US20070222301A1 - Methods and apparatus for charging a battery in a peripheral device - Google Patents

Methods and apparatus for charging a battery in a peripheral device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070222301A1
US20070222301A1 US11/754,932 US75493207A US2007222301A1 US 20070222301 A1 US20070222301 A1 US 20070222301A1 US 75493207 A US75493207 A US 75493207A US 2007222301 A1 US2007222301 A1 US 2007222301A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
battery
power
voltage
circuit
volts
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Abandoned
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US11/754,932
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Anthony Fadell
Christoph Krah
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Apple Inc
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Apple Inc
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Priority to US11/754,932 priority Critical patent/US20070222301A1/en
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Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
    • G06F1/325—Power saving in peripheral device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/266—Arrangements to supply power to external peripherals either directly from the computer or under computer control, e.g. supply of power through the communication port, computer controlled power-strips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/001—Hot plugging or unplugging of load or power modules to or from power distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/06—Two-wire systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/30—Charge provided using DC bus or data bus of a computer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to computing systems. Specifically, a method and apparatus for managing power delivered by way of a FireWire cable to a battery operated peripheral device.
  • FireWire is an IEEE1394 compliant High Performance Serial Bus that provides two types of data transfer: asynchronous and isochronous.
  • Asynchronous is for traditional load-and-store applications where data transfer can be initiated and an application interrupted as a given length of data arrives in a buffer.
  • Isochronous data transfer ensures that data flows at a pre-set rate so that an application can handle it in a timed way while providing the bandwidth needed for audio, imaging, video, and other streaming data.
  • Isochronous service means it guarantees latency or the length of time between a requested action and when the resulting action occurs which is a critical feature in supporting real time video, for example.
  • FireWire provides a high-speed serial bus with data transfer rates of 100, 200, or 400 Mbps as well as a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 63 devices can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps (megabits per second).
  • FireWire offers a standard, simple connection to all types of consumer electronics, including digital audio devices, digital VCRs and digital video cameras; as well as to traditional computer peripherals such as optical drives and hard disk drives.
  • the standard FireWire cable consists of six wires in which data is sent via two separately-shielded twisted pair transmission lines that are crossed in each cable assembly to create a transmit-receive connection. Two more wires carry power (8 to 28 v, 1.5 A max.) to remote devices.
  • a 4 conductor FireWire cable is used (configured as the 6 wire cable but without the power wires) that terminate in smaller, 4 prong connectors.
  • an adapter cable is required having 4 prongs on one side and 6 on the other. In this way, the data lines are connected while omitting the power connection.
  • an apparatus in one embodiment, includes at least a circuit, a battery, a port that includes a power line and serial data line, and a power management unit, coupled to the circuit, the battery, and the port.
  • the power management unit contains instructions that when executed by the power management unit: (i) powers the circuit with the battery if the power line does not provide power; and (ii) powers the circuit and charges the battery with power provided by the power line if the power line provides power to the apparatus.
  • a method for providing power to a circuit contained within a portable device from either a battery contained in the device or an external power source when plugged into a port configured to receive both power and data at the device is carried out by performing at least the following operations.
  • Ascertaining if the external power source is plugged into the port of the device and either: providing power to the circuit from the battery when the external power source is not plugged into the device, or providing power from the external power source to the circuit and the battery used to at least recharge the battery when the external power source is plugged into the device and when the output of the battery is below a supply voltage by more than a threshold, or providing power from the external power source only to the circuit when the external power source is plugged into the device and the output of the battery is within the threshold of the supply voltage.
  • a battery powered device in still another embodiment, includes at least a rechargeable battery, a serial port that interfaces with a serial bus cable for transmitting data to or from the device that includes a plurality of data pins and at least a power pin, a voltage sensor that senses a voltage on the power pin, and a battery charging circuit that draws a charging current through the power pin of the serial port to charge the battery when the battery is substantially uncharged.
  • a method for charging a battery of a peripheral device is described. The method is carried out by performing at least the following operations: inserting a serial bus cable into a serial port of the peripheral device, the serial port comprising a power pin and a plurality of data pins through which data can be transmitted to or from the peripheral device, sensing that the voltage at the power pin of the serial port is above a selected threshold, and drawing a charge current through the power pin of the serial port to charge the battery of the peripheral device.
  • Another embodiment describes a system that includes a battery powered device having a rechargeable battery and a battery charging circuit, and a serial bus cable coupled to the battery powered device where the serial bus cable includes at least a power transmission line and a plurality of data transmission lines and can transmit data to or from the battery powered device over the data transmission lines.
  • the battery charging circuit of the battery powered device draws a charging current through the power transmission line of the serial bus cable if the rechargeable battery is not fully charged.
  • a method for managing power delivered to a battery-operated peripheral device by way of a cable that includes a number of lines at least one of which is a power line arranged to carry electrical power from an electrical supply to the device is also described.
  • the method includes at least the following operations: detecting a status for the device, wherein the status is based on whether a first condition relating to a battery in the device has occurred and whether a second condition relating to connection of the cable to the electrical supply has occurred, drawing electrical power from the electrical supply at a first current if the device has a first status, and drawing electrical power from the electrical supply at a second current level if the device has a second status.
  • a portable consumer electronic product includes a sensor unit arranged to detect a status for the device, wherein the status is based on whether a first condition relating to a battery in the device has occurred and whether a second condition relating to connection of the cable to the electrical supply has occurred, and a switchover circuit arranged to draw electrical power from the electrical supply at a first current if the device has a first status, and to draw electrical power from the electrical supply at a second current level if the device has a second status.
  • FIG. 1A shows a power manager unit with a fully discharged battery coupled to an active FireWire cable in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1B shows the power manager unit of FIG. 1A where the battery is fully charged in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1C shows the power manager unit of FIG. 1B where the FireWire cable of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is fully charged.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is full and the Fire Wire is unplugged in two separate scenarios.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is plugged.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is unplugged.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is plugged.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is unplugged.
  • a method and apparatus for supplying power to the device that can be used to either operate the device of charge the device's battery are described.
  • various power signals on a FireWire data bus coupled to the device provide for operating the device and/or charging the device's internal battery over a prescribed range of supply voltages.
  • the apparatus includes a built in surge suppression unit as well as a FireWire power/battery switchover unit to ensure that a stable and reliable power supply is provided the device. In this way, additional power connectors are substantially eliminated thereby saving product cost and reducing product size.
  • FireWire peripheral power management unit suitable for supplying power to any FireWire compatible device.
  • Such devices include, for example, personal digital assistants, personal MP3 player/recorders, and the like.
  • FIG. 1A shows a power manager unit 100 with a fully discharged battery coupled to an active FireWire cable in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the power manager unit 100 includes an input current limiter 102 for suppressing a power surge caused by a FireWire cable insertion event related to voltage transients (i.e., ground bounce) associated with an insertion of a powered FireWire cable 104 to an input port 106 .
  • a FireWire cable insertion event related to voltage transients (i.e., ground bounce) associated with an insertion of a powered FireWire cable 104 to an input port 106 .
  • this phenomenon is only applicable to those peripheral devices capable of receiving a FireWire cable having a power wire included therein (such as a six prong type FireWire cable).
  • the input current limiter 102 is, in turn, coupled to a voltage converter unit 108 having an output 108 ′ arranged to convert a received external voltage V ext (in the form of a FireWire voltage V FW having a range of between 8 volts and 28 volts provided by the FireWire cable 104 ) to a supply voltage V cc provided to a main bus 110 .
  • V ext in the form of a FireWire voltage V FW having a range of between 8 volts and 28 volts provided by the FireWire cable 104
  • V cc can be approximately 1.8 volts, approximately 3.3 volts, or approximately 5.0 volts each of which is suitable for driving an active circuit 112 included in a battery operated peripheral device 113 .
  • the voltage converter unit 108 is coupled to a voltage sensor 114 arranged to provide a voltage signal V sig to a comparator unit 116 .
  • the comparator unit 116 based upon the voltage signal V sig , provides a switchover signal V switch to a switchover circuit 118 .
  • the comparator unit 116 provides a first switchover signal V switch1 to the switchover circuit 118 .
  • the switchover circuit 118 responds to the first switchover signal V switch1 by connecting the main bus 110 to the active circuit 112 (and thereby the supply voltage V cc ) and to a battery 120 when the battery 120 is substantially uncharged so as to provide a charging current to the battery 120 .
  • the comparator circuit 116 sends a second switchover signal V switch2 that causes the switchover circuit 118 to disconnect the battery 120 from the main bus 110 so as to avoid overcharging the battery 120 .
  • the voltage signal V sig is below the voltage threshold V th to which the comparator circuit 116 responds by providing a third switchover signal V switch3 to the switchover circuit 118 .
  • the switchover circuit 118 responds to the third switchover signal V switch3 by disconnecting the main bus 110 from the active circuit 112 and connecting the battery 120 in such a manner as to provide a substantially uninterrupted supply voltage V cc to the active circuit 112 .
  • the switchover circuit 118 includes a comparator 202 that helps to ensure a smooth transition from battery to FireWire power and vice versa.
  • the switch over circuit 118 ensures that the voltage on the main supply bus 110 (VCC_MAIN) doesn't drop below a pre-determined minimum voltage V min (at which point a reset signal is typically provided). Accordingly, the FireWire voltage converter 108 switches in/out when the voltage on the main bus 110 (V cc MAIN) has risen/dropped above/below V min .
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is full and the FireWire is plugged in.
  • the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 reaches its destination voltage within 15 ms.
  • the comparator 202 disconnects battery power from the main supply bus 110 .
  • neither the battery 120 nor the FireWire voltage converter 108 supply power to VCC_MAIN 110 and the voltage on VCC_MAIN 110 will drop until either of the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting such that the voltage cannot drop below the voltage V MIN .
  • the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting, pulling the voltage on bus 110 up to a pre-set voltage drop V f below the destination output voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108 .
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is full and the FireWire is unplugged in two separate scenarios.
  • the voltage V VCC — MAIN is V f below the voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108 . Due to the system load, the output voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108 is going to drop rapidly as the voltage sensor 114 discharges into the main supply bus 110 .
  • the voltage at the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 is going to drop rapidly until the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting. At this point the voltage at the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 may or may not have not dropped below the switch over threshold Vswitch.
  • the comparator threshold has been crossed in which case, the battery 120 has to make up for the voltage V f .
  • the comparator threshold has not been crossed.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is plugged.
  • the battery is considered empty when it's voltage drops below 3.45V.
  • output 108 ′ increases. If output 108 ′ increases above V VCC — MAIN of 3.3V, the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting. The battery will be back fed from then on, until output 108 ′ reaches the switch over threshold.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is unplugged.
  • the voltage V VCC — MAIN on the main bus 110 is V f below the voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108 resulting in the output 108 ′ dropping off rapidly.
  • voltage converter 108 is going to back feed into the battery until output 108 ′ drops below a level where voltage sensor 114 loses conduction. If the latter occurs, output 108 ′ is going to be discharged much slower as it is disconnected from the rest of the system. It has to be noted that this particular scenario is very rare as the battery voltage recovers within short periods of time to a level that is above the 3.45V system shut down threshold.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is plugged.
  • V VCC — MAIN is initially approximately ground level and the battery charger circuit is disabled. If output 108 ′ charges up, V VCC — MAIN is approximately one diode forward voltage drop below output 108 ′.
  • a reset circuit keeps the system 100 in constant reset below voltages of 3.135V) thereby enabling a battery charger circuit.
  • battery charger circuit supply voltage has exceeded the lockout voltage of 4.1V, battery back feeding is prevented because the battery 120 is disconnected from the system 100 .
  • the battery charger is activated when it's supply voltage exceeds the under voltage lock out threshold of 4.1V.
  • the voltage at the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 must be one forward diode drop above the lock out voltage of the battery charger. Therefore, output 108 ′ has to rise above approximately 4.6V to activate the charger.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is unplugged.
  • the system 100 will run until VCC_MAIN drops rapidly below reset threshold voltage V reset,TH .
  • the battery disconnect circuitry disconnects the battery from the system 100 when the battery voltage drops below 3.1V to avoid deep discharge of the battery using a low voltage disconnect circuitry.

Abstract

A power manager for managing power delivered to a battery operated peripheral device is disclosed. The power manager includes an input current limiter arranged to suppress a power surge associated with an insertion event by a power cable arranged to provide an external voltage. A voltage converter unit coupled to the input current limiter converts the received external voltage to a supply voltage that is transmitted by way of a main bus to a voltage sensor unit coupled thereto. During the insertion event, a comparator unit coupled to the voltage sensor, sends a first switching signal to a switchover circuit that responds by connecting the peripheral device and an uncharged battery to the main bus such that the supply voltage is provided thereto. When the battery is substantially fully charged, the switchover circuit responds by electrically disconnecting the battery so as to not overcharge the battery.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/270,901 (Attorney Docket APL1P224C1) entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CHARGING A BATTERY IN A PERIPHERAL DEVICE,” filed Nov. 10, 2005, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/278,752 (Attorney Docket APL1P224) entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CHARGING A BATTERY IN A PERIPHERAL DEVICE” filed Oct. 22, 2002 and which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,995,963 on Feb. 27, 2006, which are incorporated herein by reference, and which, in turn, claim the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/345,253, entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CHARGING A BATTERY IN A PERIPHERAL DEVICE VIA A FIREWIRE CABLE” filed on Oct. 22, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of Invention
  • This invention relates generally to computing systems. Specifically, a method and apparatus for managing power delivered by way of a FireWire cable to a battery operated peripheral device.
  • 2. Description of Related Art
  • FireWire is an IEEE1394 compliant High Performance Serial Bus that provides two types of data transfer: asynchronous and isochronous. Asynchronous is for traditional load-and-store applications where data transfer can be initiated and an application interrupted as a given length of data arrives in a buffer. Isochronous data transfer ensures that data flows at a pre-set rate so that an application can handle it in a timed way while providing the bandwidth needed for audio, imaging, video, and other streaming data. Isochronous service means it guarantees latency or the length of time between a requested action and when the resulting action occurs which is a critical feature in supporting real time video, for example. FireWire provides a high-speed serial bus with data transfer rates of 100, 200, or 400 Mbps as well as a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 63 devices can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps (megabits per second). In this way, FireWire offers a standard, simple connection to all types of consumer electronics, including digital audio devices, digital VCRs and digital video cameras; as well as to traditional computer peripherals such as optical drives and hard disk drives.
  • The standard FireWire cable consists of six wires in which data is sent via two separately-shielded twisted pair transmission lines that are crossed in each cable assembly to create a transmit-receive connection. Two more wires carry power (8 to 28 v, 1.5 A max.) to remote devices. In some cases, such as with DV camcorders manufactured by the Sony Corporation of Japan, a 4 conductor FireWire cable is used (configured as the 6 wire cable but without the power wires) that terminate in smaller, 4 prong connectors. To connect a four prong device, such as the Sony DV camcorder with a standard IEE1394 FireWire device or interface card, an adapter cable is required having 4 prongs on one side and 6 on the other. In this way, the data lines are connected while omitting the power connection.
  • In those situations, however, when a battery operated six prong peripheral device is coupled to a FireWire cable, it is important for the power delivered to the device (typically 1.8 v, 3.3, or 5.0 v) to be both stable and reliable especially when the FireWire cable is either connected or disconnected.
  • Therefore, what is required is a method and apparatus for managing power delivered by way of a FireWire cable to a battery operated peripheral device.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to the present invention, methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed for managing power in a battery powered portable device is disclosed.
  • In one embodiment, an apparatus is described that includes at least a circuit, a battery, a port that includes a power line and serial data line, and a power management unit, coupled to the circuit, the battery, and the port. In the described embodiment, the power management unit contains instructions that when executed by the power management unit: (i) powers the circuit with the battery if the power line does not provide power; and (ii) powers the circuit and charges the battery with power provided by the power line if the power line provides power to the apparatus.
  • In another embodiment, a method for providing power to a circuit contained within a portable device from either a battery contained in the device or an external power source when plugged into a port configured to receive both power and data at the device, the method is carried out by performing at least the following operations. Ascertaining if the external power source is plugged into the port of the device, and either: providing power to the circuit from the battery when the external power source is not plugged into the device, or providing power from the external power source to the circuit and the battery used to at least recharge the battery when the external power source is plugged into the device and when the output of the battery is below a supply voltage by more than a threshold, or providing power from the external power source only to the circuit when the external power source is plugged into the device and the output of the battery is within the threshold of the supply voltage.
  • In still another embodiment, a battery powered device is described that includes at least a rechargeable battery, a serial port that interfaces with a serial bus cable for transmitting data to or from the device that includes a plurality of data pins and at least a power pin, a voltage sensor that senses a voltage on the power pin, and a battery charging circuit that draws a charging current through the power pin of the serial port to charge the battery when the battery is substantially uncharged.
  • In still another embodiment, a method for charging a battery of a peripheral device, is described. The method is carried out by performing at least the following operations: inserting a serial bus cable into a serial port of the peripheral device, the serial port comprising a power pin and a plurality of data pins through which data can be transmitted to or from the peripheral device, sensing that the voltage at the power pin of the serial port is above a selected threshold, and drawing a charge current through the power pin of the serial port to charge the battery of the peripheral device.
  • Another embodiment describes a system that includes a battery powered device having a rechargeable battery and a battery charging circuit, and a serial bus cable coupled to the battery powered device where the serial bus cable includes at least a power transmission line and a plurality of data transmission lines and can transmit data to or from the battery powered device over the data transmission lines. The battery charging circuit of the battery powered device draws a charging current through the power transmission line of the serial bus cable if the rechargeable battery is not fully charged.
  • A method for managing power delivered to a battery-operated peripheral device by way of a cable that includes a number of lines at least one of which is a power line arranged to carry electrical power from an electrical supply to the device is also described. The method includes at least the following operations: detecting a status for the device, wherein the status is based on whether a first condition relating to a battery in the device has occurred and whether a second condition relating to connection of the cable to the electrical supply has occurred, drawing electrical power from the electrical supply at a first current if the device has a first status, and drawing electrical power from the electrical supply at a second current level if the device has a second status.
  • A portable consumer electronic product includes a sensor unit arranged to detect a status for the device, wherein the status is based on whether a first condition relating to a battery in the device has occurred and whether a second condition relating to connection of the cable to the electrical supply has occurred, and a switchover circuit arranged to draw electrical power from the electrical supply at a first current if the device has a first status, and to draw electrical power from the electrical supply at a second current level if the device has a second status.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 1A shows a power manager unit with a fully discharged battery coupled to an active FireWire cable in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1B shows the power manager unit of FIG. 1A where the battery is fully charged in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1C shows the power manager unit of FIG. 1B where the FireWire cable of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is fully charged.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is full and the Fire Wire is unplugged in two separate scenarios.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is plugged.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is unplugged.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is plugged.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is unplugged.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED EMBODIMENTS
  • Reference will now be made in detail to a preferred embodiment of the invention. An example of the preferred embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with a preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
  • In a battery powered FireWire compatible device, a method and apparatus for supplying power to the device that can be used to either operate the device of charge the device's battery are described. In one embodiment, various power signals on a FireWire data bus coupled to the device, provide for operating the device and/or charging the device's internal battery over a prescribed range of supply voltages. In a particular embodiment, the apparatus includes a built in surge suppression unit as well as a FireWire power/battery switchover unit to ensure that a stable and reliable power supply is provided the device. In this way, additional power connectors are substantially eliminated thereby saving product cost and reducing product size.
  • The invention will now be described in terms a FireWire peripheral power management unit suitable for supplying power to any FireWire compatible device. Such devices include, for example, personal digital assistants, personal MP3 player/recorders, and the like.
  • Accordingly, FIG. 1A shows a power manager unit 100 with a fully discharged battery coupled to an active FireWire cable in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The power manager unit 100 includes an input current limiter 102 for suppressing a power surge caused by a FireWire cable insertion event related to voltage transients (i.e., ground bounce) associated with an insertion of a powered FireWire cable 104 to an input port 106. It should be noted, that this phenomenon is only applicable to those peripheral devices capable of receiving a FireWire cable having a power wire included therein (such as a six prong type FireWire cable). The input current limiter 102 is, in turn, coupled to a voltage converter unit 108 having an output 108′ arranged to convert a received external voltage Vext (in the form of a FireWire voltage VFW having a range of between 8 volts and 28 volts provided by the FireWire cable 104) to a supply voltage Vcc provided to a main bus 110. Typically, the supply voltage Vcc can be approximately 1.8 volts, approximately 3.3 volts, or approximately 5.0 volts each of which is suitable for driving an active circuit 112 included in a battery operated peripheral device 113.
  • In the described embodiment, the voltage converter unit 108 is coupled to a voltage sensor 114 arranged to provide a voltage signal Vsig to a comparator unit 116. The comparator unit 116, based upon the voltage signal Vsig, provides a switchover signal Vswitch to a switchover circuit 118. In those cases where the voltage signal Vsig is above a voltage threshold Vth (indicative of a FireWire insertion event having had occurred at the input port 106), the comparator unit 116 provides a first switchover signal Vswitch1 to the switchover circuit 118. The switchover circuit 118, in turn, responds to the first switchover signal Vswitch1 by connecting the main bus 110 to the active circuit 112 (and thereby the supply voltage Vcc) and to a battery 120 when the battery 120 is substantially uncharged so as to provide a charging current to the battery 120. As shown in FIG. 1B, in those cases where the battery 120 is substantially fully charged, the comparator circuit 116 sends a second switchover signal Vswitch2 that causes the switchover circuit 118 to disconnect the battery 120 from the main bus 110 so as to avoid overcharging the battery 120.
  • In those situations shown in FIG. 1C where the powered FireWire cable 104 has been disconnected from the port 106, the voltage signal Vsig is below the voltage threshold Vth to which the comparator circuit 116 responds by providing a third switchover signal Vswitch3 to the switchover circuit 118. The switchover circuit 118 responds to the third switchover signal Vswitch3 by disconnecting the main bus 110 from the active circuit 112 and connecting the battery 120 in such a manner as to provide a substantially uninterrupted supply voltage Vcc to the active circuit 112.
  • Referring to FIG. 2, the switchover circuit 118 includes a comparator 202 that helps to ensure a smooth transition from battery to FireWire power and vice versa. The switch over circuit 118 ensures that the voltage on the main supply bus 110 (VCC_MAIN) doesn't drop below a pre-determined minimum voltage Vmin (at which point a reset signal is typically provided). Accordingly, the FireWire voltage converter 108 switches in/out when the voltage on the main bus 110 (Vcc MAIN) has risen/dropped above/below Vmin.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is full and the FireWire is plugged in. After the FireWire cable 104 is plugged into the port 106, the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 reaches its destination voltage within 15 ms. When the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 reaches the switch over threshold Vswitch, the comparator 202 disconnects battery power from the main supply bus 110. For a short period of time, neither the battery 120 nor the FireWire voltage converter 108 supply power to VCC_MAIN 110 and the voltage on VCC_MAIN 110 will drop until either of the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting such that the voltage cannot drop below the voltage VMIN. Eventually the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting, pulling the voltage on bus 110 up to a pre-set voltage drop Vf below the destination output voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is full and the FireWire is unplugged in two separate scenarios. Initially, the voltage VVCC — MAIN is Vf below the voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108. Due to the system load, the output voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108 is going to drop rapidly as the voltage sensor 114 discharges into the main supply bus 110. When FireWire 106 is unplugged the voltage at the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 is going to drop rapidly until the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting. At this point the voltage at the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 may or may not have not dropped below the switch over threshold Vswitch. There will be two possible scenarios:
  • In one scenario shown in FIG. 4, the comparator threshold has been crossed in which case, the battery 120 has to make up for the voltage Vf. In a second scenario shown in FIG. 5, the comparator threshold has not been crossed.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is plugged. In the described embodiment, the battery is considered empty when it's voltage drops below 3.45V. For the purpose of this discussion only therefore, the battery voltage is considered to be at 3.3V. If the battery voltage drops below 3.45V the system is turned off and less than 2 mA are drawn from the battery. Therefore the voltage the main bus 110 is approximately equal to the battery voltage VBAT=3.3V. After the FireWire connector 104 is plugged into the port 106, output 108′ increases. If output 108′ increases above VVCC — MAIN of 3.3V, the voltage sensor 114 starts conducting. The battery will be back fed from then on, until output 108′ reaches the switch over threshold.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is low and the FireWire is unplugged. Initially, the voltage VVCC — MAIN on the main bus 110 is Vf below the voltage of the FireWire voltage converter 108 resulting in the output 108′ dropping off rapidly. When output 108′ drops below the switch over threshold Vswitch, voltage converter 108 is going to back feed into the battery until output 108′ drops below a level where voltage sensor 114 loses conduction. If the latter occurs, output 108′ is going to be discharged much slower as it is disconnected from the rest of the system. It has to be noted that this particular scenario is very rare as the battery voltage recovers within short periods of time to a level that is above the 3.45V system shut down threshold.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is plugged. When the battery is empty, VVCC — MAIN is initially approximately ground level and the battery charger circuit is disabled. If output 108′ charges up, VVCC — MAIN is approximately one diode forward voltage drop below output 108′. (It should be noted that a reset circuit keeps the system 100 in constant reset below voltages of 3.135V) thereby enabling a battery charger circuit. If battery charger circuit supply voltage has exceeded the lockout voltage of 4.1V, battery back feeding is prevented because the battery 120 is disconnected from the system 100. The battery charger is activated when it's supply voltage exceeds the under voltage lock out threshold of 4.1V. To enable the battery charger, the voltage at the output of the FireWire voltage converter 108 must be one forward diode drop above the lock out voltage of the battery charger. Therefore, output 108′ has to rise above approximately 4.6V to activate the charger.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary response waveforms for the switchover state where the battery is empty and the FireWire is unplugged. When the battery is empty and FireWire 104 is unplugged, the system 100 will run until VCC_MAIN drops rapidly below reset threshold voltage Vreset,TH. In reset, the battery disconnect circuitry disconnects the battery from the system 100 when the battery voltage drops below 3.1V to avoid deep discharge of the battery using a low voltage disconnect circuitry.
  • Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.
  • While this invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment, there are alterations, permutations, and equivalents that fall within the scope of this invention. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the process and apparatus of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the invention be interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations, and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (76)

1. An apparatus comprising:
a circuit;
a battery;
a port that includes a power line and serial data line; and
a power management unit, coupled to the circuit, the battery, and the port,
wherein the power management unit contains instructions that when executed by the power management unit:
(i) powers the circuit with the battery if the power line does not provide power;
(ii) powers the circuit and charges the battery with power provided by the power line if the power line provides power to the apparatus.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power management unit further comprises a voltage converter to convert an external power source voltage to a supply voltage if the external power source voltage is received through the port and is provided to the circuit.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the voltage converter of the power management unit is a step down converter configured to step down the external power supply voltage to the supply voltage.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the power management unit further comprises a charge current generator to generate a charge current to charge the battery if the external power supply voltage is received through the port and a battery power source voltage is below the supply voltage by a threshold.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the power management circuit further comprises a comparator to compare the battery power source voltage to the supply voltage.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the comparator generates a first signal if the battery power source voltage is within the threshold from the supply, the first signal provided to a charge control circuit.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first signal further causes the charge circuit to disconnect the external power supply voltage from the battery to prevent over-charging of the battery.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the comparator generates a second signal if the battery power source voltage is below the threshold of the supply voltage, the second signal causing a charge circuit to generate a charge current to charge the battery when the external power supply voltage is received through the port.
9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the supply voltage is one of the following voltages: approximately 1.8 volts, approximately 3.3 volts, approximately 5.0 volts; or 5.0 volts or less.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power management unit further comprises a switch circuit configured to prevent substantial interruptions in providing power to the circuit when switching from the external power supply voltage to the battery power source voltage or vice versa.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the port is configured to receive at least one power line.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the port is configured to receive at least one data line arranged to form a transmit-and-receive connection with the external source.
13. A method for providing power to a circuit contained within a portable device from either a battery contained in the device or an external power source when plugged into a port configured to receive both power and data at the device, the method comprising:
ascertaining if the external power source is plugged into the port of the device, and either:
(i) providing power to the circuit from the battery when the external power source is not plugged into the device;
(ii) providing power from the external power source to the circuit and the battery used to at least recharge the battery when the external power source is plugged into the device and when the output of the battery is below a supply voltage by more than a threshold; or
(iii) providing power from the external power source only to the circuit when the external power source is plugged into the device and the output of the battery is within the threshold of the supply voltage.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising converting an external power source voltage to the supply voltage within the device, wherein the supply voltage is one of the following: approximately 1.8 volts, approximately 3.3 volts, approximately 5.0 volts; or 5.0 volts or less.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the external power to the circuit in the device and the battery to recharge the battery further comprises generating a charge current to charge the battery when an output voltage of the battery is below the supply voltage by more than the threshold.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising comparing the battery voltage output to the supply voltage and either:
(i) generating a first signal if the battery voltage output is within the threshold from the supply voltage, the first signal causing power from the external power supply to be provided only to the circuit when the external power is received through the port; or
(ii) generating a second signal if the battery voltage output is below the threshold of the supply voltage, the second signal causing a charge current to be provided to the battery to charge the battery when the external power is received through the port.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising disconnecting the external power supply voltage from the battery after the battery is charged.
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising switching between (i), (ii) and (iii) such that power provided to the circuit from either the battery or the external power source voltage is substantial without interruption.
19. The method of claim 15, further comprising transmitting and/or receiving data through the port of the device.
20. A battery powered device comprising:
a rechargeable battery;
a serial port that interfaces with a serial bus cable for transmitting data to or from the device that includes a plurality of data pins and at least a power pin;
a voltage sensor that senses a voltage on the power pin; and
a battery charging circuit that draws a charging current through the power pin of the serial port to charge the battery when the battery is substantially uncharged.
21. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the device comprises a personal digital assistant.
22. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the device comprises a personal MP3 player.
23. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the rechargeable battery comprises a lithium ion cell.
24. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the rechargeable battery operates within a voltage range of 3.7 volts to 4.2 volts.
25. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the serial port interfaces with a serial bus cable that transmits data to or from the device at a rate of at least 100 megabits per second.
26. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the serial port interfaces with a serial bus cable transmits data to or from the device in an asynchronous or isochronous mode.
27. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the serial port interfaces with an IEEE 1394 compliant serial bus cable.
28. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the battery charging circuit operates in a constant current mode.
29. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the battery charging circuit shuts off when its supply voltage is less than 4.2 volts.
30. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the battery charging circuit electrically isolates the battery if the battery is fully charged.
31. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the charging current is 750 mA.
32. The battery powered device of claim 20, wherein the voltage sensor and the battery charging circuit are coupled to the serial port via a main bus.
33. The battery powered device of claim 20, further comprising an inrush current limiter configured to limit an inrush current that flows into the battery powered device when a serial bus cable is inserted into the serial port.
34. The battery powered device of claim 20, further comprising a voltage converter configured to convert an external voltage received at the power pins of the serial port to an internal supply voltage within the range of 1.8 volts to 5 volts.
35. The battery powered device of claim 20, further comprising an active circuit operating at a supply voltage within the range of 1.8 volts to 5 volts.
36. The battery powered device of claim 20, further comprising a comparator coupled to the voltage sensor and configured to generate a switching signal based upon the sensed voltage.
37. The battery powered device of claim 20, further comprising a switchover circuit configured to supply power to an active circuit via the battery or a supply voltage received via the power pins of the serial port.
38. A method for charging a battery of a peripheral device, comprising:
inserting a serial bus cable into a serial port of the peripheral device, the serial port comprising a power pin and a plurality of data pins through which data can be transmitted to or from the peripheral device;
sensing that the voltage at the power pin of the serial port is above a selected threshold; and
drawing a charge current through the power pin of the serial port to charge the battery of the peripheral device.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the peripheral device comprises a personal digital assistant.
40. The method of claim 38, wherein the peripheral device comprises a personal MP3 player.
41. The method of claim 38, wherein the battery operates within a voltage range of 3.7 volts to 4.2 volts.
42. The method of claim 38, wherein the battery is considered to be uncharged when its voltage drops below 3.45 volts.
43. The method of claim 38, wherein the serial port interfaces with a serial bus cable that transmits data to or from the device in an asynchronous or isochronous mode.
44. The method of claim 38, wherein the serial port interfaces with an IEEE 1394 serial bus cable.
45. The method of claim 38, wherein the charge current is 750 mA.
46. The method of claim 38, further comprising electrically isolating the battery if the battery is substantially fully charged.
47. The method of claim 38, further comprising suppressing a power surge caused by the insertion of the serial bus cable into the serial port.
48. The method of claim 38, further comprising converting an external voltage received at the power pins of the serial port to an internal supply voltage within the range of 1.8 volts to 5 volts.
49. A system comprising:
a battery powered device having a rechargeable battery and a battery charging circuit; and
a serial bus cable coupled to the battery powered device, the serial bus cable comprising a power transmission line and a plurality of data transmission lines,
wherein the serial bus cable can transmit data to or from the battery powered device over the data transmission lines; and
wherein the battery charging circuit of the battery powered device draws a charging current through the power transmission line of the serial bus cable if the rechargeable battery is not fully charged.
50. The system of claim 49, wherein the battery powered device comprises a personal digital assistant.
51. The system of claim 49, wherein the battery powered device comprises a personal MP3 player.
52. The system of claim 49, wherein the rechargeable battery operates within a voltage range of 3.7 volts to 4.2 volts.
53. The system of claim 49, wherein the serial bus cable transmits data to or from the battery powered device at a rate of at least 100 megabits per second.
54. The system of claim 49, wherein the serial bus cable transmits data to or from the battery powered device in an asynchronous or isochronous mode.
55. The system of claim 54, wherein the serial bus cable comprises an IEEE 1394 compliant serial bus cable.
56. The system of claim 49, wherein the battery powered device electrically isolates the rechargeable battery when the battery is fully charged.
57. The system of claim 49, wherein the charging current is 750 mA.
58. The system of claim 49, wherein the battery powered device comprises an active circuit operating at a supply voltage within the range of 1.8 volts to 5 volts.
59. The system of claim 49, wherein the data transmission lines are separately-shielded twisted transmission type data lines.
60. A method for managing power delivered to a battery-operated peripheral device by way of a cable that includes a number of lines at least one of which is a power line arranged to carry electrical power from an electrical supply to the device, the method comprising:
detecting a status for the device, wherein the status is based on whether a first condition relating to a battery in the device has occurred and whether a second condition relating to connection of the cable to the electrical supply has occurred;
drawing electrical power from the electrical supply at a first current if the device has a first status; and
drawing electrical power from the electrical supply at a second current level if the device has a second status.
61. The method of claim 60, wherein the second condition is the attachment of the cable to another device.
62. The method of claim 60, wherein the second condition is the connection of the cable to another device such that a data transfer request is received by the battery-operated peripheral device.
63. The method of claim 60, further comprising converting the electrical power from an external voltage to a supply voltage by a voltage converter unit.
64. The method of claim 60, wherein the first condition is when a battery in the device is fully charged.
65. The method of claim 64, further comprising, if the battery is fully charged, providing the battery with electrical power from the electrical supply at a third current level.
66. The method of claim 65, wherein the third current level is essentially zero amps.
67. The method of claim 65, wherein the cable includes two twisted pairs of wires carrying data.
68. The method of claim 67, wherein the two twisted pairs of wires are separately shielded.
69. The method of claim 68, wherein the cable is an I.E.E.E. 1394 compliant cable.
70. A portable consumer electronic product comprising:
a sensor unit arranged to detect a status for the device, wherein the status is based on whether a first condition relating to a battery in the device has occurred and whether a second condition relating to connection of the cable to the electrical supply has occurred;
a switchover circuit arranged to draw electrical power from the electrical supply at a first current if the device has a first status, and to draw electrical power from the electrical supply at a second current level if the device has a second status.
71. The portable consumer electronic product of claim 70, further comprising a voltage converter unit arranged to convert the electrical power from an external voltage to a supply voltage.
72. The portable consumer electronic product of claim 70, wherein the switchover circuit is further arranged to, if the battery is fully charged, provide the battery with electrical power from the electrical supply at a third current level.
73. The portable consumer electronic product of claim 70, wherein the third current level is essentially zero amps.
74. The portable consumer electronic product of claim 70, wherein the cable includes two twisted pairs of wires carrying data.
75. The portable consumer electronic product of claim 74, wherein the two twisted pairs of wires are separately shielded.
76. The portable consumer electronic product of claim 75, wherein the cable is an I.E.E.E. 1394 compliant cable.
US11/754,932 2001-10-22 2007-05-29 Methods and apparatus for charging a battery in a peripheral device Abandoned US20070222301A1 (en)

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US6995963B2 (en) 2006-02-07
US7940026B2 (en) 2011-05-10
US20030075993A1 (en) 2003-04-24
US7656623B2 (en) 2010-02-02
US20100085011A1 (en) 2010-04-08
US20060061927A1 (en) 2006-03-23
WO2003036777A1 (en) 2003-05-01

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