US6319190B1 - Medicinal radioactive ruthenium radiation sources with high dosage rate and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Medicinal radioactive ruthenium radiation sources with high dosage rate and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6319190B1 US6319190B1 US09/424,895 US42489500A US6319190B1 US 6319190 B1 US6319190 B1 US 6319190B1 US 42489500 A US42489500 A US 42489500A US 6319190 B1 US6319190 B1 US 6319190B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- ruthenium
- radiation source
- layers
- gold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/623—Porosity of the layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
- A61N2005/1019—Sources therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
- A61N5/1002—Intraluminal radiation therapy
Definitions
- the invention relates to radioactive ruthenium radiation sources having a dose rate of at least 1.5 Gy/min at a distance of 2 mm (water), comprised of an activity carrier and an enclosure for said carrier made of a body-compatible material, the carrier having electrodeposited thereon a multilayer system of metals and/or alloys, wherein at least two layers consist of ruthenium-106, and wherein inactive intermediate layers of other metals or alloys are present between the radioactive ruthenium layers.
- the activity carrier is enclosed in a body-compatible material such as metal or plastic. Enclosing the activity carrier can be performed by filling into a capsule and subsequent sealing, or by electrodepositing a cover layer made of e.g. hard gold.
- the DE-OS 22 61 944 concludes that coatings produced using such baths exhibit gloss only up to a thickness of about 2-3 ⁇ m, and that surface cracks will occur with increasing thickness. Therefore, this document suggests a modified electroplating bath, by means of which ruthenium layers 5 ⁇ m in thickness are said to be obtained.
- This bath likewise includes a complex ruthenium compound having the Ru—N—Ru nitrogen bridge (produced from the above-mentioned electrolyte), but is free of halogen, includes at least 1.5 g/l of sulfate ions, and has a pH value of 4 at maximum.
- ruthenium radiation sources for ophthalmologic purposes are produced by electrolytic deposition of ruthenium from commercially available radioactive ruthenium(III) chloride solutions.
- the thin layers obtained thereby, having dose rates of from 0.1 to 0.5 Gy/min, are sufficient for using this radiation source as eye applicator in eye tumor treatment.
- these radiation sources are unsuitable in the treatment of vascular anomalies because they do not have the required dose rate due to the fact that thin layers can only be achieved.
- radioactive ruthenium radiation sources for medical uses, which should have high dose rates and, despite the required thickness of the active ruthenium layer, have the required flexibility and geometry in order to be usable in the intravascular treatment of vascular anomalies. It was another object of the invention to devise methods of producing such sources.
- said object is accomplished by means of radioactive ruthenium-106 radiation sources comprised of an activity carrier and an enclosure for said carrier made of a body-compatible material, the carrier having coated thereon a multilayer system of metals and/or alloys, wherein at least two layers consist of radioactive ruthenium, and wherein inactive intermediate layers of other metals or alloys are present between the radioactive ruthenium layers.
- the radiation sources according to the invention have well-adhering ruthenium layers of the required thickness (and thus, the required dose rate) which remain free of visible cracks despite the bending stress typically occurring during use, e.g. in intravascular treatment of vascular anomalies.
- the radiation sources of the invention are produced by electrolytic deposition of the multilayer system on a conductive carrier.
- the anionic ruthenium complex [Ru 2 NCl 8 (H 2 O) 2 ] 3 ⁇ (RuNC), wherein the cations may be ammonium or potassium ions, is employed in the electroplating radioactive ruthenium bath.
- PPS sulfopropylpyridine
- the production of the RuNC electrolyte proceeds in a single step by hydrolyzing in excess amidosulfonic acid a ruthenium(III) chloride solution which, for purposes of the invention, contains at least 8 Ci/g ruthenium. Essentially, this production is known from the literature. Under the present active conditions, boiling at reflux is replaced by heating at about 90° C.
- the electrolyte thus obtained can be used without additional steps so that, according to the invention, the preparation of the electrolyte is performed directly in the electrolytic cell (cf., FIG. 1) developed for the process of the invention.
- Gold, nickel, titanium or alloys thereof can be deposited as metals between the individual ruthenium layers. According to the invention, it is also possible to produce not all of the intermediate layers of the same metal but rather, use miscellaneous metals for the intermediate layers. In case the activity carrier is to be enclosed by a electrodeposited cover layer, gold may preferably be used for this purpose.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the electrolytic cell according to the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a) non-coated and b) coated tube-shaped carrier elements employed in a preferred embodiment
- FIG. 3 illustrates the coated tube-shaped elements “threaded” on a wire which, in their entirety, represent the ruthenium-106 radiation source.
- the intermediate layers are also produced of gold where commercially available gold baths from the Degussa company may be used.
- the Auruna® 311 electrolyte for the first gold layer on the carrier which serves as an adhesion promoter between the carrier and the first ruthenium layer
- the Auruna® 533 electrolyte for the intermediate layers are selected. If the radiation source is to be enclosed by a electrodeposited cover layer, the Auruna® 533 electrolyte is suitable in generating a hard gold layer in this case as well.
- carriers made of brass, copper, alloyed steels, nickel, titanium, or alloys thereof, silver, gold, or platinum metals are possible as metallic carriers which simultaneously function as cathode.
- nitinol or gold are used as carrier material.
- polymers modified at their surface, i.e., rendered electroconductive may also be used as carriers.
- the carrier may have any desired shape or form. Likewise, it may be comprised of multiple carrier elements, each of which having the multilayer system. A tube or multiple tube-shaped elements, a single wire, or an array of multiple wires, a structured or non-structured foil, a mesh, a rotationally symmetrical molded body, or a sphere may be used as carrier.
- tube-shaped elements having a circular cross-section are used as carriers, which elements most preferably may consist of gold, the outer diameter at their ends being larger in size than that in the intermediate section (cf., FIG. 2 a ).
- the outer diameter of the tube-shaped elements is up to 0.6 mm at their ends, and up to 0.3 mm in the intermediate section.
- the length of the elements is 0.5-70 mm, depending on the desired use and the flexibility required.
- the pretreatment of the carrier which is used is of essential importance for the adherence of the multilayered coating according to the invention.
- the carrier has to be degreased, and oxide layers possibly present and—should the occasion arise—tightly adhering particles have to be removed.
- nitinol as carrier
- final pickling using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid has proven advantageous.
- a gold layer as adhesion promoter is coated as first layer on the nitinol carriers.
- the inventive electrolytic deposition of the ruthenium layers proceeds under observance of the following operating parameters:
- the ruthenium concentration at the beginning of the electrolysis typically is 5 g/l and may drop down to 0.2 g/l as a result of ruthenium depletion.
- the temperature should be between 60 and 75° C., preferably 70° C., and the pH value must be maintained between 1.3 and 1.8.
- Ruthenium concentration and pH value are controlled and adjusted at regular intervals.
- ruthenium-106 radiation sources are provided in this way which have sufficiently thick, well-adhering, crack-free, homogeneous, and flexible radioactive ruthenium layers.
- radioactive ruthenium layers having a thickness of up to 5 ⁇ m are achieved when adjusting current densities of between 0.25 and 0.35 A/dm 2 .
- ruthenium-106 overall layer thicknesses of up to 30 ⁇ m are achieved, where the overall layer thickness is understood to be the sum of all radioactive ruthenium layers.
- the ruthenium radiation sources produced from these multi-coated ruthenium activity carriers have a dose rate of at least 1.5 and up to 15 Gy per minute at a distance of 2 mm (in water).
- the electrolytic cell preferably employed according to the invention is comprised of a vessel 1 having a double-jacket 7 for heating. With respect to its dimensions, the electrolytic vessel 1 must comply with the demand for minimum operating volume. Preferably, the operating volume should not exceed 5 ml. Moreover, the electrolytic vessel 1 for preparing and adjusting the electrolyte must be suitable in such a fashion that addition of liquids through an opening 10 and stirring of the electrolyte by means of a stirrer 5 is possible.
- the cathode 2 should be capable of immersing into the electrolyte in a positioned fashion according to the desired active length.
- the electrolytic cell has been designed in such a way that cathode 2 is joined to a means for opening the operating space 3 .
- the anode 4 coaxially surrounds the cathode 2 .
- the electrolytic vessel 1 Above the liquid level of the electrolyte, the electrolytic vessel 1 comprises an element 6 for withdrawing gases and vapors, allowing a slight vacuum to be applied permanently.
- Electrolytic production of radioactive ruthenium layers wherein a nitinol wire 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter is used, and the intermediate layers as well as the cover layer are made of gold.
- Previous gilding is used to promote adhesion between the substrate and the Ru layer.
- the commercial electrolyte Auruna® 311 is selected as primary gold.
- the previous acid activation is already provided by pickling.
- Gold is also suitable as intermediate layer between the Ru depositions, to which end the Auruna® 533 electrolyte is selected.
- Pre-activation is effected by pickling with sulfuric acid (5%, RT, 0.5 min). Both electrolytes are cyanogold complexes from the Degussa company.
- Auruna® 311 (Degussa company, 2 g/l, RT, 10 min, 2 A/dm 2 )
- Auruna® 533 (Degussa company, 8 g/l, 35° C., 7 min, 1 A/dM 2 )
- the Ru complex RuNC is used as electrolyte. Preparation is effected in advance, directly in the specially developed electrolytic cell.
- the electrolyte is modified by adding PPS (sulfopropylpyridine, 3 g/l, Raschig company).
- the operating parameters of the Ru electrolysis are:
- such a layer may likewise be produced of hard gold (in analogy to the intermediate layers using Auruna® 533).
- Radioactive ruthenium radiation source by electrolytic formation of radioactive ruthenium layers on a conductive carrier in such a way that a nitinol tube or wire having an outer diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm is coated over a length of 0.5-7 cm, and intermediate layers as well as a cover layer of gold are used.
- the cover layer in its quality parameters must ensure absence of pores to prevent wash-our of radioactive Ru, absence of cracks under mechanical stress typically occurring during use, as well as wear resistance against abrasion on High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
- HDPE High Density Polyethylene
- Such a cover layer can be made of hard gold (see Example 1).
- Tube-shaped parts having sectionally varying outer diameters are employed as carriers (overall length: 1.3 mm, diameter at the ends: 0.3 mm, diameter in the intermediate section: 0.2 mm, length of intermediate section: 1 mm).
- the elements consist of gold and are to be ruthenium-coated on their thin intermediate sections only. This object is accomplished by covering those sections which have to remain free with a non-conductive masking lacquer.
- Example 1 The pretreatment of the carriers is performed as described in Example 1, omitting step 4. Previous gilding is not necessary. Ruthenium deposition is effected as in Example 1.
- the cover layer is coated as described in Example 1. As the cover layer is to be coated on the masked tube sections as well, the masking lacquer is removed therefrom by dissolving in acetone.
- the tube-shaped elements of uniform length produced in this way are pushed on a wire and secured against falling off at the ends thereof (e.g. by welding an end piece thereto).
- Tube-shaped parts having sectionally varying outer diameters are employed as carriers (overall length: 1.3 mm, diameter at the ends: 0.28 mm, diameter in the intermediate section: 0.2 mm, length of intermediate section: 1 mm).
- the elements consist of gold or titanium and are to be ruthenium-coated on their thin intermediate sections only. This object is accomplished by covering those sections which have to remain free with a non-conductive masking lacquer.
- Example 1 The pretreatment of the carriers is performed as described in Example 1. Ruthenium deposition is effected as in Example 1. Subsequently, the masking lacquer is removed by dissolving in acetone.
- the gold cover layer is not coated. Instead, the tube-shaped parts are inserted in a larger tube of the same material. At the ends thereof, the uncoated edge of the activity carrier (outer diameter: 0.28 mm) is welded with the sealing tube.
- the tube-shaped elements of uniform length now being encapsulated are pushed on a wire and fixed at both ends.
- varying numbers of bodies may be threaded.
- flexibility of the overall arrangement is established. Owing to the encapsulation of the single bodies, higher stability and, in particular, higher abrasion resistance is achieved.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
Abstract
Description
Claims (22)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19815568A DE19815568C2 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 1998-03-31 | Process for the production of medical radioactive ruthenium radiation sources by electrolytic deposition of radioactive ruthenium on a carrier, radiation sources produced with this process and electrolysis cell for producing radioactive ruthenium layers |
DE19815568 | 1998-03-31 | ||
PCT/EP1999/002159 WO1999050855A1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-03-30 | Medicinal, radioactive ruthenium radiation sources with high dosage rate and method for producing the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6319190B1 true US6319190B1 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
Family
ID=7863879
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/424,895 Expired - Lifetime US6319190B1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-03-30 | Medicinal radioactive ruthenium radiation sources with high dosage rate and method for producing the same |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6319190B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0986818A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002500772A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19815568C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999050855A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6416492B1 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2002-07-09 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Radiation delivery system utilizing intravascular ultrasound |
US6471671B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-10-29 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Preloaded gas inflation device for balloon catheter |
US20060069298A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2006-03-30 | World Wide Medical Technologies, Llc | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy |
US7070554B2 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2006-07-04 | Theragenics Corporation | Brachytherapy devices and methods of using them |
US20080009660A1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2008-01-10 | Worldwide Medical Technologies Llc | After-Loader Devices and Kits |
US20090137288A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-05-28 | Ja-Won Seo | Mobile communication terminal having aromatic function and communication terminal charger having aromatic charge function |
US7736293B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2010-06-15 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Implants for use in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy that resist migration and rotation |
US7736295B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2010-06-15 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy using custom end spacing |
US7874976B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2011-01-25 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Echogenic strands and spacers therein |
US7878964B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2011-02-01 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Echogenic spacers and strands |
US8066627B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2011-11-29 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy using strands constructed with extruded strand housings |
US8187159B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2012-05-29 | Biocompatibles, UK | Therapeutic member including a rail used in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy |
US8470294B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2013-06-25 | Microspherix Llc | Flexible and/or elastic brachytherapy seed or strand |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE112016006665T5 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2018-12-20 | Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. | communication cable |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1206612A (en) | 1956-01-23 | 1960-02-10 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Process for preparing metallic ruthenium deposits and coatings by electrolysis |
DE2261944A1 (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1973-07-05 | Int Nickel Ltd | BATH FOR GALVANIC SEPARATION OF RUTHENIUM |
GB1520140A (en) | 1976-06-08 | 1978-08-02 | Inco Europ Ltd | Electrodeposition of ruthenium |
EP0018165A1 (en) | 1979-04-10 | 1980-10-29 | Inco Europe Limited | A bath and a process for electrodepositing ruthenium, a concentrated solution for use in forming the bath and an object having a ruthenium coating |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE424536A (en) * | ||||
DE901685C (en) * | 1947-09-27 | 1954-01-14 | United States Radium Corp | Radioactive metal foil |
-
1998
- 1998-03-31 DE DE19815568A patent/DE19815568C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-30 WO PCT/EP1999/002159 patent/WO1999050855A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-03-30 US US09/424,895 patent/US6319190B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-30 EP EP99916898A patent/EP0986818A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-30 JP JP54888099A patent/JP2002500772A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1206612A (en) | 1956-01-23 | 1960-02-10 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Process for preparing metallic ruthenium deposits and coatings by electrolysis |
DE2261944A1 (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1973-07-05 | Int Nickel Ltd | BATH FOR GALVANIC SEPARATION OF RUTHENIUM |
GB1520140A (en) | 1976-06-08 | 1978-08-02 | Inco Europ Ltd | Electrodeposition of ruthenium |
EP0018165A1 (en) | 1979-04-10 | 1980-10-29 | Inco Europe Limited | A bath and a process for electrodepositing ruthenium, a concentrated solution for use in forming the bath and an object having a ruthenium coating |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
G. Reddy et al.; Electrodeposition of Rutherium; Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing, 1969, vol. 47, pp. 187-193 no month available. |
H. Drost et al.; Elektrolytische Abscheidung glänzender Rutheniumniederschläge aus Lösungen einfacher Rutheniumsalze; Isotopenpraxis, vol. 2, No. 4 1996; pp. 189-193 no month available. |
Von A. F. Bogenschütz, et al.; Galvanische Abscheidung von Rutheniumschichten; Galvanotechnik 67, No. 2 (1976); pp. 98-105 no month available. |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6471671B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-10-29 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Preloaded gas inflation device for balloon catheter |
US6416492B1 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2002-07-09 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Radiation delivery system utilizing intravascular ultrasound |
US8470294B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2013-06-25 | Microspherix Llc | Flexible and/or elastic brachytherapy seed or strand |
US10994058B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2021-05-04 | Microspherix Llc | Method for administering a flexible hormone rod |
US10493181B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2019-12-03 | Microspherix Llc | Flexible and/or elastic brachytherapy seed or strand |
US9636402B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2017-05-02 | Microspherix Llc | Flexible and/or elastic brachytherapy seed or strand |
US9636401B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2017-05-02 | Microspherix Llc | Flexible and/or elastic brachytherapy seed or strand |
US8821835B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2014-09-02 | Microspherix Llc | Flexible and/or elastic brachytherapy seed or strand |
US20060069298A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2006-03-30 | World Wide Medical Technologies, Llc | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy |
US8066627B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2011-11-29 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy using strands constructed with extruded strand housings |
US7942803B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2011-05-17 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy |
US7874974B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2011-01-25 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy |
US7070554B2 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2006-07-04 | Theragenics Corporation | Brachytherapy devices and methods of using them |
US7736294B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2010-06-15 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy using seed strands with custom end spacing |
US7736295B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2010-06-15 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Delivery system and method for interstitial radiation therapy using custom end spacing |
US7972261B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2011-07-05 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Devices to resist migration and rotation of implants used in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy |
US8021291B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2011-09-20 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Markers for use in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy that resist migration and rotation |
US8114007B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2012-02-14 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Implants for use in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy that resist migration and rotation |
US8187159B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2012-05-29 | Biocompatibles, UK | Therapeutic member including a rail used in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy |
US8192345B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2012-06-05 | Biocompatibles, UK | Cartridge for use with brachytherapy applicator |
US8790235B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2014-07-29 | Eckert & Ziegler Debig S.A. | Devices to resist migration and rotation of implants used in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy |
US8795146B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2014-08-05 | Eckert & Ziegler Bebig S.A. | Implants including spacers for use in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy that resist migration and rotation |
US7736293B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2010-06-15 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Implants for use in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy that resist migration and rotation |
US20080009661A1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2008-01-10 | Worldwide Medical Technologies Llc | Methods for Using After-Loaders |
US7985172B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2011-07-26 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | After-loader devices and kits |
US7988611B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2011-08-02 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | After-loader for positioning implants for needle delivery in brachytherapy and other radiation therapy |
US20080009660A1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2008-01-10 | Worldwide Medical Technologies Llc | After-Loader Devices and Kits |
US7878964B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2011-02-01 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Echogenic spacers and strands |
US7874976B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2011-01-25 | Biocompatibles Uk Limited | Echogenic strands and spacers therein |
US20090137288A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-05-28 | Ja-Won Seo | Mobile communication terminal having aromatic function and communication terminal charger having aromatic charge function |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002500772A (en) | 2002-01-08 |
EP0986818A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
WO1999050855A1 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
DE19815568C2 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
DE19815568A1 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6319190B1 (en) | Medicinal radioactive ruthenium radiation sources with high dosage rate and method for producing the same | |
EP2508652B1 (en) | Porous metal foil and method for manufacturing the same | |
KR101818085B1 (en) | Highly corrosion-resistant porous metal body and method for producing the same | |
US5584983A (en) | Method for the production of a metal foam | |
US4968389A (en) | Method of forming a composite film over the surface of aluminum materials | |
US5002838A (en) | Aluminum plating substance for anodizing | |
US4170536A (en) | Electrolytic cathode and method for its production | |
US6852207B1 (en) | Method for producing prosthetic moulded parts for dental use | |
US3669851A (en) | Method of electrodepositing onto stainless steel | |
US7699970B2 (en) | Production of structured hard chrome layers | |
JPS63109184A (en) | Industrial nickel/phosphorus electroplating method | |
GB1406081A (en) | Method for electrolytic deposition | |
US3503799A (en) | Method of preparing an electrode coated with a platinum metal | |
US4839133A (en) | Target and method for the production of fission product molybdenum-99 | |
US3639219A (en) | Iridium plating | |
JPH0257159B2 (en) | ||
CN1283711A (en) | Electrolyte for electrocasting/electrodeposition of platinum and its method | |
JPS61106791A (en) | High speed plating method | |
US20160177455A1 (en) | Single Solution for Electro-Electroless Deposition of Metals | |
JP2716325B2 (en) | Metal electrodeposition method | |
JP3245837B2 (en) | Method for producing porous metal foil | |
JP3537255B2 (en) | Electrode for electrolysis | |
SU796250A1 (en) | Method of electrolytical precipitation on metallic articles | |
JP3062062B2 (en) | Electrode for electrolysis and method for producing the same | |
Pushpavanum et al. | Platinum plating for decorative and functional applications |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BEBIG ISOTENPENTECHNIK UND UMWELTDIAGNOSTIK GMBH, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHMIDT, WERNER;FREUDENBERGER, RENATE;ANDRASSY, MICHAEL;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010663/0193 Effective date: 19991117 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BEBIG ISOTOPENTECHNIK UND UMWELTDIAGNOSTIK GMBH, G Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE, FILED ON 2-16-2000, RECORDED ON REEL 10663, FRAME 0193;ASSIGNORS:SCHMIDT, WERNER;FREUDENBERGER, RENATE;ANDRASSY, MICHAEL;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010695/0068 Effective date: 19991117 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BEBIG ISOTOPEN-UND MEDIZINTECHNIK GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BEBIG ISOTOPENTECHNIK UND UMWELTDIAGNOSTIK GMBH;REEL/FRAME:012122/0758 Effective date: 19920519 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ECKERT & ZIEGLER BEHIB GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BEHIG ISOTOPEN-UND MEDIZINTECHNIK;REEL/FRAME:017527/0778 Effective date: 20060228 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ECKERT & ZIEGLER BEBIG GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNEE'S NAME, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 017527, FRAME 0778;ASSIGNOR:BEHIG ISOTOPEN-UND MEDIZINTECHNIK;REEL/FRAME:018545/0331 Effective date: 20060228 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |