglomerations of a particulate material with a proportion of liquid from a liquid having the particulate material therein, the method further comprising the steps of providing the liquid including the particulate material to an ejection location by applying an electric potential directly to the ejection location to form an electric field at the location, to cause agglomerations to form at the ejection location and to eject the agglomerations out of the liquid and away from the ejection location substantially horizontally by electrostatic repulsion between the agglomerations and the ejection location and on to the surface.
Since the surface on which the particulate material and liquid is to be deposited is substantially vertical, it is also possible to deposit material on both sides of the surface at the same time, thereby reducing the material deposition time.
In particular, in a conventional ink printing method, when it is required to print on both sides of, for example, a printed circuit board, the first surface is printed and dried and then the second surface is printed and dried. Therefore, by using the present invention, both sides can be printed and dried at the same time, thereby reducing the time required for and the complexity of the printing process.
By using the method of the present invention, relatively high concentration and high viscosity liquid can be ejected and therefore this ensures that the liquid does not drip down the surface on to which it is deposited. Furthermore, by using high concentration and high viscosity liquids, the drying time of that liquid is reduced and therefore the apparatus in which the deposition occurs requires a smaller, less powerful drying device, or, in the best scenario, no drying device at all. In one preferred form of the invention, the electrical potential forming the field may be pulsed so that there is periodic formation and ejection of agglomerations of particles in the liquid from the ejection location.
There may, therefore, be provided a flow of liquid including a particulate material to the ejection location and the withdrawal of excess liquid from the ejection location. Such withdrawal of excess liquid may be by means of a vacuum extraction.
It will be realised that a certain amount of particulate material may be withdrawn along with the excess liquid from the ejection location.
The method of the present invention may be utilised to print on to a glass surface for applying decoration and patterns or, alternatively, for printing functional elements such as electrical circuits. The invention could also be utilised for printing on to a metal surface using an oleophilic or oleophobic material to create a pattern that can be used as a printing plate. Furthermore, the invention can be used to print a etch resistant material on to a surface, thereby generating a pattern that can subsequently be etched into the surface. It may also be possible to move the ejection location across a large vertical non-absorbing surface, such as architectural glass, to create patterns on that glass.
The invention also includes an apparatus for applying markings to a non- absorbent, substantially vertically arranged surface by the generation and ejection by electrostatic repulsion into air of discrete agglomerations of a particulate material with a proportion of a liquid from a liquid having the particulate material therein, the apparatus comprising an ejection location and liquid supply means to supply liquid with
the particulate material to the ejection location, and electrical potential application means to apply an electrical potential directly to the ejection location to form an electric field at the location to eject the agglomerations out of the liquid and away from the ejection location substantially horizontally. Preferably, the apparatus also includes means for supporting a workpiece such that the surface on which the agglomerations are to be ejected is substantially vertical. There may be further provided means to provide a flow of liquid to and from the ejection location. Such a flow may be provided by means of a pump or by gravity feed or some other means. The apparatus according to this invention may be adapted to provide agglomerations on demand or to provide a continuous stream of agglomerations which can be deflected by electrostatic means external to the apparatus. The supply of agglomerations of particulate material on demand may be provided by providing a pulsed electrical potential to the ejection location. The apparatus may include a mechanism which enables the ejection locations to be moved in one, two or three dimensions such that the ejected material can be deposited on a large surface.
One example of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a portion of a first print head incorporating ejection apparatus according to the present invention; and
Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of part of a printing apparatus in which the present invention can be used.
Figure 1 illustrates part of an array-type print head 1 , the print head comprising a body 2 of a dielectric material such as a synthetic plastics material or a ceramic. The method of operation is as described in our earlier applications mentioned above. A series of grooves 3 are machined in the body 2, leaving interposing plate like lands 4.
The grooves 3 are each provided with an ink inlet and an ink outlet (not shown, but indicated by arrows I and O (deposed at opposite ends of the grooves 3 so that fluid ink carrying a material which is to be ejected, as described in our earlier applications, can be passed into the grooves and depleted fluid passed out).
Each pair of adjacent grooves 3 define a cell 5, the plate like land or separator
4 between the pairs of grooves 3 defining (all but the cells immediately adjacent the ends of the array) an ejection location for the material and having an ejection up stand 6. In the Figure, two cells 5 are shown, the left hand cell 5 having an ejection up stand
6 which is of generally triangular shape and the right hand cell 5 having a truncated up
stand 6'. The cells 5 are separated by a cell separator 7 formed by one of the plate like lands 4 and the corner of each separator 7 is shaped or chamferred as shown so as ' to provide a surface 8 to allow the ejection up stand 6 to project outwardly of the cell beyond the exterior of the cell as defined by the chamferred surfaces 8. The truncated up stand 6' is used in the right hand, end cell 5 of the array (and similarly in the end cell at the other end - not shown) to reduce end effects resulting from the electric fields which in turn result from voltages applied to ejection electrodes 9, provided as metalised surfaces on the faces of the plate like lands 4 facing the up stands 6, 6' (i.e. the inner faces of each cell separator). Although the end cells are not used for ejection, the truncated up stand 6' acts to pin the liquid meniscus which in turn reduces end effects during operation, which might otherwise distort the ejection from the adjacent cell. The electrode 9 in the end cell is held at a suitable bias voltage which may be the same as a bias voltage applied to the ejection electrodes 9 in the operative cells as described in our earlier applications mentioned above. The ejection electrode 9 extend over the side faces of the lands 4 and the bottom surfaces 10 of the grooves 3. The precise extent of the ejection electrodes 9 will depend upon the particular design and purpose of the printer.
In Figure 2, a perspective schematic view of the printing apparatus operating in the method of the present invention is shown. A first print head 1 ejects ink in the horizontal direction with respect to the ground, and prints on the non-absorbing substrate which is held a plane perpendicular to the ground.
The printing apparatus 30 comprises a first print head 1 , a printer main body 31 having a mount (not shown) on which the print head is mounted. The print head can be moved in three dimensions relative to the substrate 32 so that images can be printed on the substrate. Either the print head or the substrate can be moved to effect printing.
A second printer main body 34, having a second printhead 1a, is provided and is arranged such that it can print on the side of the substrate that is opposite to the side printed by print head 1 to allow both sides of the substrate to be printed simultaneously. Not shown are ink supply and return paths.
Claims
1. A method of applying markings to a non-absorbent, substantially vertically arranged surface, the method comprising generating discrete agglomerations of a particulate material with a proportion of liquid from a liquid having the particulate material therein, the method comprising the steps of providing the liquid including the particulate material to an ejection location by applying an electric potential directly to the ejection location to form an electric field at the location, to cause agglomerations to form at the ejection location and to eject the agglomerations out of the liquid and away from the ejection location substantially horizontally by electrostatic repulsion between the agglomerations and the ejection location and on to the surface.
2. A method according to claim 1 , further including the step of periodic formation and ejection of agglomerations from the ejection locations.
3. A method according to claim 1 , further including the step of providing a flow of the liquid including the particulate material to the ejection location.
4. A method as in claim 1 , further including the step of withdrawing excess liquid from the ejection location.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the withdrawal of the excess liquid from the ejection location is by means of vacuum extraction.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of moving the ejection locations relative to the surface.
7. An apparatus for applying markings to a non-absorbent, substantially vertically arranged surface by the generation and ejection by electrostatic repulsion into air of discrete agglomerations of a particulate material with a proportion of a liquid from a liquid having the particulate material therein, the apparatus comprising an ejection location and liquid supply means to supply liquid with the particulate material to the ejection location, and electrical potential application means to apply an electrical potential directly to the ejection location to form an electric field at the location to eject the agglomerations out of the liquid and away from the ejection location substantially horizontally.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, further including liquid flow means to provide a flow of liquid to the ejection location.
9. An apparatus according to claim 6, further including vacuum extraction means to withdraw excess liquid and particulate material from the ejection location.
10. An apparatus according to claim 6, adapted to provide periodic formation and ejection into air of agglomerations of particles in the liquid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003244782A AU2003244782A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-06-04 | Ejection method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0212976A GB0212976D0 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2002-06-06 | Ejection method and apparatus |
| GB0212976.5 | 2002-06-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003103972A1 true WO2003103972A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
Family
ID=9938069
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2003/002472 WO2003103972A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-06-04 | Ejection method and apparatus |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003244782A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB0212976D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003103972A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0212976D0 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
| AU2003244782A1 (en) | 2003-12-22 |
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