US2498714A - Selenium rectifier - Google Patents
Selenium rectifier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2498714A US2498714A US687873A US68787346A US2498714A US 2498714 A US2498714 A US 2498714A US 687873 A US687873 A US 687873A US 68787346 A US68787346 A US 68787346A US 2498714 A US2498714 A US 2498714A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- selenium
- coating
- plate
- electrode
- counter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000634 wood's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
- D03C1/00—Dobbies
- D03C1/14—Features common to dobbies of different types
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/14—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to a sulfur, selenium or tellurium atom of a saccharide radical
- C07H15/16—Lincomycin; Derivatives thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/08—Preparation of the foundation plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
- D03C2700/00—Shedding mechanisms
- D03C2700/01—Shedding mechanisms using heald frames
- D03C2700/0127—Programme-controlled heald frame movement
- D03C2700/0177—Devices for levelling the heald frames; Coupling and uncoupling the drive for the heald frames; Devices for holding the shed open
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrically asymmetric devices such as rectiners, photoelectric cells and thermo-couples of the dry contact type and more particularly to those using a coating of selenium for the semi-conducting layer.
- Selenium coated elements such as are ordinarily used for rect.rs, photoelectric cells and thermo-couples usually comprise a metal base plate which may be of iron, steel or aluminium, the surface of which is suitably prepared to receive a semi-conducting layer and may be coated with another substance such as nickel.
- a layer or coating of semi-conducting material such as selenium or a compound containing selenium is spread over the surface of such a base plate, for example. by fusingthe material or condensing the vapour thereof or by compressing a layer of powdered material at elevated temperature. It has also been known to provide such a layer by electro-deposition.
- a base plate, so coated, is then ordinarily treated further by heat to produce the proper crystal structure in the selenium or compound and may be given a further treatment to adapt it as a rectifier or a photoelectric cell.
- a counter electrode may be applied over the surfaceof the layer, for example, by spraying it with a ⁇ conducting substance such as Woods metal and it may then be given an electro-forming treatment by the application of a 'voltage between the base plate and counter-electrode.
- the metal base plate may be dispensed with and the element may be stiffened or reinforced by means of a nonconducting or electrically inert material such as Another feature of the invention consists. in a dry contact type electrically asymmetric element comprising a non-conducting material with wholly embedded in or impregnated with semi-conducting material with which two electrodes make contact.
- the element may be supported and aillxed. It may also be desirable that one or both of the electrodes extend over one ⁇ or more such projections to facilitate electrical connection thereto.
- Fig..l is a sectional view of an element according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of an element according to another embodiment of the invention and Fig. 3 is a plan view of an element.
- I is a plate of non-conducting material, such as ceramic, of suitable size and shape.
- 2 is a nickel or zinc coating applied to the surface of plate I by electro-plating or other suitable means and which extends over the edges 5, 5' of the plate for a purpose to be described later.
- a layer 3 of semi-conductor such as selenium is applied to the surface of 2 in well known manner and treated by heat or heat and pressure to bring it to the right state of conductivity.
- a counterelectrode 4 of low melting-point alloy is applied to the surface of 3. Electrical contact may be made to the element at the edges 5, 5' of the plate and the surface of the counter electrode l.
- the nickel coating 2 may be applied also to the back side 6 of the plate I to assist in making electrical contact therewith.
- a perforated ceramic plate I0 is encased in selenium II by dipping, for example, in molten selenium at a controlled temperature such that the viscosity of the liquid allows surplus selenium to draw off leaving a thin continuous skin over the ceramic, the perforations of which are also filled with selenium. Suitable heat or heat and pressure treatments are applied to bring the selenium to the required state of conductivity.
- a counter electrode I2 of low melting point alloy, such as Woods metal is applied by spraying.
- the ele- 55 ment so formed may be subjected to an electr@- forming process to improve its rectifying properties.
- FIG. 3 an element is shown of similar general construction to that in Fig. 2 but with the addition of a supporting limb 2i and two contact limbs 22, 23, these three limbs being part of the perforated ceramic plate 20.
- the plate 20 is dipped in molten selenium as far as the line A-A.
- the back electrode 24, extends down the back o! the limb 22 while the counter-electrode extends down the front oi limb 23 so that electrical contact may be -made to the elements through 22 and 23 while limb 2
- the three limbs 2l, 22, 23, may be combined with one limb. in an obvious manner.
- the supporting limb 2i may be dispensed with and the element may be supported from 2.2 or 23 which may contain holes or insertstherefore or for connection purposes.
- the perforated plate ill in Fig. 2 or the plate 20 in Fig. A3 may conveniently be replaced by woven or otherwise porous material, il desired, capable of being impregnated by selenium sufficiently to form a continuous semi-conductor from the back-electrode to the counter-electrode.
- a selenium rectifier element that comprises a perforate ceramic supporting member, selenium coating said member and illling the perio- 4 rations thereof, a metallic bath electrode overlying and making contact with a ilrst part of the selenium coating and a counter-electrode overlying and making electrical contact with another and second part of said selenium coating.
- a 'selenium rectifier element that comprises a foraminous ceramic plate ot substantially regular outline having an outwardly extending supyporting lug integrally formed therewith, a coating of selenium on said member filling the openings therein, a back electrode overlying a tlrst portion of the selenium coating and making electrical contact therewith and a counter-electrode overlying a second and dverent portion of the selenium coating in electrical contact therewith.
Description
Feb. 2s, l195o A, M SERLE 2,498,714
SELENIUM RECTIFIER Filed Aug. 2` 1946 INVENTOR ARTHU M. SEA/W E L (MM ATTORNEY menaa Feb. 2s, 195o l SELENIUM nEcmTEa Arthur Mackenzie Searle, London, England, alsignor to International Standard Electric Corporation, New York, N. Y.
Application August 2, 1946, Serial No. 687.873
In Great Britain July 20, 1945 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires July 20. 1965 2 Claims. l
This invention relates to electrically asymmetric devices such as rectiners, photoelectric cells and thermo-couples of the dry contact type and more particularly to those using a coating of selenium for the semi-conducting layer.
Selenium coated elements such as are ordinarily used for rectiilers, photoelectric cells and thermo-couples usually comprise a metal base plate which may be of iron, steel or aluminium, the surface of which is suitably prepared to receive a semi-conducting layer and may be coated with another substance such as nickel. A layer or coating of semi-conducting material such as selenium or a compound containing selenium is spread over the surface of such a base plate, for example. by fusingthe material or condensing the vapour thereof or by compressing a layer of powdered material at elevated temperature. It has also been known to provide such a layer by electro-deposition. A base plate, so coated, is then ordinarily treated further by heat to produce the proper crystal structure in the selenium or compound and may be given a further treatment to adapt it as a rectifier or a photoelectric cell. For instancea counter electrode may be applied over the surfaceof the layer, for example, by spraying it with a`conducting substance such as Woods metal and it may then be given an electro-forming treatment by the application of a 'voltage between the base plate and counter-electrode.` According to the invention the metal base plate may be dispensed with and the element may be stiffened or reinforced by means of a nonconducting or electrically inert material such as Another feature of the invention consists. in a dry contact type electrically asymmetric element comprising a non-conducting material with wholly embedded in or impregnated with semi-conducting material with which two electrodes make contact.
` or projections whereby the element may be supported and aillxed. It may also be desirable that one or both of the electrodes extend over one` or more such projections to facilitate electrical connection thereto.
These and other features of the invention will be more clearly understood from the following description which taken in conjunction with the drawings, particularly describes and ascertains the nature of the invention.
In the drawings Fig..l is a sectional view of an element according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of an element according to another embodiment of the invention and Fig. 3 is a plan view of an element. Referring now to Fig. l, I is a plate of non-conducting material, such as ceramic, of suitable size and shape. 2 is a nickel or zinc coating applied to the surface of plate I by electro-plating or other suitable means and which extends over the edges 5, 5' of the plate for a purpose to be described later. A layer 3 of semi-conductor such as selenium is applied to the surface of 2 in well known manner and treated by heat or heat and pressure to bring it to the right state of conductivity. A counterelectrode 4 of low melting-point alloy is applied to the surface of 3. Electrical contact may be made to the element at the edges 5, 5' of the plate and the surface of the counter electrode l. If desired, the nickel coating 2 may be applied also to the back side 6 of the plate I to assist in making electrical contact therewith.
In Figure 2 a perforated ceramic plate I0 is encased in selenium II by dipping, for example, in molten selenium at a controlled temperature such that the viscosity of the liquid allows surplus selenium to draw off leaving a thin continuous skin over the ceramic, the perforations of which are also filled with selenium. Suitable heat or heat and pressure treatments are applied to bring the selenium to the required state of conductivity. A metal back electrode I3, formed of, say, nickel, zinc, copper, aluminium or any alloy thereof, is applied to one side of the plate by, for instance, spraying or vapourising. If 'desired, this operation may be performed before the heat and pressure treatments before mentioned. On the other side of the plate a counter electrode I2 of low melting point alloy, such as Woods metal, is applied by spraying. The ele- 55 ment so formed may be subjected to an electr@- forming process to improve its rectifying properties.
In Fig. 3 an element is shown of similar general construction to that in Fig. 2 but with the addition of a supporting limb 2i and two contact limbs 22, 23, these three limbs being part of the perforated ceramic plate 20. The plate 20 is dipped in molten selenium as far as the line A-A. The back electrode 24, extends down the back o! the limb 22 while the counter-electrode extends down the front oi limb 23 so that electrical contact may be -made to the elements through 22 and 23 while limb 2| may be used solely for supporting the element. If desired, however, the three limbs 2l, 22, 23, may be combined with one limb. in an obvious manner. with the back electrode extending down one side and the counter-electrode extending' down the other4 side. Furthermore the supporting limb 2i may be dispensed with and the element may be supported from 2.2 or 23 which may contain holes or insertstherefore or for connection purposes.
The perforated plate ill in Fig. 2 or the plate 20 in Fig. A3 may conveniently be replaced by woven or otherwise porous material, il desired, capable of being impregnated by selenium sufficiently to form a continuous semi-conductor from the back-electrode to the counter-electrode.
What is claimed is:
1. A selenium rectifier element that comprises a perforate ceramic supporting member, selenium coating said member and illling the perio- 4 rations thereof, a metallic bath electrode overlying and making contact with a ilrst part of the selenium coating and a counter-electrode overlying and making electrical contact with another and second part of said selenium coating. 2. A 'selenium rectifier element that comprises a foraminous ceramic plate ot substantially regular outline having an outwardly extending supyporting lug integrally formed therewith, a coating of selenium on said member filling the openings therein, a back electrode overlying a tlrst portion of the selenium coating and making electrical contact therewith and a counter-electrode overlying a second and diilerent portion of the selenium coating in electrical contact therewith.
ARTHUR MACKENZIE SEARLE REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
Claims (1)
1. A SELENIUM RECTIFIER ELEMENT THAT COMPRISES A PERFORATE CERAMIC SUPPORTING MEMBER, SELENIUM COATING SAID MEMBER AND FILLING THE PERFORATIONS THEREOF, A METALLIC BATH ELECTRODE OVERLYING AND MAKING CONTACT WITH A FIRST PART OF THE SELENIUM COATING AND A COUNTER-ELECTRODE OVERLYING AND MAKING ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH ANOTHER AND SECON PART OF SAID SELENIUM COATING.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB18643/45A GB596347A (en) | 1945-07-20 | Improvements in or relating to selenium rectifiers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2498714A true US2498714A (en) | 1950-02-28 |
Family
ID=10115976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US687873A Expired - Lifetime US2498714A (en) | 1945-07-20 | 1946-08-02 | Selenium rectifier |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2498714A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE471112A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES175188A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR934175A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL136682C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2697188A (en) * | 1954-12-14 | Selenium rectifier | ||
| US2804580A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-08-27 | Visseaux S A J | Unidirectionally conducting elements |
| US3234440A (en) * | 1959-12-30 | 1966-02-08 | Ibm | Semiconductor device fabrication |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1678826A (en) * | 1927-04-26 | 1928-07-31 | Ruben Rectifier Corp | Electric-current rectifier |
| US1745175A (en) * | 1925-10-22 | 1930-01-28 | Lilienfeld Julius Edgar | Method and apparatus for controlling electric currents |
| FR783646A (en) * | 1935-01-03 | 1935-07-17 | Improvement in barrier layer photocells | |
| US2412692A (en) * | 1941-06-25 | 1946-12-17 | B L Electric Mfg Company | Method of forming selenium coated base plates |
-
0
- NL NL136682D patent/NL136682C/xx active
- BE BE471112D patent/BE471112A/xx unknown
-
1946
- 1946-08-02 US US687873A patent/US2498714A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1946-10-04 ES ES0175188A patent/ES175188A1/en not_active Expired
- 1946-10-04 FR FR934175D patent/FR934175A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1745175A (en) * | 1925-10-22 | 1930-01-28 | Lilienfeld Julius Edgar | Method and apparatus for controlling electric currents |
| US1678826A (en) * | 1927-04-26 | 1928-07-31 | Ruben Rectifier Corp | Electric-current rectifier |
| FR783646A (en) * | 1935-01-03 | 1935-07-17 | Improvement in barrier layer photocells | |
| US2412692A (en) * | 1941-06-25 | 1946-12-17 | B L Electric Mfg Company | Method of forming selenium coated base plates |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2697188A (en) * | 1954-12-14 | Selenium rectifier | ||
| US2804580A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-08-27 | Visseaux S A J | Unidirectionally conducting elements |
| US3234440A (en) * | 1959-12-30 | 1966-02-08 | Ibm | Semiconductor device fabrication |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL136682C (en) | |
| FR934175A (en) | 1948-05-13 |
| ES175188A1 (en) | 1946-11-16 |
| BE471112A (en) |
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