US3729008A - Electrode for atrial pacing with curved end for atrial wall engagement - Google Patents
Electrode for atrial pacing with curved end for atrial wall engagement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3729008A US3729008A US00101836A US3729008DA US3729008A US 3729008 A US3729008 A US 3729008A US 00101836 A US00101836 A US 00101836A US 3729008D A US3729008D A US 3729008DA US 3729008 A US3729008 A US 3729008A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- catheter
- curve
- heart
- electrode
- recited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/056—Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/056—Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
- A61N1/057—Anchoring means; Means for fixing the head inside the heart
Definitions
- the present invention relates, generally, to an area of medical electronics concerned with electrical stimulation of a patients heart. More particularly, the present inverition relates to improved means for conducting electrical stimulation from heart stimulating apparatus to the atrium of the heart.
- the electrodes normally used with these devices are long, thin, flexible conductors enclosed by a flexible catheter. At one end of the catheter, the conductor is exposed in order to make contact with the heart.
- bipolar electrodes In some electrode apparatus configurations (called bipolar electrodes), two conductors are included within one catheter, thereby providing a forward conduction path and return path for electrical stimulation to the heart. For this type of electrode, two conductors are exposed and each conductor makes contact with the heart.
- the bipolar electrode apparatus used with ventricular stimulation has a generally linear and flexible shape.
- the two conductors are exposed at one end of the catheter approximately 1 inch from each other.
- the electrode apparatus is inserted into a blood vessel and is pushed into the ventricle. It normally rests in the ventricular cavity without falling out.
- the ventricle is formed so that the electrode will normally be confined to its region without difficulty.
- the electrode used for stimulating an atrium has difficulty in maintaining its position within the confines of the atrial cavity.
- the atrium has smooth walls allowing easy slippage of an ordinary linear electrode therefrom.
- a problem with the prior art electrode is that it is not well suited for use with the atrium.
- Applicants solution to this problem is to provide improved electrode apparatus which can be inserted in a normal manner into a vessel of the body leading to the atrium, and to automaticallycause a gripping of, and a support by, the atrium wall.
- the present invention solves the electrode-heart contact problem associated with atrial pacing.
- the invention relates generally to electrode apparatus for use with heart stimulating devices. More particularly, the invention relates to a curved electrode apparatus and catheter particularly suited for use in stimulating an atrium of a patients heart.
- a particular resilience is built into the catheter to provide a particular shape suitable for being supported by the wall of the atrium.
- the resilience built into the catheter has a twofold purpose; first it can create an axial torque to cause a twisting action to tend to maintain the curve in a plane, and second it has a flexibility for providing an approximately linear shape for proper insertion into a blood vessel.
- An advantage of this invention is to permit reliable atrial stimulation.
- the electrode of the present invention will not slip out of the atrium, nor will it loosen and make poor electrical contact with the atrium.
- FIG. 1 depicts two electrodes, one of which is curvilinear in accordance with the present invention, both of which are operatively connected to a heart stimulat ing device;
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the catheter 11 of FIG. 1 in a first illustrative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a second illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a third illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 depicts schematically the axial or twisting torque provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a side view of a curved electrode in accordance with the present invention.
- heart stimulating device 10 is connected to catheter 12 which encloses conductors l3 and 23. These conductors are insulated from each other. One provides a signal or stimulating conductive path and the other provides a return conductive path.
- This catheter electrode apparatus is an example of prior art. It is inserted into the ventricle of the heart to provide it with electrical stimulation.
- catheter 11 is also operatively connected to pacer or heart stimulator 10, and similarly has conductors I4 and 24 enclosed therein. But, this catheter is curvilinear or curved near the end that makes contact with the heart. The cross-section of catheter 11 at the location designated as 15 is thicker than the cross-section of the catheter at a point closer to the pacer. This can be seen more clearly in FIG. 6.
- curved region designated as 30 is thicker in cross-section than the catheter cross-section at the location designated as 40. The reason for this difference in cross-section is due to an additional amount of resilient insulation at region 30.
- the catheter can be made from various electrical non-conductive materials such as polyvinyl chloride, plastics, polyethylene, polyurethane and other bodycompatible elastic materials.
- the catheter is made from a high medical grade durameter (resilient) rubber.
- the additional amount of rubber at the location of the curve is added to the ordinary flexible catheter by such processes as vulcanization or injection molding. The additional rubber forces the catheter to assume an unnatural shape but one which possesses minimal potential energy.
- the catheter is depicted as temporarily linear, and this is shown by dotted diagram 32. This is the shape and potential energy state of the catheter when it is inserted into a blood vessel (not shown) to be pushed up to the atrium (not shown).
- the catheter Upon entering the atrium, the catheter springs back as depicted by direction 31 to the curve shape depicted.
- This curve shape has the proper dimensions to conform to the atrium and to be suitable for gripping the moving atrium wall.
- the atrium has a smooth wall which allows easy slippage of an ordinary electrode.
- the curved electrode shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6, will now slip from the atrium, as it is curved over the atrium wall. While inserted in the heart over the atrium wall (not shown), the inherent return tension or resilience causes the catheter to apply tension in step with the moving atrium as the heart is beating. This maintains good electrical contact.
- the curved electrode fits into the atrium and will not fall out and slide into the ventricle (not shown) by virtue of its shape. But, the electrode can be pulled out by application of distal force in a surgical procedure. When the electrode is removed from the atrium by the application of distal force, the shape of the curved catheter is shown by dotted configuration 32.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the curved electrode taken at curved region of catheter 11.
- Flanges 16 are what cause the electrode to maintain its curved shape. Flanges 16 lie on the inside of the curve. (They could be on the outside of the curve and the resulting resilience effects would be similar.)
- FIG. 3 is a second illustrative embodiment of the present invention taken at curved region 15 of catheter 11.
- Flange 17 is shown in a different shape from flanges 16, but has much the same effect as flanges 16.
- FIG. 4 is a third illustrative embodiment of the present invention taken at curved region 15 of catheter 11 and is a combination of flanges l6 and 17.
- flange 17 is at the inside of the curve and flanges 16 are on the outside of the curve. This configuration combines the resilient advantages of FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the flanges are two-fold. First, a resilient restoring force must be created to make the electrode spring back in direction 31 as depicted in FIG. 6. Second, the flange is intended to diminish twisting (axial torques which will tend to displace the curve portion of the electrode out of a plane) and thus encourages the curve portion to be planar. (If a curved electrode is allowed to twist excessively while in operational connection with an atrium, it could fall out of the atrium cavity.)
- arrows 18 indicate directions in which the axial torque resisting force is applied by flanges 16 and 17.
- application of this torque resisting force will tend to cause the curve of the electrode to remain in the plane of the paper.
- the curve has a 1-inch radius, and is generally in the shape of a semi-circle. There is approximately 1.5 to 2 centimeters between exposed conductors of the same catheter.
- the exposed conductors can be made of platinum.
- the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.
- Other cross-sectional areas of rubber, or other materials suitable for creating these torques within a body environment can be used.
- grooves or ridges can be arranged on the inside curve of the catheter to even better grip the atrium wall.
- Electrode apparatus of the intravascular type for use with devices for electrically stimulating the heart of a patient, said apparatus including at least one long, thin, flexible electrical conductor, an electrically-insulating flexible catheter enclosing said conductor, there being an electrically non-conducting material forming an outer wall of said catheter, said conductor having one end extending through the exterior surface of said catheter to permit electrical contact between said heart and said conductor near one end of said conductor, and catheter curve-holding means carried by said outer wall adjacent said end and substantially parallel to and secured along substantially its entire length to the catheter for normally urging said catheter in a curve near said end, the configuration of said curve arranged to be curved-over and supported by a wall of an atrium moving in response to the beating of said heart and being suitable for causing electrical contact to be main tained between said conductor and said atrium, and where said catheter curve-holding means further includes torsion means for maintaining an axial restoring torque on said catheter at said end to encourage said curve to be planar.
- Electrode apparatus as recited in claim 1 and wherein said catheter curve-holding means is made of rubber.
- Electrode apparatus as recited in claim 1 and wherein said catheter curve-holding means is made of polyethylene.
- Electrode apparatus as recited in claim 1 and wherein said catheter curve-holding means is made of polyurethane.
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10183670A | 1970-12-28 | 1970-12-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3729008A true US3729008A (en) | 1973-04-24 |
Family
ID=22286662
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00101836A Expired - Lifetime US3729008A (en) | 1970-12-28 | 1970-12-28 | Electrode for atrial pacing with curved end for atrial wall engagement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3729008A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS558180B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2142983A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1337670A (en) |
NL (1) | NL169822C (en) |
Cited By (68)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3804098A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1974-04-16 | Medronic Inc | Body implantable lead |
US3890977A (en) * | 1974-03-01 | 1975-06-24 | Bruce C Wilson | Kinetic memory electrodes, catheters and cannulae |
US3939843A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1976-02-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transvenous electrode |
US3949757A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1976-04-13 | Sabel George H | Catheter for atrio-ventricular pacemaker |
US4057067A (en) * | 1976-04-06 | 1977-11-08 | Lajos Thomas Z | Atrioventricular electrode |
US4136703A (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-01-30 | Vitatron Medical B.V. | Atrial lead and method of inserting same |
US4176659A (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1979-12-04 | Peter Rolfe | Catheter with measurement electrodes |
US4285347A (en) * | 1979-07-25 | 1981-08-25 | Cordis Corporation | Stabilized directional neural electrode lead |
EP0044688A1 (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-01-27 | Philip O.(deceased) legally represented by Bates H. Richard Littleford | Electrode for endocardial insertion |
US4351345A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1982-09-28 | Carney Andrew L | Methods of securing electrodes to the heart |
US4357947A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-11-09 | Littleford Philip O | Electrode and method for endocardial atrial pacing |
US4394866A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1983-07-26 | Research Corporation | S-A Node helical lead for atrial pacemakers and method of placement |
US4401126A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1983-08-30 | Bertil Reenstierna | Endocardial, implantable lead for pacemaker |
US4402328A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1983-09-06 | Telectronics Pty. Limited | Crista terminalis atrial electrode lead |
US4454888A (en) * | 1981-10-07 | 1984-06-19 | Cordis Corporation | Cardiac pacing lead with curve retainer |
US4458677A (en) * | 1979-09-19 | 1984-07-10 | Mccorkle Jr Charles E | Intravenous channel cardiac electrode and lead assembly and method |
US4467817A (en) * | 1981-04-20 | 1984-08-28 | Cordis Corporation | Small diameter lead with introducing assembly |
US4543090A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1985-09-24 | Mccoy William C | Steerable and aimable catheter |
FR2564322A1 (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-11-22 | Lefebvre Jean Marie | Intracardiac electrode |
US4601705A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1986-07-22 | Mccoy William C | Steerable and aimable catheter |
US4624265A (en) * | 1985-07-24 | 1986-11-25 | Ge. Sv. In. S.R.L. | Electro-catheter used in physiological cardiac stimulation simulative of the auriculo-ventricular sequence, featuring active engagement of the cardiac muscle |
EP0206248A1 (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-12-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Epicardial electrode arrangements and system for applying electrical energy to a human heart |
DE3049652C2 (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1987-06-04 | Bertil Reenstierna | Endocardial, implantable lead for pacemakers |
WO1987004355A1 (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-07-30 | Westmed Pty. Ltd. | Epicardiac pacing lead |
US4777951A (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-10-18 | Mansfield Scientific, Inc. | Procedure and catheter instrument for treating patients for aortic stenosis |
US4856529A (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1989-08-15 | Cardiometrics, Inc. | Ultrasonic pulmonary artery catheter and method |
US4869248A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1989-09-26 | Narula Onkar S | Method and apparatus for localized thermal ablation |
US4934340A (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1990-06-19 | Hemo Laser Corporation | Device for guiding medical catheters and scopes |
US4944727A (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1990-07-31 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Variable shape guide apparatus |
US5052407A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1991-10-01 | Mieczyslaw Mirowski | Cardiac defibrillation/cardioversion spiral patch electrode |
US5055101A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1991-10-08 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Variable shape guide apparatus |
US5058586A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1991-10-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Catheter for implantation in the heart, having an integrated measuring probe |
US5067957A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1991-11-26 | Raychem Corporation | Method of inserting medical devices incorporating SIM alloy elements |
US5090956A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1992-02-25 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Catheter with memory element-controlled steering |
US5114402A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1992-05-19 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Spring-biased tip assembly |
US5144960A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1992-09-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transvenous defibrillation lead and method of use |
US5165403A (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-11-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Difibrillation lead system and method of use |
US5190546A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1993-03-02 | Raychem Corporation | Medical devices incorporating SIM alloy elements |
US5231989A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1993-08-03 | Raychem Corporation | Steerable cannula |
EP0635280A1 (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-01-25 | Pacesetter AB | Device for making an electrode |
US5405374A (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1995-04-11 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transvenous defibrillation lead and method of use |
US5609621A (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-03-11 | Medtronic, Inc. | Right ventricular outflow tract defibrillation lead |
US5611777A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1997-03-18 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Steerable electrode catheter |
US5683445A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-11-04 | Swoyer; John M. | Medical electrical lead |
US5728178A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1998-03-17 | The Ohio State University | Guide tube for gastrostomy tube placement |
EP0839547A1 (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1998-05-06 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Steerable catheter with fixed curve |
US5755761A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1998-05-26 | Pharmatarget, Inc. | Atrial pacing catheter and method having multiple electrodes in the right atrium and coronary sinus |
US5810790A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-09-22 | Ebling; Wendell V. | Catheter with viewing system and port connector |
US5871530A (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1999-02-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Intracardiac defibrillation leads |
US5922014A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-07-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Single pass lead and method of use |
US5999858A (en) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-12-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Medical electrical lead |
US6083150A (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-07-04 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Endoscopic multiple sample biopsy forceps |
US20040215307A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2004-10-28 | Koen Michels | Medical lead designs for lead placement through tissue |
US20060161206A1 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-07-20 | Efimov Igor R | Method for low-voltage termination of cardiac arrhythmias by effectively unpinning anatomical reentries |
WO2008063498A1 (en) | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-29 | Washington University Of St. Louis | Cardiac pacing using the inferior nodal extension |
US20090105655A1 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-23 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Access port using shape altering anchor |
US20090204164A1 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-08-13 | Efimov Igor R | Method and device for low-energy termination of atrial tachyarrhythmias |
US20100198257A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2010-08-05 | Joshua Stopek | Bioactive Substance in a Barbed Suture |
US20100204730A1 (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2010-08-12 | Nicholas Maiorino | Knotted Suture End Effector |
US20100204729A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-08-12 | Ahmad Robert Hadba | Tapered Looped Suture |
US20100211097A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2010-08-19 | Ahmad Robert Hadba | Compound Barb Medical Device and Method |
US20100211098A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2010-08-19 | Ahmad Robert Hadba | Compound Barb Medical Device and Method |
US8206291B2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2012-06-26 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Portal device |
US8473051B1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2013-06-25 | Cardialen, Inc. | Low-energy atrial cardioversion therapy with controllable pulse-shaped waveforms |
US8560066B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2013-10-15 | Washington University | Method and device for three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy |
US8874208B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2014-10-28 | The Washington University | Methods and devices for three-stage ventricular therapy |
US9636504B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2017-05-02 | Galvani, Ltd. | Arrhythmia electrotheraphy device and method with provisions for mitigating patient discomfort |
US10905884B2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2021-02-02 | Cardialen, Inc. | Multi-stage atrial cardioversion therapy leads |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4374527A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1983-02-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Body stimulation lead |
US4386615A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1983-06-07 | Edgar Sowton | Electrodes for cardiac pacemakers |
JPS5863488A (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1983-04-15 | Tokyo Juki Ind Co Ltd | Paper feeder for printer |
Citations (6)
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FR707333A (en) * | 1930-10-14 | 1931-07-07 | Indwelling catheter | |
US2118631A (en) * | 1935-04-03 | 1938-05-24 | Wappler Frederick Charles | Catheter stylet |
US3348548A (en) * | 1965-04-26 | 1967-10-24 | William M Chardack | Implantable electrode with stiffening stylet |
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US3485234A (en) * | 1966-04-13 | 1969-12-23 | Cordis Corp | Tubular products and method of making same |
US3516412A (en) * | 1965-08-16 | 1970-06-23 | Electro Catheter Corp | Bipolar electrode having irregularity at inserting end thereof and method of insertion |
-
1970
- 1970-12-28 US US00101836A patent/US3729008A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1971
- 1971-08-23 DE DE19712142983 patent/DE2142983A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1971-10-13 NL NLAANVRAGE7114035,A patent/NL169822C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-10-26 GB GB4971671A patent/GB1337670A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-12-27 JP JP10556871A patent/JPS558180B1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
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US3516412A (en) * | 1965-08-16 | 1970-06-23 | Electro Catheter Corp | Bipolar electrode having irregularity at inserting end thereof and method of insertion |
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Cited By (111)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3804098A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1974-04-16 | Medronic Inc | Body implantable lead |
US3890977A (en) * | 1974-03-01 | 1975-06-24 | Bruce C Wilson | Kinetic memory electrodes, catheters and cannulae |
US3939843A (en) * | 1974-03-04 | 1976-02-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transvenous electrode |
US3949757A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1976-04-13 | Sabel George H | Catheter for atrio-ventricular pacemaker |
US4057067A (en) * | 1976-04-06 | 1977-11-08 | Lajos Thomas Z | Atrioventricular electrode |
US4176659A (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1979-12-04 | Peter Rolfe | Catheter with measurement electrodes |
US4136703A (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-01-30 | Vitatron Medical B.V. | Atrial lead and method of inserting same |
US4351345A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1982-09-28 | Carney Andrew L | Methods of securing electrodes to the heart |
DE3049652C2 (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1987-06-04 | Bertil Reenstierna | Endocardial, implantable lead for pacemakers |
US4285347A (en) * | 1979-07-25 | 1981-08-25 | Cordis Corporation | Stabilized directional neural electrode lead |
US4458677A (en) * | 1979-09-19 | 1984-07-10 | Mccorkle Jr Charles E | Intravenous channel cardiac electrode and lead assembly and method |
EP0044688A1 (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-01-27 | Philip O.(deceased) legally represented by Bates H. Richard Littleford | Electrode for endocardial insertion |
US4357947A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-11-09 | Littleford Philip O | Electrode and method for endocardial atrial pacing |
US4401127A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1983-08-30 | Littleford Philip O | Stable electrodes for endocardial pacing |
US4394866A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1983-07-26 | Research Corporation | S-A Node helical lead for atrial pacemakers and method of placement |
US4401126A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1983-08-30 | Bertil Reenstierna | Endocardial, implantable lead for pacemaker |
US4467817A (en) * | 1981-04-20 | 1984-08-28 | Cordis Corporation | Small diameter lead with introducing assembly |
US4402328A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1983-09-06 | Telectronics Pty. Limited | Crista terminalis atrial electrode lead |
US4454888A (en) * | 1981-10-07 | 1984-06-19 | Cordis Corporation | Cardiac pacing lead with curve retainer |
US5067957A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1991-11-26 | Raychem Corporation | Method of inserting medical devices incorporating SIM alloy elements |
US5190546A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1993-03-02 | Raychem Corporation | Medical devices incorporating SIM alloy elements |
US5597378A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1997-01-28 | Raychem Corporation | Medical devices incorporating SIM alloy elements |
US6306141B1 (en) | 1983-10-14 | 2001-10-23 | Medtronic, Inc. | Medical devices incorporating SIM alloy elements |
US5090956A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1992-02-25 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Catheter with memory element-controlled steering |
US4601705A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1986-07-22 | Mccoy William C | Steerable and aimable catheter |
US5055101A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1991-10-08 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Variable shape guide apparatus |
US5114402A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1992-05-19 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Spring-biased tip assembly |
US4543090A (en) * | 1983-10-31 | 1985-09-24 | Mccoy William C | Steerable and aimable catheter |
FR2564322A1 (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-11-22 | Lefebvre Jean Marie | Intracardiac electrode |
US4856529A (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1989-08-15 | Cardiometrics, Inc. | Ultrasonic pulmonary artery catheter and method |
EP0206248A1 (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-12-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Epicardial electrode arrangements and system for applying electrical energy to a human heart |
US4624265A (en) * | 1985-07-24 | 1986-11-25 | Ge. Sv. In. S.R.L. | Electro-catheter used in physiological cardiac stimulation simulative of the auriculo-ventricular sequence, featuring active engagement of the cardiac muscle |
WO1987004355A1 (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-07-30 | Westmed Pty. Ltd. | Epicardiac pacing lead |
US4944727A (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1990-07-31 | Catheter Research, Inc. | Variable shape guide apparatus |
US4777951A (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-10-18 | Mansfield Scientific, Inc. | Procedure and catheter instrument for treating patients for aortic stenosis |
US4869248A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1989-09-26 | Narula Onkar S | Method and apparatus for localized thermal ablation |
US5058586A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1991-10-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Catheter for implantation in the heart, having an integrated measuring probe |
US5052407A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1991-10-01 | Mieczyslaw Mirowski | Cardiac defibrillation/cardioversion spiral patch electrode |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2142983A1 (en) | 1972-07-20 |
GB1337670A (en) | 1973-11-21 |
NL169822C (en) | 1982-09-01 |
NL169822B (en) | 1982-04-01 |
NL7114035A (en) | 1972-06-30 |
JPS558180B1 (en) | 1980-03-03 |
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