US20050075723A1 - Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function - Google Patents

Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20050075723A1
US20050075723A1 US10/840,511 US84051104A US2005075723A1 US 20050075723 A1 US20050075723 A1 US 20050075723A1 US 84051104 A US84051104 A US 84051104A US 2005075723 A1 US2005075723 A1 US 2005075723A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
heart
elongate member
valve
chamber
splint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/840,511
Inventor
Richard Schroeder
Robert Vidlund
Jason Kalgreen
Cyril Schweich
Todd Mortier
Marc Simmon
Peter Keith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Edwards Lifesciences LLC
Original Assignee
Myocor Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Myocor Inc filed Critical Myocor Inc
Priority to US10/840,511 priority Critical patent/US20050075723A1/en
Assigned to MYOCOR, INC. reassignment MYOCOR, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIMMON, MARC, KEITH, PETER
Publication of US20050075723A1 publication Critical patent/US20050075723A1/en
Priority to US11/404,093 priority patent/US7766812B2/en
Assigned to VENTURE LENDING & LEASING IV, INC. reassignment VENTURE LENDING & LEASING IV, INC. SECURITY AGREEMMENT Assignors: MYOCOR, INC.
Assigned to EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC reassignment EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MYOCOR, INC.
Priority to US12/498,956 priority patent/US9198757B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2478Passive devices for improving the function of the heart muscle, i.e. devices for reshaping the external surface of the heart, e.g. bags, strips or bands
    • A61F2/2487Devices within the heart chamber, e.g. splints
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
    • A61B17/122Clamps or clips, e.g. for the umbilical cord
    • A61B17/1227Spring clips
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00238Type of minimally invasive operation
    • A61B2017/00243Type of minimally invasive operation cardiac
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/0404Buttons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
    • A61B2017/048Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery for reducing heart wall tension, e.g. sutures with a pad on each extremity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B2017/0496Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials for tensioning sutures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2478Passive devices for improving the function of the heart muscle, i.e. devices for reshaping the external surface of the heart, e.g. bags, strips or bands
    • A61F2/2481Devices outside the heart wall, e.g. bags, strips or bands

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices and related methods for improving the function of heart valves, and more particularly to devices and related methods that passively assist in the apposition of heart valve leaflets to improve valve function of poorly functioning valves.
  • Heart failure is a condition whereby the left ventricle becomes enlarged and dilated as a result of numerous etiologies.
  • Initial causes of heart failure include chronic hypertension, myocardial infarction, mitral valve incompetency, and other dilated cardiomyopathies. With each of these conditions, the heart is forced to overexert itself in order to provide the cardiac output demanded from the body during its various demand states. The result is an enlarged left ventricle.
  • a dilated heart and particularly a dilated left ventricle, can significantly increase the tension and/or stress in the heart wall both during diastolic filling and systolic contraction, which contributes to ongoing dilatation of the chamber.
  • Prior treatments for heart failure include pharmacological treatments, assist devices such as pumps, and surgical treatments such as heart transplant, dynamic cardiomyoplasty, and the Batista partial left ventriculectomy. These prior treatments are described briefly in U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,440 to Schweich, Jr. et al., issued Oct. 5, 1999 and entitled “Heart Wall Tension Reduction Apparatus and Method,” the complete disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • a more recent concept for treating heart failure applies one or more splints onto the heart, and particulary the left ventricle, to reduce the myocardial muscular stresses encountered during pumping. Many examples of such approaches are disclosed in the incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,440.
  • One example includes one or more transventricular splints placed across the left ventricle. Each splint may include a tension member extending across the ventricle and anchors disposed on opposite ends of the tension member and placed on the external surface of the heart.
  • Mitral valve incompetency or mitral valve regurgitation is a common comorbidity of congestive heart failure.
  • valve function may worsen.
  • the resultant volume overload condition in turn, increases ventricular wall stress thereby advancing the dilation process, which may further worsen valve dysfunction.
  • the size of the valve annulus increases while the area of the leaflets of the valve remains constant. This may lead to an area of less coaptation of the valve leaflets, and, as a result, eventually to valve leakage.
  • the annular size contracts during systole, aiding in valve coaptation.
  • the papillary muscles to which the leaflets are connected via the chordae tendonae
  • chordae lengths remain substantially constant, which limits the full closure ability of the leaflets by exerting tension prematurely on the leaflets. This condition is commonly referred to as “chordal tethering.”
  • the combination of annular changes and papillary changes results in a poorly functioning valve.
  • a pre-existing mitral valve incompetency can be exacerbated by the presence and impact of the tightened splints.
  • the splints and the local deformation they impart may further alter the positions of the papillary muscles in such a way that the chordae do not allow as complete of a closure of the mitral valve, or that rotation of portions of the ventricular wall (to which additional chordae may be attached) may “tighten” one valve leaflet and “loosen” the other. In this manner, the leaflets may not close at the same level relative to the annulus, causing increased retrograde leakage through the valve.
  • a heart with even a small amount of regurgitation may benefit from not only the stress reducing functions of the ventricular splints as described above, but also from the elimination of the regurgitation, which will further off-load the pumping requirements of the myocardium.
  • one aspect of the invention comprises a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart.
  • the method includes the steps of placing an elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and placing first and second anchoring members external to the chamber.
  • the first and second anchoring members are attached to first and second ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber so as to reposition papillary muscles within the chamber.
  • the invention comprises a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart.
  • the method includes the steps of placing an elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that a first end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart between two papillary muscles, and a second end of the elongate member extends through a septum of the heart; placing a first anchoring member external the heart; and placing a second anchoring member inside the heart adjacent the septum.
  • the first and second anchoring members are attached to the first and second ends of the elongate member respectively to fix the elongate member in a position across the heart chamber.
  • the invention comprises a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart.
  • the method includes the steps of placing an elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart; and placing first and second anchoring members external the chamber.
  • the first and second anchoring members are attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber. The position is superior to the papillary muscles and proximate and substantially across the valve.
  • the invention comprises a splint for improving the function of a valve of a heart.
  • the splint includes an elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and first and second anchoring members configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber.
  • the first anchoring member includes a first portion configured to contact a first region of the heart proximate the valve to change a shape of the valve.
  • the first portion will contact a first region of the heart proximate the valve annulus to change the shape of the valve annulus.
  • the invention comprises a splint for improving the function of a valve of a heart.
  • the splint includes an elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, first and second anchoring members configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber, a third anchoring member connected to at least one of the first and second anchoring members by a connection member.
  • the third anchoring member is configured to contact a region of the heart proximate the valve to change a shape of the valve.
  • the invention comprises a device for improving the function of a valve of a heart.
  • the device includes a first splint having a first elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and a first anchoring member configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to a first end of the first elongate member.
  • the device further includes a second splint having a second elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the second elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and a second anchoring member configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to a first end of the second elongate member.
  • the device also includes a connecting mechanism configured to be connected to the second ends of each of the first and second elongate members external the chamber and press the wall of the heart chamber to change a shape of the valve.
  • Yet a further aspect of the invention includes a method for improving cardiac function, comprising placing a first member relative to a heart chamber to alter the cross-sectional shape of the chamber and placing a second member relative to a valve of the heart chamber to assist in apposition of leaflets of the valve.
  • the invention includes a method of improving the function of a valve of a heart comprising applying a force to an exterior surface of a wall surrounding a chamber of the heart substantially at a location of the valve to alter a shape of the valve.
  • Yet a further aspect of the invention includes a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart comprising placing a device relative to the heart to alter a shape of the valve and adjusting the device relative to the heart based on data obtained during the adjusting from real-time monitoring of valve function.
  • Another aspect of the present invention pertains to splint devices, and related splinting methods, for endovascular implantation on the heart.
  • the splints of the present invention may be implanted endovascularly through remote vascular access sites.
  • the inventive techniques and devices thus are minimally invasive and less risky to patients.
  • a method for placing a splint assembly transverse a heart chamber comprises providing an elongate member having a first end and a second end and a deployable heart-engaging assembly connected to at least the first end. The method further includes advancing the elongate member through vasculature structure and into the heart chamber such that the first end of the elongate member extends through a first location of a wall surrounding the heart chamber and the second end extends through a second location of the heart chamber wall substantially opposite the first location.
  • a deployable heart-engaging assembly is deployed such that it engages with a first exterior surface portion of the heart chamber wall adjacent the first location.
  • the elongate member is secured with respect to the heart with a second heart-engaging assembly connected to the second end.
  • the second heart-engaging assembly engages with a second exterior surface portion of the heart chamber wall adjacent the second location.
  • a splint assembly for treating a heart, comprising an elongate member configured to extend transverse a chamber of the heart and at least one heart-engaging assembly formed at least partially from portions forming the elongate member.
  • the heart-engaging assembly has a collapsed configuration adapted to travel through a heart wall and an expanded configuration adapted to engage the heart wall.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention includes a delivery tool for delivering a transventricular splint assembly to a chamber of the heart, comprising a tubular member having a distal end and a proximal end, the distal end having a curved configuration and the tube defining a lumen configured to carry at least a portion of the splint assembly.
  • the delivery tool further includes at least one support mechanism disposed proximate the distal end of the tubular member, the support mechanism being configured to stabilize the tubular member with respect to a heart wall surrounding the chamber.
  • the tubular member is configured to be advanced through vasculature structure and into the heart chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the placement of splints according to an orientation for lessening myocardial muscular stresses;
  • FIG. 2 a is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the orientation of splints according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 2 b is a vertical cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing another orientation of ventricular shape change splints according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 3 a is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing an orientation of a mitral valve splint used in combination with a series of transventricular splints according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 3 b is an external view of a human heart showing the orientation of the mitral valve splint and series of transventricular splints of FIG. 3 a;
  • FIG. 3 c is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricle of a human heart showing a various orientations for a mitral valve splint used in combination with a series of transventricular splints according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 a is an external view of a human heart showing a series of transventricular splints, with the superior-most splint having an anchor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention that assists in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 4 b is an external view of a human heart showing a series of transventricular splints, with the superior most splint having an anchor structure and a connection mechanism between the superior most and middle anchors according to yet another embodiment of the present invention that assists in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 4 c is a perspective view of an anchor assembly for a transventricular splint according to yet another embodiment of the present invention that assists in apposition of valve leaflets and repositioning of papillary muscles;
  • FIG. 5 a is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the placement of splints according to an orientation for lessening myocardial muscular stresses with an accessory anchor assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention to assist in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 5 b is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the placement of splints according to an orientation for lessening myocardial muscular stresses with an accessory anchor assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention to assist in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing an orientation of a mitral valve splint used in combination with a series of transventricular splints, with an interconnecting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a heart with an external splint device and mitral valve anchor assembly and connecting mechanism disposed relative to the left ventricle to alter the shape of the left ventricle and to assist in apposition of valve leaflets according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a delivery catheter inserted endovascularly into the right ventricule according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a guide wire extending from the catheter of FIG. 8 through the septal wall, across the left ventricular chamber and into the free wall according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the deliver catheter of FIG. 8 positioned over the guidewire of FIG. 9 with positioning balloons inflated on either side of the free wall according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the insertion of a tension member into the delivery catheter of FIG. 10 for placement with respect to the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a deployed fixed anchor on the distal end of the tension member of FIG. 11 after being extended past the distal end of the delivery catheter according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the removal of the delivery catheter from the tension member of FIG. 12 according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing the delivery of an adjustable anchor to be placed on the tension member of FIG. 13 adjacent the septal wall according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing the securing of the adjustable anchor of FIG. 14 to the tension member to change the shape of the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing a cutting snare inserted into the right ventricle to cut excess tension member length from the splint assembly of FIG. 15 according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 17 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing a splint assembly positioned with respect to the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 18 is a partial side view of the deployable anchor and tension member of FIGS. 12 and 13 according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a top view of the anchor of FIG. 18 according to an aspect of the invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a partial perspective view of the deployable anchor and tension member of FIG. 18 prior to a securing band being placed to tighten the filament bundles on the elastic ring portion of the anchor according to an aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 21 is a partial side view of the anchor and tension member of FIG. 18 showing the placement of the securing/tightening band according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 22 is a close-up, partial side view of the guidewire of FIG. 9 according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a detailed, partial side cross-sectional view of the delivery catheter of FIGS. 8-13 according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart showing a delivery catheter with two curved catheters inserted endovascularly through the aorta into the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 25 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart showing the curved delivery catheters of FIG. 24 with inflated distal balloons respectively in contact with the free wall and septal wall of the heart and with sharpened wires respectively extending through the free wall and septal wall of the heart according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 26 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart, showing a tension member delivered through the curved delivery catheter contacting the free wall of FIG. 25 according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 27 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart showing the curved catheter contacting the free wall of FIG. 25 removed from the patient and the tension member being fed into a proximal end of the curved catheter contacting the septal wall of FIG. 25 according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 28 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the tension member of FIG. 27 being advanced through the curved catheter, through the septal wall, into the right ventricle and out of the heart according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 29 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the tension member of FIG. 28 extended across the left ventricle after the curved delivery catheter of FIG. 28 has been removed according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 30 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a delivery catheter with a curved distal tip inserted into the right ventricle proximate the septal wall for delivering a splint assembly according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 31 is a vertical cross-sectional veiw of the heart with a guidewire with inflated balloons on a distal end extending from the delivery catheter of FIG. 30 , through the septal wall, and across the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 32 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the guidewire of FIG. 31 with the distal balloon deflated and about to be advanced through the free wall of the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 33 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the guidewire of FIG. 32 advanced through the free wall until the proximal inflated balloon abuts the inside of the free wall and with the distal balloon inflated according to an aspect of the invention;
  • FIG. 34 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the guidewire in the position of FIG. 33 with the proximal balloon deflated according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 35 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a splint advancement catheter placed over the guidewire of FIG. 34 according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 36 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the splint advancement catheter of FIG. 35 being removed from a tension member and deployable anchor of the splint according to the present invention
  • FIG. 37 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the splint advancement catheter of FIG. 35 entirely removed and the splint assembly deployed across the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 38 is a partial, detailed cross-sectional view of the splint advancement catheter, tension member and distal anchor of FIG. 35 according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 39 is a partial side view of a braided tension member according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 40 is a partial side view of a braided tension member having a diametrically expandable portion according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 41 is a partial perspective view of the tension member of FIG. 40 forming a free wall anchor at the diametrically expandable portion according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 41 a is a partial perspective view of a spiral-shaped deployable wire used to diametrically expand the tension member of FIG. 40 to form the anchor of FIG. 41 according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 41 b is a partial perspective view of a spiral-shaped deployable wire used to diametrically expand the tension member to form the anchor having a spiral formed in an opposite direction to the spiral of FIG. 41 a according to another aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 42 is a partial perspective view of a diametrically expandable tension member forming an anchor portion by using an inflated balloon within the expandable portion of the tension member to cause diametric expansion according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 43 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the heart showing a preferred placement of a tension member of a splint assembly to treat a mitral valve according to an aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 44 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the heart showing a splint assembly placed with respect to the heart to treat a mitral valve according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view of an anchor assembly with an inner surface permitting movement with respect to a tension member in only one direction according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • Each device of the present invention preferably operates passively in that, once placed in the heart, it does not require an active stimulus, either mechanical, electrical, or otherwise, to function.
  • Implanting one or more of the devices of the present invention operates to assist in the apposition of heart valve leaflets to improve valve function.
  • these devices may either be placed in conjunction with other devices that, or may themselves function to, alter the shape or geometry of the heart, locally and/or globally, and thereby further increase the heart's efficiency. That is, the heart experiences an increased pumping efficiency through an alteration in its shape or geometry and concomitant reduction in stress on the heart walls, and through an improvement in valve function.
  • the inventive devices and related methods offer numerous advantages over the existing treatments for various heart conditions, including valve incompetencies.
  • the devices are relatively easy to manufacture and use, and the surgical techniques and tools for implanting the devices of the present invention do not require the invasive procedures of current surgical techniques.
  • the surgical technique does not require removing portions of the heart tissue, nor does it necessarily require opening the heart chamber or stopping the heart during operation.
  • the surgical techniques for implanting the devices of the present invention also are less risky to the patient than other techniques.
  • the less invasive nature of the surgical techniques and tools of the present invention may also allow for earlier intervention in patients with heart failure and/or valve incompetencies.
  • the disclosed inventive devices and related methods involve geometric reshaping of the heart and treating valve incompetencies.
  • substantially the entire chamber geometry is altered to return the heart to a more normal state of stress.
  • Models of this geometric reshaping which includes a reduction in radius of curvature of the chamber walls, can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,440 incorporated above.
  • the heart walls Prior to reshaping the chamber geometry, the heart walls experience high stress due to a combination of both the relatively large increased diameter of the chamber and the thinning of the chamber wall. Filling pressures and systolic pressures are typically high as well, further increasing wall stress.
  • Geometric reshaping according to the present invention reduces the stress in the walls of the heart chamber to increase the heart's pumping efficiency, as well as to stop further dilatation of the heart.
  • the left ventricle and the mitral valve have been selected for illustrative purposes because a large number of the disorders that the present invention treats occur in the left ventricle and in connection with the mitral valve. It also is contemplated that the inventive endovascular splinting devices and methods will be used to support an infarcted heart wall to prevent further dilatation, or to treat aneurysms in the heart.
  • FIG. 1 A currently preferred orientation of transventricular splints for lessening myocardial muscular stresses is shown in FIG. 1 , which shows the short-axis left ventricular cross-section from an anterior perspective.
  • transventricular splints that are especially suitable for this application include those shown and described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/532,049 to Vidlund et al., filed Mar. 21, 2000, entitled “A Splint Assembly for Improving cardiac Function in Hearts, and Method for Implanting the Splint Assembly,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,198 and commonly assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • the complete discosure of that application is incorporated by reference herein. That application will be referred to as “the '049 application” in the remainder of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section (short axis) view looking from the superior side of the heart.
  • the superior-most splint 14 is placed at approximately the level of the heads of the papillary muscles PM and below the level of leaflet coaptation, and the additional two splints (not shown in FIG. 1 ) are placed inferiorly toward the apex.
  • the preferred orientation shown in FIG. 1 both bisects the left ventricle LV and avoids key structures such as coronary vessels and the like.
  • the splints according to this orientation also extend through the septum S near its edge and enter a small portion of the right ventricle RV.
  • Each splint includes a tension member 16 and an anchor assembly 18 at each end of the tension member 16 .
  • tension member 16 extends through the the heart wall HW, across the left ventricle LV, and through the septum S and a portion of the right ventricle RV.
  • Anchor assemblies 18 are placed adjacent the external surface of the heart wall HW.
  • FIG. 2 a shows an orientation of splints 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention which may assist in both offloading myocardial wall stress and in aiding the apposition of valve leaflets.
  • each tension member 16 of splint 14 extends through the heart wall HW at a position approximately midway between the antero lateral papillary muscle PM and the posterio medial papillary muscle PM, extends transverse the left ventricle LV, and extends through the septum S at approximately its midpoint.
  • a first anchor assembly 18 is placed external the heart 10 adjacent the heart wall HW and a second anchor assembly is placed inside the right ventricle RV adjacent septum S.
  • FIG. 2 a shows the superior-most splint 14 of preferably three splints, with the other two splints placed inferiorly towards the apex. More or less than three splints may be used.
  • the splints in this orientation are generally parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle.
  • splints 14 shown in FIG. 2 a helps to “pull” both of the papillary muscles PM toward the center of the left ventricle LV and reposition those muscles closer to their normal physiological position relative to the mitral valve annulus during the complete cardiac cycle.
  • the papillary muscles PM are moved laterally away from their normal position, which causes the chordae connected to both valve leaflets to become excessively taut. This in turn inhibits the leaflets from fully closing against each other.
  • the chordae are slackened enough to allow the leaflets to appose, thereby improving on mitral valve function.
  • the splints 14 in this approach are preferably positioned at and below the level of the tops of the papillary muscles PM, the shape change deformation at the superior-most splint 14 would extend in a region further superior, and potentially include the annulus itself. To the extent that the annulus in the region of the posterior leaflet is deformed, this would further benefit the valve function by reducing the cross-sectional area of the annulus and positioning the posterior leaflet and its attachment zone closer to the anterior annulus. This, in turn, will cause the leaflets to more fully appose, minimizing MVR.
  • Various methods may be employed to implant the splints 14 in the orientaion shown in FIG. 2 a .
  • One particularly advantageous method is an endovascular delivery technique shown and described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/679,550 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,684) to Robert M. Vidlund et al., entitled “Endovascular Splinting Devices and Methods,” filed on Oct. 6, 2000 and commonly assigned to the assignee of this application, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, and discussed elsewhere herein.
  • Splints 14 also may be positioned in the orientation shown in FIG. 2 a by other surgical techniques, such as those described in the '049 application incorporated by reference above.
  • a small incision can be placed within the right ventricular wall to allow for positioning tension member 16 and the anchor assembly 18 within the right ventricle RV.
  • the methods of implantation shown and described in the applications referred to above may be used in connection with any of the embodiments shown and described herein.
  • FIG. 2 b shows another orientation of splints 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention which may assist in the offloading of myocardial wall stress and in the apposition of valve leaflets.
  • at least one splint 14 is angled with respect to the long axis of the left ventricle LV, in contrast to orienting the at least one splint 14 perpendicular to the axis of the left ventricle LV.
  • the lower two splints 14 are angled relative to the ventricular axis and relative to the superior-most splint 14 , which is approximately perpendicular to the ventricular axis.
  • all three splints 14 are coplanar, as is preferred for optimizing the ventricular shape change.
  • FIG. 2 b illustrates the ventricular splints having an anchor pad disposed on the septum, it is contemplated that the benefits of angling one or more splints relative to the long axis of the ventricle could be achieved at other cross-sectional orientations including, for example, the orientation shown in FIG. 1 , in which an anchor pad is located on an exterior wall of the heart as opposed to the septum wall.
  • the lower two splints 14 are positioned at an angle, they tend to “lift” one or both papillary muscles PM as they impart shape change to the left ventricle LV. By lifting the papillary muscle(s) PM, some slack may be provided to the chordae connected to the valve leaflets to permit improved apposition of the leaflets of mitral valve MV. It is contemplated that more or less splints than the lower two splints may be angled (other than perpendicularly) relative to the ventricular axis to achieve the benefits to MVR, and that each splint may have a different angle relative to that axis.
  • all three splints could be angled, or only one splint could be angled.
  • the number of splints to be angled, and the degree of such angles, would be chosen to optimize the improvement in MVR and would depend on factors such as the particular anatomy of a heart.
  • the splint positioning can be iteratively changed and the impact on MVR, and mitral valve function in general, can be monitored using appropriate “real-time” imaging techniques and equipment, such as, for example, ultrasound and other suitable mechanisms.
  • the ventricular splints 14 shown in FIG. 2 b may be oriented in any suitable cross sectional position, including the positions shown in FIG. 1 or 2 a .
  • the benefits to MVR of angularly positioning one or more of the ventricular splints 14 relative to the ventricular axis, as shown in FIG. 2 b , may be achieved independent of the particular cross sectional position of the splints 14 .
  • a method of improving mitral valve function, while maintaining the positions and orientations of the ventricular splints shown in FIG. 1 includes the use of an additional splint.
  • This additional splint referred to herein as a mitral valve splint or MV splint, preferably has the same construction as the other splints and may be implanted using the similar delivery techniques.
  • the primary function of the MV splint is to impart a shape change to the mitral valve annulus, adjacent the left ventricular wall, as well as reposition the papillary muscles PM.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show an MV splint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show the three ventricular splints 14 in the positions and orientations shown and described in connection with FIG. 1 (the dashed lines in FIGS. 3 a , 3 b ) and show an exemplary orientation of an MV splint 20 .
  • MV splint 20 is positioned superior to the papillary muscles PM and oriented primarily across the mitral valve MV and on or below the mitral valve annulus while avoiding key vascular structures.
  • MV splint 20 is “out of plane” with the other ventricular splints 14 , as the overall function of MV splint 20 is to improve and optimize the mitral valve function.
  • the MV splint extends through the heart wall between the papillary muscles of the left ventricle LV, and extends transverse the left ventricle LV, through the septum S, through the right ventricle RV, and once again through the heart wall.
  • the MV splint 20 improves mitral valve function through a combination of effects.
  • the shape of the annulus is directly altered, preferably during the entire cardiac cycle, thereby reducing the annular cross sectional area and bringing the posterior leaflet in closer apposition to the anterior leaflet.
  • the position and rotational configuration of the papillary muscles PM and surrounding areas of the left ventricle LV are further altered by the tightening of the MV splint 20 . This places the chordae in a more favorable state of tension, allowing the leaflets to more fully appose each other.
  • the position of the MV splint- 20 shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b is exemplary.
  • the ventricular splints 14 preferably are positioned prior to positioning MV splint 20 , through the use of, for example, both angiographic and ultrasonic visualization tools.
  • This positioning technique described in the '049 application incorporated above, achieves optimal positioning of splints 14 to bisect the left ventricle LV and avoid key anatomic structures.
  • a device such as the probe/marking device shown and described in the '049 application may be used to repeatedly probe and deform possible areas near the mitral valve to find the optimal position for the MV splint 20 .
  • the direct impact of the probing on MVR can be assessed, and pre-existing MVR or MVR exacerbated by placement of the ventricular splints 14 can be corrected.
  • the MV splint 20 is implanted and positioned by any of the delivery techniques referred to above, including the endovascular delivery technique or the more direct surgical approaches.
  • the use of the MV splint 20 allows for the optimal placement of the ventricular splints 14 , which reduce heart wall stress, independent from the optimal subsequent positioning of the MV splint 20 , which improves mitral valve function.
  • the splint can be adjusted (either in position or in tightness or both) to optimize improvement to valve function, as determined by observation of the valve using real-time imaging techniques.
  • the optimal position of the MV splint 20 could be at virtually any orientation relative to the valve leaflets, depending on the heart failure and mitral valve regurgitation associated with the particular heart at issue.
  • the position shown and described in connection with FIGS. 3 a and 3 b may yield the most improvement of MVR, whereas in other hearts, alternative positions such as shown in FIG. 3 c may yield the most improved results.
  • the transventricular splint is shown positioned between the papillary muscles, which may be another preferred orientation for certain hearts.
  • Alternative “A” places MV splint to cause shape change between the papillary muscles
  • Alternative “B” for MV splint positioning would be in a line more parallel to the valve leaflet edges, as shown in FIG. 3 d .
  • Other placements of the MV splint, as well as the position of the transventricular splints, relative to the heart also are contemplated and could be selected based on the condition of the heart and the mitral valve.
  • an alternative anchor assembly for the ventricular splints 14 may be provided to aid in mitral valve function.
  • the superior-most splint 14 includes an anchor assembly 28 configured for connection to the “free wall” end of that splint 14 , i.e., at the exterior wall of the left ventricle.
  • Anchor assembly 28 includes a lower portion in the form of, for example, a lower pad portion 30 which contacts the external surface of the left ventricle wall somewhat below the level of the tension member 16 .
  • the lower pad portion 30 resembles the shape, size, and construction of the anchor pads described in the '049 application incorporated above.
  • Anchor assembly 28 further includes an upper portion in the form of, for example, an upper pad portion 34 which contacts a superior region of the left ventricle wall near the mitral valve annulus.
  • Tension member 16 connects to a spanning structure 32 that, in one embodiment, is preferably integrally fabricated with the lower and upper pad portions 30 and 34 , and connects portions 30 and 34 .
  • Suitable materials for anchor assembly may include, but are not limited to, those described in the '049 application.
  • At least the lower and upper pad portions 30 and 34 preferably include a covering or a coating of a material, such as, for example, a woven polyester fabric, to encourage tissue in-growth.
  • the spanning structure 32 also may be made of, or include a covering or coating made of, a material to encourage tissue in-growth.
  • the lower pad portion 30 has a circular shape and the upper pad portion 34 has an oblong shape.
  • the oblong shape of the upper pad portion 34 has the advantage of inducing relatively extensive shape change along the periphery of the valve annulus, preferably during the entire cardiac cycle. Therefore, in an embodiment, the length, and shape of the upper pad portion may extend a significant distance around the valve annulus.
  • the upper pad portion 34 may extend from about 1 cm in length to about 10 cm in length, depending on the desired shape change of the valve annulus.
  • the width of the upper pad portion 34 is preferably relatively narrow, so as to concentrate its shape change impact to the region near the valve annulus.
  • the upper pad portion 34 may be positioned near, but below, the valve annulus. In other embodiments of the present invention, the upper pad portion may be positioned directly on the exterior surface of the annulus or somewhat above the annulus to contact the left atrium wall. The position of the upper pad portion preferably avoids direct compressive contact with important vascular structure near or on the exterior surface of the heart. Significant coronary vasculature often lies on or near the atrio-ventricular groove 36 , which corresponds with the posterior annular region of the mitral valve. For this reason, it may be desirable to position the upper pad portion onto the left atrial surface.
  • Anchor assembly 28 permits selection of a position that causes valve annulus shape change relatively independent from the positioning of the ventricular splints that cause ventricular shape change.
  • the incorporation of an anchor assembly 28 is most suitable for instances where the desired shape change for the mitral valve is relatively co-planar with the main ventricular shape change splints.
  • anchor assembly 28 provides for annulus shape change without the need for an additional MV splint, such as that shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b.
  • FIG. 4 b An alternative embodiment of a splint with a mitral valve anchor assembly according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 b .
  • the tension member 16 was connected to the spanning structure 32 approximately in the middle of the spanning structure 3 , yielding a relatively stable structure that remains substantially parallel to the exterior surface of the heart.
  • the embodiment of the anchor assembly 28 ′ shown in FIG. 4 b places the ventricular shape change caused by the lower pad portion 30 ′ below the end of the tension member 16 ′.
  • the anchor assembly 28 ′ illustrated in FIG. 4 b is similar to the anchor assembly 28 of FIG. 4 a , except that the tension member 16 ′ is anchored within the lower pad portion 30 ′.
  • a second spanning structure 33 is provided to mechanically connect the anchor assembly 28 ′ to an anchor pad 14 of the splint disposed below the superior-most splint.
  • This second spanning structure 33 also may be integrally formed with the anchor assembly 28 ′ and, in turn, with the anchor pad 14 .
  • the second spanning structure 33 can be a separate component connecting anchor assembly 28 ′ and anchor pad 14 ′ once they are positioned with respect to the heart. This could be done, for example, by mechanical fastening, such as with screws or the like.
  • FIG. 4 c A further alternative anchor assembly 28 ′′ is shown in FIG. 4 c .
  • This anchor assembly 28 ′′ is similar to the anchor assembly 28 shown in FIG. 4 a , except that anchor assembly 28 ′′ also includes one or more additional papillary pad portions 35 connected to lower pad portion 30 ′′ at a location substantially opposite to spanning structure 32 ′′
  • the papillary pad portion or portions 35 serve to provide one or more additional sites of deformation of the ventricular wall, preferably to further reposition one or both papillary muscles to aid in appoistion of the valve leaflets.
  • the papillary pad portions 35 may be formed integrally with the anchor assembly 28 ′′ or may be separate and connected thereto via suitable connection mechanisms.
  • the optimal orientation of shape change for improving the mitral valve function may be significantly offset from the position and orientation of transventricular splints 14 . It is therefore desirable to have an approach to cause mitral valve shape change at positions away from the transventricular splints 14 , and even more desirably, without the addition of another splint structure traversing the ventricle.
  • FIG. 5 a shows such an approach according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 a shows an accessory anchor pad structure 40 attached to a connection member, shown as a runner 42 .
  • Runner 42 connects at its ends to both anchor pads 18 of preferably the superior-most splint assembly 14 .
  • runner 42 may connect to one anchor pad 18 and extend between that anchor pad 18 and structure 40 .
  • the accessory pad structure 40 is positioned at the location on the heart wall that yields the greatest improvement in MVR, as determined with repeated probing and deforming at the exterior of the heart proximate the mitral valve annulus, as described above in connection with positioning the MV splint 20 in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b.
  • accessory anchor pad structure 40 may be of the same shape and material as the anchor pads 18 . While this embodiment may result in significantly improved MVR in some instances, in another embodiment, accessory pad 40 may take a form, including shape and material, similar to the anchor assemblies 28 , 28 ′, 28 ′′ shown in FIGS. 4 a - 4 c . This latter configuration permits positioning accessory pad 40 at a position higher than the level of the anchor pads 18 of the superior-most transventricular splint, resulting in even greater shape change to the mitral valve annulus.
  • accessory pad 40 would include, in addition to characteristics of anchor assembly 28 , 28 ′, 28 ′′, shown in FIGS. 4 a - 4 c , a connecting mechanism 41 which would allow for adjustable positioning and securing of the accessory pad 41 to runner 42 .
  • a connecting mechanism 41 which would allow for adjustable positioning and securing of the accessory pad 41 to runner 42 .
  • a locking screw 43 may be used to secure runner 42 to pad 41 .
  • Other mechanisms suitable for securing the pad 41 to the runner 42 and permitting adjustment of the pad position along the runner are within the scope of the present invention.
  • Runner 42 preferably includes a wire-like, or braid-like, structure which secures to each of the splint anchor pads 18 also through any suitable means, such as, for example, a locking screw mechanism 44 , a pinning connection for a braid-like runner, or the like.
  • FIG. 5 b shows an alternative embodiment for connecting an accessory anchor pad assembly 50 to a runner 52 and for connecting runner 52 to anchor pads 18 .
  • Each end of runner 52 connects to a connection mechanism in the form of a cap 54 .
  • Each cap 54 locks in place over a pad 18 .
  • At least one of the caps 54 includes an adjustable locking mechanism for adjusting the length of the runner 52 between the caps 54 , and also thereby adjusting the position of the accessory pad 50 on the heart wall, and locking the runner 52 to cap 54 .
  • runner 52 is a braid formed of a high strength polymer, such as that used in the tension members described in the '049 application incorporated above.
  • a suitable connection mechanism includes the use of one or more pins 56 placed through the braided runner 52 and connected to cap 54 through a flange 58 , for example, situated on the cap 54 .
  • This pinning connection mechanism may be similar to the connection used for the braided tension members and anchor pads shown and described in the '049 application. The same connection mechanism may be used to connect accessory pad 50 to braided runner 52 .
  • the braided runner 52 may more directly connect to anchor pads 18 , without the use of caps 54 , by, for example, a pinning securement mechanism incorporated into the superior splint pads themselves.
  • the external anchor pad assembly 50 including the runner 52 and anchor pads 18 , can be used without the transventricular splint to improve valve function by causing a shape change to the valve annulus without an overall shape change to the left ventricle.
  • a mechanism that may exacerbate MVR is the relative rotation of the papillary muscles PM and the adjacent left ventricular wall as the transventricular splints 14 are tightened into position. This relative rotation results in slack in some chordae and tightening in other chordae, which may “pull” one valve leaflet (or portion of the leaflet) while “loosening” the other valve leaflet (or portion of the leaflet).
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a device according to the present invention that would alleviate this rotation phenomenon.
  • FIG. 6 shows an accessory splint 70 connected to the superior-most ventricular splint 14 by a connecting bar 60 .
  • Accessory splint 70 and connecting bar 60 preferably are placed at approximately the same level along the ventricular wall as splint 14 .
  • Splint 14 preferably is positioned near to, and in this case medial to, the anterior papillary muscle PM.
  • Accessory splint 70 then is positioned through the septum S, across the left ventricle LV, and through the ventricular free wall between the papillary muscles PM, similar to MV splint 20 described in connection with FIGS. 3 a and 3 b but at about the same level as the superior splint 14 .
  • Connecting bar 60 attaches to the ends of tension members 16 and 72 at their left ventricular “free wall” ends. Both tension members 16 and 72 are tensioned, pressing connecting bar 60 into the left ventricle and effecting shape change to the ventricle and the mitral valve annulus. Connecting bar 60 prevents rotation of the left ventricle LV in the region of the anterior papillary muscle PM and causes uniform tensioning of the chordae associated with that papillary muscle PM and any associated ventricular wall. This is believed to lessen any degradation in MVR, and potentially improve the MVR, because the papillary muscles PM are brought to a more desired position, with less rotation, particularly as to the anterior papillary muscle.
  • FIGS. 2 a to 6 The embodiments of the present invention described in connection with FIGS. 2 a to 6 have been described in connection with the use of transventricular splints used to geometrically reshape a chamber of the heart and thereby lessen heart wall stresses and reduce dilatation. While the devices and related methods described herein would further benefit the ventricular splinting procedure and its effects, the devices and related methods of the present invention may be used independent of the ventricular splinting to improve dilatation and instead be used for repairing heart valves, and particularly mitral valves, without the use of adjunctive ventricular splints. For example, a mitral valve splint such as that shown in FIGS. 3 a , 3 b , and 3 c could be utilized without additional ventricular shape change splints.
  • an external splint 199 having a generally U-shaped configuration and including an anterior arm 199 a and a posterior arm 199 b , is positioned with respect to the left ventricle to create a substantially bi-lobed shape.
  • the U-shaped external splint is made from a material that permits the splint to elastically deform under operationalloads and also from a material that is biocompatible. Examples of preferred materials include e-PTFE, or a polyester such as Dacron, for example.
  • a runner 298 similar to the runner described with reference to FIGS. 5 a and 5 b , attaches at its ends to the arms 199 a , 199 b .
  • An accessory anchor pad 299 also similar to the accessory anchor assembly discussed with reference to FIGS. 5 a and 5 b , attaches to the connecting runner 298 .
  • the runner 298 and accesory anchor pad 299 are positioned with respect to the heart so as to alter the shape of the mitral valve annuls to assist in coaptation of the valve leaflets.
  • the runner and accessory anchor pad could be positioned so as to provide a repositioning of the papillary muscles, also to assist in coaptation of the valve leaflets.
  • an accessory splint such as MV splint 20 shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b may include an anchor assembly 28 as shown in FIG. 4 and/or an accesory anchor pad structure 40 or 50 shown in FIGS. 5 a and 5 b.
  • the endovascular techniques which will be described hereinafter do not require performing a sternotomy or removing portions of the heart tissue, nor do they require opening the heart chamber or stopping the heart during operation.
  • Such percutaneous insertion permits the splinting procedures to be performed in a wide variety of laboratories in the hospital.
  • the techniques for implanting the devices of the present invention also are less risky to the patient, both during and after the implantation, and may be performed more quickly than other techniques.
  • the procedures of the invention cause less pain to patients and permit quicker healing.
  • certain endovascular splinting techniques to be described may limit bleeding at access sites, allowing relatively large catheters, cannula, and other similar implantation tools to be inserted in a percutaneous manner.
  • FIGS. 8-17 An embodiment of an endovascular splinting technique according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 8-17 .
  • this splinting technique access to the left ventricle LV and delivery of the splint occurs from within the right ventricle RV.
  • An approach from within the right ventricle is preferred for a number of reasons.
  • the right ventricle is highly accessible through venous structure that leads into the superior vena cava VC, for example from the right or left jugular veins. Since these veins typically are at a relatively low pressure, bleeding at the access sites is limited, and rather large catheters, cannula and the other like surgical tools can be inserted into the veins in a percutaneous manner.
  • this technique permits access to vascular structure without a sternotomy or other open chest surgical access, thereby minimizing trauma to the patient. Additionally, patients are less likely to experience embolic events. Recovery times for the operation also are reduced, due to the minimally invasive nature of such procedures.
  • delivery through the right ventricle allows for straightforward positioning of the splints on the ventricular septal wall SW.
  • Such positioning on the septal wall is preferable because it results in good left ventricle bisection, in a manner believed to have minimal negative impact on mitral valve function, and in some instances, a positive impact on mitral valve function and performance.
  • delivery through the right ventricle does not involve the free wall of the right ventricle and also does not restrict outflow of the blood from the heart.
  • a shaped guide device in the form of a delivery catheter 1100 is advanced into right ventricle RV from an access site preferably in the left or right jugular vein.
  • Other access sites such as, for example, the left or right subclavian vein also are contemplated.
  • the catheter 1100 has a tip portion 1101 configured to be adjustably and variably curved through the use of an adjusting pull-wire 1104 .
  • the pull-wire 1104 attaches to the distal most end of the catheter, has a portion that extends exterior the catheter at the distal end of the catheter, and then extends through the catheter to a proximal end of the catheter where it is controlled.
  • pull wire 1104 may be an essentially straight wire that, when pulled (or tensioned), causes tip portion 1101 to curve.
  • a pull wire may take the form of a tether, such as described below with reference to the curved catheter having pull wire 1405 in FIG. 30 .
  • the proximal end of the pull-wire 1405 can be pulled and released to thereby cause the distal tip of the catheter to curve and to straighten as desired.
  • the position of the catheter tip can be curved by adjusting the pull-wire and also advanced or rotated, or both, by advancing or rotating the catheter with respect to the right ventricle and septal wall.
  • each balloon 1102 , 1103 is in fluid communication with a corresponding inflation lumen 1102 ′, 1103 ′ that extends proximally to an inflating means (not shown).
  • a lumen 1101 ′ configured to carry a piercing needle also extends through the length of catheter 1100 .
  • delivery catheter 1100 additionally defines a lumen 1106 ′ for carrying a preformed support wire 1106 , which expands upon advancement of support wire 1106 relative to catheter 1100 .
  • the wire 1106 takes on a hoop-like shape which gives mechanical “back up” support to delivery catheter 100 .
  • the support wire 1106 also helps to position the catheter 1100 within the right ventricle to allow for positioning within the right ventricle RV and with respect to the septal wall SW.
  • the support wire 1106 is preferably made from an elastic material, such as a nickel-titanium alloy or the like, and has a preformed shape at or near a distal end of the wire configured to stabilize and position the catheter 1100 .
  • the catheter 1100 preferably also includes radiographic and echogenic markers (not shown), such as metallic or gas-filled structures, or relatively small balloons filled with a contrast media, to facilitate positioning of the catheter under fluoroscopic and/or ultrasonic guidance, such as transesophageal echo (TEE).
  • TEE transesophageal echo
  • needle 1105 is then advanced through the lumen in catheter 1100 and out of tip portion 1101 , piercing the septal wall SW, and extending across the left ventricle chamber LV.
  • needle 1105 is fabricated of a highly elastic material such as, for example, nickel titanium alloy, which will allow the needle to traverse the bend at the tip of the delivery catheter, and then to straighten out for controlled traversing across left ventricle LV.
  • FIG. 22 shows the distal portion of needle 1105 in greater detail.
  • needle 1105 includes a sharpened tip which may have threads 1107 disposed around the outer surface of the tip portion. These threads 1107 preferably are flexible such that they can lay substantially flat along the length of needle 1105 as the needle traverses through the catheter lumen. Alternatively, the tip may include barbs or other similar structures that aid in anchoring the tip in the heart wall.
  • needle 1105 Once needle 1105 is across the left ventricle chamber, its position is confirmed by TEE, X-Ray, or other visualization techniques, to assure good bisection and avoidance of key mitral valve and other heart structure.
  • Conventional angiography utilizing a “pigtail” catheter. i.e., a dye injection catheter with a loop shape at the distal end, in the left ventricle LV and angiography catheters in one or both coronary artery ostia may also be used to aid in proper positioning of the associated delivery devices in the LV. It also is important to assure that needle 1105 will not penetrate or damage any significant coronary vasculature. To assure this, an angiogram may be performed.
  • the angiographic image is aligned to a position that looks down the axis of the needle in the portion of the needle which traverses the left ventricle LV.
  • This angle will limit parallax to ensure that if the tip of the needle is not coincident with a significant vessel it will not pierce such vessel. Any small variation in the position of the needle tip can be adjusted by gentle manipulation of the delivery catheter.
  • needle 1105 has soft threads 1107 disposed on the surface of a tip portion of the needle, as shown in FIG. 22 .
  • Needle 1105 can be advanced into the free wall HW of the left ventricle LV by rotating the needle, essentially causing the tip portion of the needle to be pulled or screwed into the myocardium. Threads 1107 also serve to anchor needle 1105 and provide support for the further advancement of delivery catheter 1100 .
  • delivery catheter 1100 is straightened and advanced over needle 1105 into left ventricle LV.
  • a tapered tip 1101 on delivery catheter 1100 enables catheter 1100 to penetrate the septal and free walls SW, HW.
  • both balloons 1102 and 1103 are inflated, as shown in FIG. 10 , to stabilize catheter 1100 with respect to the heart chamber.
  • these balloons 1102 , 1103 are made of an elastomeric material, such as latex or silicone, for example, to provide a relatively low profile in the non inflated state.
  • balloons 1102 , 1103 preferably have a flattened, “pancake” shape. This shape may be particularly important for distal balloon 1103 , as it lies in the space between the outside of the myocardium and the pericardial sac.
  • Insufflation can occur with the use of a small lumen provided inside needle 1105 . Once needle 1105 is across the myocardium, the C02 can be infused.
  • an elongate tension member 1200 with a heart-engaging assembly preferably in the form of a collapsible fixed anchor mechanism 1201 (free wall anchor), on its distal end can be inserted into the lumen of catheter 1100 .
  • Tension member 1200 is advanced until it begins to emerge from the tip portion 1101 of delivery catheter 1100 , as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 11 shows a preferred structure for fixed anchor mechanism 1201 in its fully expanded state after being secured with respect to the heart wall.
  • tension member 1200 is comprised of a braided polymer, such as that disclosed in the '049 application incorporated by reference above.
  • a cover of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) (not shown) preferably covers the majority of the length of tension member 1200 .
  • ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Each bundle 1210 in the braid structure is attached via suturing, adhesive, or other suitable attachment mechanism, to a flexible elastic ring 1203 .
  • Ring 1203 preferably is comprised of nickel titanium, or an elastomeric polymer such as silicone or urethane, or other suitable like materials. This attachment of the bundles to the ring is best shown in FIG. 20 .
  • the braided structure transitions from a tight woven braid to a region that is primarily unbraided at a position slightly proximal to the ring.
  • flexible elastic ring 1203 can be easily deformed into a flattened hoop, without bundles 1210 inhibiting this deformation.
  • tension member 1200 has as it is advanced through the lumen of delivery catheter 1100 .
  • a stiffening mandrel may be disposed either inside or adjacent the braided portion of the tension member.
  • tension member 1200 is advanced until flexible ring 1203 fully emerges from the lumen of delivery catheter 1100 .
  • anchor mechanism 1201 has sufficient strength to serve as an anchor and allows bundles 1210 to take on a funnel shape, as shown in FIG. 20 .
  • a securing band 1204 ( FIG. 21 ) is advanced along the outside of braided tension member 1200 , until the bundles tighten into a generally spoke like configuration, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 .
  • a flexible pushing tube (not shown), or other suitable mechanism, may be used to advance securing band 1204 .
  • Securing band 1204 preferably has circumferential ribs 1204 ′ on its inner surface that are oriented proximally, as shown in FIG. 21 . Ribs 1204 ′ allow for the band 1204 to be advanced distally, while preventing proximal slipping. Once positioned, the securing band 1204 maintains anchor mechanism 1201 in a relatively flat profile, as shown in FIG. 18 .
  • FIG. 13 shows tension member 1200 and fixed anchor 1201 in a fully deployed configuration with respect to the heart. After fixed anchor 1201 of tension member 1200 is deployed, anchor balloons 1102 , 1103 on delivery catheter 1100 are deflated, and the delivery catheter is removed from tension member 1200 and out of the heart.
  • a second heart-engaging assembly preferably in the form of an adjustable anchor pad 1205 (septal wall anchor) is advanced over tension member 1200 using a deployment tool 1209 , as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • Adjustable anchor pad 1205 is similar in many ways to the adjustable pad assembly and deployment mechanism disclosed in the '049 application incorporated above, as will be explained.
  • pad 1205 preferably has an oval, as opposed to circular, configuration. Such an oval configuration facilitates introduction of the pad into the access site in the vasculature.
  • a through hole 1205 ′ extending through this pad is angled relative to the pad surface, to allow pad 1205 to be oriented in a more parallel fashion to the tension member 1200 as it is advanced along the tension member 1200 , as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • Adjustable pad 1205 is advanced using deployment tool 1209 over tension member 1200 in essentially a “monorail” fashion, allowing anchor pad 1205 to be oriented substantially adjacent and parallel to tension member 1200 as tension member 1200 slides through throughhole 1205 ′.
  • a tightening device 1206 preferably in the form of a tube, is advanced over the outside of the tension member until the distal end of the tightening device 1206 engages the adjustable pad 1205 .
  • Manipulation of the tightening device 1206 relative to tension member 1200 positions adjustable pad 1205 and tension member 1200 into a position so as to alter the shape of the left ventricle LV.
  • adjustable pad 1205 is deployed by manipulation of the deployment tool 1209 , in a manner similar to the technique disclosed in the '049 application. That is, the deployment tool 1209 includes an actuator wire that is pre-engaged with an engagement collar (not shown) in adjustable pad assembly 1205 such that when the actuator wire is pulled, the engagement collar travels through various channels disposed within the adjustable anchor pad 1205 .
  • the engagement collar causes securement members, preferably in the form of pins or staples, such as staple 1218 shown in FIG. 17 , to move within the pad to engage with the braided tension member structure running through the pad.
  • FIG. 16 shows adjustable pad 1205 secured onto tension member 1200 adjacent septal wall SW within right ventricle RV after the tightening device 1206 and the deployment tool 1209 have been removed.
  • a trimming catheter 1207 containing a wire in a snare like loop 1208 is advanced along the excess length of tension member 1200 to a position proximate the secured adjustable pad 1205 .
  • the wire forming snare-like loop 1208 can be heated such that upon retraction of snare loop 1208 within the lumen of catheter 1207 , the excess length of tension member 1200 is thermally severed and can be removed.
  • the wire loop may also have a sharpened edge along its inside periphery to cut tension member 1200 as loop 1208 is retracted into catheter 1207 .
  • Other suitable cutting mechanisms may be used and are contemplated as within the scope of the invention.
  • FIGS. 17 and 44 show fully deployed splints 1220 , 2000 in position with respect to the left ventricle LV of the heart.
  • additional splints may be positioned as needed or desired in the left ventricle LV or other chambers of the heart, including near the mitral valve to help improve valve function, as disclosed elsewhere herein.
  • three splints are positioned in a spaced, approximately parallel relationship from positions on the ventricular septum SW to positions on the ventricular free wall HW.
  • the splints are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 44 .
  • splints can be positioned across the left ventricle via an endovascular route leading directly into the left ventricle rather than through the right ventricle.
  • the access site is located in one of the femoral arteries, in a manner similar to many cardiology procedures, for example.
  • this route requires advancing delivery tools retrograde across the aortic valve, this delivery route permits the delivery catheter to be placed in approximately the middle of, rather than outside, the left ventricle, thus yielding a more symmetrical approach.
  • the ability to position the splint to achieve a good bisection of the left ventricle therefore may be enhanced since the bisection may be easier to visualize prior to implanting the splints.
  • the direct left ventricle delivery approach uses a guide device, preferably in the form of a delivery catheter, of a different structure than that used in the right ventricle delivery approach.
  • a delivery catheter 1300 for the left ventricle delivery approach is positioned in the left ventricle LV from the aorta A, with access through the femoral artery.
  • Delivery catheter 1300 includes a main catheter 1301 and two curved catheters 1302 , 1303 extending from main catheter 1301 and configured to curve in substantially opposite directions to one another.
  • Main catheter 1301 defines two side by side lumens (not shown) extending along the length of the catheter.
  • Each curved catheter 1302 , 1303 is disposed inside a respective lumen of catheter 1300 and is capable of moving relative to main catheter 1300 within the lumen.
  • Curved catheters 1302 , 1303 each have two anchoring balloons disposed near their distal ends and lumens in fluid communication with each balloon to facilitate inflation, in a manner similar to that described with respect to the right ventricle delivery catheter shown in FIG. 23 .
  • Curved catheters 1302 , 1303 are independently manipulable, both in axial translation and in rotation relative to the main catheter.
  • curved catheters 1302 , 1303 can have the form of the adjustably curvable catheters discussed with reference to FIGS. 8 and 30 . That is, it is contemplated that a pull-wire could be used to independently and adjustably curve the end portions of each catheter, thereby allowing for more control over the curve of the tip portion of each catheter.
  • curved catheters 1302 , 1303 are advanced with their respective distal anchoring balloons 1304 , 1305 inflated.
  • Distal balloons 1304 , 1305 serve to act as protective bumpers on the curved catheters so as to avoid damaging various heart structures as the catheters traverse the ventricle.
  • the curvature of catheters 1302 , 1303 causes the tips of the catheters to deflect laterally until the distal balloons 1304 , 1305 of each catheter 1302 , 1303 contact the inside surface of the left ventricle LV, at the septal wall SW and free wall HW, respectively.
  • the curved catheters press against each other to form a self-supporting structure which remains in place during the beating of the heart.
  • sharpened wires 1306 , 1307 similar to the one described above in the right ventricle delivery method and shown in detail in FIG. 22 , are advanced into the myocardium, as shown in FIG. 25 .
  • catheters 1302 , 1303 are manipulated under ultrasonic and/or fluoroscopic guidance until the tips of the curved catheters are in a desired position on the free wall and septal wall for splint attachment. This permits a good bisection of the left ventricle LV and the avoidance of significant coronary structure.
  • a “pigtail” catheter may also be used to help visualization and positioning of the devices, preferably with a diagnostic catheter in the coronary ostia.
  • sharpened wires 1306 , 1307 also have soft, preferably polymeric, threads 1306 ′, 1307 ′ disposed on their surfaces around their distal ends, to allow for screwing into the myocardium.
  • Curved catheters 1302 , 1303 then are advanced with both anchor balloons deflated over wires 1306 , 1307 , similar to the step described above in the right ventricle approach. After catheters 1302 , 1303 have been advanced across the ventricular walls SW, HW at the appropriate positions, both balloons on each of curved catheters 1302 , 1303 are inflated to keep the catheters securely positioned and stabilized with respect to the chamber walls, as shown in FIG. 26 .
  • a tension member 1200 with a first heart-engaging assembly, preferably in the form of a deployable fixed anchor pad mechanism 1201 (free wall anchor), on its distal end, similar to the tension member and deployable fixed pad mechanism discussed with respect to the right ventricle delivery method, is inserted into curved catheter 1303 engaging the free wall HW, as shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 .
  • Fixed pad 1201 deploys in a manner similar to that of the right ventricle delivery approach. After fixed pad 1201 is deployed, curved catheter 1303 is removed, as shown in FIG. 27 .
  • the free end of tension member 1200 opposite to the end on which fixed pad 1201 is secured is inserted into the proximal end of curved catheter 1302 that is engaged with septal wall SW.
  • Tension member 1200 is then advanced through the lumen of catheter 1302 until it extends out of the distal end of the catheter and into right ventricle RV.
  • a conventional snare 1315 for example with a wire loop on its distal end, may be positioned in the right ventricle through an access site, preferably in a jugular vein, for example.
  • snare 1315 captures tension member 1200 and pulls tension member 1200 out of right ventricle RV and out of the patient's body.
  • FIG. 28 shows tension member 1200 after the free end has been snared and pulled out of the jugular vein access site.
  • Tension member 1200 preferably is long enough to allow for the withdrawal of catheter 1303 that engages the free wall HW, the re-advancement of tension member 1200 into catheter 1302 that engages the septal wall SW, and the withdrawal of tension member 1200 out of the right ventricle RV and the access site. Additionally, the proximal loop extending out the femoral access site (shown in FIG. 27 ) must still have enough length for the second catheter to be withdrawn.
  • FIG. 29 shows tension member 1200 after curved catheter 1302 has been fully removed.
  • tension member 1200 is in a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 14 , and the technique described with reference to the right ventricle approach above to deliver and secure a second heart-engaging assembly, preferably in the form of an adjustable anchor pad (septal wall anchor), onto tension member 1200 adjacent the septal wall SW to finish the splint deployment across the left ventricle LV can be used.
  • a second heart-engaging assembly preferably in the form of an adjustable anchor pad (septal wall anchor)
  • the left ventricle delivery method and right ventricle delivery method differ only up to the point of delivery of the adjustable pad, and after that the steps may be the same.
  • FIGS. 30-37 illustrate yet another embodiment of a method for delivering and implanting a splint across the left ventricle from a free wall HW to a septal wall SW.
  • the method shown in these figures is similar in many respects to the right ventricle delivery technique described above. However, the method to be described differs from the previously discussed right ventricle approach in that the splint is advanced across the left ventricle LV over a small hollow guidewire or needle of the type shown in FIGS. 31-34 . Additionally, an alternative free wall deployable anchor structure is described.
  • a guide device again preferably in the form of a delivery catheter 1400 , is positioned in the right ventricle RV from an access point, such as, preferably the right jugular vein, for example.
  • Delivery catheter 1400 has a similar structure as delivery catheter 1100 used in the right ventricle delivery technique described above. However, delivery catheter 1400 does not advance into and across the left ventricle LV, as did delivery catheter 1100 .
  • Catheter 1400 has a curved distal tip portion 1400 ′.
  • a tether, or pull-wire, 1405 connected to distal tip portion 1400 ′ is configured to adjust the angle or curvature of the tip portion 1400 ′.
  • Tether 1405 runs inside a lumen 1420 disposed adjacent catheter 1400 , or, alternatively, within catheter 1400 . Pulling proximally on tether 1405 causes tip portion 1400 ′ to deflect laterally.
  • Delivery catheter 1400 also includes a pre formed support wire 1410 configured to extend via advancement of the support wire from another lumen 1421 disposed adjacent catheter 1400 on a side substantially opposite to the side lumen 1420 is.
  • Support wire 1410 not only assists to maintain the placement of tip portion 1400 ′ of delivery catheter 1400 within right ventricle RV in the appropriate position, but also assists in positioning the tip portion 1400 ′ near the center of right ventricle RV relative to the anterior and posterior ends of the right ventricle, as a result of the shape and size of the support wire.
  • Alternative shapes of the pre formed support wire also are contemplated which would facilitate tip positioning and support in other desired positions within right ventricle RV.
  • a hollow sharpened metallic guidewire, or needle, 1402 is advanced through a central lumen 1422 of delivery catheter 1400 , across the ventricular septum SW, and across the left ventricular chamber LV to free wall HW, as shown in FIG. 31 .
  • a combination of fluoroscopic and ultrasonic imaging are performed to assist in the guidance and confirmation of positioning for this delivery technique.
  • Appropriate radiographic or other suitable visible markers are positioned on the devices to facilitate this imaging, as described above.
  • Hollow guidewire 1402 has a sharpened tip 1402 ′ and defines a central lumen plugged near tip 1402 ′.
  • the material used to make guidewire 1402 preferably includes a superelastic nickel titanium alloy, or other similar like material.
  • Two elastomeric balloons, a distal balloon 1403 and a proximal balloon 1404 are secured near the distal end of guidewire 1402 slightly proximal to sharpened tip 1402 ′.
  • Distal balloon 1403 is in flow communication with central lumen 1422 of guidewire 1402 .
  • Proximal balloon 1404 is in fluid communication with an additional tube (not shown) positioned inside hollow guidewire 1402 . In this manner, each balloon 1403 , 1404 can be independently inflated and deflated as required.
  • Balloons 1403 , 1404 preferably are in a deflated condition as they are advanced across septal wall SW and then are inflated during advancement across the left ventricle LV. Inflating the balloons during advancement across the left ventricle LV may assist in visualizing the advancement path of the guidewire. To assist in such visualization, preferably the balloons are inflated with a radiographic contrast agent. The ability to visualize the advancement path of guidewire 1402 may prevent damage to various cardiac structure as well as assist in ensuring proper positioning of the guidewire on the free wall HW.
  • distal balloon 1403 As guidewire tip 1402 ′ approaches free wall HW, distal balloon 1403 is deflated, as shown in FIG. 32 , and the wire is further advanced into the free wall. Proximal balloon 1404 acts as a stop to limit advancement of guidewire 1402 through free wall HW. This may eliminate or minimize any damage to tissue outside free wall HW of left ventricle LV. Once fully advanced, distal balloon 1403 is re-inflated to secure the position of guidewire 1402 across the left ventricular chamber, as shown in FIG. 33 . It is preferred that the distance between balloons 1403 , 1404 approximates the thickness of the heart wall.
  • Proximal balloon 1404 is then deflated, as shown in FIG. 33 , and a splint advancement catheter 1406 carrying the tension member 1500 and fixed deployable anchor 1502 is advanced over guidewire 1402 , as shown in FIG. 35 .
  • a splint advancement catheter 1406 carrying the tension member 1500 and fixed deployable anchor 1502 is advanced over guidewire 1402 , as shown in FIG. 35 .
  • the structure of splint advancement catheter 1406 with respect to the delivery of the tension member 1500 and deployable anchor 1502 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 38 .
  • catheter 1406 defines a lumen 1406 ′ through which braided tension member 1500 is configured to extend.
  • Tension member 1500 is secured within a distal adhesive portion 1502 ′ of a deployable anchor 1502 .
  • This adhesive portion preferably is made of a high strength adhesive such as epoxy, or the like and is also configured to slide through lumen 1406 ′.
  • a lumen 1509 extends through fixed deployable anchor 1502 adjacent to tension member braid 1500 . This lumen also is formed simultaneously within adhesive portion 1502 ′ of anchor 1502 . Lumen 1509 and lumen 1406 ′ both pass over the outside of guidewire 1402 (not shown) as advancement catheter 1406 carrying tension member 1500 with deployable fixed anchor 1502 on one end is advanced across the left ventricle LV and through the free wall HW.
  • Anchor 1502 preferably is in the form of an elastic or superelastic metallic tube including a plurality of pre-formed tabs 1508 extending proximally from adhesive tube portion 1502 ′.
  • the tabs 1508 may be formed by several longitudinally-oriented cuts along a portion of the length of the tube. During advancement of tension member 1500 , tabs 1508 are prevented from flaring outward by the sheath defining lumen 1406 ′ of splint advancement catheter 1406 , as shown in FIG. 38 . Upon retraction of the sheath of splint advancement catheter 1406 , tabs 1508 are able to expand radially outwardly to their pre formed shape, thus defining distal anchor 1502 .
  • a separate push tube 1520 for pushing on anchor 1502 as the catheter 1406 is retracted from the tension member and fixed anchor assembly also is shown in FIG. 38 . Push tube 1520 is configured to pass over the outside of guidewire 1402 within lumen 1406 ′ adjacent tension member 1500 to engage with the adhesive portion 1502 ′ of anchor 1502 .
  • the deployable fixed anchor may have a structure similar to that described above with reference to the right ventricle and left ventricle delivery techniques.
  • the deployable anchor configurations described in connection with FIGS. 36-38 may be used in conjunction with other delivery techniques described above.
  • the deployable anchor structures described in connection with the previous splint embodiments can be utilized in conjunction with this embodiment.
  • Elongate tension member 1500 preferably is similar to that described above in connection with the right ventricle delivery method and comprises a braid of high strength polymer fibers, preferably Spectra or other suitable like ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • Tension member 1500 may also include a covering along its full length made of a thin expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. Alternatively, only the region of tension member 1500 which is disposed inside the ventricular chamber could include a covering.
  • Tension member 1500 is thus advanced into position by sliding splint advancement catheter 1406 carrying tension member 1500 and anchor 1502 over guidewire 1402 . That is, guidewire 1402 will be placed within lumen 1509 of anchor 1502 and then within lumen 1406 ′ of the catheter 1406 . The lumen 1406 ′ and the lumen 1509 will move relative to guidewire 1402 to advance catheter 1406 , tension member 1500 , and anchor 1502 in the configuration shown in FIG. 38 until deployable anchor 1502 protrudes beyond the myocardium of free wall HW. Once tension member 1500 and anchor 1502 are positioned appropriately with respect to the left ventricle and free wall HW, that is, when anchor 1502 retained within the catheter 1406 protrudes beyond the free wall HW as shown in FIG.
  • catheter 1406 is retracted off tabs 1508 .
  • This retraction of catheter 1406 enables tabs 1508 to expand radially outward from the remainder of deployable anchor 1502 .
  • Push tube 1520 is used to maintain the position of the tension member 1500 during the catheter's retraction to overcome any friction between catheter 1406 and tabs 1508 .
  • both catheter 1406 and push tube 1520 are removed from guidewire 1402 and then guidewire 1402 also is removed.
  • the proximal anchor may have a similar structure as the distal fixed deployable anchor or may be separately slidable and adjustable on the tension member (such as the adjustable anchor shown in FIGS. 14-17 ). The proximal anchor also may be pre-attached at an appropriate position on the tension member to provide the desired amount of ventricular shape change.
  • a one way “ratchet” or friction surface may be disposed on the inner surface of the tubular portion of the anchor to prevent its displacement in one direction.
  • the inner surface of the tubular portion of the anchor can be in the form of rings or flared protrusions 1380 that are angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of a tension member 1385 as it is inserted into an anchor 1388 .
  • the angled rings or protrusions 1380 are configured so as to permit movement of the anchor with respect to the tension member in one direction but prevent movement in the opposite direction.
  • the rings or protrusions would permit movement in the direction of the solid arrow, but prevent movement in the direction of the dotted arrow by essentially digging into the tension member surface.
  • a tightening device such as that described and shown in FIG. 15 may be utilized to advance the deployed anchor into position.
  • the anchor may be initially positioned such that when the sheath of the splint advancement catheter is further withdrawn, the proximal anchor also would deploy within the right ventricle RV adjacent to the septal wall SW.
  • the tightening device could then be used to advance the position of the proximal anchor to a desired position against the septal wall SW, as shown in FIG. 37 .
  • the delivery catheter itself could be used to advance the deployed proximal anchor to the desired position. Once the proximal anchor is positioned to its appropriate location, any excess tension member length extending beyond the proximal anchor may be severed in a manner similar to that described above in connection with FIG. 16 .
  • proximal anchor In the alternative case where proximal anchor is pre attached at a specified distance from the distal anchor, the left ventricle should be deformed prior to the pad deployment.
  • the delivery catheter can act as a temporary proximal anchor, while the tension member and distal anchor are pulled proximally.
  • the proximal anchor may be deployed upon further retraction of the sheath of the splint advancement catheter.
  • the distance between the distal and proximal anchors will be selected prior to delivery such that a desired shape change of the heart chamber may be obtained, since the adjustability of the shape change will be limited by the fixed position of the proximal anchor on the tension member.
  • the delivery catheter may then be removed and excess tension member severed, again as described with reference to FIG. 16 .
  • splint delivery methods and devices just described in connection with FIGS. 30-37 were in the context of a right ventricle approach, it is also contemplated to utilize the delivery devices and methods in a direct left ventricle approach as well.
  • a direct left ventricle approach two delivery catheters simultaneously could be utilized to position a splint from within the left ventricle in manners similar to those described with reference to FIGS. 24-29 .
  • FIGS. 39-42 Other embodiments of a deployable, fixed heart-engaging assembly, or anchor, also are contemplated as within the scope of the present invention and are shown in FIGS. 39-42 .
  • a preferred tension member used in the various embodiments of the present invention is described in the '049 application, incorporated by reference above, and is formed of several multifilament bundles of a high strength polymer. These bundles are braided together in a relatively tight configuration. Certain combinations of bundle size, number of bundles, and pick count, described in more detail in the '049 application, result in a braid with several preferred properties as also described in the '049 application, incorporated by reference above.
  • One property that may result from such a braid construction includes a relatively stable braid diameter that does not deform to a great extent if subjected to axial compression or internal radially-outward directed forces.
  • a braid formed with a lower pick count has a greater diametric expandability when subjected to such forces.
  • a braid woven of the same material and having approximately 16 to approximately 64 bundles and approximately 2 to approximately 15 picks per inch may more readily expand in diameter, upon the application of a radial force directed outwardly from within the braid.
  • This expandable property of a braid can be utilized in the formation of yet another alternative deployable anchor structure.
  • FIG. 39 is a relatively simplified schematic illustrating a tension member 150 formed of a braid of relatively low pick count in its natural (i.e., non-stressed) as braided condition.
  • the braid is uniformly relatively small in outer diameter D 1 .
  • the diameter D 1 of the braid remains relatively small.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates the same braided tension member 150 as in FIG. 39 , but shows the braid with a local application of an outward radially directed force from within the braid. Since the braid pick count is relatively low, the braid has the capacity to expand at the point of application of the radial force to a diameter D 2 , which is several times its original diameter D 1 .
  • FIG. 41 shows a tension member 1340 having a braid configuration such as that shown in FIGS. 39 and 40 utilized for an integral expandable distal anchor 1342 of tension member 1340 . At least a portion of the tension member 1340 is woven at a relatively low pick count to allow for that portion to form into the expandable distal anchor 1342 . Alternatively, the entire tension member 1340 can be uniformly woven at the relatively low pick count.
  • Several methods for creating an outward radial force from within the braid to form anchor 1342 are contemplated. These methods include using an elastic or shape memory wire disposed inside the braid of tension member 1340 during placement across the ventricular wall HW. A preferred wire 1345 is shown in FIG. 41 a .
  • Wire 1345 preferably has a natural shape in the form of a disc shaped spiral.
  • the spiral will have a straightened configuration.
  • the spiral shape of wire 1345 may be re established, thereby forcing the braided portion surrounding it to expand in diameter into a disc like shape, as shown in FIG. 41 .
  • the wire may either be pre-loaded into the tension member or may be advanced into the tension member once the tension member has been positioned with respect to the heart wall and the catheter has been retracted enough to expose a portion of the tension member that is outside the heart wall HW.
  • the force of the catheter on the wire keeps the wire in its straightened configuration.
  • the smaller diameter portion of the spiral forms first, and as more of the wire is advanced through the tension member beyond the catheter, the spiral grows in diameter until the full spiral is re established.
  • the large diameter portion of the spiral may form first, as the wire 1345 ′ is advanced.
  • a thin membrane preferably made of an elastic material for example, is disposed along the inside of the braid in the area where the spiral portion of wire 1345 is positioned.
  • wire 1345 preferably will remain together with the braid of tension member 1340 even after diametric expansion in order provide the anchoring rigidity needed to secure the splint in place on the heart.
  • the spiral portion of wire 1345 may carry a significant portion of the load of anchor 1342 .
  • the expanded braid forming anchor 1342 would become ingrown with scar tissue, and therefore a relatively large portion of the chronic mechanical loading may be carried by the filaments of the braid.
  • filaments of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has been shown to produce a tension member and anchor having high strength and high fatigue resistance.
  • a portion of the wire that does not form the spiral may be removed, for example by torquing the wire and breaking it at a location slightly proximal to the spiral.
  • the distal most region of the braid preferably is either fused or banded. This will prevent expansibility in those regions. Alternatively, those regions of the braided tension member could be woven with a higher pick count.
  • An alternative device for causing expansion of an expandable braid portion of a tension member 1540 includes an inflatable balloon disposed inside braided tension member at the expandable portion forming the anchor, as shown in FIG. 42 .
  • Inflatable balloon 1545 can be positioned in the desired location within tension member 1540 either before advancement of the tension member across the ventricular wall, or after, as shown in FIG. 42 .
  • balloon 1545 is formed of an elastomeric material such as silicone or urethane, or the like, and has a disc like shape upon expansion.
  • a lumen 1543 connecting the interior of balloon 1545 to an inflation device (not shown) may extend along the inside of braided tension member 1540 .
  • the material used to expand balloon 1545 includes a curable material such as RTV silicone, epoxy, urethane, or the like. Similar to the spiral anchor embodiment discussed above, the cured material forming the balloon may carry a significant load initially, but upon ingrowth of the expanded braided region of the tension member, the filaments of the braid would be the primary chronic load carrying members.
  • an expandable anchor would utilize an anchor similar to the expandable tab anchor described above with reference to FIGS. 36-38 .
  • that anchor would be merely temporary, and could be designed to be relatively small and low profile, for easy delivery, but may not have the adequate strength and durability to be a permanent chronic anchor.
  • a permanent anchor similar to the adjustable pad anchor assembly described in the '049 application incorporated above could be delivered as a replacement to that temporary anchor.
  • a snare device positioned within the port or trocar can be used to grab the temporary anchor and tension member and pull the anchor off of the tension member and outside of the patient.
  • An adjustable anchor pad as described in the '049 application and similar to the description of FIGS. 14 and 15 above then may be attached to the braid outside of the patient, using the staple methodology described previously with reference to FIG. 15 and the '049 application.
  • the anchor can then be pulled back into position by retracting the other end of the tension member via the length of the tension member that remains outside the jugular vein.
  • the septal wall anchor in this case preferably would be in the form of the solid anchor and delivered in the manner described above in conjunction with FIGS. 14-17 . Overall, this procedure would be a combination endovascular and “minimally invasive” surgical operation.
  • both anchor pads would be of a solid type construction.
  • An alternative proximal anchor also may utilize the expandable capability of a relatively low pick count braid, in a manner similar to that described above for the distal, or free wall, anchor.
  • the entire braid of the tension member preferably includes the relatively low pick count permitting diametric expansion.
  • the tension member and distal anchor could be delivered using any of the approaches described herein, but preferably one of the right ventricle approach methods. After the distal, or free wall, anchor is delivered, the proper ventricle shape change can be induced using a tightening device in the form of a simple tube, such as the one described above, but without the anchor shown in FIG. 15 .
  • a balloon or spiral wire type of expander device as described in connection with the distal anchors shown in FIGS.
  • a balloon type expansion device may also include a detachable inflation tube, such that when the balloon is inflated with a curable material, the inflation tube can be removed prior to the excess tension member length being severed. It is also contemplated that such an expandable proximal anchor can be secured to the end of the tension member at a location adjacent to an exterior surface of a heart wall other than the septal wall, such as a wall surrounding the right ventricle, for example.
  • the methods described above to place the splint assemblies with respect to the heart can be repeated for any desired number of splint assemblies to achieve a particular configuration.
  • the length of the tension members extending between the free wall and septal wall anchors also can be optimally determined based upon the size and condition of the patient's heart. It should also be noted that although the left ventricle has been referred to here for illustrative purposes, the apparatus and methods of this invention can be used to splint multiple chambers of a patient's heart, including the right ventricle or either atrium, or can be used to aid the function of valves, such as the mitral valve.
  • An example of a preferred position of a splint assembly 2000 improves mitral valve function, as well as reducing stress in the left ventricular walls.
  • the valve function is improved by aiding in the apposition of valve leaftlets when positioned as shown in FIG. 44 .
  • three splints are placed in a coplanar fashion, bisecting the left ventricle LV of the heart.
  • the superior-most splint 2000 is placed at approximately the level of the heads of the papillary muscles PM, and the additional two splints (not shown in FIG. 44 ) are placed inferiorly toward the apex.
  • the preferred orientation shown in FIG. 44 both bisects the left ventricle LV and avoids key structures such as coronary vessels and the like.
  • the splints according to this orientation also extend through the septum SW and enter a portion of the right ventricle RV.
  • heart-engaging assemblies 2002 , 2003 will be positioned adjacent an exterior surface of a free wall HW surrounding the left ventricle LV and adjacent an exterior surface of the septal wall SW within the right ventricle RV. Further details regarding splinting devices and methods for treating heart valves can be found elsewhere herein. Although any of the delivery methods described above could be used to implant the splint device in this manner, FIG.
  • FIG 43 shows a short axis cross-section of a heart and a preferred endovascular technique wherein the elongate tension member 2001 having a deployable fixed anchor 2002 on its distal end is delivered through the right ventricle RV and then into the left ventricle LV.
  • the alignments of the splints with respect to the heart that are described above are illustrative only and may be shifted or rotated about a vertical axis generally disposed through the left ventricle and still avoid the major coronay vessels and papillary muscles.
  • inventive devices and methods can be implanted to treat a heart having aneurysms or infarcted regions similar to those described in prior U.S. application Ser. No. 09/422,328 discussed earlier herein and incorported above.
  • the various components of the splint assembly to be implanted in the heart should be made of biocompatible material that can remain in the human body indefinitely. Any surface engaging portions of the heart should be atraumatic in order to avoid tissue damage and preferably formed of a material promoting tissue ingrowth to stabilize the anchor pad with respect to the surfaces of the heart.

Abstract

The various aspects of the invention pertain to devices and related methods for treating heart conditions, including, for example, dilatation, valve incompetencies, including mitral valve leakage, and other similar heart failure conditions. The devices and related methods of the present invention operate to assist in the apposition of heart valve leaflets to improve valve function. According to one aspect of the invention, a method improves the function of a valve of a heart by placing an elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and placing first and second anchoring members external the chamber. The first and second anchoring members are attached to first and second ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber so as to reposition papillary muscles within the chamber. Also described herein is a method for placing a splint assembly transverse a heart chamber by advancing an elongate member through vasculature structure and into the heart chamber.

Description

  • This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/762,513 filed Jan. 23, 2004 of Richard SCHROEDER et al. for METHODS AND DEVICES FOR IMPROVING MITRAL VALVE FUNCTION, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/680,435 filed Oct. 6, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,723,038 of Richard SCHROEDER et al. for METHODS AND DEVICES FOR IMPROVING MITRAL VALVE FUNCTION, the complete disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to devices and related methods for improving the function of heart valves, and more particularly to devices and related methods that passively assist in the apposition of heart valve leaflets to improve valve function of poorly functioning valves.
  • 2. Description of the Related Art
  • Heart failure is a condition whereby the left ventricle becomes enlarged and dilated as a result of numerous etiologies. Initial causes of heart failure include chronic hypertension, myocardial infarction, mitral valve incompetency, and other dilated cardiomyopathies. With each of these conditions, the heart is forced to overexert itself in order to provide the cardiac output demanded from the body during its various demand states. The result is an enlarged left ventricle.
  • A dilated heart, and particularly a dilated left ventricle, can significantly increase the tension and/or stress in the heart wall both during diastolic filling and systolic contraction, which contributes to ongoing dilatation of the chamber. Prior treatments for heart failure include pharmacological treatments, assist devices such as pumps, and surgical treatments such as heart transplant, dynamic cardiomyoplasty, and the Batista partial left ventriculectomy. These prior treatments are described briefly in U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,440 to Schweich, Jr. et al., issued Oct. 5, 1999 and entitled “Heart Wall Tension Reduction Apparatus and Method,” the complete disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • A more recent concept for treating heart failure applies one or more splints onto the heart, and particulary the left ventricle, to reduce the myocardial muscular stresses encountered during pumping. Many examples of such approaches are disclosed in the incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,440. One example includes one or more transventricular splints placed across the left ventricle. Each splint may include a tension member extending across the ventricle and anchors disposed on opposite ends of the tension member and placed on the external surface of the heart.
  • Mitral valve incompetency or mitral valve regurgitation is a common comorbidity of congestive heart failure. As the dilation of the ventricle proceeds, valve function may worsen. The resultant volume overload condition, in turn, increases ventricular wall stress thereby advancing the dilation process, which may further worsen valve dysfunction.
  • In heart failure, the size of the valve annulus (particularly the mitral valve annulus) increases while the area of the leaflets of the valve remains constant. This may lead to an area of less coaptation of the valve leaflets, and, as a result, eventually to valve leakage. Moreover, in normal hearts, the annular size contracts during systole, aiding in valve coaptation. In heart failure, there is poor ventricular function and elevated wall stress. These effects tend to reduce annular contraction and distort annular size, often exacerbating mitral valve regurgitation. In addition, as the chamber dilates, the papillary muscles (to which the leaflets are connected via the chordae tendonae) may move radially outward and downward relative to the valve, and relative to their normal positions. During this movement of the papillary muscles, however, the various chordae lengths remain substantially constant, which limits the full closure ability of the leaflets by exerting tension prematurely on the leaflets. This condition is commonly referred to as “chordal tethering.” The combination of annular changes and papillary changes results in a poorly functioning valve.
  • It has been observed that for at least certain placements, or orientations, of the one or more transventricular splints in humans, a pre-existing mitral valve incompetency can be exacerbated by the presence and impact of the tightened splints. The splints and the local deformation they impart may further alter the positions of the papillary muscles in such a way that the chordae do not allow as complete of a closure of the mitral valve, or that rotation of portions of the ventricular wall (to which additional chordae may be attached) may “tighten” one valve leaflet and “loosen” the other. In this manner, the leaflets may not close at the same level relative to the annulus, causing increased retrograde leakage through the valve.
  • Even in instances where the placement of splints does not contribute to further mitral valve leakage, it may be desirable to provide a therapy which could also correct the valve incompetency. A heart with even a small amount of regurgitation may benefit from not only the stress reducing functions of the ventricular splints as described above, but also from the elimination of the regurgitation, which will further off-load the pumping requirements of the myocardium.
  • While currently available methods of mitral valve repair or replacement are possible to employ in conjunction with ventricular splinting, they typically require opening the heart to gain direct access to the valve and its annulus. This type of access necessitates the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, which can introduce additional complications to the surgical procedure. Since the implantation of the splints themselves do not require the patient to be on cardiopulmonary bypass, it would be advantageous to devise a technique which could improve the mitral valve without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. The ability to improve the mitral valve function without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass would began advantage, both in conjunction with ventricular splinting, and also as a stand-alone therapy.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, one aspect of the invention comprises a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart. The method includes the steps of placing an elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and placing first and second anchoring members external to the chamber. The first and second anchoring members are attached to first and second ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber so as to reposition papillary muscles within the chamber.
  • According to another aspect, the invention comprises a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart. The method includes the steps of placing an elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that a first end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart between two papillary muscles, and a second end of the elongate member extends through a septum of the heart; placing a first anchoring member external the heart; and placing a second anchoring member inside the heart adjacent the septum. The first and second anchoring members are attached to the first and second ends of the elongate member respectively to fix the elongate member in a position across the heart chamber.
  • According to a further aspect, the invention comprises a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart. The method includes the steps of placing an elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart; and placing first and second anchoring members external the chamber. The first and second anchoring members are attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber. The position is superior to the papillary muscles and proximate and substantially across the valve.
  • According to an even further aspect, the invention comprises a splint for improving the function of a valve of a heart. The splint includes an elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and first and second anchoring members configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber. The first anchoring member includes a first portion configured to contact a first region of the heart proximate the valve to change a shape of the valve. Preferably, the first portion will contact a first region of the heart proximate the valve annulus to change the shape of the valve annulus.
  • According to another aspect, the invention comprises a splint for improving the function of a valve of a heart. The splint includes an elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, first and second anchoring members configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber, a third anchoring member connected to at least one of the first and second anchoring members by a connection member. The third anchoring member is configured to contact a region of the heart proximate the valve to change a shape of the valve.
  • According to a further aspect, the invention comprises a device for improving the function of a valve of a heart. The device includes a first splint having a first elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and a first anchoring member configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to a first end of the first elongate member. The device further includes a second splint having a second elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the second elongate member extends through a wall of the heart, and a second anchoring member configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to a first end of the second elongate member. The device also includes a connecting mechanism configured to be connected to the second ends of each of the first and second elongate members external the chamber and press the wall of the heart chamber to change a shape of the valve.
  • Yet a further aspect of the invention includes a method for improving cardiac function, comprising placing a first member relative to a heart chamber to alter the cross-sectional shape of the chamber and placing a second member relative to a valve of the heart chamber to assist in apposition of leaflets of the valve.
  • According to an even further aspect, the invention includes a method of improving the function of a valve of a heart comprising applying a force to an exterior surface of a wall surrounding a chamber of the heart substantially at a location of the valve to alter a shape of the valve.
  • Yet a further aspect of the invention includes a method for improving the function of a valve of a heart comprising placing a device relative to the heart to alter a shape of the valve and adjusting the device relative to the heart based on data obtained during the adjusting from real-time monitoring of valve function.
  • Another aspect of the present invention pertains to splint devices, and related splinting methods, for endovascular implantation on the heart. The splints of the present invention may be implanted endovascularly through remote vascular access sites. The inventive techniques and devices thus are minimally invasive and less risky to patients.
  • According to an aspect of the invention, a method for placing a splint assembly transverse a heart chamber comprises providing an elongate member having a first end and a second end and a deployable heart-engaging assembly connected to at least the first end. The method further includes advancing the elongate member through vasculature structure and into the heart chamber such that the first end of the elongate member extends through a first location of a wall surrounding the heart chamber and the second end extends through a second location of the heart chamber wall substantially opposite the first location. A deployable heart-engaging assembly is deployed such that it engages with a first exterior surface portion of the heart chamber wall adjacent the first location. The elongate member is secured with respect to the heart with a second heart-engaging assembly connected to the second end. The second heart-engaging assembly engages with a second exterior surface portion of the heart chamber wall adjacent the second location.
  • Another aspect of the invention includes a splint assembly for treating a heart, comprising an elongate member configured to extend transverse a chamber of the heart and at least one heart-engaging assembly formed at least partially from portions forming the elongate member. The heart-engaging assembly has a collapsed configuration adapted to travel through a heart wall and an expanded configuration adapted to engage the heart wall.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention includes a delivery tool for delivering a transventricular splint assembly to a chamber of the heart, comprising a tubular member having a distal end and a proximal end, the distal end having a curved configuration and the tube defining a lumen configured to carry at least a portion of the splint assembly. The delivery tool further includes at least one support mechanism disposed proximate the distal end of the tubular member, the support mechanism being configured to stabilize the tubular member with respect to a heart wall surrounding the chamber. The tubular member is configured to be advanced through vasculature structure and into the heart chamber.
  • It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the placement of splints according to an orientation for lessening myocardial muscular stresses;
  • FIG. 2 a is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the orientation of splints according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 2 b is a vertical cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing another orientation of ventricular shape change splints according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 3 a is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing an orientation of a mitral valve splint used in combination with a series of transventricular splints according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 3 b is an external view of a human heart showing the orientation of the mitral valve splint and series of transventricular splints of FIG. 3 a;
  • FIG. 3 c is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricle of a human heart showing a various orientations for a mitral valve splint used in combination with a series of transventricular splints according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 4 a is an external view of a human heart showing a series of transventricular splints, with the superior-most splint having an anchor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention that assists in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 4 b is an external view of a human heart showing a series of transventricular splints, with the superior most splint having an anchor structure and a connection mechanism between the superior most and middle anchors according to yet another embodiment of the present invention that assists in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 4 c is a perspective view of an anchor assembly for a transventricular splint according to yet another embodiment of the present invention that assists in apposition of valve leaflets and repositioning of papillary muscles;
  • FIG. 5 a is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the placement of splints according to an orientation for lessening myocardial muscular stresses with an accessory anchor assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention to assist in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 5 b is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing the placement of splints according to an orientation for lessening myocardial muscular stresses with an accessory anchor assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention to assist in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse cross section of the left and right ventricles of a human heart showing an orientation of a mitral valve splint used in combination with a series of transventricular splints, with an interconnecting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention for lessening myocardial muscular stresses and assisting in apposition of valve leaflets;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a heart with an external splint device and mitral valve anchor assembly and connecting mechanism disposed relative to the left ventricle to alter the shape of the left ventricle and to assist in apposition of valve leaflets according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a delivery catheter inserted endovascularly into the right ventricule according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a guide wire extending from the catheter of FIG. 8 through the septal wall, across the left ventricular chamber and into the free wall according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the deliver catheter of FIG. 8 positioned over the guidewire of FIG. 9 with positioning balloons inflated on either side of the free wall according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the insertion of a tension member into the delivery catheter of FIG. 10 for placement with respect to the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a deployed fixed anchor on the distal end of the tension member of FIG. 11 after being extended past the distal end of the delivery catheter according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the removal of the delivery catheter from the tension member of FIG. 12 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing the delivery of an adjustable anchor to be placed on the tension member of FIG. 13 adjacent the septal wall according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing the securing of the adjustable anchor of FIG. 14 to the tension member to change the shape of the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing a cutting snare inserted into the right ventricle to cut excess tension member length from the splint assembly of FIG. 15 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 17 is a vertical cross-section of the heart showing a splint assembly positioned with respect to the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 18 is a partial side view of the deployable anchor and tension member of FIGS. 12 and 13 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 19 is a top view of the anchor of FIG. 18 according to an aspect of the invention;
  • FIG. 20 is a partial perspective view of the deployable anchor and tension member of FIG. 18 prior to a securing band being placed to tighten the filament bundles on the elastic ring portion of the anchor according to an aspect of the invention;
  • FIG. 21 is a partial side view of the anchor and tension member of FIG. 18 showing the placement of the securing/tightening band according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 22 is a close-up, partial side view of the guidewire of FIG. 9 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 23 is a detailed, partial side cross-sectional view of the delivery catheter of FIGS. 8-13 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 24 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart showing a delivery catheter with two curved catheters inserted endovascularly through the aorta into the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 25 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart showing the curved delivery catheters of FIG. 24 with inflated distal balloons respectively in contact with the free wall and septal wall of the heart and with sharpened wires respectively extending through the free wall and septal wall of the heart according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 26 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart, showing a tension member delivered through the curved delivery catheter contacting the free wall of FIG. 25 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 27 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a heart showing the curved catheter contacting the free wall of FIG. 25 removed from the patient and the tension member being fed into a proximal end of the curved catheter contacting the septal wall of FIG. 25 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 28 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the tension member of FIG. 27 being advanced through the curved catheter, through the septal wall, into the right ventricle and out of the heart according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 29 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the tension member of FIG. 28 extended across the left ventricle after the curved delivery catheter of FIG. 28 has been removed according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 30 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a delivery catheter with a curved distal tip inserted into the right ventricle proximate the septal wall for delivering a splint assembly according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 31 is a vertical cross-sectional veiw of the heart with a guidewire with inflated balloons on a distal end extending from the delivery catheter of FIG. 30, through the septal wall, and across the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 32 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the guidewire of FIG. 31 with the distal balloon deflated and about to be advanced through the free wall of the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 33 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the guidewire of FIG. 32 advanced through the free wall until the proximal inflated balloon abuts the inside of the free wall and with the distal balloon inflated according to an aspect of the invention;
  • FIG. 34 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the guidewire in the position of FIG. 33 with the proximal balloon deflated according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 35 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing a splint advancement catheter placed over the guidewire of FIG. 34 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 36 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the splint advancement catheter of FIG. 35 being removed from a tension member and deployable anchor of the splint according to the present invention;
  • FIG. 37 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the heart showing the splint advancement catheter of FIG. 35 entirely removed and the splint assembly deployed across the left ventricle according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 38 is a partial, detailed cross-sectional view of the splint advancement catheter, tension member and distal anchor of FIG. 35 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 39 is a partial side view of a braided tension member according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 40 is a partial side view of a braided tension member having a diametrically expandable portion according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 41 is a partial perspective view of the tension member of FIG. 40 forming a free wall anchor at the diametrically expandable portion according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 41 a is a partial perspective view of a spiral-shaped deployable wire used to diametrically expand the tension member of FIG. 40 to form the anchor of FIG. 41 according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 41 b is a partial perspective view of a spiral-shaped deployable wire used to diametrically expand the tension member to form the anchor having a spiral formed in an opposite direction to the spiral of FIG. 41 a according to another aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 42 is a partial perspective view of a diametrically expandable tension member forming an anchor portion by using an inflated balloon within the expandable portion of the tension member to cause diametric expansion according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 43 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the heart showing a preferred placement of a tension member of a splint assembly to treat a mitral valve according to an aspect of the present invention;
  • FIG. 44 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the heart showing a splint assembly placed with respect to the heart to treat a mitral valve according to an aspect of the present invention; and
  • FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view of an anchor assembly with an inner surface permitting movement with respect to a tension member in only one direction according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • The various aspects of the invention to be discussed herein generally pertain to devices and methods for treating heart conditions, including, for example, dilatation, valve incompetencies, including mitral valve leakage, and other similar heart failure conditions. Each device of the present invention preferably operates passively in that, once placed in the heart, it does not require an active stimulus, either mechanical, electrical, or otherwise, to function. Implanting one or more of the devices of the present invention operates to assist in the apposition of heart valve leaflets to improve valve function. In addition, these devices may either be placed in conjunction with other devices that, or may themselves function to, alter the shape or geometry of the heart, locally and/or globally, and thereby further increase the heart's efficiency. That is, the heart experiences an increased pumping efficiency through an alteration in its shape or geometry and concomitant reduction in stress on the heart walls, and through an improvement in valve function.
  • The inventive devices and related methods offer numerous advantages over the existing treatments for various heart conditions, including valve incompetencies. The devices are relatively easy to manufacture and use, and the surgical techniques and tools for implanting the devices of the present invention do not require the invasive procedures of current surgical techniques. For instance, the surgical technique does not require removing portions of the heart tissue, nor does it necessarily require opening the heart chamber or stopping the heart during operation. For these reasons, the surgical techniques for implanting the devices of the present invention also are less risky to the patient than other techniques. The less invasive nature of the surgical techniques and tools of the present invention may also allow for earlier intervention in patients with heart failure and/or valve incompetencies.
  • The disclosed inventive devices and related methods involve geometric reshaping of the heart and treating valve incompetencies. In certain aspects of the inventive devices and related methods, substantially the entire chamber geometry is altered to return the heart to a more normal state of stress. Models of this geometric reshaping, which includes a reduction in radius of curvature of the chamber walls, can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,440 incorporated above. Prior to reshaping the chamber geometry, the heart walls experience high stress due to a combination of both the relatively large increased diameter of the chamber and the thinning of the chamber wall. Filling pressures and systolic pressures are typically high as well, further increasing wall stress. Geometric reshaping according to the present invention reduces the stress in the walls of the heart chamber to increase the heart's pumping efficiency, as well as to stop further dilatation of the heart.
  • Although many of the methods and devices are discussed below in connection with their use in the left ventricle and for the mitral valve of the heart, these methods and devices may be used in other chambers and for other valves of the heart for similar purposes. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the use of the devices and methods described herein also could be employed in other chambers and for other valves of the heart. The left ventricle and the mitral valve have been selected for illustrative purposes because a large number of the disorders that the present invention treats occur in the left ventricle and in connection with the mitral valve. It also is contemplated that the inventive endovascular splinting devices and methods will be used to support an infarcted heart wall to prevent further dilatation, or to treat aneurysms in the heart. U.S. application Ser. No. 09/422,328, filed on Oct. 21, 1999, entitled “Methods and Devices for Improving Cardiac Function in Hearts,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,420, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application and is incorporated by reference herein, discusses this form of heart failure in more detail. Furthermore, the devices disclosed herein for improving valve function can be “stand-alone” devices, that is, they do not necessarily have to be used in conjunction with devices for changing the shape of a heart chamber or otherwise reducing heart wall stress. It also is contemplated that a device for improving valve function may be placed relative to the heart without altering the shape of the chamber, and only altering the shape of the valve itself.
  • Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
  • A currently preferred orientation of transventricular splints for lessening myocardial muscular stresses is shown in FIG. 1, which shows the short-axis left ventricular cross-section from an anterior perspective. Examples of particular transventricular splints that are especially suitable for this application include those shown and described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/532,049 to Vidlund et al., filed Mar. 21, 2000, entitled “A Splint Assembly for Improving cardiac Function in Hearts, and Method for Implanting the Splint Assembly,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,198 and commonly assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The complete discosure of that application is incorporated by reference herein. That application will be referred to as “the '049 application” in the remainder of this disclosure.
  • In the preferred orienation shown in FIG. 1, three splints are placed in a coplanar fashion, along the long axis of the ventricle, bisecting the left ventricle LV of the heart 10. FIG. 1 is a cross-section (short axis) view looking from the superior side of the heart. The superior-most splint 14 is placed at approximately the level of the heads of the papillary muscles PM and below the level of leaflet coaptation, and the additional two splints (not shown in FIG. 1) are placed inferiorly toward the apex. The preferred orientation shown in FIG. 1 both bisects the left ventricle LV and avoids key structures such as coronary vessels and the like. The splints according to this orientation also extend through the septum S near its edge and enter a small portion of the right ventricle RV.
  • Each splint includes a tension member 16 and an anchor assembly 18 at each end of the tension member 16. Presently preferred embodiments of tension members 16, anchor assemblies 18, and their connection to one another are disclosed in the '049 application incorporated by reference above. As shown in FIG. 1, tension member 16 extends through the the heart wall HW, across the left ventricle LV, and through the septum S and a portion of the right ventricle RV. Anchor assemblies 18 are placed adjacent the external surface of the heart wall HW.
  • As mentioned above, human implantations of splints, including in an orientation shown in FIG. 1, may exacerbate any pre-existing mitral valve incompetency, including mitral valve regurgitation (MVR), or at the least, may not improve any pre-existing MVR. FIG. 2 a shows an orientation of splints 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention which may assist in both offloading myocardial wall stress and in aiding the apposition of valve leaflets. According to this orientation, each tension member 16 of splint 14 extends through the heart wall HW at a position approximately midway between the antero lateral papillary muscle PM and the posterio medial papillary muscle PM, extends transverse the left ventricle LV, and extends through the septum S at approximately its midpoint. A first anchor assembly 18 is placed external the heart 10 adjacent the heart wall HW and a second anchor assembly is placed inside the right ventricle RV adjacent septum S. FIG. 2 a shows the superior-most splint 14 of preferably three splints, with the other two splints placed inferiorly towards the apex. More or less than three splints may be used. The splints in this orientation are generally parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle.
  • The orientation of splints 14 shown in FIG. 2 a helps to “pull” both of the papillary muscles PM toward the center of the left ventricle LV and reposition those muscles closer to their normal physiological position relative to the mitral valve annulus during the complete cardiac cycle. During the course of heart failure dilation, the papillary muscles PM are moved laterally away from their normal position, which causes the chordae connected to both valve leaflets to become excessively taut. This in turn inhibits the leaflets from fully closing against each other. By bringing the papillary muscles PM closer to the center of the ventricle LV, the chordae are slackened enough to allow the leaflets to appose, thereby improving on mitral valve function. Additionally, although the splints 14 in this approach are preferably positioned at and below the level of the tops of the papillary muscles PM, the shape change deformation at the superior-most splint 14 would extend in a region further superior, and potentially include the annulus itself. To the extent that the annulus in the region of the posterior leaflet is deformed, this would further benefit the valve function by reducing the cross-sectional area of the annulus and positioning the posterior leaflet and its attachment zone closer to the anterior annulus. This, in turn, will cause the leaflets to more fully appose, minimizing MVR.
  • Various methods may be employed to implant the splints 14 in the orientaion shown in FIG. 2 a. One particularly advantageous method is an endovascular delivery technique shown and described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/679,550 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,684) to Robert M. Vidlund et al., entitled “Endovascular Splinting Devices and Methods,” filed on Oct. 6, 2000 and commonly assigned to the assignee of this application, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, and discussed elsewhere herein. Splints 14 also may be positioned in the orientation shown in FIG. 2 a by other surgical techniques, such as those described in the '049 application incorporated by reference above. For example, to gain access to the ventricular septum S, a small incision can be placed within the right ventricular wall to allow for positioning tension member 16 and the anchor assembly 18 within the right ventricle RV. The methods of implantation shown and described in the applications referred to above may be used in connection with any of the embodiments shown and described herein.
  • FIG. 2 b shows another orientation of splints 14 according to an embodiment of the present invention which may assist in the offloading of myocardial wall stress and in the apposition of valve leaflets. According to this orientation, at least one splint 14 is angled with respect to the long axis of the left ventricle LV, in contrast to orienting the at least one splint 14 perpendicular to the axis of the left ventricle LV. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 b, the lower two splints 14 are angled relative to the ventricular axis and relative to the superior-most splint 14, which is approximately perpendicular to the ventricular axis. In this example, all three splints 14 are coplanar, as is preferred for optimizing the ventricular shape change. While FIG. 2 b illustrates the ventricular splints having an anchor pad disposed on the septum, it is contemplated that the benefits of angling one or more splints relative to the long axis of the ventricle could be achieved at other cross-sectional orientations including, for example, the orientation shown in FIG. 1, in which an anchor pad is located on an exterior wall of the heart as opposed to the septum wall.
  • Because the lower two splints 14 are positioned at an angle, they tend to “lift” one or both papillary muscles PM as they impart shape change to the left ventricle LV. By lifting the papillary muscle(s) PM, some slack may be provided to the chordae connected to the valve leaflets to permit improved apposition of the leaflets of mitral valve MV. It is contemplated that more or less splints than the lower two splints may be angled (other than perpendicularly) relative to the ventricular axis to achieve the benefits to MVR, and that each splint may have a different angle relative to that axis. For example, all three splints could be angled, or only one splint could be angled. The number of splints to be angled, and the degree of such angles, would be chosen to optimize the improvement in MVR and would depend on factors such as the particular anatomy of a heart. The splint positioning can be iteratively changed and the impact on MVR, and mitral valve function in general, can be monitored using appropriate “real-time” imaging techniques and equipment, such as, for example, ultrasound and other suitable mechanisms. The ventricular splints 14 shown in FIG. 2 b may be oriented in any suitable cross sectional position, including the positions shown in FIG. 1 or 2 a. The benefits to MVR of angularly positioning one or more of the ventricular splints 14 relative to the ventricular axis, as shown in FIG. 2 b, may be achieved independent of the particular cross sectional position of the splints 14.
  • According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of improving mitral valve function, while maintaining the positions and orientations of the ventricular splints shown in FIG. 1, includes the use of an additional splint. This additional splint, referred to herein as a mitral valve splint or MV splint, preferably has the same construction as the other splints and may be implanted using the similar delivery techniques. The primary function of the MV splint is to impart a shape change to the mitral valve annulus, adjacent the left ventricular wall, as well as reposition the papillary muscles PM.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show an MV splint according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show the three ventricular splints 14 in the positions and orientations shown and described in connection with FIG. 1 (the dashed lines in FIGS. 3 a, 3 b) and show an exemplary orientation of an MV splint 20. It should be noted that in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b the shape change to the left ventricle caused by the transventricular splints 14 is not illustrated. MV splint 20 is positioned superior to the papillary muscles PM and oriented primarily across the mitral valve MV and on or below the mitral valve annulus while avoiding key vascular structures. In this orientation, MV splint 20 is “out of plane” with the other ventricular splints 14, as the overall function of MV splint 20 is to improve and optimize the mitral valve function. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b, the MV splint extends through the heart wall between the papillary muscles of the left ventricle LV, and extends transverse the left ventricle LV, through the septum S, through the right ventricle RV, and once again through the heart wall.
  • The MV splint 20 improves mitral valve function through a combination of effects. First, the shape of the annulus is directly altered, preferably during the entire cardiac cycle, thereby reducing the annular cross sectional area and bringing the posterior leaflet in closer apposition to the anterior leaflet. Second, the position and rotational configuration of the papillary muscles PM and surrounding areas of the left ventricle LV are further altered by the tightening of the MV splint 20. This places the chordae in a more favorable state of tension, allowing the leaflets to more fully appose each other. Third, since the annulus of the valve is muscular and actively contracts during systole, changing the shape of the annulus will also reduce the radius of curvature of at least portions of the annulus, just as the shape change induced by the ventricular splints reduces the radius of at least significant portions of the ventricle. This shape change and radius reduction of the annulus causes off-loading of some of the wall stress on the annulus. This, in turn, assists the annulus's ability to contract to a smaller size, thereby facilitating full closure of the mitral valve MV during systole.
  • The position of the MV splint-20 shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b is exemplary. The ventricular splints 14 preferably are positioned prior to positioning MV splint 20, through the use of, for example, both angiographic and ultrasonic visualization tools. This positioning technique, described in the '049 application incorporated above, achieves optimal positioning of splints 14 to bisect the left ventricle LV and avoid key anatomic structures. After positioning the ventricular splints 14, a device such as the probe/marking device shown and described in the '049 application may be used to repeatedly probe and deform possible areas near the mitral valve to find the optimal position for the MV splint 20. By utilizing, for example, standard “real-time” ultrasonic imaging techniques, the direct impact of the probing on MVR can be assessed, and pre-existing MVR or MVR exacerbated by placement of the ventricular splints 14 can be corrected. Once the optimal position for an MV splint 20 is determined and marked, the MV splint 20 is implanted and positioned by any of the delivery techniques referred to above, including the endovascular delivery technique or the more direct surgical approaches. The use of the MV splint 20 allows for the optimal placement of the ventricular splints 14, which reduce heart wall stress, independent from the optimal subsequent positioning of the MV splint 20, which improves mitral valve function. During implantation, the splint can be adjusted (either in position or in tightness or both) to optimize improvement to valve function, as determined by observation of the valve using real-time imaging techniques.
  • It is anticipated that the optimal position of the MV splint 20 could be at virtually any orientation relative to the valve leaflets, depending on the heart failure and mitral valve regurgitation associated with the particular heart at issue. For example, in some hearts, the position shown and described in connection with FIGS. 3 a and 3 b may yield the most improvement of MVR, whereas in other hearts, alternative positions such as shown in FIG. 3 c may yield the most improved results. Note that in FIG. 3 c, the transventricular splint is shown positioned between the papillary muscles, which may be another preferred orientation for certain hearts. Alternative “A” places MV splint to cause shape change between the papillary muscles Alternative “B” for MV splint positioning would be in a line more parallel to the valve leaflet edges, as shown in FIG. 3 d. Other placements of the MV splint, as well as the position of the transventricular splints, relative to the heart also are contemplated and could be selected based on the condition of the heart and the mitral valve.
  • According to another embodiment of the present invention, an alternative anchor assembly for the ventricular splints 14 may be provided to aid in mitral valve function. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 a, the superior-most splint 14 includes an anchor assembly 28 configured for connection to the “free wall” end of that splint 14, i.e., at the exterior wall of the left ventricle. Anchor assembly 28 includes a lower portion in the form of, for example, a lower pad portion 30 which contacts the external surface of the left ventricle wall somewhat below the level of the tension member 16. In a preferred embodiment, the lower pad portion 30 resembles the shape, size, and construction of the anchor pads described in the '049 application incorporated above. Anchor assembly 28 further includes an upper portion in the form of, for example, an upper pad portion 34 which contacts a superior region of the left ventricle wall near the mitral valve annulus. Tension member 16 connects to a spanning structure 32 that, in one embodiment, is preferably integrally fabricated with the lower and upper pad portions 30 and 34, and connects portions 30 and 34. Suitable materials for anchor assembly may include, but are not limited to, those described in the '049 application. At least the lower and upper pad portions 30 and 34 preferably include a covering or a coating of a material, such as, for example, a woven polyester fabric, to encourage tissue in-growth. The spanning structure 32 also may be made of, or include a covering or coating made of, a material to encourage tissue in-growth.
  • In the exemplary, preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 4 a, the lower pad portion 30 has a circular shape and the upper pad portion 34 has an oblong shape. The oblong shape of the upper pad portion 34 has the advantage of inducing relatively extensive shape change along the periphery of the valve annulus, preferably during the entire cardiac cycle. Therefore, in an embodiment, the length, and shape of the upper pad portion may extend a significant distance around the valve annulus. For example, the upper pad portion 34 may extend from about 1 cm in length to about 10 cm in length, depending on the desired shape change of the valve annulus. The width of the upper pad portion 34, however, is preferably relatively narrow, so as to concentrate its shape change impact to the region near the valve annulus.
  • The upper pad portion 34 may be positioned near, but below, the valve annulus. In other embodiments of the present invention, the upper pad portion may be positioned directly on the exterior surface of the annulus or somewhat above the annulus to contact the left atrium wall. The position of the upper pad portion preferably avoids direct compressive contact with important vascular structure near or on the exterior surface of the heart. Significant coronary vasculature often lies on or near the atrio-ventricular groove 36, which corresponds with the posterior annular region of the mitral valve. For this reason, it may be desirable to position the upper pad portion onto the left atrial surface.
  • Anchor assembly 28 permits selection of a position that causes valve annulus shape change relatively independent from the positioning of the ventricular splints that cause ventricular shape change. The incorporation of an anchor assembly 28 is most suitable for instances where the desired shape change for the mitral valve is relatively co-planar with the main ventricular shape change splints. In addition, anchor assembly 28 provides for annulus shape change without the need for an additional MV splint, such as that shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b.
  • An alternative embodiment of a splint with a mitral valve anchor assembly according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 b. In the embodiment of anchor assembly 28, shown in FIG. 4 a, the tension member 16 was connected to the spanning structure 32 approximately in the middle of the spanning structure 3, yielding a relatively stable structure that remains substantially parallel to the exterior surface of the heart. However, the embodiment of the anchor assembly 28′ shown in FIG. 4 b places the ventricular shape change caused by the lower pad portion 30′ below the end of the tension member 16′. The anchor assembly 28′ illustrated in FIG. 4 b is similar to the anchor assembly 28 of FIG. 4 a, except that the tension member 16′ is anchored within the lower pad portion 30′. In order to provide mechanical balance to the anchor assembly, and to give leverage to the upper pad portion 34′ such that it can properly alter the region of the valve annulus, a second spanning structure 33 is provided to mechanically connect the anchor assembly 28′ to an anchor pad 14 of the splint disposed below the superior-most splint. This second spanning structure 33 also may be integrally formed with the anchor assembly 28′ and, in turn, with the anchor pad 14. Alternatively, the second spanning structure 33 can be a separate component connecting anchor assembly 28′ and anchor pad 14′ once they are positioned with respect to the heart. This could be done, for example, by mechanical fastening, such as with screws or the like.
  • A further alternative anchor assembly 28″ is shown in FIG. 4 c. This anchor assembly 28″ is similar to the anchor assembly 28 shown in FIG. 4 a, except that anchor assembly 28″ also includes one or more additional papillary pad portions 35 connected to lower pad portion 30″ at a location substantially opposite to spanning structure 32″ The papillary pad portion or portions 35 serve to provide one or more additional sites of deformation of the ventricular wall, preferably to further reposition one or both papillary muscles to aid in appoistion of the valve leaflets. The papillary pad portions 35 may be formed integrally with the anchor assembly 28″ or may be separate and connected thereto via suitable connection mechanisms.
  • In certain cases, the optimal orientation of shape change for improving the mitral valve function may be significantly offset from the position and orientation of transventricular splints 14. It is therefore desirable to have an approach to cause mitral valve shape change at positions away from the transventricular splints 14, and even more desirably, without the addition of another splint structure traversing the ventricle.
  • FIG. 5 a shows such an approach according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 a shows an accessory anchor pad structure 40 attached to a connection member, shown as a runner 42. Runner 42 connects at its ends to both anchor pads 18 of preferably the superior-most splint assembly 14. As an alternative, runner 42 may connect to one anchor pad 18 and extend between that anchor pad 18 and structure 40. The accessory pad structure 40 is positioned at the location on the heart wall that yields the greatest improvement in MVR, as determined with repeated probing and deforming at the exterior of the heart proximate the mitral valve annulus, as described above in connection with positioning the MV splint 20 in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b.
  • Since runner 42 preferably connects to the two anchor pads 18 of the upper-most splint assembly 14, runner 42 generally runs at approximately the same level on the heart wall as those anchor pads 18. In one embodiment, accessory anchor pad structure 40 may be of the same shape and material as the anchor pads 18. While this embodiment may result in significantly improved MVR in some instances, in another embodiment, accessory pad 40 may take a form, including shape and material, similar to the anchor assemblies 28, 28′, 28″ shown in FIGS. 4 a-4 c. This latter configuration permits positioning accessory pad 40 at a position higher than the level of the anchor pads 18 of the superior-most transventricular splint, resulting in even greater shape change to the mitral valve annulus. Also according to this latter configuration, the preferred construction of accessory pad 40 would include, in addition to characteristics of anchor assembly 28, 28′, 28″, shown in FIGS. 4 a-4 c, a connecting mechanism 41 which would allow for adjustable positioning and securing of the accessory pad 41 to runner 42. For example, a locking screw 43 may be used to secure runner 42 to pad 41. Other mechanisms suitable for securing the pad 41 to the runner 42 and permitting adjustment of the pad position along the runner are within the scope of the present invention. Runner 42 preferably includes a wire-like, or braid-like, structure which secures to each of the splint anchor pads 18 also through any suitable means, such as, for example, a locking screw mechanism 44, a pinning connection for a braid-like runner, or the like.
  • FIG. 5 b shows an alternative embodiment for connecting an accessory anchor pad assembly 50 to a runner 52 and for connecting runner 52 to anchor pads 18. Each end of runner 52 connects to a connection mechanism in the form of a cap 54. Each cap 54 locks in place over a pad 18. At least one of the caps 54 includes an adjustable locking mechanism for adjusting the length of the runner 52 between the caps 54, and also thereby adjusting the position of the accessory pad 50 on the heart wall, and locking the runner 52 to cap 54.
  • In one embodiment, runner 52 is a braid formed of a high strength polymer, such as that used in the tension members described in the '049 application incorporated above. A suitable connection mechanism includes the use of one or more pins 56 placed through the braided runner 52 and connected to cap 54 through a flange 58, for example, situated on the cap 54. This pinning connection mechanism may be similar to the connection used for the braided tension members and anchor pads shown and described in the '049 application. The same connection mechanism may be used to connect accessory pad 50 to braided runner 52. In an alternative embodiment according to the present invention, the braided runner 52 may more directly connect to anchor pads 18, without the use of caps 54, by, for example, a pinning securement mechanism incorporated into the superior splint pads themselves. In another contemplated embodiment, the external anchor pad assembly 50, including the runner 52 and anchor pads 18, can be used without the transventricular splint to improve valve function by causing a shape change to the valve annulus without an overall shape change to the left ventricle.
  • As mentioned above, a mechanism that may exacerbate MVR is the relative rotation of the papillary muscles PM and the adjacent left ventricular wall as the transventricular splints 14 are tightened into position. This relative rotation results in slack in some chordae and tightening in other chordae, which may “pull” one valve leaflet (or portion of the leaflet) while “loosening” the other valve leaflet (or portion of the leaflet).
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a device according to the present invention that would alleviate this rotation phenomenon. FIG. 6 shows an accessory splint 70 connected to the superior-most ventricular splint 14 by a connecting bar 60. Accessory splint 70 and connecting bar 60 preferably are placed at approximately the same level along the ventricular wall as splint 14. Splint 14 preferably is positioned near to, and in this case medial to, the anterior papillary muscle PM. Accessory splint 70 then is positioned through the septum S, across the left ventricle LV, and through the ventricular free wall between the papillary muscles PM, similar to MV splint 20 described in connection with FIGS. 3 a and 3 b but at about the same level as the superior splint 14.
  • Connecting bar 60 attaches to the ends of tension members 16 and 72 at their left ventricular “free wall” ends. Both tension members 16 and 72 are tensioned, pressing connecting bar 60 into the left ventricle and effecting shape change to the ventricle and the mitral valve annulus. Connecting bar 60 prevents rotation of the left ventricle LV in the region of the anterior papillary muscle PM and causes uniform tensioning of the chordae associated with that papillary muscle PM and any associated ventricular wall. This is believed to lessen any degradation in MVR, and potentially improve the MVR, because the papillary muscles PM are brought to a more desired position, with less rotation, particularly as to the anterior papillary muscle.
  • The embodiments of the present invention described in connection with FIGS. 2 a to 6 have been described in connection with the use of transventricular splints used to geometrically reshape a chamber of the heart and thereby lessen heart wall stresses and reduce dilatation. While the devices and related methods described herein would further benefit the ventricular splinting procedure and its effects, the devices and related methods of the present invention may be used independent of the ventricular splinting to improve dilatation and instead be used for repairing heart valves, and particularly mitral valves, without the use of adjunctive ventricular splints. For example, a mitral valve splint such as that shown in FIGS. 3 a, 3 b, and 3 c could be utilized without additional ventricular shape change splints.
  • Moreover, while many of the embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with modifications to transventricular splinting structures, the same or similar modifications may be made to external-type devices for causing ventricular shape change. Examples of such external devices are shown in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/157,486 (“the '486 application”) filed Sep. 21, 1998 and entitled “External Stress Reduction Device and Method,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,183,411, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Modifying those external devices in a similar manner as with the transventricular splints will achieve beneficial impacts to the mitral valve function. For example, the accessory anchor pad shown in FIGS. 5 a and 5 b could be utilized in conjunction with an external stress reduction device, as shown, for example, in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, an external splint 199 having a generally U-shaped configuration and including an anterior arm 199 a and a posterior arm 199 b, is positioned with respect to the left ventricle to create a substantially bi-lobed shape. In a preferred embodiment, the U-shaped external splint is made from a material that permits the splint to elastically deform under operationalloads and also from a material that is biocompatible. Examples of preferred materials include e-PTFE, or a polyester such as Dacron, for example. Such a splint, as well as other suitable external splints, is described in more detail in the '486 application incorporated above. As shown in FIG. 7, a runner 298, similar to the runner described with reference to FIGS. 5 a and 5 b, attaches at its ends to the arms 199 a, 199 b. An accessory anchor pad 299, also similar to the accessory anchor assembly discussed with reference to FIGS. 5 a and 5 b, attaches to the connecting runner 298. The runner 298 and accesory anchor pad 299 are positioned with respect to the heart so as to alter the shape of the mitral valve annuls to assist in coaptation of the valve leaflets. Alternatively, the runner and accessory anchor pad could be positioned so as to provide a repositioning of the papillary muscles, also to assist in coaptation of the valve leaflets.
  • It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the devices and related methods for improving mitral valve function of the present invention and in construction of such devices without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. As an example, a combination of devices depicted above may be used for achieving improved mitral valve function. In one such combination, an accessory splint such as MV splint 20 shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b may include an anchor assembly 28 as shown in FIG. 4 and/or an accesory anchor pad structure 40 or 50 shown in FIGS. 5 a and 5 b.
  • The endovascular techniques which will be described hereinafter do not require performing a sternotomy or removing portions of the heart tissue, nor do they require opening the heart chamber or stopping the heart during operation. Such percutaneous insertion permits the splinting procedures to be performed in a wide variety of laboratories in the hospital. For these reasons, the techniques for implanting the devices of the present invention also are less risky to the patient, both during and after the implantation, and may be performed more quickly than other techniques. For instance, the procedures of the invention cause less pain to patients and permit quicker healing. In addition, certain endovascular splinting techniques to be described may limit bleeding at access sites, allowing relatively large catheters, cannula, and other similar implantation tools to be inserted in a percutaneous manner.
  • An embodiment of an endovascular splinting technique according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 8-17. In this splinting technique, access to the left ventricle LV and delivery of the splint occurs from within the right ventricle RV. An approach from within the right ventricle is preferred for a number of reasons. First, the right ventricle is highly accessible through venous structure that leads into the superior vena cava VC, for example from the right or left jugular veins. Since these veins typically are at a relatively low pressure, bleeding at the access sites is limited, and rather large catheters, cannula and the other like surgical tools can be inserted into the veins in a percutaneous manner. Furthermore, this technique permits access to vascular structure without a sternotomy or other open chest surgical access, thereby minimizing trauma to the patient. Additionally, patients are less likely to experience embolic events. Recovery times for the operation also are reduced, due to the minimally invasive nature of such procedures.
  • Second, delivery through the right ventricle allows for straightforward positioning of the splints on the ventricular septal wall SW. Such positioning on the septal wall is preferable because it results in good left ventricle bisection, in a manner believed to have minimal negative impact on mitral valve function, and in some instances, a positive impact on mitral valve function and performance. Moreover, delivery through the right ventricle does not involve the free wall of the right ventricle and also does not restrict outflow of the blood from the heart.
  • According to the right ventricle delivery technique shown in FIGS. 8-17, a shaped guide device in the form of a delivery catheter 1100 is advanced into right ventricle RV from an access site preferably in the left or right jugular vein. Other access sites, such as, for example, the left or right subclavian vein also are contemplated. As shown in FIG. 8, the catheter 1100 has a tip portion 1101 configured to be adjustably and variably curved through the use of an adjusting pull-wire 1104. The pull-wire 1104 attaches to the distal most end of the catheter, has a portion that extends exterior the catheter at the distal end of the catheter, and then extends through the catheter to a proximal end of the catheter where it is controlled. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, pull wire 1104 may be an essentially straight wire that, when pulled (or tensioned), causes tip portion 1101 to curve. In another embodiment, a pull wire may take the form of a tether, such as described below with reference to the curved catheter having pull wire 1405 in FIG. 30. Also in that embodiment, the proximal end of the pull-wire 1405 can be pulled and released to thereby cause the distal tip of the catheter to curve and to straighten as desired. Thus, the position of the catheter tip can be curved by adjusting the pull-wire and also advanced or rotated, or both, by advancing or rotating the catheter with respect to the right ventricle and septal wall.
  • Additionally, as shown best in FIG. 23, two anchoring balloons 1102, 1103 are disposed near the distal end of catheter 1100. Each balloon 1102, 1103 is in fluid communication with a corresponding inflation lumen 1102′, 1103′ that extends proximally to an inflating means (not shown). A lumen 1101′ configured to carry a piercing needle also extends through the length of catheter 1100. In a preferred embodiment, delivery catheter 1100 additionally defines a lumen 1106′ for carrying a preformed support wire 1106, which expands upon advancement of support wire 1106 relative to catheter 1100. The wire 1106 takes on a hoop-like shape which gives mechanical “back up” support to delivery catheter 100. The support wire 1106 also helps to position the catheter 1100 within the right ventricle to allow for positioning within the right ventricle RV and with respect to the septal wall SW. The support wire 1106 is preferably made from an elastic material, such as a nickel-titanium alloy or the like, and has a preformed shape at or near a distal end of the wire configured to stabilize and position the catheter 1100. The catheter 1100 preferably also includes radiographic and echogenic markers (not shown), such as metallic or gas-filled structures, or relatively small balloons filled with a contrast media, to facilitate positioning of the catheter under fluoroscopic and/or ultrasonic guidance, such as transesophageal echo (TEE).
  • Once catheter 1100 is manipulated to a desired position on the ventricular septum SW, the support wire 1106 is advanced to stabilize the tip position, as shown in FIG. 8. A sharpened needle, or guidewire, 1105 is then advanced through the lumen in catheter 1100 and out of tip portion 1101, piercing the septal wall SW, and extending across the left ventricle chamber LV. Preferably, needle 1105 is fabricated of a highly elastic material such as, for example, nickel titanium alloy, which will allow the needle to traverse the bend at the tip of the delivery catheter, and then to straighten out for controlled traversing across left ventricle LV. FIG. 22 shows the distal portion of needle 1105 in greater detail. As can be seen from this figure, needle 1105 includes a sharpened tip which may have threads 1107 disposed around the outer surface of the tip portion. These threads 1107 preferably are flexible such that they can lay substantially flat along the length of needle 1105 as the needle traverses through the catheter lumen. Alternatively, the tip may include barbs or other similar structures that aid in anchoring the tip in the heart wall.
  • Once needle 1105 is across the left ventricle chamber, its position is confirmed by TEE, X-Ray, or other visualization techniques, to assure good bisection and avoidance of key mitral valve and other heart structure. Conventional angiography utilizing a “pigtail” catheter. i.e., a dye injection catheter with a loop shape at the distal end, in the left ventricle LV and angiography catheters in one or both coronary artery ostia may also be used to aid in proper positioning of the associated delivery devices in the LV. It also is important to assure that needle 1105 will not penetrate or damage any significant coronary vasculature. To assure this, an angiogram may be performed. Preferably, the angiographic image is aligned to a position that looks down the axis of the needle in the portion of the needle which traverses the left ventricle LV. This angle will limit parallax to ensure that if the tip of the needle is not coincident with a significant vessel it will not pierce such vessel. Any small variation in the position of the needle tip can be adjusted by gentle manipulation of the delivery catheter.
  • As mentioned above, preferably needle 1105 has soft threads 1107 disposed on the surface of a tip portion of the needle, as shown in FIG. 22. Needle 1105 can be advanced into the free wall HW of the left ventricle LV by rotating the needle, essentially causing the tip portion of the needle to be pulled or screwed into the myocardium. Threads 1107 also serve to anchor needle 1105 and provide support for the further advancement of delivery catheter 1100.
  • Next, delivery catheter 1100 is straightened and advanced over needle 1105 into left ventricle LV. A tapered tip 1101 on delivery catheter 1100 enables catheter 1100 to penetrate the septal and free walls SW, HW. Once distal anchoring balloon 1103 traverses across the free wall HW, both balloons 1102 and 1103 are inflated, as shown in FIG. 10, to stabilize catheter 1100 with respect to the heart chamber. Preferably, these balloons 1102, 1103 are made of an elastomeric material, such as latex or silicone, for example, to provide a relatively low profile in the non inflated state. Thus, once inflated with, for example, air or other fluid, including a radiographic contrast agent, balloons 1102, 1103 preferably have a flattened, “pancake” shape. This shape may be particularly important for distal balloon 1103, as it lies in the space between the outside of the myocardium and the pericardial sac. To further guard against damage to the pericardium or lungs, it is possible to insufflate the space between the myocardium and the pericardial sac with C02. Insufflation can occur with the use of a small lumen provided inside needle 1105. Once needle 1105 is across the myocardium, the C02 can be infused.
  • As delivery catheter 1100 is advanced over the distal end of needle 1105, flexible threads 1107 become collapsed and needle 1105 can be removed from catheter 1100. After removing needle 1105, an elongate tension member 1200 with a heart-engaging assembly, preferably in the form of a collapsible fixed anchor mechanism 1201 (free wall anchor), on its distal end can be inserted into the lumen of catheter 1100. Tension member 1200 is advanced until it begins to emerge from the tip portion 1101 of delivery catheter 1100, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 11 shows a preferred structure for fixed anchor mechanism 1201 in its fully expanded state after being secured with respect to the heart wall. As shown, tension member 1200 is comprised of a braided polymer, such as that disclosed in the '049 application incorporated by reference above. A cover of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) (not shown) preferably covers the majority of the length of tension member 1200. Each bundle 1210 in the braid structure is attached via suturing, adhesive, or other suitable attachment mechanism, to a flexible elastic ring 1203. Ring 1203 preferably is comprised of nickel titanium, or an elastomeric polymer such as silicone or urethane, or other suitable like materials. This attachment of the bundles to the ring is best shown in FIG. 20. In order to facilitate bundles 1210 of the braid to be attached to ring 1203, the braided structure transitions from a tight woven braid to a region that is primarily unbraided at a position slightly proximal to the ring.
  • In this configuration, flexible elastic ring 1203 can be easily deformed into a flattened hoop, without bundles 1210 inhibiting this deformation. This is the configuration that tension member 1200 has as it is advanced through the lumen of delivery catheter 1100. To allow tension member 1200 to be pushed through catheter 1100, a stiffening mandrel may be disposed either inside or adjacent the braided portion of the tension member.
  • As shown in FIG. 12, tension member 1200 is advanced until flexible ring 1203 fully emerges from the lumen of delivery catheter 1100. As such, anchor mechanism 1201 has sufficient strength to serve as an anchor and allows bundles 1210 to take on a funnel shape, as shown in FIG. 20. To tighten fiber bundles 1210, a securing band 1204 (FIG. 21) is advanced along the outside of braided tension member 1200, until the bundles tighten into a generally spoke like configuration, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. A flexible pushing tube (not shown), or other suitable mechanism, may be used to advance securing band 1204. Securing band 1204 preferably has circumferential ribs 1204′ on its inner surface that are oriented proximally, as shown in FIG. 21. Ribs 1204′ allow for the band 1204 to be advanced distally, while preventing proximal slipping. Once positioned, the securing band 1204 maintains anchor mechanism 1201 in a relatively flat profile, as shown in FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 13 shows tension member 1200 and fixed anchor 1201 in a fully deployed configuration with respect to the heart. After fixed anchor 1201 of tension member 1200 is deployed, anchor balloons 1102, 1103 on delivery catheter 1100 are deflated, and the delivery catheter is removed from tension member 1200 and out of the heart.
  • After removing delivery catheter 1100, a second heart-engaging assembly, preferably in the form of an adjustable anchor pad 1205 (septal wall anchor) is advanced over tension member 1200 using a deployment tool 1209, as shown in FIG. 14. Adjustable anchor pad 1205 is similar in many ways to the adjustable pad assembly and deployment mechanism disclosed in the '049 application incorporated above, as will be explained. Thus, there preferably is an actuatable staple mechanism within the pad structure for securing pad 1205 to braided tension member 1200. In accordance with the present invention, however, pad 1205 preferably has an oval, as opposed to circular, configuration. Such an oval configuration facilitates introduction of the pad into the access site in the vasculature. Moreover, a through hole 1205′ extending through this pad is angled relative to the pad surface, to allow pad 1205 to be oriented in a more parallel fashion to the tension member 1200 as it is advanced along the tension member 1200, as shown in FIG. 14.
  • Adjustable pad 1205 is advanced using deployment tool 1209 over tension member 1200 in essentially a “monorail” fashion, allowing anchor pad 1205 to be oriented substantially adjacent and parallel to tension member 1200 as tension member 1200 slides through throughhole 1205′. Once located at the septal wall SW, a tightening device 1206, preferably in the form of a tube, is advanced over the outside of the tension member until the distal end of the tightening device 1206 engages the adjustable pad 1205. Manipulation of the tightening device 1206 relative to tension member 1200 positions adjustable pad 1205 and tension member 1200 into a position so as to alter the shape of the left ventricle LV.
  • Once a desired amount of shape change is achieved, adjustable pad 1205 is deployed by manipulation of the deployment tool 1209, in a manner similar to the technique disclosed in the '049 application. That is, the deployment tool 1209 includes an actuator wire that is pre-engaged with an engagement collar (not shown) in adjustable pad assembly 1205 such that when the actuator wire is pulled, the engagement collar travels through various channels disposed within the adjustable anchor pad 1205. The engagement collar causes securement members, preferably in the form of pins or staples, such as staple 1218 shown in FIG. 17, to move within the pad to engage with the braided tension member structure running through the the pad. A more detailed description of the tightening of the splint assembly and the securing of the adjustable pad on the tension member can be found in the '049 application incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIG. 16 shows adjustable pad 1205 secured onto tension member 1200 adjacent septal wall SW within right ventricle RV after the tightening device 1206 and the deployment tool 1209 have been removed. A trimming catheter 1207 containing a wire in a snare like loop 1208 is advanced along the excess length of tension member 1200 to a position proximate the secured adjustable pad 1205. Preferably, the wire forming snare-like loop 1208 can be heated such that upon retraction of snare loop 1208 within the lumen of catheter 1207, the excess length of tension member 1200 is thermally severed and can be removed. The wire loop may also have a sharpened edge along its inside periphery to cut tension member 1200 as loop 1208 is retracted into catheter 1207. Other suitable cutting mechanisms may be used and are contemplated as within the scope of the invention.
  • FIGS. 17 and 44 show fully deployed splints 1220, 2000 in position with respect to the left ventricle LV of the heart. Following the steps discussed above, additional splints may be positioned as needed or desired in the left ventricle LV or other chambers of the heart, including near the mitral valve to help improve valve function, as disclosed elsewhere herein. In a preferred method, three splints are positioned in a spaced, approximately parallel relationship from positions on the ventricular septum SW to positions on the ventricular free wall HW. Preferably, the splints are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 44. Once all the desired splints are positioned, the access site in the vasculature is closed by conventional means, such as sutures and the like.
  • In another embodiment of the invention, splints can be positioned across the left ventricle via an endovascular route leading directly into the left ventricle rather than through the right ventricle. Using this approach, preferably the access site is located in one of the femoral arteries, in a manner similar to many cardiology procedures, for example. Although this route requires advancing delivery tools retrograde across the aortic valve, this delivery route permits the delivery catheter to be placed in approximately the middle of, rather than outside, the left ventricle, thus yielding a more symmetrical approach. The ability to position the splint to achieve a good bisection of the left ventricle therefore may be enhanced since the bisection may be easier to visualize prior to implanting the splints. Furthermore, it may be possible to stabilize the delivery system using walls on both sides of the left ventricle, thus requiring fewer additional support mechanisms.
  • The direct left ventricle delivery approach uses a guide device, preferably in the form of a delivery catheter, of a different structure than that used in the right ventricle delivery approach. As shown in FIG. 24, a delivery catheter 1300 for the left ventricle delivery approach is positioned in the left ventricle LV from the aorta A, with access through the femoral artery. Delivery catheter 1300 includes a main catheter 1301 and two curved catheters 1302, 1303 extending from main catheter 1301 and configured to curve in substantially opposite directions to one another. Main catheter 1301 defines two side by side lumens (not shown) extending along the length of the catheter. Each curved catheter 1302, 1303 is disposed inside a respective lumen of catheter 1300 and is capable of moving relative to main catheter 1300 within the lumen. Curved catheters 1302, 1303 each have two anchoring balloons disposed near their distal ends and lumens in fluid communication with each balloon to facilitate inflation, in a manner similar to that described with respect to the right ventricle delivery catheter shown in FIG. 23. Curved catheters 1302, 1303 are independently manipulable, both in axial translation and in rotation relative to the main catheter. Moreover, it is contemplated that curved catheters 1302, 1303 can have the form of the adjustably curvable catheters discussed with reference to FIGS. 8 and 30. That is, it is contemplated that a pull-wire could be used to independently and adjustably curve the end portions of each catheter, thereby allowing for more control over the curve of the tip portion of each catheter.
  • Once the distal tip of main catheter 1301 resides in the left ventricle LV, curved catheters 1302, 1303 are advanced with their respective distal anchoring balloons 1304, 1305 inflated. Distal balloons 1304, 1305 serve to act as protective bumpers on the curved catheters so as to avoid damaging various heart structures as the catheters traverse the ventricle. The curvature of catheters 1302, 1303 causes the tips of the catheters to deflect laterally until the distal balloons 1304, 1305 of each catheter 1302, 1303 contact the inside surface of the left ventricle LV, at the septal wall SW and free wall HW, respectively. Once positioned, the curved catheters press against each other to form a self-supporting structure which remains in place during the beating of the heart. Once distal balloons 1304, 1305 contact the walls, sharpened wires 1306, 1307, similar to the one described above in the right ventricle delivery method and shown in detail in FIG. 22, are advanced into the myocardium, as shown in FIG. 25. As with the right ventricle delivery method, catheters 1302, 1303 are manipulated under ultrasonic and/or fluoroscopic guidance until the tips of the curved catheters are in a desired position on the free wall and septal wall for splint attachment. This permits a good bisection of the left ventricle LV and the avoidance of significant coronary structure. As discussed above, a “pigtail” catheter may also be used to help visualization and positioning of the devices, preferably with a diagnostic catheter in the coronary ostia. As with the wire used for the right ventricle approach, sharpened wires 1306, 1307 also have soft, preferably polymeric, threads 1306′, 1307′ disposed on their surfaces around their distal ends, to allow for screwing into the myocardium.
  • Curved catheters 1302, 1303 then are advanced with both anchor balloons deflated over wires 1306, 1307, similar to the step described above in the right ventricle approach. After catheters 1302, 1303 have been advanced across the ventricular walls SW, HW at the appropriate positions, both balloons on each of curved catheters 1302, 1303 are inflated to keep the catheters securely positioned and stabilized with respect to the chamber walls, as shown in FIG. 26.
  • A tension member 1200, with a first heart-engaging assembly, preferably in the form of a deployable fixed anchor pad mechanism 1201 (free wall anchor), on its distal end, similar to the tension member and deployable fixed pad mechanism discussed with respect to the right ventricle delivery method, is inserted into curved catheter 1303 engaging the free wall HW, as shown in FIGS. 26 and 27. Fixed pad 1201 deploys in a manner similar to that of the right ventricle delivery approach. After fixed pad 1201 is deployed, curved catheter 1303 is removed, as shown in FIG. 27. The free end of tension member 1200 opposite to the end on which fixed pad 1201 is secured is inserted into the proximal end of curved catheter 1302 that is engaged with septal wall SW. Tension member 1200 is then advanced through the lumen of catheter 1302 until it extends out of the distal end of the catheter and into right ventricle RV. A conventional snare 1315, for example with a wire loop on its distal end, may be positioned in the right ventricle through an access site, preferably in a jugular vein, for example. As the free end of tension member 1200 emerges from curved catheter 1302 and into right ventricle RV, snare 1315 captures tension member 1200 and pulls tension member 1200 out of right ventricle RV and out of the patient's body.
  • FIG. 28 shows tension member 1200 after the free end has been snared and pulled out of the jugular vein access site. Tension member 1200 preferably is long enough to allow for the withdrawal of catheter 1303 that engages the free wall HW, the re-advancement of tension member 1200 into catheter 1302 that engages the septal wall SW, and the withdrawal of tension member 1200 out of the right ventricle RV and the access site. Additionally, the proximal loop extending out the femoral access site (shown in FIG. 27) must still have enough length for the second catheter to be withdrawn. As second catheter 1302 is withdrawn out of the femoral access site and over tension member 1200 secured to the free heart wall, it preferably is removed from the tension member by skiving the length of the catheter down the lumen containing the tension member. FIG. 29 shows tension member 1200 after curved catheter 1302 has been fully removed.
  • At this point, tension member 1200 is in a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 14, and the technique described with reference to the right ventricle approach above to deliver and secure a second heart-engaging assembly, preferably in the form of an adjustable anchor pad (septal wall anchor), onto tension member 1200 adjacent the septal wall SW to finish the splint deployment across the left ventricle LV can be used. Thus, the left ventricle delivery method and right ventricle delivery method differ only up to the point of delivery of the adjustable pad, and after that the steps may be the same.
  • FIGS. 30-37 illustrate yet another embodiment of a method for delivering and implanting a splint across the left ventricle from a free wall HW to a septal wall SW. The method shown in these figures is similar in many respects to the right ventricle delivery technique described above. However, the method to be described differs from the previously discussed right ventricle approach in that the splint is advanced across the left ventricle LV over a small hollow guidewire or needle of the type shown in FIGS. 31-34. Additionally, an alternative free wall deployable anchor structure is described.
  • In FIG. 30, a guide device, again preferably in the form of a delivery catheter 1400, is positioned in the right ventricle RV from an access point, such as, preferably the right jugular vein, for example. Delivery catheter 1400 has a similar structure as delivery catheter 1100 used in the right ventricle delivery technique described above. However, delivery catheter 1400 does not advance into and across the left ventricle LV, as did delivery catheter 1100. Catheter 1400 has a curved distal tip portion 1400′. A tether, or pull-wire, 1405 connected to distal tip portion 1400′ is configured to adjust the angle or curvature of the tip portion 1400′. Tether 1405 runs inside a lumen 1420 disposed adjacent catheter 1400, or, alternatively, within catheter 1400. Pulling proximally on tether 1405 causes tip portion 1400′ to deflect laterally. Delivery catheter 1400 also includes a pre formed support wire 1410 configured to extend via advancement of the support wire from another lumen 1421 disposed adjacent catheter 1400 on a side substantially opposite to the side lumen 1420 is. Support wire 1410 not only assists to maintain the placement of tip portion 1400′ of delivery catheter 1400 within right ventricle RV in the appropriate position, but also assists in positioning the tip portion 1400′ near the center of right ventricle RV relative to the anterior and posterior ends of the right ventricle, as a result of the shape and size of the support wire. Alternative shapes of the pre formed support wire also are contemplated which would facilitate tip positioning and support in other desired positions within right ventricle RV.
  • After tip portion 1400′ of delivery catheter 1300 is positioned and oriented in the desired location with respect to septal wall SW, a hollow sharpened metallic guidewire, or needle, 1402 is advanced through a central lumen 1422 of delivery catheter 1400, across the ventricular septum SW, and across the left ventricular chamber LV to free wall HW, as shown in FIG. 31. As with the methods described above, a combination of fluoroscopic and ultrasonic imaging are performed to assist in the guidance and confirmation of positioning for this delivery technique. Appropriate radiographic or other suitable visible markers are positioned on the devices to facilitate this imaging, as described above.
  • Hollow guidewire 1402 has a sharpened tip 1402′ and defines a central lumen plugged near tip 1402′. The material used to make guidewire 1402 preferably includes a superelastic nickel titanium alloy, or other similar like material. Two elastomeric balloons, a distal balloon 1403 and a proximal balloon 1404, are secured near the distal end of guidewire 1402 slightly proximal to sharpened tip 1402′. Distal balloon 1403 is in flow communication with central lumen 1422 of guidewire 1402. Proximal balloon 1404 is in fluid communication with an additional tube (not shown) positioned inside hollow guidewire 1402. In this manner, each balloon 1403, 1404 can be independently inflated and deflated as required.
  • Balloons 1403, 1404 preferably are in a deflated condition as they are advanced across septal wall SW and then are inflated during advancement across the left ventricle LV. Inflating the balloons during advancement across the left ventricle LV may assist in visualizing the advancement path of the guidewire. To assist in such visualization, preferably the balloons are inflated with a radiographic contrast agent. The ability to visualize the advancement path of guidewire 1402 may prevent damage to various cardiac structure as well as assist in ensuring proper positioning of the guidewire on the free wall HW.
  • As guidewire tip 1402′ approaches free wall HW, distal balloon 1403 is deflated, as shown in FIG. 32, and the wire is further advanced into the free wall. Proximal balloon 1404 acts as a stop to limit advancement of guidewire 1402 through free wall HW. This may eliminate or minimize any damage to tissue outside free wall HW of left ventricle LV. Once fully advanced, distal balloon 1403 is re-inflated to secure the position of guidewire 1402 across the left ventricular chamber, as shown in FIG. 33. It is preferred that the distance between balloons 1403, 1404 approximates the thickness of the heart wall.
  • Proximal balloon 1404 is then deflated, as shown in FIG. 33, and a splint advancement catheter 1406 carrying the tension member 1500 and fixed deployable anchor 1502 is advanced over guidewire 1402, as shown in FIG. 35. The structure of splint advancement catheter 1406 with respect to the delivery of the tension member 1500 and deployable anchor 1502 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 38. As shown, catheter 1406 defines a lumen 1406′ through which braided tension member 1500 is configured to extend. Tension member 1500 is secured within a distal adhesive portion 1502′ of a deployable anchor 1502. This adhesive portion preferably is made of a high strength adhesive such as epoxy, or the like and is also configured to slide through lumen 1406′. A lumen 1509 extends through fixed deployable anchor 1502 adjacent to tension member braid 1500. This lumen also is formed simultaneously within adhesive portion 1502′ of anchor 1502. Lumen 1509 and lumen 1406′ both pass over the outside of guidewire 1402 (not shown) as advancement catheter 1406 carrying tension member 1500 with deployable fixed anchor 1502 on one end is advanced across the left ventricle LV and through the free wall HW. Anchor 1502 preferably is in the form of an elastic or superelastic metallic tube including a plurality of pre-formed tabs 1508 extending proximally from adhesive tube portion 1502′. The tabs 1508 may be formed by several longitudinally-oriented cuts along a portion of the length of the tube. During advancement of tension member 1500, tabs 1508 are prevented from flaring outward by the sheath defining lumen 1406′ of splint advancement catheter 1406, as shown in FIG. 38. Upon retraction of the sheath of splint advancement catheter 1406, tabs 1508 are able to expand radially outwardly to their pre formed shape, thus defining distal anchor 1502. A separate push tube 1520 for pushing on anchor 1502 as the catheter 1406 is retracted from the tension member and fixed anchor assembly also is shown in FIG. 38. Push tube 1520 is configured to pass over the outside of guidewire 1402 within lumen 1406adjacent tension member 1500 to engage with the adhesive portion 1502′ of anchor 1502.
  • Aside from the configurations described above with reference to FIG. 38, the deployable fixed anchor may have a structure similar to that described above with reference to the right ventricle and left ventricle delivery techniques. Similarly, the deployable anchor configurations described in connection with FIGS. 36-38 may be used in conjunction with other delivery techniques described above. Also, the deployable anchor structures described in connection with the previous splint embodiments can be utilized in conjunction with this embodiment.
  • Elongate tension member 1500 preferably is similar to that described above in connection with the right ventricle delivery method and comprises a braid of high strength polymer fibers, preferably Spectra or other suitable like ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Tension member 1500 may also include a covering along its full length made of a thin expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. Alternatively, only the region of tension member 1500 which is disposed inside the ventricular chamber could include a covering.
  • Tension member 1500 is thus advanced into position by sliding splint advancement catheter 1406 carrying tension member 1500 and anchor 1502 over guidewire 1402. That is, guidewire 1402 will be placed within lumen 1509 of anchor 1502 and then within lumen 1406′ of the catheter 1406. The lumen 1406′ and the lumen 1509 will move relative to guidewire 1402 to advance catheter 1406, tension member 1500, and anchor 1502 in the configuration shown in FIG. 38 until deployable anchor 1502 protrudes beyond the myocardium of free wall HW. Once tension member 1500 and anchor 1502 are positioned appropriately with respect to the left ventricle and free wall HW, that is, when anchor 1502 retained within the catheter 1406 protrudes beyond the free wall HW as shown in FIG. 35, catheter 1406 is retracted off tabs 1508. This retraction of catheter 1406 enables tabs 1508 to expand radially outward from the remainder of deployable anchor 1502. Push tube 1520 is used to maintain the position of the tension member 1500 during the catheter's retraction to overcome any friction between catheter 1406 and tabs 1508. After anchor 1502 is deployed, both catheter 1406 and push tube 1520 are removed from guidewire 1402 and then guidewire 1402 also is removed.
  • At this point in the splint delivery technique of FIGS. 30-37, that is, after the deployable fixed distal anchor has been positioned on free wall HW, similar steps as described in connection with both the right ventricle and left ventricle methods above may be followed for the deployment of a second, adjustable anchor pad and for tightening and securing of tension member with respect to the left ventricle. An alternative embodiment of an adjustable anchor to tighten and secure the tension member also may be used in connection with this splint delivery technique, as well as with the other techniques described above. In this alternative embodiment, the proximal anchor may have a similar structure as the distal fixed deployable anchor or may be separately slidable and adjustable on the tension member (such as the adjustable anchor shown in FIGS. 14-17). The proximal anchor also may be pre-attached at an appropriate position on the tension member to provide the desired amount of ventricular shape change.
  • In the case where the proximal anchor is slidable on the tension member, a one way “ratchet” or friction surface may be disposed on the inner surface of the tubular portion of the anchor to prevent its displacement in one direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 45, the inner surface of the tubular portion of the anchor can be in the form of rings or flared protrusions 1380 that are angled with respect to the longitudinal axis of a tension member 1385 as it is inserted into an anchor 1388. The angled rings or protrusions 1380 are configured so as to permit movement of the anchor with respect to the tension member in one direction but prevent movement in the opposite direction. As illustrated in FIG. 45, the rings or protrusions would permit movement in the direction of the solid arrow, but prevent movement in the direction of the dotted arrow by essentially digging into the tension member surface.
  • A tightening device such as that described and shown in FIG. 15 may be utilized to advance the deployed anchor into position. In this case, the anchor may be initially positioned such that when the sheath of the splint advancement catheter is further withdrawn, the proximal anchor also would deploy within the right ventricle RV adjacent to the septal wall SW. The tightening device could then be used to advance the position of the proximal anchor to a desired position against the septal wall SW, as shown in FIG. 37. Alternatively, the delivery catheter itself could be used to advance the deployed proximal anchor to the desired position. Once the proximal anchor is positioned to its appropriate location, any excess tension member length extending beyond the proximal anchor may be severed in a manner similar to that described above in connection with FIG. 16.
  • In the alternative case where proximal anchor is pre attached at a specified distance from the distal anchor, the left ventricle should be deformed prior to the pad deployment. The delivery catheter can act as a temporary proximal anchor, while the tension member and distal anchor are pulled proximally. Once the proper shape change of the left ventricle is attained, the proximal anchor may be deployed upon further retraction of the sheath of the splint advancement catheter. In this embodiment, preferably the distance between the distal and proximal anchors will be selected prior to delivery such that a desired shape change of the heart chamber may be obtained, since the adjustability of the shape change will be limited by the fixed position of the proximal anchor on the tension member. The delivery catheter may then be removed and excess tension member severed, again as described with reference to FIG. 16.
  • While the splint delivery methods and devices just described in connection with FIGS. 30-37 were in the context of a right ventricle approach, it is also contemplated to utilize the delivery devices and methods in a direct left ventricle approach as well. In a direct left ventricle approach, two delivery catheters simultaneously could be utilized to position a splint from within the left ventricle in manners similar to those described with reference to FIGS. 24-29.
  • Other embodiments of a deployable, fixed heart-engaging assembly, or anchor, also are contemplated as within the scope of the present invention and are shown in FIGS. 39-42. A preferred tension member used in the various embodiments of the present invention is described in the '049 application, incorporated by reference above, and is formed of several multifilament bundles of a high strength polymer. These bundles are braided together in a relatively tight configuration. Certain combinations of bundle size, number of bundles, and pick count, described in more detail in the '049 application, result in a braid with several preferred properties as also described in the '049 application, incorporated by reference above. One property that may result from such a braid construction includes a relatively stable braid diameter that does not deform to a great extent if subjected to axial compression or internal radially-outward directed forces. However, a braid formed with a lower pick count has a greater diametric expandability when subjected to such forces. For example, a braid woven of the same material and having approximately 16 to approximately 64 bundles and approximately 2 to approximately 15 picks per inch may more readily expand in diameter, upon the application of a radial force directed outwardly from within the braid. This expandable property of a braid can be utilized in the formation of yet another alternative deployable anchor structure.
  • For example, FIG. 39 is a relatively simplified schematic illustrating a tension member 150 formed of a braid of relatively low pick count in its natural (i.e., non-stressed) as braided condition. The braid is uniformly relatively small in outer diameter D1. When the braid is under tension, and absent any other deforming forces, the diameter D1 of the braid remains relatively small. FIG. 40 illustrates the same braided tension member 150 as in FIG. 39, but shows the braid with a local application of an outward radially directed force from within the braid. Since the braid pick count is relatively low, the braid has the capacity to expand at the point of application of the radial force to a diameter D2, which is several times its original diameter D1.
  • FIG. 41 shows a tension member 1340 having a braid configuration such as that shown in FIGS. 39 and 40 utilized for an integral expandable distal anchor 1342 of tension member 1340. At least a portion of the tension member 1340 is woven at a relatively low pick count to allow for that portion to form into the expandable distal anchor 1342. Alternatively, the entire tension member 1340 can be uniformly woven at the relatively low pick count. Several methods for creating an outward radial force from within the braid to form anchor 1342 are contemplated. These methods include using an elastic or shape memory wire disposed inside the braid of tension member 1340 during placement across the ventricular wall HW. A preferred wire 1345 is shown in FIG. 41 a. Note that it is contemplated that the direction of spiral of the wire can be opposite to that shown in FIG. 41 a, as shown in FIG. 41 b. Wire 1345 preferably has a natural shape in the form of a disc shaped spiral. When tension member 1340 is delivered using a splint advancement catheter of the types described above, the spiral will have a straightened configuration. Upon removal of the of the splint advancement catheter from the portion of the tension member 1340 which will form the distal anchor 1342, however, the spiral shape of wire 1345 may be re established, thereby forcing the braided portion surrounding it to expand in diameter into a disc like shape, as shown in FIG. 41. The wire may either be pre-loaded into the tension member or may be advanced into the tension member once the tension member has been positioned with respect to the heart wall and the catheter has been retracted enough to expose a portion of the tension member that is outside the heart wall HW. The force of the catheter on the wire keeps the wire in its straightened configuration. The smaller diameter portion of the spiral forms first, and as more of the wire is advanced through the tension member beyond the catheter, the spiral grows in diameter until the full spiral is re established. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 41 b, the large diameter portion of the spiral may form first, as the wire 1345′ is advanced. To help prevent wire 1345 from penetrating through the interstices of the braid of tension member 1340, a thin membrane, preferably made of an elastic material for example, is disposed along the inside of the braid in the area where the spiral portion of wire 1345 is positioned.
  • In this embodiment, wire 1345, particularly in the spiral region, preferably will remain together with the braid of tension member 1340 even after diametric expansion in order provide the anchoring rigidity needed to secure the splint in place on the heart. Initially, the spiral portion of wire 1345 may carry a significant portion of the load of anchor 1342. However, it is anticipated that over time, the expanded braid forming anchor 1342 would become ingrown with scar tissue, and therefore a relatively large portion of the chronic mechanical loading may be carried by the filaments of the braid. Using filaments of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has been shown to produce a tension member and anchor having high strength and high fatigue resistance. A portion of the wire that does not form the spiral may be removed, for example by torquing the wire and breaking it at a location slightly proximal to the spiral.
  • To prevent any of the braided portion distal of the expanded region from “creeping” back over the spiral region, the distal most region of the braid preferably is either fused or banded. This will prevent expansibility in those regions. Alternatively, those regions of the braided tension member could be woven with a higher pick count.
  • An alternative device for causing expansion of an expandable braid portion of a tension member 1540 includes an inflatable balloon disposed inside braided tension member at the expandable portion forming the anchor, as shown in FIG. 42. Inflatable balloon 1545 can be positioned in the desired location within tension member 1540 either before advancement of the tension member across the ventricular wall, or after, as shown in FIG. 42. Preferably, balloon 1545 is formed of an elastomeric material such as silicone or urethane, or the like, and has a disc like shape upon expansion. A lumen 1543 connecting the interior of balloon 1545 to an inflation device (not shown) may extend along the inside of braided tension member 1540. In a preferred embodiment, the material used to expand balloon 1545, and thus the region of the braided tension member 1540 forming distal, deployable anchor 1542, includes a curable material such as RTV silicone, epoxy, urethane, or the like. Similar to the spiral anchor embodiment discussed above, the cured material forming the balloon may carry a significant load initially, but upon ingrowth of the expanded braided region of the tension member, the filaments of the braid would be the primary chronic load carrying members.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the alternative distal anchors described above could be utilized in conjunction with any of the delivery techniques of the present invention and could be used as either the free wall anchor or septal wall anchor with modifications as necessary.
  • Another alternative embodiment for an expandable anchor would utilize an anchor similar to the expandable tab anchor described above with reference to FIGS. 36-38. However, in this embodiment, that anchor would be merely temporary, and could be designed to be relatively small and low profile, for easy delivery, but may not have the adequate strength and durability to be a permanent chronic anchor. In this case, a permanent anchor, similar to the adjustable pad anchor assembly described in the '049 application incorporated above could be delivered as a replacement to that temporary anchor. Once the temporary anchor is positioned, as shown in FIG. 36, a small surgical incision may be made between the ribs adjacent the free wall HW of the left ventricle LV, thus creating an access port to deliver the permanent anchor. Alternatively, a trocar may be positioned in that same location. A snare device positioned within the port or trocar can be used to grab the temporary anchor and tension member and pull the anchor off of the tension member and outside of the patient. An adjustable anchor pad as described in the '049 application and similar to the description of FIGS. 14 and 15 above then may be attached to the braid outside of the patient, using the staple methodology described previously with reference to FIG. 15 and the '049 application. The anchor can then be pulled back into position by retracting the other end of the tension member via the length of the tension member that remains outside the jugular vein. The septal wall anchor in this case preferably would be in the form of the solid anchor and delivered in the manner described above in conjunction with FIGS. 14-17. Overall, this procedure would be a combination endovascular and “minimally invasive” surgical operation. In this embodiment, preferably both anchor pads would be of a solid type construction.
  • An alternative proximal anchor also may utilize the expandable capability of a relatively low pick count braid, in a manner similar to that described above for the distal, or free wall, anchor. In this embodiment, the entire braid of the tension member preferably includes the relatively low pick count permitting diametric expansion. The tension member and distal anchor could be delivered using any of the approaches described herein, but preferably one of the right ventricle approach methods. After the distal, or free wall, anchor is delivered, the proper ventricle shape change can be induced using a tightening device in the form of a simple tube, such as the one described above, but without the anchor shown in FIG. 15. A balloon or spiral wire type of expander device as described in connection with the distal anchors shown in FIGS. 41, 41 a, and 42, may be positioned in the proper location and caused to expand a portion of the braid external to the septal wall. If a balloon type expansion device is used, it may also include a detachable inflation tube, such that when the balloon is inflated with a curable material, the inflation tube can be removed prior to the excess tension member length being severed. It is also contemplated that such an expandable proximal anchor can be secured to the end of the tension member at a location adjacent to an exterior surface of a heart wall other than the septal wall, such as a wall surrounding the right ventricle, for example.
  • The methods described above to place the splint assemblies with respect to the heart can be repeated for any desired number of splint assemblies to achieve a particular configuration. The length of the tension members extending between the free wall and septal wall anchors also can be optimally determined based upon the size and condition of the patient's heart. It should also be noted that although the left ventricle has been referred to here for illustrative purposes, the apparatus and methods of this invention can be used to splint multiple chambers of a patient's heart, including the right ventricle or either atrium, or can be used to aid the function of valves, such as the mitral valve. An example of a preferred position of a splint assembly 2000 improves mitral valve function, as well as reducing stress in the left ventricular walls. The valve function is improved by aiding in the apposition of valve leaftlets when positioned as shown in FIG. 44. Preferably, three splints are placed in a coplanar fashion, bisecting the left ventricle LV of the heart. The superior-most splint 2000 is placed at approximately the level of the heads of the papillary muscles PM, and the additional two splints (not shown in FIG. 44) are placed inferiorly toward the apex. The preferred orientation shown in FIG. 44 both bisects the left ventricle LV and avoids key structures such as coronary vessels and the like. The splints according to this orientation also extend through the septum SW and enter a portion of the right ventricle RV. In the preferred placement, as with those described above, heart-engaging assemblies 2002, 2003 will be positioned adjacent an exterior surface of a free wall HW surrounding the left ventricle LV and adjacent an exterior surface of the septal wall SW within the right ventricle RV. Further details regarding splinting devices and methods for treating heart valves can be found elsewhere herein. Although any of the delivery methods described above could be used to implant the splint device in this manner, FIG. 43 shows a short axis cross-section of a heart and a preferred endovascular technique wherein the elongate tension member 2001 having a deployable fixed anchor 2002 on its distal end is delivered through the right ventricle RV and then into the left ventricle LV.
  • Furthermore, the alignments of the splints with respect to the heart that are described above are illustrative only and may be shifted or rotated about a vertical axis generally disposed through the left ventricle and still avoid the major coronay vessels and papillary muscles. In addition, the inventive devices and methods can be implanted to treat a heart having aneurysms or infarcted regions similar to those described in prior U.S. application Ser. No. 09/422,328 discussed earlier herein and incorported above.
  • The various components of the splint assembly to be implanted in the heart should be made of biocompatible material that can remain in the human body indefinitely. Any surface engaging portions of the heart should be atraumatic in order to avoid tissue damage and preferably formed of a material promoting tissue ingrowth to stabilize the anchor pad with respect to the surfaces of the heart.
  • It will be understood that this disclosure, in many respects, is only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, material, number and arrangement of parts without exceeding the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is as defined in the language of the appended claims.
  • Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (71)

1-119. (canceled)
120. A method for improving the function of a valve of a heart, the method comprising:
endovascularly delivering an elongate member and first and second anchoring members to the heart;
placing the elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart; and
placing the first and second anchoring members external the chamber, the first and second anchoring members being attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber, wherein the position is superior to the papillary muscles and proximate and substantially across the valve.
121. The method of claim 120, wherein the heart chamber is the left ventricle and the valve is the mitral valve.
122. The method of claim 121, further comprising advancing the elongate member and first and second anchoring members into the right ventricle and then to the left ventricle.
123. The method of claim 122, further comprising advancing the elongate member from the right ventricle through the septal wall of the heart and to the left ventricle.
124. The method of claim 120, further comprising advancing the elongate member and first and second anchoring members into the heart chamber without entering another heart chamber first.
125. The method of claim 120, wherein the position of the elongate member alters a shape of an annulus of the valve.
126. The method of claim 120, wherein the position of the elongate member repositions the papillary muscles within the chamber.
127. The method of claim 120, wherein endovascularly delivering the elongate member and first and second anchoring members to the heart includes delivering the elongate member and first and second anchoring members into a heart chamber from a vein.
128. The method of claim 120, wherein the elongate member is advanced through a guide device endovascularly inserted into the right ventricle.
129. The method of claim 128, wherein the guide device is a catheter.
130. The method of claim 128, wherein inserting the guide device includes extending the guide device across the left ventricle from the right ventricle through a first location on a free wall surrounding the left ventricle and through a second location on a septal wall.
131. The method of claim 128, wherein inserting the guide device includes stabilizing the guide device with respect to the left ventricle.
132. The method of claim 131, wherein the stabilizing includes inflating balloons disposed proximate a distal end of the guide device.
133. The method of claim 132, wherein the stabilizing includes inflating a first balloon adjacent a first exterior surface of the heart chamber wall and a second balloon adjacent an interior surface of the heart chamber wall.
134. The method of claim 121, wherein the elongate member is advanced through a guide device endovascularly inserted into the left ventricle without first entering another heart chamber.
135. The method of claim 134, wherein the guide device includes a first guide member and a second guide member, said first guide member being configured to extend toward a first interior surface of the chamber wall at a first location and said second guide member being configured to extend toward a second interior surface of the chamber wall at a second location.
136. The method of claim 135, wherein the inserting includes stabilizing said first guide member at the first interior surface and the second guide member at the second interior surface.
137. The method of claim 136, wherein the stabilizing includes inflating balloons disposed proximate the distal end of each of the first and second guide members.
138. The method of claim 137, wherein the stabilizing includes inflating a first balloon on each of the first and second guide members adjacent first and second exterior surfaces of the chamber wall respectively and a second balloon on each of the guide members adjacent the first and second interior surfaces of the chamber wall.
139. The method of claim 135, wherein the first and second guide members are adjustably curvable catheters.
140. The method of claim 120, wherein the first anchoring member is expandable and the method further comprises expanding at least a portion of the first anchoring member.
141. The method of claim 140, wherein the expanding includes applying an outwardly directed force from within the portion of the first anchoring member.
142. The method of claim 141, wherein the applying includes inflating the portion of the first anchoring member.
143. The method of claim 140, wherein the portion of the first anchoring member is made of a shape memory alloy and is self-expandable.
144. The method of claim 120, wherein at least a portion of the first anchoring member is integrally formed with the elongate member.
145. The method of claim 120, wherein the placing the second anchoring member includes adjusting a length of the elongate member between the first and second anchoring members.
146. The method of claim 145, wherein the adjusting the length includes changing the cross-sectional shape of the heart chamber.
147. The method of claim 145, wherein the adjusting the length includes changing the radius of curvature of the heart chamber.
148. The method of claim 145, wherein the adjusting the length includes changing a shape of the valve annulus.
149. The method of claim 120, further comprising inserting a guide device through vasculature structure and into the heart, wherein the delivering includes advancing the elongate member and first and second anchors through the guide device.
150. The method of claim 149, wherein inserting the guide device includes inserting the guide device through a chamber wall at first and second locations.
151. The method of claim 150, wherein the inserting through the chamber wall includes advancing the guide device over a needle extending through the chamber wall at the first and second locations.
152. The method of claim 151, wherein the needle extends from a distal end of the guide device to extend through the chamber wall.
153. A splint for improving the function of a valve of a heart, the splint comprising:
an elongate member configured to be positioned transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart; and
first and second anchoring members configured to be positioned external the chamber and attached to the ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber,
wherein the first anchoring member includes a first portion configured to contact a first region of the heart proximate the valve to change a shape of the valve, and
wherein the elongate member and the first and second anchoring members are configured to be endovascularly delivered to the heart.
154. The splint of claim 153, wherein the heart chamber is the left ventricle and the valve is the mitral valve.
155. The splint of claim 154, wherein the first region of the heart is a superior portion of the left ventricle proximate an annulus of the mitral valve.
156. The splint of claim 154, wherein the first region of the heart is a portion of the left atrium proximate an annulus of the mitral valve.
157. The splint of claim 153, wherein the first portion has an oblong shape.
158. The splint of claim 153, wherein the first anchoring member further includes a second portion configured to contact a second region of the heart below the first region.
159. The splint of claim 158, wherein the second portion includes a first structure connected to the elongate member and a second structure connected to the first portion by the first structure.
160. The splint of claim 153, wherein the elongate member and first and second anchoring members are configured to be delivered via a guide device through vasculature.
161. The splint of claim 154, wherein the elongate member and first and second anchoring members are configured to be delivered into the right ventricle prior to placement of the elongate member transverse the left ventricle.
162. The splint of claim 154, wherein the elongate member and first and second anchoring members are configured to be delivered into the left ventricle without first entering another heart chamber.
163. The splint of claim 153, wherein the second anchoring member is configured to contact a septal wall.
164. A method for improving the function of a valve of a heart, the method comprising:
endovascularly delivering an elongate member and first and second anchoring members to the heart;
placing the elongate member transverse a heart chamber so that each end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the heart; and
placing the first and second anchoring members external the chamber, the first and second anchoring members being attached to first and second ends of the elongate member to fix the elongate member in a position across the chamber so as to reposition papillary muscles within the chamber.
165. The method of claim 164, wherein the first end of the elongate member extends through a wall of the left ventricle between papillary muscles.
166. The method of claim 165, wherein the second end of the elongate member extends through a septum of the heart.
167. The method of claim 164, wherein the chamber is the left ventricle and the valve is the mitral valve.
168. The method of claim 167, further comprising advancing the elongate member and first and second anchoring members into the right ventricle and then to the left ventricle.
169. The method of claim 168, further comprising advancing the elongate member from the right ventricle through the septal wall of the heart and to the left ventricle.
170. The method of claim 164, further comprising advancing the elongate member and first and second anchoring members into the heart chamber without entering another heart chamber first.
171. The method of claim 164, wherein the position is superior to the papillary muscles and proximate and substantially across the valve.
172. The method of claim 164, wherein the elongate member is fixed in the position so as to alter the shape of an annulus of the valve.
173. A method for improving the function of a valve of a heart, comprising:
placing a multifilament elongate member relative to the heart so that the elongate member contacts cardiac structure other than structure of the valve and alters a shape of the valve;
adjusting the elongate member relative to the heart; and
securing the elongate member relative to the heart, wherein the securing includes placing a pin through the elongate member.
174. The method of claim 173, wherein adjusting the elongate member relative to the heart includes adjusting a position of the elongate member relative to an anchor.
175. The method of claim 174, wherein securing the elongate member relative to the heart includes securing the elongate member to the anchor.
176. The method of claim 173, wherein the elongate member is comprised of a polymer.
177. The method of claim 173, wherein placing the elongate member relative to the heart includes placing the elongate member external to the heart chambers.
178. The method of claim 173, wherein the elongate member includes a covering.
179. The method of claim 173, wherein the elongate member is flexible.
180. The method of claim 173, further comprising endovascularly delivering the elongate member to the heart.
181. The method of claim 180, wherein endovascularly delivering the device to the heart includes delivering the device through venous vasculature.
182. The method of claim 180, wherein endovascularly delivering the device to the heart includes delivering the device through arterial vasculature.
183. The method of claim 180, wherein endovascularly delivering the device to the heart includes delivering the device through a catheter having an adjustable tip portion.
184. The method of claim 173, further comprising real-time monitoring valve function.
185. The method of claim 184, wherein the real-time monitoring includes ultrasound imaging the valve.
186. The method of claim 184, wherein adjusting the elongate member relative to the heart is based on data obtained during the adjusting from the real-time monitoring of valve function.
187. The method of claim 173, wherein the multifilament elongate member is braided.
188. The method of claim 120, further comprising real-time monitoring valve function.
189. The method of claim 188, wherein the real-time monitoring includes ultrasound imaging the valve.
US10/840,511 2000-10-06 2004-05-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function Abandoned US20050075723A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/840,511 US20050075723A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-05-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US11/404,093 US7766812B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2006-04-14 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US12/498,956 US9198757B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2009-07-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/680,435 US6723038B1 (en) 2000-10-06 2000-10-06 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US10/762,513 US20040152947A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-01-23 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US10/840,511 US20050075723A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-05-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/762,513 Continuation US20040152947A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-01-23 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/404,093 Continuation US7766812B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2006-04-14 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US12/498,956 Continuation US9198757B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2009-07-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050075723A1 true US20050075723A1 (en) 2005-04-07

Family

ID=24731098

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/680,435 Expired - Lifetime US6723038B1 (en) 2000-10-06 2000-10-06 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US10/762,513 Abandoned US20040152947A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-01-23 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US10/840,511 Abandoned US20050075723A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-05-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US11/404,093 Expired - Fee Related US7766812B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2006-04-14 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US12/498,956 Expired - Fee Related US9198757B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2009-07-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/680,435 Expired - Lifetime US6723038B1 (en) 2000-10-06 2000-10-06 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US10/762,513 Abandoned US20040152947A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-01-23 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/404,093 Expired - Fee Related US7766812B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2006-04-14 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US12/498,956 Expired - Fee Related US9198757B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2009-07-07 Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (5) US6723038B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001296512A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002030292A1 (en)

Cited By (147)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040243227A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2004-12-02 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US20040260317A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-23 Elliot Bloom Tensioning device, system, and method for treating mitral valve regurgitation
US20040267329A1 (en) * 2001-09-07 2004-12-30 Mardil, Inc. Method and apparatus for external heart stabilization
US20050055089A1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2005-03-10 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US20050184122A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2005-08-25 Mitralign, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing catheter-based annuloplasty using local plications
US20060089711A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-04-27 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Multifilament anchor for reducing a compass of a lumen or structure in mammalian body
US20060106403A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Laurent Schaller Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US20060178700A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-08-10 Martin Quinn Medical device suitable for use in treatment of a valve
US20060199995A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-07 Venkataramana Vijay Percutaneous cardiac ventricular geometry restoration device and treatment for heart failure
US20060293739A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-12-28 Venkataramana Vijay Cardiac Ventricular Geometry Restoration Device and Treatment for Heart Failure
US20070025009A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Magnetic recorder
US20070055206A1 (en) * 2005-08-10 2007-03-08 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Methods and devices for deployment of tissue anchors
US20070066863A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-22 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Device for treating mitral valve regurgitation
US20070118213A1 (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-05-24 Didier Loulmet Methods, devices, and kits for treating mitral valve prolapse
US20070142770A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Echogenic occlusive balloon and delivery system
US20070203391A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. System for Treating Mitral Valve Regurgitation
US20070208357A1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2007-09-06 Houser Russell A Apparatus and methods for treating tissue
US20070265658A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-15 Aga Medical Corporation Anchoring and tethering system
WO2008012839A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-31 Carlo Antona Kit for performing subcommissuroplasty during aortic valve reconstruction
US20080045977A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2008-02-21 John To Methods and devices for termination
WO2008081450A2 (en) * 2007-01-03 2008-07-10 Medical Research Fund At The Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Device and method for remodeling a heart valve
US20080172035A1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-07-17 Starksen Niel F Methods and devices for catheter advancement and delivery of substances therethrough
US20080228266A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Mitralign, Inc. Plication assistance devices and methods
US20080234728A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2008-09-25 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US20080249397A1 (en) * 2006-10-06 2008-10-09 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US20080275503A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2008-11-06 Mitralign, Inc. Method of heart valve repair
US20090053980A1 (en) * 2007-08-23 2009-02-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Optimized CMP Conditioner Design for Next Generation Oxide/Metal CMP
US20090093889A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. System and method for forming a stent of a desired length at an endoluminal site
US20090105729A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 John Zentgraf Minimally invasive repair of a valve leaflet in a beating heart
US20090234318A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2009-09-17 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for cardiac remodeling
US20090264995A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Subramanian Valavanur A Transvalvular intraannular band for valve repair
US7666224B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2010-02-23 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7670368B2 (en) 2005-02-07 2010-03-02 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US7678145B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2010-03-16 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7682385B2 (en) 2002-04-03 2010-03-23 Boston Scientific Corporation Artificial valve
US20100094314A1 (en) * 2008-10-10 2010-04-15 Hernlund Jonathan D Tether tensioning devices and related methods
US20100121437A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2010-05-13 Cardiovascular Technologies, Llc Transvalvular intraannular band and chordae cutting for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
US7722666B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2010-05-25 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve apparatus, system and method
US20100131057A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2010-05-27 Cardiovascular Technologies, Llc Transvalvular intraannular band for aortic valve repair
US20100161044A1 (en) * 2003-10-01 2010-06-24 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US20100174297A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2010-07-08 Giovanni Speziali Thorascopic Heart Valve Repair Method and Apparatus
US20100185172A1 (en) * 2009-01-20 2010-07-22 Mariel Fabro Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US7766812B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2010-08-03 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US7776053B2 (en) 2000-10-26 2010-08-17 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Implantable valve system
US7780627B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2010-08-24 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve treatment catheter and methods
US7780722B2 (en) 2005-02-07 2010-08-24 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US7799038B2 (en) 2006-01-20 2010-09-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Translumenal apparatus, system, and method
US7854761B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2010-12-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Methods for venous valve replacement with a catheter
US7854755B2 (en) 2005-02-01 2010-12-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Vascular catheter, system, and method
US20110011917A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2011-01-20 Hansen Medical, Inc. Methods, devices, and kits for treating valve prolapse
US7878966B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2011-02-01 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Ventricular assist and support device
US7883539B2 (en) 1997-01-02 2011-02-08 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Heart wall tension reduction apparatus and method
US7892276B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2011-02-22 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve with delayed leaflet deployment
US7951189B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2011-05-31 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method with sinus pocket
US7967853B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2011-06-28 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous valve, system and method
US7976539B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2011-07-12 Hansen Medical, Inc. System and method for denaturing and fixing collagenous tissue
US8002824B2 (en) 2004-09-02 2011-08-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Cardiac valve, system, and method
US8012198B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2011-09-06 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method
US20110295059A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2011-12-01 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
US8092363B2 (en) 2007-09-05 2012-01-10 Mardil, Inc. Heart band with fillable chambers to modify heart valve function
US8128681B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2012-03-06 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US8133270B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2012-03-13 California Institute Of Technology In-situ formation of a valve
US8226711B2 (en) 1997-12-17 2012-07-24 Edwards Lifesciences, Llc Valve to myocardium tension members device and method
US8333777B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2012-12-18 Benvenue Medical, Inc. Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US8343173B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2013-01-01 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US8382829B1 (en) 2008-03-10 2013-02-26 Mitralign, Inc. Method to reduce mitral regurgitation by cinching the commissure of the mitral valve
US20130096579A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-18 Bioventrix, Inc Over-the-wire cardiac implant delivery system for treatment of chf and other conditions
WO2013123059A1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-22 Mitraspan, Inc Method and apparatus for repairing a mitral valve
US8694077B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2014-04-08 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US8790367B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2014-07-29 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Multi-window guide tunnel
US8828079B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2014-09-09 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Circulatory valve, system and method
US20140309732A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2014-10-16 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Blood flow controlling apparatus
US8864822B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2014-10-21 Mitralign, Inc. Devices and methods for introducing elements into tissue
USD717954S1 (en) 2013-10-14 2014-11-18 Mardil, Inc. Heart treatment device
US8911461B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2014-12-16 Mitralign, Inc. Suture cutter and method of cutting suture
US8951285B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2015-02-10 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue anchor, anchoring system and methods of using the same
US8961597B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2015-02-24 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US8979923B2 (en) 2002-10-21 2015-03-17 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue fastening systems and methods utilizing magnetic guidance
US9044221B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2015-06-02 Neochord, Inc. Exchangeable system for minimally invasive beating heart repair of heart valve leaflets
US20150306359A1 (en) * 2014-04-23 2015-10-29 Intervalve, Inc. Post Dilation Balloon With Marker Bands For Use With Stented Valves
US9173646B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2015-11-03 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US9307980B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2016-04-12 4Tech Inc. Tricuspid valve repair using tension
US9358112B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2016-06-07 Mitralign, Inc. Method and apparatus for catheter-based annuloplasty using local plications
US9370425B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2016-06-21 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system and method
US9370419B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2016-06-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve apparatus, system and method
US9402722B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2016-08-02 Bioventrix, Inc. Steerable lesion excluding heart implants for congestive heart failure
US9486206B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2016-11-08 Bioventrix, Inc. Treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US9492623B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2016-11-15 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US9526618B2 (en) 2004-10-13 2016-12-27 Bioventrix, Inc. Method and device for percutaneous left ventricular reconstruction
US9622859B2 (en) 2005-02-01 2017-04-18 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Filter system and method
US9636107B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2017-05-02 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
WO2017087701A1 (en) * 2015-11-17 2017-05-26 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Systems and devices for setting an anchor
US9668859B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2017-06-06 California Institute Of Technology Percutaneous heart valve delivery systems
WO2017100785A1 (en) 2015-12-10 2017-06-15 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US9693865B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2017-07-04 4 Tech Inc. Soft tissue depth-finding tool
US9737403B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2017-08-22 Mardil, Inc. Self-adjusting attachment structure for a cardiac support device
US9744037B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-08-29 California Institute Of Technology Handle mechanism and functionality for repositioning and retrieval of transcatheter heart valves
US9801720B2 (en) 2014-06-19 2017-10-31 4Tech Inc. Cardiac tissue cinching
US9861350B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2018-01-09 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for anchoring tissue
US9907547B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-03-06 4Tech Inc. Off-center tissue anchors
US9907681B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-03-06 4Tech Inc. Stent with tether interface
US9913719B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2018-03-13 Bioventrix, Inc. Location, time, and/or pressure determining devices, systems, and methods for deployment of lesion-excluding heart implants for treatment of cardiac heart failure and other disease states
US9949829B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2018-04-24 Ancora Heart, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US10022114B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-07-17 4Tech Inc. Percutaneous tether locking
US10039643B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-08-07 4Tech Inc. Multiple anchoring-point tension system
US10052095B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-08-21 4Tech Inc. Multiple anchoring-point tension system
US10058323B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2018-08-28 4 Tech Inc. Tricuspid valve repair using tension
US10058321B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2018-08-28 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods of visualizing and determining depth of penetration in cardiac tissue
US10076414B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2018-09-18 Mitraspan, Inc. Method and apparatus for repairing a mitral valve
US10172621B2 (en) 2007-09-21 2019-01-08 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of magnetic tools
US10201423B2 (en) 2015-03-11 2019-02-12 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US10206673B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2019-02-19 4Tech, Inc. Suture-securing for cardiac valve repair
US10206779B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2019-02-19 Bioventrix, Inc. Systems and methods for deploying a cardiac anchor
US10219902B2 (en) 2005-03-25 2019-03-05 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve anulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
US10314498B2 (en) 2013-05-24 2019-06-11 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac tissue penetrating devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10335279B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2019-07-02 Bioventrix, Inc. Method and device for treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US10363392B2 (en) 2008-05-07 2019-07-30 Ancora Heart, Inc. Deflectable guide
US10405978B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2019-09-10 4Tech Inc. Tricuspid valve repair using tension
US10456259B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2019-10-29 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US10575953B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2020-03-03 Bioventrix, Inc. Heart anchor positioning devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10588620B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2020-03-17 Neochord, Inc. Device for suture attachment for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US10588613B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2020-03-17 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac tissue anchoring devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10682231B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2020-06-16 The Provost, Fellows Foundation Scholars, and The Other Members of the Board, of the College of The Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth Near Dublin (TCD) Heart valve treatment device and method
US10695178B2 (en) 2011-06-01 2020-06-30 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive repair of heart valve leaflets
WO2020176201A1 (en) * 2019-02-25 2020-09-03 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Anchoring method for reducing cardiac valve regurgitation
US10765517B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2020-09-08 Neochord, Inc. Ringless web for repair of heart valves
US10918373B2 (en) 2013-08-31 2021-02-16 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Devices and methods for locating and implanting tissue anchors at mitral valve commissure
US10952854B2 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-03-23 The Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars And The Other Members Of Board, Of The College Of The Holy And Undivided Trinity Of Queen Elizabeth, Near Dublin (Tcd) Heart valve therapeutic device
US10966709B2 (en) 2018-09-07 2021-04-06 Neochord, Inc. Device for suture attachment for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US10980973B2 (en) 2015-05-12 2021-04-20 Ancora Heart, Inc. Device and method for releasing catheters from cardiac structures
US11013599B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2021-05-25 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US11026791B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2021-06-08 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Flexible canopy valve repair systems and methods of use
US11033391B2 (en) 2016-12-22 2021-06-15 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous delivery systems for anchoring an implant in a cardiac valve annulus
US11083579B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2021-08-10 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraanular band and chordae cutting for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
US20210298899A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-09-30 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Apparatus And Methods For Minimally Invasive Transapical Access
US11135062B2 (en) 2017-11-20 2021-10-05 Valtech Cardio Ltd. Cinching of dilated heart muscle
US11173030B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2021-11-16 Neochord, Inc. Suture length adjustment for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11219525B2 (en) 2019-08-05 2022-01-11 Croivalve Ltd. Apparatus and methods for treating a defective cardiac valve
US11253360B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2022-02-22 Neochord, Inc. Low profile tissue anchor for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11285003B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2022-03-29 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Prolapse prevention device and methods of use thereof
US11376126B2 (en) 2019-04-16 2022-07-05 Neochord, Inc. Transverse helical cardiac anchor for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11478353B2 (en) 2016-01-29 2022-10-25 Bioventrix, Inc. Percutaneous arterial access to position trans-myocardial implant devices and methods
US11589989B2 (en) 2017-03-31 2023-02-28 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive heart valve repair in a beating heart
US20230091034A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2023-03-23 Politecnico Di Milano Device and assembly to repair a heart valve
US11660190B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2023-05-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Tissue anchors, systems and methods, and devices
US11672524B2 (en) 2019-07-15 2023-06-13 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for tether cutting
US11931261B2 (en) 2022-02-17 2024-03-19 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Prolapse prevention device and methods of use thereof

Families Citing this family (359)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6050936A (en) 1997-01-02 2000-04-18 Myocor, Inc. Heart wall tension reduction apparatus
US6406420B1 (en) * 1997-01-02 2002-06-18 Myocor, Inc. Methods and devices for improving cardiac function in hearts
US6077214A (en) 1998-07-29 2000-06-20 Myocor, Inc. Stress reduction apparatus and method
WO1999000059A1 (en) * 1997-06-27 1999-01-07 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Method and apparatus for circulatory valve repair
FR2768324B1 (en) 1997-09-12 1999-12-10 Jacques Seguin SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR PERCUTANEOUSLY FIXING TWO AREAS OF SOFT TISSUE, NORMALLY MUTUALLY REMOTE, TO ONE ANOTHER
US6260552B1 (en) 1998-07-29 2001-07-17 Myocor, Inc. Transventricular implant tools and devices
US10327743B2 (en) * 1999-04-09 2019-06-25 Evalve, Inc. Device and methods for endoscopic annuloplasty
AU770243B2 (en) 1999-04-09 2004-02-19 Evalve, Inc. Methods and apparatus for cardiac valve repair
US8216256B2 (en) 1999-04-09 2012-07-10 Evalve, Inc. Detachment mechanism for implantable fixation devices
US7811296B2 (en) 1999-04-09 2010-10-12 Evalve, Inc. Fixation devices for variation in engagement of tissue
US6752813B2 (en) 1999-04-09 2004-06-22 Evalve, Inc. Methods and devices for capturing and fixing leaflets in valve repair
US20040044350A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2004-03-04 Evalve, Inc. Steerable access sheath and methods of use
US7563267B2 (en) 1999-04-09 2009-07-21 Evalve, Inc. Fixation device and methods for engaging tissue
MXPA03003600A (en) 1999-08-18 2004-12-02 Intrinsic Orthopedics Inc Devices and method for nucleus pulposus augmentation and retention.
US7998213B2 (en) 1999-08-18 2011-08-16 Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc. Intervertebral disc herniation repair
WO2009033100A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc. Bone anchoring systems
US7717961B2 (en) * 1999-08-18 2010-05-18 Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc. Apparatus delivery in an intervertebral disc
EP1624832A4 (en) 1999-08-18 2008-12-24 Intrinsic Therapeutics Inc Devices and method for augmenting a vertebral disc nucleus
US8323341B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2012-12-04 Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc. Impaction grafting for vertebral fusion
US7972337B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2011-07-05 Intrinsic Therapeutics, Inc. Devices and methods for bone anchoring
US6440164B1 (en) 1999-10-21 2002-08-27 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Implantable prosthetic valve
EP1113497A3 (en) * 1999-12-29 2006-01-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Semiconductor package with conductor impedance selected during assembly
US20050228422A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2005-10-13 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of magnetic tools
WO2004030568A2 (en) 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Ample Medical, Inc. Device and method for repairing a native heart valve leaflet
US8784482B2 (en) * 2000-09-20 2014-07-22 Mvrx, Inc. Method of reshaping a heart valve annulus using an intravascular device
US20060106278A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2006-05-18 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of an adjustable bridge implant system
US20090287179A1 (en) 2003-10-01 2009-11-19 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of magnetic tools
WO2004030570A2 (en) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices for retaining native heart valve leaflet
US6616684B1 (en) 2000-10-06 2003-09-09 Myocor, Inc. Endovascular splinting devices and methods
US7591826B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2009-09-22 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device implantable in the coronary sinus to provide mitral valve therapy
US6676702B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2004-01-13 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Mitral valve therapy assembly and method
US6800090B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2004-10-05 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Mitral valve therapy device, system and method
ITMI20011012A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2002-11-17 Ottavio Alfieri ANNULAR PROSTHESIS FOR MITRAL VALVE
US7935145B2 (en) 2001-05-17 2011-05-03 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Annuloplasty ring for ischemic mitral valve insuffuciency
US6908482B2 (en) 2001-08-28 2005-06-21 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Three-dimensional annuloplasty ring and template
JP4458845B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2010-04-28 アンプル メディカル,インコーポレイテッド Medical device
US7144363B2 (en) * 2001-10-16 2006-12-05 Extensia Medical, Inc. Systems for heart treatment
US20060020336A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2006-01-26 Liddicoat John R Automated annular plication for mitral valve repair
US6949122B2 (en) * 2001-11-01 2005-09-27 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Focused compression mitral valve device and method
US6824562B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2004-11-30 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Body lumen device anchor, device and assembly
US7635387B2 (en) * 2001-11-01 2009-12-22 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Adjustable height focal tissue deflector
US7311729B2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2007-12-25 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US6575971B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2003-06-10 Quantum Cor, Inc. Cardiac valve leaflet stapler device and methods thereof
US6976995B2 (en) 2002-01-30 2005-12-20 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Fixed length anchor and pull mitral valve device and method
US6793673B2 (en) 2002-12-26 2004-09-21 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. System and method to effect mitral valve annulus of a heart
US6908478B2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2005-06-21 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Anchor and pull mitral valve device and method
US7179282B2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2007-02-20 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US6960229B2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2005-11-01 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US20050209690A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2005-09-22 Mathis Mark L Body lumen shaping device with cardiac leads
US7004958B2 (en) * 2002-03-06 2006-02-28 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Transvenous staples, assembly and method for mitral valve repair
US6797001B2 (en) * 2002-03-11 2004-09-28 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device, assembly and method for mitral valve repair
US7281866B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2007-10-16 Intel Corporation Shunt voltage regulator and method of using
US7007698B2 (en) * 2002-04-03 2006-03-07 Boston Scientific Corporation Body lumen closure
EP2039325A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2009-03-25 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device for modifying the shape of a body organ
US8287555B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2012-10-16 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
KR101050626B1 (en) * 2002-08-29 2011-07-19 미트랄 솔루션스, 인크. Implantation device for controlling the inner circumference of the anatomical orifice or lumen
US8758372B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2014-06-24 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Implantable devices for controlling the size and shape of an anatomical structure or lumen
EP1562522B1 (en) * 2002-10-01 2008-12-31 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices and systems for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US7087064B1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2006-08-08 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Apparatuses and methods for heart valve repair
WO2004037128A1 (en) 2002-10-24 2004-05-06 Boston Scientific Limited Venous valve apparatus and method
US7247134B2 (en) * 2002-11-12 2007-07-24 Myocor, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
WO2004043265A2 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-27 Myocor, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7485143B2 (en) * 2002-11-15 2009-02-03 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Apparatuses and methods for heart valve repair
US7335213B1 (en) 2002-11-15 2008-02-26 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Apparatus and methods for heart valve repair
US7404824B1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2008-07-29 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Valve aptation assist device
US7981152B1 (en) 2004-12-10 2011-07-19 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Vascular delivery system for accessing and delivering devices into coronary sinus and other vascular sites
US9149602B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2015-10-06 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Dual needle delivery system
US8187324B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2012-05-29 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Telescoping apparatus for delivering and adjusting a medical device in a vessel
US7316708B2 (en) * 2002-12-05 2008-01-08 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Medical device delivery system
US7837729B2 (en) * 2002-12-05 2010-11-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty delivery system
US7314485B2 (en) * 2003-02-03 2008-01-01 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Mitral valve device using conditioned shape memory alloy
US20040158321A1 (en) * 2003-02-12 2004-08-12 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Method of implanting a mitral valve therapy device
US20040220654A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-04 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US20060161169A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2006-07-20 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc., A Delaware Corporation Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US10667823B2 (en) 2003-05-19 2020-06-02 Evalve, Inc. Fixation devices, systems and methods for engaging tissue
US7351259B2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2008-04-01 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device, system and method to affect the mitral valve annulus of a heart
US7887582B2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2011-02-15 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US8052751B2 (en) * 2003-07-02 2011-11-08 Flexcor, Inc. Annuloplasty rings for repairing cardiac valves
US7513867B2 (en) * 2003-07-16 2009-04-07 Kardium, Inc. Methods and devices for altering blood flow through the left ventricle
DE10338110A1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-03-10 Biomet Deutschland Gmbh Chitosan-coated metallic article and method of making the same
US7998112B2 (en) * 2003-09-30 2011-08-16 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Deflectable catheter assembly and method of making same
WO2005046520A2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2005-05-26 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Device and method for treating congestive heart failure
US20050187620A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-08-25 Suresh Pai Systems for heart treatment
US7794496B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2010-09-14 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Tissue shaping device with integral connector and crimp
US20050137450A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc., A Washington Corporation Tapered connector for tissue shaping device
US9526616B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2016-12-27 Cardiac Dimensions Pty. Ltd. Mitral valve annuloplasty device with twisted anchor
US7837728B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2010-11-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Reduced length tissue shaping device
US20050137449A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Tissue shaping device with self-expanding anchors
WO2005087140A1 (en) 2004-03-11 2005-09-22 Percutaneous Cardiovascular Solutions Pty Limited Percutaneous heart valve prosthesis
EP1750592B1 (en) 2004-05-14 2016-12-28 Evalve, Inc. Locking mechanisms for fixation devices
US7731650B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2010-06-08 Ethicon, Inc. Magnetic capture and placement for cardiac assist device
US20060004249A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Ethicon Incorporated Systems and methods for sizing cardiac assist device
US7601117B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2009-10-13 Ethicon, Inc. Systems and methods for assisting cardiac valve coaptation
US7285087B2 (en) * 2004-07-15 2007-10-23 Micardia Corporation Shape memory devices and methods for reshaping heart anatomy
US7402134B2 (en) * 2004-07-15 2008-07-22 Micardia Corporation Magnetic devices and methods for reshaping heart anatomy
CN101056596B (en) 2004-09-14 2011-08-03 爱德华兹生命科学股份公司 Device and method for treatment of heart valve regurgitation
US7635329B2 (en) * 2004-09-27 2009-12-22 Evalve, Inc. Methods and devices for tissue grasping and assessment
US8052592B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2011-11-08 Evalve, Inc. Methods and devices for tissue grasping and assessment
SE0403046D0 (en) 2004-12-15 2004-12-15 Medtentia Ab A device and method for improving the function of a heart valve
JP4926980B2 (en) * 2005-01-20 2012-05-09 カーディアック ディメンションズ インコーポレイテッド Tissue shaping device
US8470028B2 (en) 2005-02-07 2013-06-25 Evalve, Inc. Methods, systems and devices for cardiac valve repair
EP3967269A3 (en) 2005-02-07 2022-07-13 Evalve, Inc. Systems and devices for cardiac valve repair
CN102247225B (en) * 2005-02-28 2015-07-22 梅德坦提亚国际有限公司 Device for improving the function of heart valve and kit
US8608797B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2013-12-17 Valtech Cardio Ltd. Mitral valve treatment techniques
US7763037B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2010-07-27 Castlewood Surgical, Inc. System and method for attaching a vein, an artery, or a tube in a vascular environment
EP2626039B1 (en) 2005-03-25 2015-10-14 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Apparatus for controlling the internal circumference of an anatomic orifice or lumen
US8864823B2 (en) * 2005-03-25 2014-10-21 StJude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Methods and apparatus for controlling the internal circumference of an anatomic orifice or lumen
US20060247672A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Vidlund Robert M Devices and methods for pericardial access
EP1903988A2 (en) * 2005-06-07 2008-04-02 The International Heart Institute Of Montana Found A system, including method and apparatus for percutaneous endovascular treatment of functional mitral valve insufficiency
US20090082619A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2009-03-26 De Marchena Eduardo Method of treating cardiomyopathy
US7766816B2 (en) 2005-06-09 2010-08-03 Chf Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for closing off a portion of a heart ventricle
US8685083B2 (en) * 2005-06-27 2014-04-01 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Apparatus, system, and method for treatment of posterior leaflet prolapse
BRPI0617066A2 (en) * 2005-09-07 2011-07-12 Medtentia Ab heart valve function enhancement devices and method
US7695510B2 (en) * 2005-10-11 2010-04-13 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Annuloplasty device having shape-adjusting tension filaments
US9125742B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2015-09-08 Georgia Tech Research Foundation Papillary muscle position control devices, systems, and methods
EP1968492A2 (en) 2005-12-15 2008-09-17 Georgia Technology Research Corporation Systems and methods to control the dimension of a heart valve
US8568473B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2013-10-29 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Systems and methods for enabling heart valve replacement
US7749249B2 (en) * 2006-02-21 2010-07-06 Kardium Inc. Method and device for closing holes in tissue
US7503932B2 (en) * 2006-04-11 2009-03-17 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Mitral valve annuloplasty device with vena cava anchor
CA2677968C (en) 2006-05-15 2014-07-08 Enovacor Aps A system and a method for altering the geometry of the heart
US20070270688A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Daniel Gelbart Automatic atherectomy system
US8449605B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2013-05-28 Kardium Inc. Method for anchoring a mitral valve
US11389232B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2022-07-19 Kardium Inc. Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation
US10028783B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2018-07-24 Kardium Inc. Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation
US8920411B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2014-12-30 Kardium Inc. Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation
US9119633B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2015-09-01 Kardium Inc. Apparatus and method for intra-cardiac mapping and ablation
US7877142B2 (en) * 2006-07-05 2011-01-25 Micardia Corporation Methods and systems for cardiac remodeling via resynchronization
US11285005B2 (en) 2006-07-17 2022-03-29 Cardiac Dimensions Pty. Ltd. Mitral valve annuloplasty device with twisted anchor
US7837610B2 (en) * 2006-08-02 2010-11-23 Kardium Inc. System for improving diastolic dysfunction
US8123668B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2012-02-28 Bioventrix (A Chf Technologies' Company) Signal transmitting and lesion excluding heart implants for pacing defibrillating and/or sensing of heart beat
US8166978B2 (en) * 2006-10-04 2012-05-01 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Methods and systems for manipulating tissue
US7854849B2 (en) * 2006-10-10 2010-12-21 Multiphase Systems Integration Compact multiphase inline bulk water separation method and system for hydrocarbon production
US20080091057A1 (en) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and apparatus for passive left atrial support
US9883943B2 (en) 2006-12-05 2018-02-06 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Implantation of repair devices in the heart
JP2010511469A (en) 2006-12-05 2010-04-15 バルテック カーディオ,リミティド Segmented ring placement
WO2010004546A1 (en) 2008-06-16 2010-01-14 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Annuloplasty devices and methods of delivery therefor
US11259924B2 (en) 2006-12-05 2022-03-01 Valtech Cardio Ltd. Implantation of repair devices in the heart
EP2111189B1 (en) * 2007-01-03 2017-04-05 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Implantable devices for controlling the size and shape of an anatomical structure or lumen
US9427215B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2016-08-30 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Minimally invasive system for delivering and securing an annular implant
WO2008098226A1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2008-08-14 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Progressively sized annuloplasty rings
US20080262522A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-23 Rachadip Singh Sachasin Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Restrictive Bariatric Procedure And Related Device
WO2009009371A2 (en) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 The General Hospital Corporation System and method for intraventricular treatment
US8728101B2 (en) * 2007-08-21 2014-05-20 Castlewood Surgical, Inc. System and method for providing an obturator for enhanced directional capabilities in a vascular environment
US8486094B2 (en) 2007-08-21 2013-07-16 Castlewood Surgical, Inc. System and method for providing an obturator for enhanced directional capabilities in a vascular environment
CN103393485B (en) 2007-09-07 2016-08-10 爱德华兹生命科学公司 For carrying the travel(l)ing rest of annuloplasty ring
DE102007043830A1 (en) * 2007-09-13 2009-04-02 Lozonschi, Lucian, Madison Heart valve stent
US20090076597A1 (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-03-19 Jonathan Micheal Dahlgren System for mechanical adjustment of medical implants
US8906011B2 (en) 2007-11-16 2014-12-09 Kardium Inc. Medical device for use in bodily lumens, for example an atrium
US20090307066A1 (en) * 2007-12-11 2009-12-10 Interactive Marketing, Incorporate Coupon dispensing methods and systems
US9131928B2 (en) * 2007-12-20 2015-09-15 Mor Research Applications Ltd. Elongated body for deployment in a heart
US8489172B2 (en) * 2008-01-25 2013-07-16 Kardium Inc. Liposuction system
FR2930137B1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2010-04-23 Corevalve Inc TREATMENT EQUIPMENT FOR A CARDIAC VALVE, IN PARTICULAR A MITRAL VALVE.
US20090287304A1 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Kardium Inc. Medical Device for Constricting Tissue or a Bodily Orifice, for example a mitral valve
US20100010538A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Maquet Cardiovascular Llc Reshaping the mitral valve of a heart
US8425402B2 (en) * 2008-07-21 2013-04-23 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac anchor structures, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US20100023118A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method and apparatus for repairing or replacing chordae tendinae
US8006594B2 (en) * 2008-08-11 2011-08-30 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Catheter cutting tool
US8778016B2 (en) * 2008-08-14 2014-07-15 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method and apparatus for repairing or replacing chordae tendinae
US8652202B2 (en) 2008-08-22 2014-02-18 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Prosthetic heart valve and delivery apparatus
EP2349019B1 (en) 2008-10-10 2020-03-25 Ancora Heart, Inc. Termination devices and related methods
EP4321134A2 (en) 2008-11-21 2024-02-14 Percutaneous Cardiovascular Solutions Pty Limited Heart valve prosthesis and method
WO2010073246A2 (en) 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Adjustable annuloplasty devices and adjustment mechanisms therefor
US8545553B2 (en) 2009-05-04 2013-10-01 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Over-wire rotation tool
US8147542B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2012-04-03 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Adjustable repair chords and spool mechanism therefor
US8940044B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2015-01-27 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Closure element for use with an annuloplasty structure
US10517719B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2019-12-31 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Implantation of repair devices in the heart
US8241351B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2012-08-14 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Adjustable partial annuloplasty ring and mechanism therefor
US8926697B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2015-01-06 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Closed band for percutaneous annuloplasty
US9011530B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2015-04-21 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Partially-adjustable annuloplasty structure
US8808368B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2014-08-19 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Implantation of repair chords in the heart
US8715342B2 (en) 2009-05-07 2014-05-06 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Annuloplasty ring with intra-ring anchoring
US20100185278A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-22 Tendyne Medical Apical Papillary Msucle Attachment for Left Ventricular Reduction
US20100210899A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-08-19 Tendyne Medical, Inc. Method for percutaneous lateral access to the left ventricle for treatment of mitral insufficiency by papillary muscle alignment
AU2010206732A1 (en) * 2009-01-22 2011-08-25 St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. Post-operative adjustment tool, minimally invasive attachment apparatus, and adjustable tricuspid ring
BRPI1007540A2 (en) * 2009-01-22 2016-02-16 St Jude Medical Cardiology Div device and method for adjusting at least one of the shape and size of an anatomical or lumen orifice
US8353956B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2013-01-15 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Actively-engageable movement-restriction mechanism for use with an annuloplasty structure
US20110015476A1 (en) * 2009-03-04 2011-01-20 Jeff Franco Devices and Methods for Treating Cardiomyopathy
WO2013069019A2 (en) 2011-11-08 2013-05-16 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Controlled steering functionality for implant-delivery tool
US9968452B2 (en) 2009-05-04 2018-05-15 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Annuloplasty ring delivery cathethers
US8523881B2 (en) 2010-07-26 2013-09-03 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Multiple anchor delivery tool
US8449466B2 (en) 2009-05-28 2013-05-28 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation System and method for locating medical devices in vivo using ultrasound Doppler mode
US8545531B2 (en) 2009-06-26 2013-10-01 Safe Wire Holding, Llc Guidewire and method for surgical procedures
CA2766292A1 (en) 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 Safe Wire Holding, Llc K-wire and method for surgical procedures
EP2633821B1 (en) 2009-09-15 2016-04-06 Evalve, Inc. Device for cardiac valve repair
WO2011041571A2 (en) 2009-10-01 2011-04-07 Kardium Inc. Medical device, kit and method for constricting tissue or a bodily orifice, for example, a mitral valve
US9011520B2 (en) 2009-10-29 2015-04-21 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Tissue anchor for annuloplasty device
US8690939B2 (en) 2009-10-29 2014-04-08 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Method for guide-wire based advancement of a rotation assembly
US10098737B2 (en) 2009-10-29 2018-10-16 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Tissue anchor for annuloplasty device
US8277502B2 (en) * 2009-10-29 2012-10-02 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Tissue anchor for annuloplasty device
US9180007B2 (en) 2009-10-29 2015-11-10 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Apparatus and method for guide-wire based advancement of an adjustable implant
US8740970B2 (en) * 2009-12-02 2014-06-03 Castlewood Surgical, Inc. System and method for attaching a vessel in a vascular environment
EP2506777B1 (en) 2009-12-02 2020-11-25 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Combination of spool assembly coupled to a helical anchor and delivery tool for implantation thereof
US8449599B2 (en) 2009-12-04 2013-05-28 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Prosthetic valve for replacing mitral valve
AU2010328106A1 (en) 2009-12-08 2012-07-05 Avalon Medical Ltd. Device and system for transcatheter mitral valve replacement
US8870950B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2014-10-28 Mitral Tech Ltd. Rotation-based anchoring of an implant
US8961596B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2015-02-24 4Tech Inc. Method and apparatus for tricuspid valve repair using tension
US9107749B2 (en) 2010-02-03 2015-08-18 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Methods for treating a heart
US9072603B2 (en) * 2010-02-24 2015-07-07 Medtronic Ventor Technologies, Ltd. Mitral prosthesis and methods for implantation
US8357195B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2013-01-22 Medtronic, Inc. Catheter based annuloplasty system and method
US9795482B2 (en) 2010-04-27 2017-10-24 Medtronic, Inc. Prosthetic heart valve devices and methods of valve repair
US8790394B2 (en) 2010-05-24 2014-07-29 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Adjustable artificial chordeae tendineae with suture loops
US9050066B2 (en) 2010-06-07 2015-06-09 Kardium Inc. Closing openings in anatomical tissue
US11653910B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2023-05-23 Cardiovalve Ltd. Helical anchor implantation
US10524911B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2020-01-07 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Flexible annuloplasty ring with select control points
US8940002B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2015-01-27 Kardium Inc. Tissue anchor system
US9198756B2 (en) 2010-11-18 2015-12-01 Pavilion Medical Innovations, Llc Tissue restraining devices and methods of use
EP2640316B1 (en) * 2010-11-18 2017-03-15 Pavilion Medical Innovations, LLC Tissue restraining devices and methods of use
WO2012068541A2 (en) 2010-11-18 2012-05-24 Pavilion Medical Innovations Tissue restraining devices and methods of use
US8932350B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2015-01-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Reduced dehiscence annuloplasty ring
US11259867B2 (en) 2011-01-21 2022-03-01 Kardium Inc. High-density electrode-based medical device system
US9452016B2 (en) 2011-01-21 2016-09-27 Kardium Inc. Catheter system
CA2764494A1 (en) 2011-01-21 2012-07-21 Kardium Inc. Enhanced medical device for use in bodily cavities, for example an atrium
US9486273B2 (en) 2011-01-21 2016-11-08 Kardium Inc. High-density electrode-based medical device system
WO2012161769A1 (en) 2011-02-18 2012-11-29 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Implant retrieval device
WO2012112967A1 (en) 2011-02-18 2012-08-23 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Systems and methods for variable stiffness tethers
US8454656B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2013-06-04 Medtronic Ventor Technologies Ltd. Self-suturing anchors
US9445898B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2016-09-20 Medtronic Ventor Technologies Ltd. Mitral valve repair
US9072511B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2015-07-07 Kardium Inc. Medical kit for constricting tissue or a bodily orifice, for example, a mitral valve
US10792152B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2020-10-06 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Closed band for percutaneous annuloplasty
US9918840B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2018-03-20 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Closed band for percutaneous annuloplasty
EP2734157B1 (en) 2011-07-21 2018-09-05 4Tech Inc. Apparatus for tricuspid valve repair using tension
CA3040390C (en) 2011-08-11 2022-03-15 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Improvements for prosthetic valves and related inventions
US8945177B2 (en) 2011-09-13 2015-02-03 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Gripper pusher mechanism for tissue apposition systems
US8900295B2 (en) 2011-09-26 2014-12-02 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Prosthetic valve with ventricular tethers
US8858623B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2014-10-14 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Implant having multiple rotational assemblies
EP2790609B1 (en) 2011-12-12 2015-09-09 David Alon Heart valve repair device
US10398555B2 (en) 2011-12-12 2019-09-03 Cardiac Implants Llc Magnetically coupled cinching of a loop installed in a valve annulus
US9827092B2 (en) 2011-12-16 2017-11-28 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Tethers for prosthetic mitral valve
USD777925S1 (en) 2012-01-20 2017-01-31 Kardium Inc. Intra-cardiac procedure device
USD777926S1 (en) 2012-01-20 2017-01-31 Kardium Inc. Intra-cardiac procedure device
US9198592B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2015-12-01 Kardium Inc. Systems and methods for activating transducers
US10827977B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2020-11-10 Kardium Inc. Systems and methods for activating transducers
US9011423B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2015-04-21 Kardium, Inc. Systems and methods for selecting, activating, or selecting and activating transducers
WO2014022124A1 (en) 2012-07-28 2014-02-06 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Improved multi-component designs for heart valve retrieval device, sealing structures and stent assembly
US9675454B2 (en) 2012-07-30 2017-06-13 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Delivery systems and methods for transcatheter prosthetic valves
CA2885354A1 (en) 2012-09-29 2014-04-03 Mitralign, Inc. Plication lock delivery system and method of use thereof
EP3517052A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2019-07-31 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Controlled steering functionality for implant-delivery tool
US10376266B2 (en) 2012-10-23 2019-08-13 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Percutaneous tissue anchor techniques
US9730793B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2017-08-15 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Techniques for guide-wire based advancement of a tool
US9681952B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2017-06-20 Mitraltech Ltd. Anchoring of prosthetic valve supports
WO2014134183A1 (en) 2013-02-26 2014-09-04 Mitralign, Inc. Devices and methods for percutaneous tricuspid valve repair
WO2014136056A1 (en) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-12 Medical Research, Infrastructure And Health Services Fund Of The Tel-Aviv Medical Center Cardiac valve commissure brace
US10449333B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-10-22 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Guidewire feeder
US9687346B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-06-27 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Multi-stranded heat set annuloplasty rings
EP2968847B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2023-03-08 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Translation catheter systems
US10463489B2 (en) 2013-04-02 2019-11-05 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Prosthetic heart valve and systems and methods for delivering the same
US9486306B2 (en) 2013-04-02 2016-11-08 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Inflatable annular sealing device for prosthetic mitral valve
US11224510B2 (en) 2013-04-02 2022-01-18 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Prosthetic heart valve and systems and methods for delivering the same
US10478293B2 (en) 2013-04-04 2019-11-19 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Retrieval and repositioning system for prosthetic heart valve
US9610159B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2017-04-04 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Structural members for prosthetic mitral valves
CN106618802B (en) 2013-06-06 2018-02-06 戴维·阿隆 Heart valve repair and replacing
CA2914856C (en) 2013-06-25 2021-03-09 Chad Perrin Thrombus management and structural compliance features for prosthetic heart valves
CN105555231B (en) 2013-08-01 2018-02-09 坦迪尼控股股份有限公司 External membrane of heart anchor and method
WO2015058039A1 (en) 2013-10-17 2015-04-23 Robert Vidlund Apparatus and methods for alignment and deployment of intracardiac devices
US10299793B2 (en) 2013-10-23 2019-05-28 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Anchor magazine
CA2924389C (en) 2013-10-28 2021-11-09 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Prosthetic heart valve and systems and methods for delivering the same
US9526611B2 (en) 2013-10-29 2016-12-27 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Apparatus and methods for delivery of transcatheter prosthetic valves
US9610162B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2017-04-04 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Implantation of flexible implant
WO2015120122A2 (en) 2014-02-05 2015-08-13 Robert Vidlund Apparatus and methods for transfemoral delivery of prosthetic mitral valve
US9986993B2 (en) 2014-02-11 2018-06-05 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Adjustable tether and epicardial pad system for prosthetic heart valve
CA2937566C (en) 2014-03-10 2023-09-05 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Devices and methods for positioning and monitoring tether load for prosthetic mitral valve
US10390943B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2019-08-27 Evalve, Inc. Double orifice device for transcatheter mitral valve replacement
US20150342737A1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Brian A. Biancucci Mitral and ventricular geometry restoration systems and methods
WO2016059639A1 (en) 2014-10-14 2016-04-21 Valtech Cardio Ltd. Leaflet-restraining techniques
US10368936B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2019-08-06 Kardium Inc. Systems and methods for selecting, activating, or selecting and activating transducers
US10722184B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2020-07-28 Kardium Inc. Systems and methods for selecting, activating, or selecting and activating transducers
US10524792B2 (en) 2014-12-04 2020-01-07 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Percutaneous clip for repairing a heart valve
US10188392B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2019-01-29 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Grasping for tissue repair
JP6826035B2 (en) 2015-01-07 2021-02-03 テンダイン ホールディングス,インコーポレイテッド Artificial mitral valve, and devices and methods for its delivery
JP6718459B2 (en) 2015-02-05 2020-07-08 テンダイン ホールディングス,インコーポレイテッド Expandable epicardial pad and device and methods of delivery thereof
WO2016125160A1 (en) 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Mitraltech Ltd. Prosthetic valve with axially-sliding frames
US20160256269A1 (en) 2015-03-05 2016-09-08 Mitralign, Inc. Devices for treating paravalvular leakage and methods use thereof
US10524912B2 (en) 2015-04-02 2020-01-07 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Tissue fixation devices and methods
WO2016168609A1 (en) 2015-04-16 2016-10-20 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Apparatus and methods for delivery, repositioning, and retrieval of transcatheter prosthetic valves
CN111265335B (en) 2015-04-30 2022-03-15 瓦尔泰克卡迪欧有限公司 Valvuloplasty techniques
US10517726B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2019-12-31 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart valve sealing devices and delivery devices therefor
US10314707B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2019-06-11 Edwards Lifesciences, Llc Asymmetric mitral annuloplasty band
US10376673B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2019-08-13 Evalve, Inc. Catheter guiding system and methods
US10238494B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2019-03-26 Evalve, Inc. Self-aligning radiopaque ring
US10667815B2 (en) 2015-07-21 2020-06-02 Evalve, Inc. Tissue grasping devices and related methods
US10413408B2 (en) 2015-08-06 2019-09-17 Evalve, Inc. Delivery catheter systems, methods, and devices
US10327894B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-06-25 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Methods for delivery of prosthetic mitral valves
US10238495B2 (en) 2015-10-09 2019-03-26 Evalve, Inc. Delivery catheter handle and methods of use
AU2016362474B2 (en) 2015-12-03 2021-04-22 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Frame features for prosthetic mitral valves
JP6795591B2 (en) 2015-12-28 2020-12-02 テンダイン ホールディングス,インコーポレイテッド Atrial pocket closure for artificial heart valve
US10828160B2 (en) 2015-12-30 2020-11-10 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation System and method for reducing tricuspid regurgitation
US10751182B2 (en) 2015-12-30 2020-08-25 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation System and method for reshaping right heart
US10799676B2 (en) 2016-03-21 2020-10-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Multi-direction steerable handles for steering catheters
US10799675B2 (en) 2016-03-21 2020-10-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Cam controlled multi-direction steerable handles
US10835714B2 (en) 2016-03-21 2020-11-17 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Multi-direction steerable handles for steering catheters
US10799677B2 (en) 2016-03-21 2020-10-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Multi-direction steerable handles for steering catheters
US11219746B2 (en) 2016-03-21 2022-01-11 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Multi-direction steerable handles for steering catheters
US10159569B2 (en) 2016-04-12 2018-12-25 Lars Erickson Minimally invasive atrio-ventricular valve treatment by chordae adjustment
US10799358B2 (en) 2016-04-12 2020-10-13 Lars Erickson Catheter system for selectively manipulating and connecting cardiac tissues
US10470877B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2019-11-12 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Apparatus and methods for anterior valve leaflet management
US10702274B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2020-07-07 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method and system for closing left atrial appendage
WO2017218375A1 (en) 2016-06-13 2017-12-21 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Sequential delivery of two-part prosthetic mitral valve
EP3478224B1 (en) 2016-06-30 2022-11-02 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Prosthetic heart valves and apparatus for delivery of same
US10736632B2 (en) 2016-07-06 2020-08-11 Evalve, Inc. Methods and devices for valve clip excision
US10973638B2 (en) 2016-07-07 2021-04-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Device and method for treating vascular insufficiency
GB201611910D0 (en) 2016-07-08 2016-08-24 Valtech Cardio Ltd Adjustable annuloplasty device with alternating peaks and troughs
EP3484411A1 (en) 2016-07-12 2019-05-22 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Apparatus and methods for trans-septal retrieval of prosthetic heart valves
EP3848003A1 (en) 2016-08-10 2021-07-14 Cardiovalve Ltd. Prosthetic valve with concentric frames
US11071564B2 (en) 2016-10-05 2021-07-27 Evalve, Inc. Cardiac valve cutting device
US10653862B2 (en) 2016-11-07 2020-05-19 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Apparatus for the introduction and manipulation of multiple telescoping catheters
US10363138B2 (en) 2016-11-09 2019-07-30 Evalve, Inc. Devices for adjusting the curvature of cardiac valve structures
US10398553B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2019-09-03 Evalve, Inc. Opposing disk device for grasping cardiac valve tissue
US10426616B2 (en) 2016-11-17 2019-10-01 Evalve, Inc. Cardiac implant delivery system
AU2017362497B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2022-07-28 Ancora Heart, Inc. Myocardial implant load sharing device and methods to promote LV function
US10779837B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-09-22 Evalve, Inc. Adjustable arm device for grasping tissues
US10314586B2 (en) 2016-12-13 2019-06-11 Evalve, Inc. Rotatable device and method for fixing tricuspid valve tissue
US10905554B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2021-02-02 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart valve coaptation device
EP3579761A2 (en) 2017-02-08 2019-12-18 4Tech Inc. Post-implantation tensioning in cardiac implants
US10390953B2 (en) 2017-03-08 2019-08-27 Cardiac Dimensions Pty. Ltd. Methods and devices for reducing paravalvular leakage
LT3558169T (en) 2017-04-18 2022-02-10 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart valve sealing devices and delivery devices therefor
US11045627B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2021-06-29 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Catheter system with linear actuation control mechanism
US11224511B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2022-01-18 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart valve sealing devices and delivery devices therefor
US10925730B2 (en) 2017-04-25 2021-02-23 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Papillary muscle adjustment
US10799312B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2020-10-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Medical device stabilizing apparatus and method of use
US10959846B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2021-03-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Mitral valve spacer device
US11065119B2 (en) 2017-05-12 2021-07-20 Evalve, Inc. Long arm valve repair clip
WO2019014473A1 (en) 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Prosthetic heart valves and apparatus and methods for delivery of same
WO2019046099A1 (en) 2017-08-28 2019-03-07 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Prosthetic heart valves with tether coupling features
US11051940B2 (en) 2017-09-07 2021-07-06 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Prosthetic spacer device for heart valve
US11065117B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2021-07-20 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Axisymmetric adjustable device for treating mitral regurgitation
WO2019055214A1 (en) 2017-09-12 2019-03-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous papillary muscle relocation
US11110251B2 (en) 2017-09-19 2021-09-07 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Multi-direction steerable handles for steering catheters
US11173033B2 (en) * 2017-09-22 2021-11-16 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Dome structure for improved left ventricle function
WO2019079788A1 (en) 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Heart valve repair implant for treating tricuspid regurgitation
US10835221B2 (en) 2017-11-02 2020-11-17 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Implant-cinching devices and systems
US10105222B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2018-10-23 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10136993B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2018-11-27 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10973639B2 (en) 2018-01-09 2021-04-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10123873B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2018-11-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10076415B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2018-09-18 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10231837B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2019-03-19 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10238493B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2019-03-26 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
WO2019139904A1 (en) 2018-01-09 2019-07-18 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10245144B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2019-04-02 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10159570B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2018-12-25 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10111751B1 (en) 2018-01-09 2018-10-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
US10507109B2 (en) 2018-01-09 2019-12-17 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Native valve repair devices and procedures
CN111655200B (en) 2018-01-24 2023-07-14 爱德华兹生命科学创新(以色列)有限公司 Contraction of annuloplasty structures
EP4248904A3 (en) 2018-01-26 2023-11-29 Edwards Lifesciences Innovation (Israel) Ltd. Techniques for facilitating heart valve tethering and chord replacement
US11058540B2 (en) 2018-01-27 2021-07-13 Mitre Medical Corp. Atraumatic adjustment or replacement of a device for treating valve regurgitation
US11389297B2 (en) 2018-04-12 2022-07-19 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Mitral valve spacer device
US11207181B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2021-12-28 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart valve sealing devices and delivery devices therefor
WO2020012481A2 (en) 2018-07-12 2020-01-16 Valtech Cardio, Ltd. Annuloplasty systems and locking tools therefor
CN112437651B (en) 2018-07-30 2024-01-16 爱德华兹生命科学公司 Minimally Invasive Low Strain Annuloplasty Ring
US10945844B2 (en) 2018-10-10 2021-03-16 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart valve sealing devices and delivery devices therefor
WO2020168081A1 (en) 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart valve sealing devices and delivery devices therefor
WO2020247441A1 (en) 2019-06-07 2020-12-10 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. A system, device and method for reshaping a valve annulus
EP4193934A1 (en) 2019-10-29 2023-06-14 Edwards Lifesciences Innovation (Israel) Ltd. Annuloplasty and tissue anchor technologies
US11648110B2 (en) 2019-12-05 2023-05-16 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Braided anchor for mitral valve
US11648114B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2023-05-16 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Distally loaded sheath and loading funnel
US20210369454A1 (en) * 2020-02-10 2021-12-02 Synedcor LLC System and Method for Percutaneously Delivering a Tricuspid Valve
US11857417B2 (en) 2020-08-16 2024-01-02 Trilio Medical Ltd. Leaflet support
US11678980B2 (en) 2020-08-19 2023-06-20 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Fully-transseptal apical pad with pulley for tensioning
EP4259045A1 (en) 2020-12-14 2023-10-18 Cardiac Dimensions Pty. Ltd. Modular pre-loaded medical implants and delivery systems

Citations (86)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3019790A (en) * 1960-07-15 1962-02-06 Robert J Militana Combination hemostat and intravenous needle
US4372293A (en) * 1980-12-24 1983-02-08 Vijil Rosales Cesar A Apparatus and method for surgical correction of ptotic breasts
US4991578A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-02-12 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Method and system for implanting self-anchoring epicardial defibrillation electrodes
US5284488A (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-02-08 Sideris Eleftherios B Adjustable devices for the occlusion of cardiac defects
US5383840A (en) * 1992-07-28 1995-01-24 Vascor, Inc. Biocompatible ventricular assist and arrhythmia control device including cardiac compression band-stay-pad assembly
US5385528A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-01-31 Wilk; Peter J. Intrapericardial assist device and associated method
US5389096A (en) * 1990-12-18 1995-02-14 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems System and method for percutaneous myocardial revascularization
US5593424A (en) * 1994-08-10 1997-01-14 Segmed, Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing and stabilizing the circumference of a vascular structure
US5713954A (en) * 1995-06-13 1998-02-03 Abiomed R&D, Inc. Extra cardiac ventricular assist device
US5718725A (en) * 1992-12-03 1998-02-17 Heartport, Inc. Devices and methods for intracardiac procedures
US5855614A (en) * 1993-02-22 1999-01-05 Heartport, Inc. Method and apparatus for thoracoscopic intracardiac procedures
US5855601A (en) * 1996-06-21 1999-01-05 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Artificial heart valve and method and device for implanting the same
US5865791A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-02-02 E.P. Technologies Inc. Atrial appendage stasis reduction procedure and devices
US6019722A (en) * 1997-09-17 2000-02-01 Guidant Corporation Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery
US6024096A (en) * 1998-05-01 2000-02-15 Correstore Inc Anterior segment ventricular restoration apparatus and method
US6024756A (en) * 1996-03-22 2000-02-15 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Method of reversibly closing a septal defect
US6169922B1 (en) * 1998-11-18 2001-01-02 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Defibrillating cardiac jacket with interwoven electrode grids
US6174332B1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2001-01-16 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Annuloplasty ring with cut zone
US6174279B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-01-16 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac constraint with tension indicator
US6179791B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-01-30 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Device for heart measurement
US6183411B1 (en) * 1998-09-21 2001-02-06 Myocor, Inc. External stress reduction device and method
US6182664B1 (en) * 1996-02-19 2001-02-06 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery procedure
US6183512B1 (en) * 1999-04-16 2001-02-06 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Flexible annuloplasty system
US6190408B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2001-02-20 The University Of Cincinnati Device and method for restructuring the heart chamber geometry
US6193648B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-02-27 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac constraint with draw string tensioning
US6338712B2 (en) * 1997-09-17 2002-01-15 Origin Medsystems, Inc. Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery
US20020007216A1 (en) * 1996-01-02 2002-01-17 Melvin David Boyd Heart wall actuation device for the natural heart
US20020013571A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2002-01-31 Evalve, Inc. Methods and devices for capturing and fixing leaflets in valve repair
US6343605B1 (en) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-05 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Percutaneous transluminal myocardial implantation device and method
US20020016628A1 (en) * 2000-01-31 2002-02-07 Langberg Jonathan J. Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty with hemodynamic monitoring
US20020019580A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-02-14 Lilip Lau Expandable cardiac harness for treating congestive heart failure
US20020022880A1 (en) * 1996-01-02 2002-02-21 Melvin David B. Device and method for restructuring heart chamber geometry
US20020026092A1 (en) * 1998-05-01 2002-02-28 Buckberg Gerald D. Ventricular restoration patch
US20030004396A1 (en) * 2000-01-14 2003-01-02 Acon Cardiovascular, Inc. Delivery of cardiac constraint jacket
US20030009081A1 (en) * 1999-07-08 2003-01-09 Chase Medical, Lp Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery
US6508756B1 (en) * 1995-06-13 2003-01-21 Abiomed, Inc. Passive cardiac assistance device
US6511426B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2003-01-28 Acuson Corporation Medical diagnostic ultrasound system and method for versatile processing
US20030023132A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-01-30 Melvin David B. Cyclic device for restructuring heart chamber geometry
US20030028077A1 (en) * 1998-07-13 2003-02-06 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US20030032979A1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2003-02-13 Myocor, Inc. Transventricular implant tools and devices
US6520904B1 (en) * 1996-01-02 2003-02-18 The University Of Cincinnati Device and method for restructuring heart chamber geometry
US20040002719A1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2004-01-01 Oz Mehmet C. Method and apparatus for circulatory valve repair
US6673009B1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2004-01-06 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Adjustment clamp
US20040003819A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2004-01-08 Evalve, Inc. Methods and apparatus for cardiac valve repair
US6676702B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2004-01-13 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Mitral valve therapy assembly and method
US20040010305A1 (en) * 2001-12-05 2004-01-15 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US20040015041A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-01-22 The University Of Cincinnati Protective sheath apparatus and method for use with a heart wall actuation system for the natural heart
US20040015039A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 The University Of Cincinnati Modular power system and method for a heart wall actuation system for the natural heart
US20040015040A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-01-22 The University Of Cincinnati Flexible, torsionable cardiac framework for heart wall actuation of the natural heart
US6682475B2 (en) * 2002-06-11 2004-01-27 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Tension indicator for cardiac support device and method therefore
US6681773B2 (en) * 2001-02-28 2004-01-27 Chase Medical, Inc. Kit and method for use during ventricular restoration
US6682476B2 (en) * 2000-06-13 2004-01-27 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US20040019377A1 (en) * 2002-01-14 2004-01-29 Taylor Daniel C. Method and apparatus for reducing mitral regurgitation
US20040019378A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2004-01-29 Hlavka Edwin J. Method and apparatus for performing catheter-based annuloplasty
US6685627B2 (en) * 1998-10-09 2004-02-03 Swaminathan Jayaraman Modification of properties and geometry of heart tissue to influence heart function
US6685646B2 (en) * 1996-11-01 2004-02-03 Jomed Inc. Measurement of volumetric fluid flow and its velocity profile
US6685620B2 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-02-03 The Foundry Inc. Ventricular infarct assist device and methods for using it
US20040034271A1 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-02-19 The University Of Cincinnati Heart wall actuation system for the natural heart with shape limiting elements
US6695866B1 (en) * 1998-07-15 2004-02-24 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Mitral and tricuspid valve repair
US6695768B1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2004-02-24 Robert A. Levine Adjustable periventricular ring/ring like device/method for control of ischemic mitral regurgitation and congestive heart disease
US20040039443A1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2004-02-26 Solem Jan Otto Method and device for treatment of mitral insufficiency
US20050004428A1 (en) * 2000-06-12 2005-01-06 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US20050004668A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-06 Flexcor, Inc. Annuloplasty rings and methods for repairing cardiac valves
US20050004666A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2005-01-06 Ottavio Alfieri Annular prosthesis for mitral valve
US20050004665A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-06 Lishan Aklog Annuloplasty rings and methods for repairing cardiac valves
US20050004667A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2005-01-06 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. A Delaware Corporation Device, system and method to affect the mitral valve annulus of a heart
US20050010283A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 Vedic Biotechnology, Inc. Heart failure mitral annuloplasty ring with multiple sets of suture placement indicia
US20050010240A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2005-01-13 Cardiac Dimensions Inc., A Washington Corporation Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US20050010286A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 Vedic Biotechnology, Inc. Heart failure mitral annuloplasty ring with removable central posterior portion
US6846296B1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2005-01-25 Abiomed, Inc. Apparatus and method for detachably securing a device to a natural heart
US20050021121A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2005-01-27 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc., A Delaware Corporation Adjustable height focal tissue deflector
US20050021135A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2005-01-27 Ryan Timothy R. Annuloplasty band and method
US20050027351A1 (en) * 2001-05-14 2005-02-03 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. A Washington Corporation Mitral valve regurgitation treatment device and method
US20050027369A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2005-02-03 Eldridge Stephen N. Prosthetic repair fabric with erosion resistant edge
US20050038509A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2005-02-17 Ashe Kassem Ali Valve prosthesis including a prosthetic leaflet
US20050038506A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2005-02-17 Webler William E. Apparatuses and methods for heart valve repair
US6858039B2 (en) * 2002-07-08 2005-02-22 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Mitral valve annuloplasty ring having a posterior bow
US20050043792A1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2005-02-24 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Device and method for treatment of mitral insufficiency
US20060004443A1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2006-01-05 Liddicoat John R Automated annular plication for mitral valve repair
US20060009842A1 (en) * 1997-03-27 2006-01-12 Huynh Van L Contoured heart valve suture rings
US6989028B2 (en) * 2000-01-31 2006-01-24 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Medical system and method for remodeling an extravascular tissue structure
US20060030885A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2006-02-09 Hyde Gregory M Apparatuses and methods for heart valve repair
US20060036317A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2006-02-16 Myocor, Inc. Decives and methods for heart valve treatment
US20060041306A1 (en) * 2002-01-09 2006-02-23 Myocor, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7163507B2 (en) * 1996-10-02 2007-01-16 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac reinforcement device
US7166126B2 (en) * 2000-02-02 2007-01-23 Paul A. Spence Heart valve repair apparatus and methods

Family Cites Families (344)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US963899A (en) 1909-11-06 1910-07-12 Kistler Samuel L Surgical clamp.
NL143127B (en) 1969-02-04 1974-09-16 Rhone Poulenc Sa REINFORCEMENT DEVICE FOR A DEFECTIVE HEART VALVE.
US3980086A (en) 1974-02-28 1976-09-14 Bio-Medicus, Inc. Fluid conveying surgical instrument
FR2306671A1 (en) 1975-04-11 1976-11-05 Rhone Poulenc Ind VALVULAR IMPLANT
FR2298313A1 (en) 1975-06-23 1976-08-20 Usifroid LINEAR REDUCER FOR VALVULOPLASTY
US4035849A (en) 1975-11-17 1977-07-19 William W. Angell Heart valve stent and process for preparing a stented heart valve prosthesis
US4192293A (en) 1978-09-05 1980-03-11 Manfred Asrican Cardiac assist device
ES474582A1 (en) 1978-10-26 1979-11-01 Aranguren Duo Iker Process for installing mitral valves in their anatomical space by attaching cords to an artificial stent
JPS5563638A (en) 1978-11-09 1980-05-13 Olympus Optical Co Renal pelvis forceps
GB2056023B (en) 1979-08-06 1983-08-10 Ross D N Bodnar E Stent for a cardiac valve
US4306319A (en) 1980-06-16 1981-12-22 Robert L. Kaster Heart valve with non-circular body
US4409974A (en) 1981-06-29 1983-10-18 Freedland Jeffrey A Bone-fixating surgical implant device
IT1155105B (en) 1982-03-03 1987-01-21 Roberto Parravicini PLANT DEVICE TO SUPPORT THE MYOCARDIUM ACTIVITY
DE3227984C2 (en) 1982-07-27 1985-10-17 Abdoll-Hossein Dr. med. 4330 Mülheim Towfigh Device for producing a tendon butt seam
US4579120A (en) 1982-09-30 1986-04-01 Cordis Corporation Strain relief for percutaneous lead
US4592342A (en) 1983-05-02 1986-06-03 Salmasian Samuel S Method for appetite suppression and weight loss maintenance and device
US4629459A (en) 1983-12-28 1986-12-16 Shiley Inc. Alternate stent covering for tissue valves
US4632101A (en) 1985-01-31 1986-12-30 Yosef Freedland Orthopedic fastener
US5104392A (en) 1985-03-22 1992-04-14 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Laser spectro-optic imaging for diagnosis and treatment of diseased tissue
US4690134A (en) 1985-07-01 1987-09-01 Snyders Robert V Ventricular assist device
USRE34021E (en) 1985-11-18 1992-08-04 Abbott Laboratories Percutaneous fixation of hollow organs
US4705040A (en) 1985-11-18 1987-11-10 Medi-Tech, Incorporated Percutaneous fixation of hollow organs
DE3614292C1 (en) 1986-04-26 1987-11-19 Alexander Prof Dr Bernhard Holder for unframed biological mitral valve implant
CA1303298C (en) 1986-08-06 1992-06-16 Alain Carpentier Flexible cardiac valvular support prosthesis
SU1604377A1 (en) 1987-02-23 1990-11-07 Благовещенский государственный медицинский институт Artificial pericardium
US4925443A (en) 1987-02-27 1990-05-15 Heilman Marlin S Biocompatible ventricular assist and arrhythmia control device
GB2214428B (en) 1988-01-09 1991-06-26 Ali Waqar Majeed Surgical device
US5156621A (en) 1988-03-22 1992-10-20 Navia Jose A Stentless bioprosthetic cardiac valve
US4960424A (en) 1988-06-30 1990-10-02 Grooters Ronald K Method of replacing a defective atrio-ventricular valve with a total atrio-ventricular valve bioprosthesis
US4944753A (en) 1988-09-26 1990-07-31 Burgess Frank M Method for producing retro-sternal space
EP0595791B1 (en) 1989-02-13 1999-06-30 Baxter International Inc. Anuloplasty ring prosthesis
US5290300A (en) 1989-07-31 1994-03-01 Baxter International Inc. Flexible suture guide and holder
US4997431A (en) 1989-08-30 1991-03-05 Angeion Corporation Catheter
US5129906A (en) 1989-09-08 1992-07-14 Linvatec Corporation Bioabsorbable tack for joining bodily tissue and in vivo method and apparatus for deploying same
US5131905A (en) 1990-07-16 1992-07-21 Grooters Ronald K External cardiac assist device
CA2059245C (en) 1991-02-08 2004-07-06 Michael P. Chesterfield Method and apparatus for calendering and coating/filling sutures
JPH05184611A (en) 1991-03-19 1993-07-27 Kenji Kusuhara Valvular annulation retaining member and its attaching method
US5300087A (en) 1991-03-22 1994-04-05 Knoepfler Dennis J Multiple purpose forceps
US5169381A (en) 1991-03-29 1992-12-08 Snyders Robert V Ventricular assist device
US5258015A (en) 1991-05-03 1993-11-02 American Cyanamid Company Locking filament caps
US5571215A (en) 1993-02-22 1996-11-05 Heartport, Inc. Devices and methods for intracardiac procedures
US5458574A (en) 1994-03-16 1995-10-17 Heartport, Inc. System for performing a cardiac procedure
US5584803A (en) 1991-07-16 1996-12-17 Heartport, Inc. System for cardiac procedures
US5452733A (en) 1993-02-22 1995-09-26 Stanford Surgical Technologies, Inc. Methods for performing thoracoscopic coronary artery bypass
US5608849A (en) * 1991-08-27 1997-03-04 King, Jr.; Donald Method of visual guidance for positioning images or data in three-dimensional space
US5344385A (en) 1991-09-30 1994-09-06 Thoratec Laboratories Corporation Step-down skeletal muscle energy conversion system
DK168419B1 (en) 1991-11-25 1994-03-28 Cook Inc A Cook Group Company Abdominal wall support device and apparatus for insertion thereof
US5192314A (en) 1991-12-12 1993-03-09 Daskalakis Michael K Synthetic intraventricular implants and method of inserting
US5250049A (en) 1992-01-10 1993-10-05 Michael Roger H Bone and tissue connectors
DE69331315T2 (en) 1992-01-27 2002-08-22 Medtronic Inc ANULOPLASTIC AND SEAM RINGS
US5258021A (en) 1992-01-27 1993-11-02 Duran Carlos G Sigmoid valve annuloplasty ring
US5758663A (en) 1992-04-10 1998-06-02 Wilk; Peter J. Coronary artery by-pass method
NL9200878A (en) 1992-05-19 1993-12-16 Dirk Wouter Meijer En Joannes Medical-instrument-insertion equipment in body cavity - has devices detachably securing tube distal end to wall of hollow organ
US5256132A (en) 1992-08-17 1993-10-26 Snyders Robert V Cardiac assist envelope for endoscopic application
DE4234127C2 (en) 1992-10-09 1996-02-22 Herbert Dr Vetter Heart valve prosthesis
US5814097A (en) 1992-12-03 1998-09-29 Heartport, Inc. Devices and methods for intracardiac procedures
US5522884A (en) 1993-02-19 1996-06-04 Medtronic, Inc. Holder for adjustable mitral & tricuspid annuloplasty rings
US5728151A (en) 1993-02-22 1998-03-17 Heartport, Inc. Intercostal access devices for less-invasive cardiovascular surgery
US6125852A (en) * 1993-02-22 2000-10-03 Heartport, Inc. Minimally-invasive devices and methods for treatment of congestive heart failure
US6010531A (en) 1993-02-22 2000-01-04 Heartport, Inc. Less-invasive devices and methods for cardiac valve surgery
US20020029783A1 (en) 1993-02-22 2002-03-14 Stevens John H. Minimally-invasive devices and methods for treatment of congestive heart failure
US5972030A (en) 1993-02-22 1999-10-26 Heartport, Inc. Less-invasive devices and methods for treatment of cardiac valves
DE4306277C2 (en) 1993-03-01 2000-11-02 Leibinger Gmbh Operation marking tool
US6155968A (en) 1998-07-23 2000-12-05 Wilk; Peter J. Method and device for improving cardiac function
US6258021B1 (en) 1993-06-17 2001-07-10 Peter J. Wilk Intrapericardial assist method
US6776754B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2004-08-17 Wilk Patent Development Corporation Method for closing off lower portion of heart ventricle
US6572529B2 (en) 1993-06-17 2003-06-03 Wilk Patent Development Corporation Intrapericardial assist method
US5971911A (en) 1993-06-17 1999-10-26 Wilk; Peter J. Intrapericardial assist device and associated method
US5533958A (en) 1993-06-17 1996-07-09 Wilk; Peter J. Intrapericardial assist device and associated method
US5800334A (en) 1993-06-17 1998-09-01 Wilk; Peter J. Intrapericardial assist device and associated method
FR2708458B1 (en) 1993-08-03 1995-09-15 Seguin Jacques Prosthetic ring for cardiac surgery.
US5450860A (en) 1993-08-31 1995-09-19 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Device for tissue repair and method for employing same
US5480424A (en) 1993-11-01 1996-01-02 Cox; James L. Heart valve replacement using flexible tubes
WO1997024083A1 (en) 1993-11-01 1997-07-10 Cox James L Method of replacing heart valves using flexible tubes
WO1995016407A1 (en) 1993-12-13 1995-06-22 Brigham And Women's Hospital Aortic valve supporting device
CA2181045C (en) 1993-12-17 2004-08-31 John H. Stevens System for cardiac procedures
US5417709A (en) 1994-04-12 1995-05-23 Symbiosis Corporation Endoscopic instrument with end effectors forming suction and/or irrigation lumens
US5445600A (en) 1994-04-29 1995-08-29 Abdulla; Ra-Id Flow control systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt
US5509428A (en) 1994-05-31 1996-04-23 Dunlop; Richard W. Method and apparatus for the creation of tricuspid regurgitation
NO942636L (en) 1994-07-13 1996-01-15 Latif Sadek Instruments for abdominal surgery in women
US6217610B1 (en) 1994-07-29 2001-04-17 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Expandable annuloplasty ring
US5593435A (en) 1994-07-29 1997-01-14 Baxter International Inc. Distensible annuloplasty ring for surgical remodelling of an atrioventricular valve and nonsurgical method for post-implantation distension thereof to accommodate patient growth
US5433727A (en) 1994-08-16 1995-07-18 Sideris; Eleftherios B. Centering buttoned device for the occlusion of large defects for occluding
DE29500381U1 (en) 1994-08-24 1995-07-20 Schneidt Bernhard Ing Grad Device for closing a duct, in particular the ductus arteriosus
JPH08196538A (en) 1994-09-26 1996-08-06 Ethicon Inc Tissue sticking apparatus for surgery with elastomer component and method of attaching mesh for surgery to said tissue
IL115680A (en) 1994-10-21 1999-03-12 St Jude Medical Rotatable cuff assembly for a heart valve prosthesis
US5849005A (en) 1995-06-07 1998-12-15 Heartport, Inc. Method and apparatus for minimizing the risk of air embolism when performing a procedure in a patient's thoracic cavity
US5840059A (en) 1995-06-07 1998-11-24 Cardiogenesis Corporation Therapeutic and diagnostic agent delivery
US5716399A (en) 1995-10-06 1998-02-10 Cardiomend Llc Methods of heart valve repair
DE19538796C2 (en) 1995-10-18 1999-09-23 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Device for supporting the heart function with elastic filling chambers
AU720907B2 (en) 1995-12-01 2000-06-15 Medtronic, Inc. Annuloplasty prosthesis
EP0792621A1 (en) 1996-02-29 1997-09-03 Munir Dr. Uwaydah Cannulated clamp
US6814700B1 (en) 1996-03-04 2004-11-09 Heartport, Inc. Soft tissue retractor and method for providing surgical access
US5800478A (en) 1996-03-07 1998-09-01 Light Sciences Limited Partnership Flexible microcircuits for internal light therapy
US5738649A (en) 1996-04-16 1998-04-14 Cardeon Corporation Peripheral entry biventricular catheter system for providing access to the heart for cardiopulmonary surgery or for prolonged circulatory support of the heart
US6488706B1 (en) 1996-05-08 2002-12-03 Carag Ag Device for plugging an opening such as in a wall of a hollow or tubular organ
SE510577C2 (en) 1996-05-08 1999-06-07 Carag Ag Device for implants
US5972019A (en) 1996-07-25 1999-10-26 Target Therapeutics, Inc. Mechanical clot treatment device
US5755783A (en) 1996-07-29 1998-05-26 Stobie; Robert Suture rings for rotatable artificial heart valves
EP0930857B1 (en) 1996-09-13 2003-05-02 Medtronic, Inc. Prosthetic heart valve with suturing member having non-uniform radial width
US5655548A (en) 1996-09-16 1997-08-12 Circulation, Inc. Method for treatment of ischemic heart disease by providing transvenous myocardial perfusion
US5800531A (en) 1996-09-30 1998-09-01 Baxter International Inc. Bioprosthetic heart valve implantation device
WO1998017347A1 (en) 1996-10-18 1998-04-30 Cardio Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for assisting a heart
US5827268A (en) 1996-10-30 1998-10-27 Hearten Medical, Inc. Device for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and method of using the device
US5865749A (en) 1996-11-07 1999-02-02 Data Sciences International, Inc. Blood flow meter apparatus and method of use
DE29619294U1 (en) 1996-11-07 1997-07-17 Caic Pero Heart cuff
US6120520A (en) 1997-05-27 2000-09-19 Angiotrax, Inc. Apparatus and methods for stimulating revascularization and/or tissue growth
US6206004B1 (en) 1996-12-06 2001-03-27 Comedicus Incorporated Treatment method via the pericardial space
US6071303A (en) 1996-12-08 2000-06-06 Hearten Medical, Inc. Device for the treatment of infarcted tissue and method of treating infarcted tissue
US5807384A (en) 1996-12-20 1998-09-15 Eclipse Surgical Technologies, Inc. Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) enhanced treatment for coronary artery disease
US5999678A (en) 1996-12-27 1999-12-07 Eclipse Surgical Technologies, Inc. Laser delivery means adapted for drug delivery
US6406420B1 (en) 1997-01-02 2002-06-18 Myocor, Inc. Methods and devices for improving cardiac function in hearts
US7883539B2 (en) 1997-01-02 2011-02-08 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Heart wall tension reduction apparatus and method
US6045497A (en) 1997-01-02 2000-04-04 Myocor, Inc. Heart wall tension reduction apparatus and method
US6077214A (en) 1998-07-29 2000-06-20 Myocor, Inc. Stress reduction apparatus and method
US20030045771A1 (en) 1997-01-02 2003-03-06 Schweich Cyril J. Heart wall tension reduction devices and methods
US5961440A (en) 1997-01-02 1999-10-05 Myocor, Inc. Heart wall tension reduction apparatus and method
US6050936A (en) 1997-01-02 2000-04-18 Myocor, Inc. Heart wall tension reduction apparatus
US5961539A (en) 1997-01-17 1999-10-05 Segmed, Inc. Method and apparatus for sizing, stabilizing and/or reducing the circumference of an anatomical structure
US5928224A (en) 1997-01-24 1999-07-27 Hearten Medical, Inc. Device for the treatment of damaged heart valve leaflets and methods of using the device
US5776189A (en) 1997-03-05 1998-07-07 Khalid; Naqeeb Cardiac valvular support prosthesis
US6443949B2 (en) 1997-03-13 2002-09-03 Biocardia, Inc. Method of drug delivery to interstitial regions of the myocardium
US5961549A (en) 1997-04-03 1999-10-05 Baxter International Inc. Multi-leaflet bioprosthetic heart valve
CA2285231A1 (en) 1997-04-04 1998-10-15 Naum S. Ziselson Drive system for controlling cardiac compression
US6245102B1 (en) 1997-05-07 2001-06-12 Iowa-India Investments Company Ltd. Stent, stent graft and stent valve
US6432059B2 (en) 1997-06-12 2002-08-13 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Method and apparatus for more precisely determined mean left atrial pressure
DE29824017U1 (en) 1997-06-21 2000-05-25 Haindl Hans Pouch for at least partially enclosing a heart
JP2002504841A (en) 1997-06-21 2002-02-12 ハインドル・ハンス A bag surrounding at least part of the heart
US20030105519A1 (en) 1997-09-04 2003-06-05 Roland Fasol Artificial chordae replacement
FR2768324B1 (en) 1997-09-12 1999-12-10 Jacques Seguin SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR PERCUTANEOUSLY FIXING TWO AREAS OF SOFT TISSUE, NORMALLY MUTUALLY REMOTE, TO ONE ANOTHER
US6592552B1 (en) 1997-09-19 2003-07-15 Cecil C. Schmidt Direct pericardial access device and method
US6086532A (en) 1997-09-26 2000-07-11 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems for recording use of structures deployed in association with heart tissue
US6361545B1 (en) 1997-09-26 2002-03-26 Cardeon Corporation Perfusion filter catheter
CA2308426A1 (en) 1997-11-03 1999-05-14 William A. Easterbrook, Iii Method and apparatus for assisting a heart to pump blood
US6113636A (en) 1997-11-20 2000-09-05 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Medical article with adhered antimicrobial metal
US6332893B1 (en) 1997-12-17 2001-12-25 Myocor, Inc. Valve to myocardium tension members device and method
US6001126A (en) 1997-12-24 1999-12-14 Baxter International Inc. Stentless bioprosthetic heart valve with coronary protuberances and related methods for surgical repair of defective heart valves
ES2293473T3 (en) 1998-02-05 2008-03-16 Biosense Webster, Inc. INTRACARDIAC ADMINISTRATION OF FARMACO.
US5944738A (en) 1998-02-06 1999-08-31 Aga Medical Corporation Percutaneous catheter directed constricting occlusion device
US6314322B1 (en) 1998-03-02 2001-11-06 Abiomed, Inc. System and method for treating dilated cardiomyopathy using end diastolic volume (EDV) sensing
US5902229A (en) 1998-03-30 1999-05-11 Cardio Technologies, Inc. Drive system for controlling cardiac compression
US20010044619A1 (en) * 1998-04-08 2001-11-22 Peter A. Altman Cardiac drug delivery system and method for use
US6095968A (en) 1998-04-10 2000-08-01 Cardio Technologies, Inc. Reinforcement device
US6110100A (en) 1998-04-22 2000-08-29 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. System for stress relieving the heart muscle and for controlling heart function
US6221104B1 (en) 1998-05-01 2001-04-24 Cor Restore, Inc. Anterior and interior segment cardiac restoration apparatus and method
US6231518B1 (en) 1998-05-26 2001-05-15 Comedicus Incorporated Intrapericardial electrophysiological procedures
US6250308B1 (en) 1998-06-16 2001-06-26 Cardiac Concepts, Inc. Mitral valve annuloplasty ring and method of implanting
EP1089779A1 (en) 1998-06-24 2001-04-11 Cardio Technologies, Inc. High-pressure drive system
AU745832B2 (en) 1998-07-13 2002-04-11 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment device and method
US6085754A (en) 1998-07-13 2000-07-11 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment method
US7569062B1 (en) 1998-07-15 2009-08-04 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Mitral and tricuspid valve repair
US6547821B1 (en) 1998-07-16 2003-04-15 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. Surgical procedures and devices for increasing cardiac output of the heart
US7060021B1 (en) 1998-07-23 2006-06-13 Wilk Patent Development Corporation Method and device for improving cardiac function
US5967990A (en) * 1998-08-13 1999-10-19 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Surgical probe comprising visible markings on an elastic membrane
US6251061B1 (en) 1998-09-09 2001-06-26 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Cardiac assist device using field controlled fluid
US6113536A (en) 1998-09-30 2000-09-05 A-Med Systems, Inc. Device and method of attaching a blood pump and tubes to a surgical retractor
DE19947885B4 (en) 1998-10-05 2009-04-09 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc., Cupertino Device for positioning the heart during cardiac surgery while maintaining cardiac output
US6360749B1 (en) 1998-10-09 2002-03-26 Swaminathan Jayaraman Modification of properties and geometry of heart tissue to influence heart function
IL142991A0 (en) 1998-11-04 2002-04-21 Cardio Tech Inc Ventricular assist device with pre-formed inflation bladder
IL142992A0 (en) 1998-11-04 2002-04-21 Cardio Tech Inc Cardiac assist system and method thereof
US6587734B2 (en) 1998-11-04 2003-07-01 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardio therapeutic heart sack
FR2785521B1 (en) 1998-11-10 2001-01-05 Sofradim Production SUSPENSION DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROLAPSUS AND URINARY INCONTINENCES
US6230714B1 (en) 1998-11-18 2001-05-15 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac constraint with prior venus occlusion methods
US6432039B1 (en) 1998-12-21 2002-08-13 Corset, Inc. Methods and apparatus for reinforcement of the heart ventricles
ATE379998T1 (en) 1999-01-26 2007-12-15 Edwards Lifesciences Corp FLEXIBLE HEART VALVE
WO2000042951A1 (en) 1999-01-26 2000-07-27 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Anatomical orifice sizers and methods of orifice sizing
US6155972A (en) 1999-02-02 2000-12-05 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac constraint jacket construction
US6701929B2 (en) 1999-03-03 2004-03-09 Hany Hussein Device and method for treatment of congestive heart failure
US6544181B1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2003-04-08 The General Hospital Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring volume flow and area for a dynamic orifice
FR2791883B1 (en) 1999-04-08 2001-08-10 Ethicon Inc FLEXIBLE PROSTHESIS IN PARTICULAR FOR CELIOSCOPIC HERNIA TREATMENT
US7563267B2 (en) 1999-04-09 2009-07-21 Evalve, Inc. Fixation device and methods for engaging tissue
US10327743B2 (en) * 1999-04-09 2019-06-25 Evalve, Inc. Device and methods for endoscopic annuloplasty
US6994669B1 (en) 1999-04-15 2006-02-07 Heartport, Inc. Apparatus and method for cardiac surgery
US6331157B2 (en) 1999-04-15 2001-12-18 Heartport, Inc. Apparatus and methods for off-pump cardiac surgery
US6231602B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2001-05-15 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Aortic annuloplasty ring
US6577902B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2003-06-10 Tony R. Brown Device for shaping infarcted heart tissue and method of using the device
US6709382B1 (en) * 1999-05-04 2004-03-23 Simon Marcus Horner Cardiac assist method and apparatus
US6260820B1 (en) 1999-05-21 2001-07-17 Nordstrom Valves, Inc. Valve with rotatable valve member and method for forming same
US7192442B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-03-20 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Method and device for treatment of mitral insufficiency
US6241654B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2001-06-05 Acorn Cardiovasculr, Inc. Cardiac reinforcement devices and methods
US7674222B2 (en) 1999-08-09 2010-03-09 Cardiokinetix, Inc. Cardiac device and methods of use thereof
US7264587B2 (en) 1999-08-10 2007-09-04 Origin Medsystems, Inc. Endoscopic subxiphoid surgical procedures
US6350281B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2002-02-26 Edwards Lifesciences Corp. Methods and apparatus for measuring valve annuluses during heart valve-replacement surgery
US6423051B1 (en) 1999-09-16 2002-07-23 Aaron V. Kaplan Methods and apparatus for pericardial access
WO2001021247A1 (en) 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Appriva Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for closing a body lumen
US6231561B1 (en) 1999-09-20 2001-05-15 Appriva Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for closing a body lumen
US7229469B1 (en) 1999-10-02 2007-06-12 Quantumcor, Inc. Methods for treating and repairing mitral valve annulus
US6312447B1 (en) 1999-10-13 2001-11-06 The General Hospital Corporation Devices and methods for percutaneous mitral valve repair
US6626930B1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2003-09-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Minimally invasive mitral valve repair method and apparatus
US20030093104A1 (en) 1999-10-29 2003-05-15 Bonner Matthew D. Methods and apparatus for providing intra-pericardial access
US8579966B2 (en) 1999-11-17 2013-11-12 Medtronic Corevalve Llc Prosthetic valve for transluminal delivery
US20010041914A1 (en) 1999-11-22 2001-11-15 Frazier Andrew G.C. Tissue patch deployment catheter
US6669708B1 (en) 1999-12-09 2003-12-30 Michael Nissenbaum Devices, systems and methods for creating sutureless on-demand vascular anastomoses and hollow organ communication channels
US6702732B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2004-03-09 Paracor Surgical, Inc. Expandable cardiac harness for treating congestive heart failure
US6409759B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2002-06-25 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Harvested tissue heart valve with sewing rim
WO2001054745A2 (en) 2000-01-25 2001-08-02 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Bioactive coatings to prevent tissue overgrowth on artificial heart valves
KR20020007347A (en) 2000-01-27 2002-01-26 하트포트 인코포레이티드 Apparatus and methods for cardiac surgery
US6769434B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2004-08-03 Viacor, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing a procedure on a cardiac valve
US7296577B2 (en) 2000-01-31 2007-11-20 Edwards Lifescience Ag Transluminal mitral annuloplasty with active anchoring
US20050070999A1 (en) 2000-02-02 2005-03-31 Spence Paul A. Heart valve repair apparatus and methods
US6406422B1 (en) 2000-03-02 2002-06-18 Levram Medical Devices, Ltd. Ventricular-assist method and apparatus
US6537198B1 (en) 2000-03-21 2003-03-25 Myocor, Inc. Splint assembly for improving cardiac function in hearts, and method for implanting the splint assembly
US6569198B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2003-05-27 Richard A. Wilson Mitral or tricuspid valve annuloplasty prosthetic device
US6454799B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-09-24 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Minimally-invasive heart valves and methods of use
ITPC20000013A1 (en) 2000-04-13 2000-07-13 Paolo Ferrazzi INTROVENTRICULAR DEVICE AND RELATED METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT AND CORRECTION OF MYOCARDIOPATHIES.
US7083628B2 (en) 2002-09-03 2006-08-01 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Single catheter mitral valve repair device and method for use
US6425856B1 (en) 2000-05-10 2002-07-30 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
EP1294305A2 (en) 2000-05-31 2003-03-26 Cardioclasp, Inc. Devices and methods for assisting natural heart function
US20050095268A1 (en) 2000-06-12 2005-05-05 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac wall tension relief with cell loss management
US6902522B1 (en) 2000-06-12 2005-06-07 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US6951534B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2005-10-04 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac support device
US6702826B2 (en) 2000-06-23 2004-03-09 Viacor, Inc. Automated annular plication for mitral valve repair
SE0002878D0 (en) 2000-08-11 2000-08-11 Kimblad Ola Device and method of treatment of atrioventricular regurgitation
US6572533B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2003-06-03 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US6887192B1 (en) 2000-09-08 2005-05-03 Converge Medical, Inc. Heart support to prevent ventricular remodeling
US20050228422A1 (en) 2002-11-26 2005-10-13 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of magnetic tools
US8956407B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2015-02-17 Mvrx, Inc. Methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus using a tensioning implant
US8784482B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2014-07-22 Mvrx, Inc. Method of reshaping a heart valve annulus using an intravascular device
WO2004030570A2 (en) 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices for retaining native heart valve leaflet
US7691144B2 (en) 2003-10-01 2010-04-06 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
WO2004030568A2 (en) 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Ample Medical, Inc. Device and method for repairing a native heart valve leaflet
US6808483B1 (en) 2000-10-03 2004-10-26 Paul A. Spence Implantable heart assist devices and methods
US6602288B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-08-05 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Minimally-invasive annuloplasty repair segment delivery template, system and method of use
US6723038B1 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-04-20 Myocor, Inc. Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US6616684B1 (en) 2000-10-06 2003-09-09 Myocor, Inc. Endovascular splinting devices and methods
US6918917B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2005-07-19 Medtronic, Inc. Minimally invasive annuloplasty procedure and apparatus
US7070618B2 (en) 2000-10-25 2006-07-04 Viacor, Inc. Mitral shield
US6616596B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2003-09-09 Abiomed, Inc. Cardiac assistance systems having multiple layers of inflatable elements
US6602182B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2003-08-05 Abiomed, Inc. Cardiac assistance systems having multiple fluid plenums
US6755779B2 (en) 2000-12-01 2004-06-29 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Apparatus and method for delivery of cardiac constraint jacket
US6564094B2 (en) 2000-12-22 2003-05-13 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US7591826B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2009-09-22 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device implantable in the coronary sinus to provide mitral valve therapy
US6786898B2 (en) 2003-01-15 2004-09-07 Medtronic, Inc. Methods and tools for accessing an anatomic space
US7510576B2 (en) 2001-01-30 2009-03-31 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Transluminal mitral annuloplasty
EP1355590B1 (en) 2001-01-30 2008-12-10 Edwards Lifesciences AG Medical system for remodeling an extravascular tissue structure
US6810882B2 (en) 2001-01-30 2004-11-02 Ev3 Santa Rosa, Inc. Transluminal mitral annuloplasty
AU2002240288B2 (en) 2001-02-05 2006-05-18 Viacor, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving mitral valve function
CA2437824C (en) 2001-02-05 2008-09-23 Viacor, Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing mitral regurgitation
DE10105807C1 (en) 2001-02-08 2002-05-08 Hatz Motoren Pivot lever for operation of internal combustion engine valve has mechanical valve play setting element using rotatable hollow cylinder with planar surfaces for operation of valve shaft
US6575921B2 (en) 2001-02-09 2003-06-10 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Device for heart measurement
AU2002327224A1 (en) 2001-03-05 2002-12-09 Viacor, Incorporated Apparatus and method for reducing mitral regurgitation
US6955689B2 (en) 2001-03-15 2005-10-18 Medtronic, Inc. Annuloplasty band and method
US6733525B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2004-05-11 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Rolled minimally-invasive heart valves and methods of use
CA2441886C (en) 2001-03-23 2009-07-21 Viacor, Incorporated Method and apparatus for reducing mitral regurgitation
US7186264B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2007-03-06 Viacor, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving mitral valve function
ATE397426T1 (en) 2001-03-29 2008-06-15 Viacor Inc DEVICE FOR IMPROVING MITRAL VALVE FUNCTION
US6622730B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2003-09-23 Myocor, Inc. Device for marking and aligning positions on the heart
US20050113811A1 (en) 2001-04-24 2005-05-26 Houser Russell A. Method and devices for treating ischemic congestive heart failure
US7311731B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-12-25 Richard C. Satterfield Prevention of myocardial infarction induced ventricular expansion and remodeling
US20020188170A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2002-12-12 Santamore William P. Prevention of myocardial infarction induced ventricular expansion and remodeling
US7327862B2 (en) 2001-04-30 2008-02-05 Chase Medical, L.P. System and method for facilitating cardiac intervention
US7526112B2 (en) 2001-04-30 2009-04-28 Chase Medical, L.P. System and method for facilitating cardiac intervention
US7935145B2 (en) 2001-05-17 2011-05-03 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Annuloplasty ring for ischemic mitral valve insuffuciency
US6626821B1 (en) 2001-05-22 2003-09-30 Abiomed, Inc. Flow-balanced cardiac wrap
US20040064014A1 (en) 2001-05-31 2004-04-01 Melvin David B. Devices and methods for assisting natural heart function
DE60106216T2 (en) 2001-06-11 2005-11-17 Sorin Biomedica Cardio S.P.A., Saluggia Annuloplasty prosthesis and manufacturing method therefor
WO2002102237A2 (en) 2001-06-15 2002-12-27 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Tissue engineered mitral valve chrodae and methods of making and using same
EP1412023A4 (en) 2001-07-16 2009-12-02 Corassist Cardiovascular Ltd In-vivo method and device for improving diastolic function of the left ventricle
US6726716B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2004-04-27 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Self-molding annuloplasty ring
WO2003022131A2 (en) 2001-09-07 2003-03-20 Mardil, Inc. Method and apparatus for external heart stabilization
WO2003022176A2 (en) 2001-09-10 2003-03-20 Paracor Medical, Inc. Cardiac harness
US7144363B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2006-12-05 Extensia Medical, Inc. Systems for heart treatment
GB0125925D0 (en) 2001-10-29 2001-12-19 Univ Glasgow Mitral valve prosthesis
US6949122B2 (en) 2001-11-01 2005-09-27 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Focused compression mitral valve device and method
US6824562B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2004-11-30 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Body lumen device anchor, device and assembly
US7311729B2 (en) 2002-01-30 2007-12-25 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US6805710B2 (en) 2001-11-13 2004-10-19 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Mitral valve annuloplasty ring for molding left ventricle geometry
US6976995B2 (en) 2002-01-30 2005-12-20 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Fixed length anchor and pull mitral valve device and method
US6908478B2 (en) 2001-12-05 2005-06-21 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Anchor and pull mitral valve device and method
US6793673B2 (en) 2002-12-26 2004-09-21 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. System and method to effect mitral valve annulus of a heart
US6978176B2 (en) 2001-12-08 2005-12-20 Lattouf Omar M Treatment for patient with congestive heart failure
DE10161543B4 (en) 2001-12-11 2004-02-19 REITAN, Öyvind Implant for the treatment of heart valve insufficiency
US6740107B2 (en) 2001-12-19 2004-05-25 Trimedyne, Inc. Device for treatment of atrioventricular valve regurgitation
US20030120340A1 (en) 2001-12-26 2003-06-26 Jan Liska Mitral and tricuspid valve repair
AU2002360066B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2008-11-06 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Delayed memory device
US20050209690A1 (en) 2002-01-30 2005-09-22 Mathis Mark L Body lumen shaping device with cardiac leads
US6960229B2 (en) 2002-01-30 2005-11-01 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
AU2002243789A1 (en) 2002-02-04 2003-09-02 Aaron V. Kaplan Methods and apparatus for pericardial access
US7125420B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2006-10-24 Viacor, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving mitral valve function
US7004958B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2006-02-28 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Transvenous staples, assembly and method for mitral valve repair
US6797001B2 (en) 2002-03-11 2004-09-28 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device, assembly and method for mitral valve repair
US20030199974A1 (en) 2002-04-18 2003-10-23 Coalescent Surgical, Inc. Annuloplasty apparatus and methods
EP2039325A1 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-03-25 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device for modifying the shape of a body organ
US20030229260A1 (en) 2002-06-05 2003-12-11 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac support device with tension indicator
US20030229261A1 (en) 2002-06-06 2003-12-11 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac support devices and methods of producing same
US20030233022A1 (en) 2002-06-12 2003-12-18 Vidlund Robert M. Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7758637B2 (en) 2003-02-06 2010-07-20 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
AU2003245507A1 (en) 2002-06-13 2003-12-31 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US20040243227A1 (en) 2002-06-13 2004-12-02 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US7753924B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2010-07-13 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US20050216078A1 (en) 2002-06-13 2005-09-29 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US7753922B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2010-07-13 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for cardiac annulus stabilization and treatment
US8287555B2 (en) 2003-02-06 2012-10-16 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US7608103B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2009-10-27 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Mitral valve annuloplasty ring having a posterior bow
US20040059180A1 (en) 2002-09-23 2004-03-25 The University Of Cincinnati Basal mounting cushion frame component to facilitate extrinsic heart wall actuation
US8172856B2 (en) 2002-08-02 2012-05-08 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Methods and apparatus for atrioventricular valve repair
EP1534146B1 (en) 2002-08-13 2008-01-23 The General Hospital Corporation Cardiac devices for percutaneous repair of atrioventricular valves
EP1562522B1 (en) 2002-10-01 2008-12-31 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices and systems for reshaping a heart valve annulus
AU2003279210A1 (en) 2002-10-08 2004-05-04 Chase Medical, L.P. Devices and methods for mitral valve annulus reformation
US7591847B2 (en) 2002-10-10 2009-09-22 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Stentless bioprosthetic valve having chordae for replacing a mitral valve
US20040133062A1 (en) 2002-10-11 2004-07-08 Suresh Pai Minimally invasive cardiac force transfer structures
BR0315392A (en) 2002-10-21 2005-08-23 Mitralign Inc Incrementing catheters and methods of performing annuloplasty
US7247134B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2007-07-24 Myocor, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
AU2003290979A1 (en) 2002-11-15 2004-06-15 The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Health And Human Services Method and device for catheter-based repair of cardiac valves
US20040098116A1 (en) 2002-11-15 2004-05-20 Callas Peter L. Valve annulus constriction apparatus and method
US7837729B2 (en) 2002-12-05 2010-11-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty delivery system
US7316708B2 (en) 2002-12-05 2008-01-08 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Medical device delivery system
US20040133240A1 (en) 2003-01-07 2004-07-08 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Electrotherapy system, device, and method for treatment of cardiac valve dysfunction
US6830585B1 (en) 2003-01-14 2004-12-14 3F Therapeutics, Inc. Percutaneously deliverable heart valve and methods of implantation
US6997950B2 (en) 2003-01-16 2006-02-14 Chawla Surendra K Valve repair device
US20040158321A1 (en) 2003-02-12 2004-08-12 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Method of implanting a mitral valve therapy device
US20040254600A1 (en) 2003-02-26 2004-12-16 David Zarbatany Methods and devices for endovascular mitral valve correction from the left coronary sinus
US7381210B2 (en) 2003-03-14 2008-06-03 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Mitral valve repair system and method for use
EP1608297A2 (en) 2003-03-18 2005-12-28 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Body tissue remodeling apparatus
US7530995B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2009-05-12 3F Therapeutics, Inc. Device for reduction of pressure effects of cardiac tricuspid valve regurgitation
US7159593B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2007-01-09 3F Therapeutics, Inc. Methods for reduction of pressure effects of cardiac tricuspid valve regurgitation
US7175656B2 (en) 2003-04-18 2007-02-13 Alexander Khairkhahan Percutaneous transcatheter heart valve replacement
US6945996B2 (en) 2003-04-18 2005-09-20 Sedransk Kyra L Replacement mitral valve
US20040210240A1 (en) 2003-04-21 2004-10-21 Sean Saint Method and repair device for treating mitral valve insufficiency
US20040220593A1 (en) 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Secant Medical, Llc Restraining clip for mitral valve repair
US7316706B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2008-01-08 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Tensioning device, system, and method for treating mitral valve regurgitation
EP1646332B1 (en) 2003-07-18 2015-06-17 Edwards Lifesciences AG Remotely activated mitral annuloplasty system
AU2004258950B2 (en) 2003-07-23 2010-11-04 Viacor, Inc. Method and apparatus for improving mitral valve function
US7235042B2 (en) 2003-09-16 2007-06-26 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying cardiac support device
US10219899B2 (en) 2004-04-23 2019-03-05 Medtronic 3F Therapeutics, Inc. Cardiac valve replacement systems
WO2005055811A2 (en) 2003-12-02 2005-06-23 Fidel Realyvasquez Methods and apparatus for mitral valve repair
US20050177228A1 (en) 2003-12-16 2005-08-11 Solem Jan O. Device for changing the shape of the mitral annulus
US20050137449A1 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Tissue shaping device with self-expanding anchors
US20050137450A1 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc., A Washington Corporation Tapered connector for tissue shaping device
US7837728B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2010-11-23 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Reduced length tissue shaping device
US7794496B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2010-09-14 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Tissue shaping device with integral connector and crimp
US7431726B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2008-10-07 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue fastening systems and methods utilizing magnetic guidance
US20050159810A1 (en) 2004-01-15 2005-07-21 Farzan Filsoufi Devices and methods for repairing cardiac valves
US7297104B2 (en) 2004-03-01 2007-11-20 John Vanden Hoek Seam closure device and methods
US20050197527A1 (en) 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 Bolling Steven F. Adjustable heart constraining apparatus and method therefore
US7993397B2 (en) 2004-04-05 2011-08-09 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Remotely adjustable coronary sinus implant
US7294148B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2007-11-13 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Annuloplasty ring for mitral valve prolapse
US7938856B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2011-05-10 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Heart valve annuloplasty prosthesis sewing cuffs and methods of making same
US20050256568A1 (en) 2004-05-14 2005-11-17 St. Jude Medical, Inc. C-shaped heart valve prostheses
US7452376B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2008-11-18 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Flexible, non-planar annuloplasty rings
US20050278022A1 (en) 2004-06-14 2005-12-15 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Annuloplasty prostheses with improved anchoring structures, and related methods
US7276078B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2007-10-02 Edwards Lifesciences Pvt Paravalvular leak detection, sealing, and prevention
JP4926980B2 (en) 2005-01-20 2012-05-09 カーディアック ディメンションズ インコーポレイテッド Tissue shaping device
WO2006105009A1 (en) 2005-03-25 2006-10-05 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus

Patent Citations (99)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3019790A (en) * 1960-07-15 1962-02-06 Robert J Militana Combination hemostat and intravenous needle
US4372293A (en) * 1980-12-24 1983-02-08 Vijil Rosales Cesar A Apparatus and method for surgical correction of ptotic breasts
US4991578A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-02-12 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Method and system for implanting self-anchoring epicardial defibrillation electrodes
US5389096A (en) * 1990-12-18 1995-02-14 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems System and method for percutaneous myocardial revascularization
US5383840A (en) * 1992-07-28 1995-01-24 Vascor, Inc. Biocompatible ventricular assist and arrhythmia control device including cardiac compression band-stay-pad assembly
US5718725A (en) * 1992-12-03 1998-02-17 Heartport, Inc. Devices and methods for intracardiac procedures
US5284488A (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-02-08 Sideris Eleftherios B Adjustable devices for the occlusion of cardiac defects
US5855614A (en) * 1993-02-22 1999-01-05 Heartport, Inc. Method and apparatus for thoracoscopic intracardiac procedures
US5385528A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-01-31 Wilk; Peter J. Intrapericardial assist device and associated method
US5593424A (en) * 1994-08-10 1997-01-14 Segmed, Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing and stabilizing the circumference of a vascular structure
US5865791A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-02-02 E.P. Technologies Inc. Atrial appendage stasis reduction procedure and devices
US5713954A (en) * 1995-06-13 1998-02-03 Abiomed R&D, Inc. Extra cardiac ventricular assist device
US6508756B1 (en) * 1995-06-13 2003-01-21 Abiomed, Inc. Passive cardiac assistance device
US20040024286A1 (en) * 1996-01-02 2004-02-05 The University Of Cincinnati Heart wall actuation device for the natural heart
US6520904B1 (en) * 1996-01-02 2003-02-18 The University Of Cincinnati Device and method for restructuring heart chamber geometry
US20020022880A1 (en) * 1996-01-02 2002-02-21 Melvin David B. Device and method for restructuring heart chamber geometry
US20020007216A1 (en) * 1996-01-02 2002-01-17 Melvin David Boyd Heart wall actuation device for the natural heart
US6182664B1 (en) * 1996-02-19 2001-02-06 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery procedure
US6024756A (en) * 1996-03-22 2000-02-15 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Method of reversibly closing a septal defect
US5855601A (en) * 1996-06-21 1999-01-05 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Artificial heart valve and method and device for implanting the same
US7163507B2 (en) * 1996-10-02 2007-01-16 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac reinforcement device
US7166071B2 (en) * 1996-10-02 2007-01-23 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac reinforcement device
US20070004962A1 (en) * 1996-10-02 2007-01-04 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac support device with differential compliance
US6685646B2 (en) * 1996-11-01 2004-02-03 Jomed Inc. Measurement of volumetric fluid flow and its velocity profile
US20060009842A1 (en) * 1997-03-27 2006-01-12 Huynh Van L Contoured heart valve suture rings
US20040002719A1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2004-01-01 Oz Mehmet C. Method and apparatus for circulatory valve repair
US6338712B2 (en) * 1997-09-17 2002-01-15 Origin Medsystems, Inc. Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery
US6019722A (en) * 1997-09-17 2000-02-01 Guidant Corporation Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery
US6174332B1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2001-01-16 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Annuloplasty ring with cut zone
US6190408B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2001-02-20 The University Of Cincinnati Device and method for restructuring the heart chamber geometry
US20020026092A1 (en) * 1998-05-01 2002-02-28 Buckberg Gerald D. Ventricular restoration patch
US6024096A (en) * 1998-05-01 2000-02-15 Correstore Inc Anterior segment ventricular restoration apparatus and method
US6511426B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2003-01-28 Acuson Corporation Medical diagnostic ultrasound system and method for versatile processing
US20030028077A1 (en) * 1998-07-13 2003-02-06 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US6695866B1 (en) * 1998-07-15 2004-02-24 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Mitral and tricuspid valve repair
US20030032979A1 (en) * 1998-07-29 2003-02-13 Myocor, Inc. Transventricular implant tools and devices
US6183411B1 (en) * 1998-09-21 2001-02-06 Myocor, Inc. External stress reduction device and method
US6685627B2 (en) * 1998-10-09 2004-02-03 Swaminathan Jayaraman Modification of properties and geometry of heart tissue to influence heart function
US6169922B1 (en) * 1998-11-18 2001-01-02 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Defibrillating cardiac jacket with interwoven electrode grids
US6695768B1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2004-02-24 Robert A. Levine Adjustable periventricular ring/ring like device/method for control of ischemic mitral regurgitation and congestive heart disease
US20020013571A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2002-01-31 Evalve, Inc. Methods and devices for capturing and fixing leaflets in valve repair
US20050033446A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2005-02-10 Evalve, Inc. A California Corporation Methods and apparatus for cardiac valve repair
US20050021056A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2005-01-27 Evalve, Inc. Leaflet structuring
US20040003819A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2004-01-08 Evalve, Inc. Methods and apparatus for cardiac valve repair
US20050021057A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2005-01-27 Evalve, Inc. Leaflet structuring
US20040039442A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2004-02-26 Evalve, Inc. Methods and apparatus for cardiac valve repair
US20040030382A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2004-02-12 Evalve, Inc. Methods and apparatus for cardiac valve repair
US6183512B1 (en) * 1999-04-16 2001-02-06 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Flexible annuloplasty system
US20050043792A1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2005-02-24 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Device and method for treatment of mitral insufficiency
US20040039443A1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2004-02-26 Solem Jan Otto Method and device for treatment of mitral insufficiency
US20030009081A1 (en) * 1999-07-08 2003-01-09 Chase Medical, Lp Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery
US6174279B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-01-16 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac constraint with tension indicator
US6179791B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-01-30 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Device for heart measurement
US6193648B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2001-02-27 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac constraint with draw string tensioning
US6689048B2 (en) * 2000-01-14 2004-02-10 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Delivery of cardiac constraint jacket
US20030004396A1 (en) * 2000-01-14 2003-01-02 Acon Cardiovascular, Inc. Delivery of cardiac constraint jacket
US6989028B2 (en) * 2000-01-31 2006-01-24 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Medical system and method for remodeling an extravascular tissue structure
US20020016628A1 (en) * 2000-01-31 2002-02-07 Langberg Jonathan J. Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty with hemodynamic monitoring
US7166126B2 (en) * 2000-02-02 2007-01-23 Paul A. Spence Heart valve repair apparatus and methods
US20020019580A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-02-14 Lilip Lau Expandable cardiac harness for treating congestive heart failure
US6682474B2 (en) * 2000-03-10 2004-01-27 Paracor Surgical, Inc. Expandable cardiac harness for treating congestive heart failure
US20030023132A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-01-30 Melvin David B. Cyclic device for restructuring heart chamber geometry
US20050004428A1 (en) * 2000-06-12 2005-01-06 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US6682476B2 (en) * 2000-06-13 2004-01-27 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Cardiac disease treatment and device
US6343605B1 (en) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-05 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Percutaneous transluminal myocardial implantation device and method
US6846296B1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2005-01-25 Abiomed, Inc. Apparatus and method for detachably securing a device to a natural heart
US20060004443A1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2006-01-05 Liddicoat John R Automated annular plication for mitral valve repair
US6673009B1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2004-01-06 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Adjustment clamp
US6681773B2 (en) * 2001-02-28 2004-01-27 Chase Medical, Inc. Kit and method for use during ventricular restoration
US20050021135A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2005-01-27 Ryan Timothy R. Annuloplasty band and method
US20040019378A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2004-01-29 Hlavka Edwin J. Method and apparatus for performing catheter-based annuloplasty
US20050027351A1 (en) * 2001-05-14 2005-02-03 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. A Washington Corporation Mitral valve regurgitation treatment device and method
US20050027353A1 (en) * 2001-05-14 2005-02-03 Alferness Clifton A. Mitral valve therapy device, system and method
US20050038507A1 (en) * 2001-05-14 2005-02-17 Alferness Clifton A. Mitral valve therapy device, system and method
US6676702B2 (en) * 2001-05-14 2004-01-13 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Mitral valve therapy assembly and method
US20050033419A1 (en) * 2001-05-14 2005-02-10 Alferness Clifton A. Mitral valve therapy device, system and method
US20050004666A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2005-01-06 Ottavio Alfieri Annular prosthesis for mitral valve
US6685620B2 (en) * 2001-09-25 2004-02-03 The Foundry Inc. Ventricular infarct assist device and methods for using it
US20050021121A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2005-01-27 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc., A Delaware Corporation Adjustable height focal tissue deflector
US20040010305A1 (en) * 2001-12-05 2004-01-15 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US20060041306A1 (en) * 2002-01-09 2006-02-23 Myocor, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US20040019377A1 (en) * 2002-01-14 2004-01-29 Taylor Daniel C. Method and apparatus for reducing mitral regurgitation
US20050027369A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2005-02-03 Eldridge Stephen N. Prosthetic repair fabric with erosion resistant edge
US6682475B2 (en) * 2002-06-11 2004-01-27 Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc. Tension indicator for cardiac support device and method therefore
US6858039B2 (en) * 2002-07-08 2005-02-22 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Mitral valve annuloplasty ring having a posterior bow
US20040015039A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 The University Of Cincinnati Modular power system and method for a heart wall actuation system for the natural heart
US20040015041A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-01-22 The University Of Cincinnati Protective sheath apparatus and method for use with a heart wall actuation system for the natural heart
US20040015040A1 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-01-22 The University Of Cincinnati Flexible, torsionable cardiac framework for heart wall actuation of the natural heart
US20040034271A1 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-02-19 The University Of Cincinnati Heart wall actuation system for the natural heart with shape limiting elements
US20060030885A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2006-02-09 Hyde Gregory M Apparatuses and methods for heart valve repair
US20060036317A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2006-02-16 Myocor, Inc. Decives and methods for heart valve treatment
US20050038506A1 (en) * 2002-11-15 2005-02-17 Webler William E. Apparatuses and methods for heart valve repair
US20050010240A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2005-01-13 Cardiac Dimensions Inc., A Washington Corporation Device and method for modifying the shape of a body organ
US20050004667A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2005-01-06 Cardiac Dimensions, Inc. A Delaware Corporation Device, system and method to affect the mitral valve annulus of a heart
US20050004665A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-06 Lishan Aklog Annuloplasty rings and methods for repairing cardiac valves
US20050004668A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-06 Flexcor, Inc. Annuloplasty rings and methods for repairing cardiac valves
US20050010283A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 Vedic Biotechnology, Inc. Heart failure mitral annuloplasty ring with multiple sets of suture placement indicia
US20050010286A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 Vedic Biotechnology, Inc. Heart failure mitral annuloplasty ring with removable central posterior portion
US20050038509A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2005-02-17 Ashe Kassem Ali Valve prosthesis including a prosthetic leaflet

Cited By (332)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7883539B2 (en) 1997-01-02 2011-02-08 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Heart wall tension reduction apparatus and method
US8267852B2 (en) 1997-01-02 2012-09-18 Edwards Lifesciences, Llc Heart wall tension reduction apparatus and method
US8460173B2 (en) 1997-01-02 2013-06-11 Edwards Lifesciences, Llc Heart wall tension reduction apparatus and method
US8226711B2 (en) 1997-12-17 2012-07-24 Edwards Lifesciences, Llc Valve to myocardium tension members device and method
US20090264994A1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2009-10-22 Hansen Medical, Inc. Apparatus and methods for treating tissue
US8523883B2 (en) 1999-06-25 2013-09-03 Hansen Medical, Inc. Apparatus and methods for treating tissue
US8333204B2 (en) 1999-06-25 2012-12-18 Hansen Medical, Inc. Apparatus and methods for treating tissue
US20070208357A1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2007-09-06 Houser Russell A Apparatus and methods for treating tissue
US20150182337A1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2015-07-02 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, Systems, and Methods for Reshaping a Heart Valve Annulus
US8979925B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2015-03-17 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US20050055089A1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2005-03-10 Ample Medical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US9498331B2 (en) * 2000-09-20 2016-11-22 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US8956407B2 (en) 2000-09-20 2015-02-17 Mvrx, Inc. Methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus using a tensioning implant
US7766812B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2010-08-03 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US9198757B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2015-12-01 Edwards Lifesciences, Llc Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US7776053B2 (en) 2000-10-26 2010-08-17 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Implantable valve system
US9358112B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2016-06-07 Mitralign, Inc. Method and apparatus for catheter-based annuloplasty using local plications
US9289298B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2016-03-22 Mardil, Inc. Method and apparatus for external stabilization of the heart
US8715160B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2014-05-06 Mardil, Inc. Method and apparatus for external stabilization of the heart
US8092367B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2012-01-10 Mardil, Inc. Method for external stabilization of the base of the heart
US10292821B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2019-05-21 Phoenix Cardiac Devices, Inc. Method and apparatus for external stabilization of the heart
US8128553B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2012-03-06 Mardil, Inc. Method and apparatus for external stabilization of the heart
US20040267329A1 (en) * 2001-09-07 2004-12-30 Mardil, Inc. Method and apparatus for external heart stabilization
US8070805B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2011-12-06 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US8506624B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2013-08-13 Edwards Lifesciences, Llc Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7678145B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2010-03-16 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7682385B2 (en) 2002-04-03 2010-03-23 Boston Scientific Corporation Artificial valve
US10092402B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2018-10-09 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US8287557B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2012-10-16 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Methods and devices for termination
US10624741B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2020-04-21 Ancora Heart, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US20080045977A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2008-02-21 John To Methods and devices for termination
US20080234728A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2008-09-25 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US8641727B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2014-02-04 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US20040243227A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2004-12-02 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US9636107B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2017-05-02 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US10898328B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2021-01-26 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US9072513B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2015-07-07 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Methods and devices for termination
US9949829B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2018-04-24 Ancora Heart, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US9226825B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2016-01-05 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US9468528B2 (en) 2002-06-13 2016-10-18 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Devices and methods for heart valve repair
US8979923B2 (en) 2002-10-21 2015-03-17 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue fastening systems and methods utilizing magnetic guidance
US10028833B2 (en) 2002-10-21 2018-07-24 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue fastening systems and methods utilizing magnetic guidance
US20050184122A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2005-08-25 Mitralign, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing catheter-based annuloplasty using local plications
US8460371B2 (en) 2002-10-21 2013-06-11 Mitralign, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing catheter-based annuloplasty using local plications
US7666224B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2010-02-23 Edwards Lifesciences Llc Devices and methods for heart valve treatment
US7780627B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2010-08-24 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve treatment catheter and methods
US7316706B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2008-01-08 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Tensioning device, system, and method for treating mitral valve regurgitation
US20040260317A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-23 Elliot Bloom Tensioning device, system, and method for treating mitral valve regurgitation
US8343173B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2013-01-01 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Delivery devices and methods for heart valve repair
US10219905B2 (en) 2003-10-01 2019-03-05 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US20100161044A1 (en) * 2003-10-01 2010-06-24 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US8721717B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2014-05-13 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US9301843B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2016-04-05 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US7854761B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2010-12-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Methods for venous valve replacement with a catheter
US10869764B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2020-12-22 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US8128681B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2012-03-06 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US20080275503A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2008-11-06 Mitralign, Inc. Method of heart valve repair
US8864822B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2014-10-21 Mitralign, Inc. Devices and methods for introducing elements into tissue
US8142493B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2012-03-27 Mitralign, Inc. Method of heart valve repair
US8926603B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2015-01-06 Hansen Medical, Inc. System and method for denaturing and fixing collagenous tissue
US7976539B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2011-07-12 Hansen Medical, Inc. System and method for denaturing and fixing collagenous tissue
US20110295059A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2011-12-01 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
US9597184B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2017-03-21 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
US9179896B2 (en) * 2004-05-14 2015-11-10 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
US8932349B2 (en) 2004-09-02 2015-01-13 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Cardiac valve, system, and method
US9918834B2 (en) 2004-09-02 2018-03-20 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Cardiac valve, system and method
US8002824B2 (en) 2004-09-02 2011-08-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Cardiac valve, system, and method
US11273040B2 (en) 2004-10-13 2022-03-15 Bioventrix, Inc. Method and device for percutaneous left ventricular reconstruction
US10398557B2 (en) 2004-10-13 2019-09-03 Bioventrix, Inc. Method and device for percutaneous left ventricular reconstruction
US9526618B2 (en) 2004-10-13 2016-12-27 Bioventrix, Inc. Method and device for percutaneous left ventricular reconstruction
US20060089711A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-04-27 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Multifilament anchor for reducing a compass of a lumen or structure in mammalian body
US20060135966A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-06-22 Laurent Schaller Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US20060106403A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Laurent Schaller Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US7452325B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2008-11-18 Benvenue Medical Inc. Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US8391996B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2013-03-05 Benvenue Medical, Inc. Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US7374530B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2008-05-20 Benvenue Medical Inc. Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US20060135968A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-06-22 Laurent Schaller Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US20060135970A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-06-22 Laurent Schaller Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US20090149949A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2009-06-11 Mednua Limited Medical device suitable for use in treatment of a valve
US20060178700A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-08-10 Martin Quinn Medical device suitable for use in treatment of a valve
US20110224784A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2011-09-15 Mednua Limited Medical device suitable for use in treatment of a valve
US20090076600A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2009-03-19 Mednua Limited Medical device suitable for use in treatment of a valve
US20100174297A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2010-07-08 Giovanni Speziali Thorascopic Heart Valve Repair Method and Apparatus
US8465500B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2013-06-18 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Thorascopic heart valve repair method and apparatus
US11534156B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2022-12-27 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Thorascopic heart valve repair method and apparatus
US9364213B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2016-06-14 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Thorascopic heart valve repair method
US8968338B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2015-03-03 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Thorascopic heart valve repair method and apparatus
US9700300B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2017-07-11 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Thorascopic heart valve repair apparatus
US10582924B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2020-03-10 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Thorascopic heart valve repair method
US9622859B2 (en) 2005-02-01 2017-04-18 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Filter system and method
US7854755B2 (en) 2005-02-01 2010-12-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Vascular catheter, system, and method
US7878966B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2011-02-01 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Ventricular assist and support device
US7670368B2 (en) 2005-02-07 2010-03-02 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US7780722B2 (en) 2005-02-07 2010-08-24 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve apparatus, system, and method
US9808341B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2017-11-07 Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. Valve apparatus, system and method
US9370419B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2016-06-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve apparatus, system and method
US8007428B2 (en) 2005-03-02 2011-08-30 Venkataramana Vijay Cardiac ventricular geometry restoration device and treatment for heart failure
US20060293739A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-12-28 Venkataramana Vijay Cardiac Ventricular Geometry Restoration Device and Treatment for Heart Failure
US7320665B2 (en) * 2005-03-02 2008-01-22 Venkataramana Vijay Cardiac Ventricular Geometry Restoration Device and Treatment for Heart Failure
US20080177130A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2008-07-24 Venkataramana Vijay Cardiac Ventricular Geometry Restoration Device and Treatment for Heart Failure
US20060199995A1 (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-07 Venkataramana Vijay Percutaneous cardiac ventricular geometry restoration device and treatment for heart failure
US10219902B2 (en) 2005-03-25 2019-03-05 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve anulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
US10398437B2 (en) 2005-03-25 2019-09-03 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of magnetic tools
US8512399B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2013-08-20 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve apparatus, system and method
US9861473B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2018-01-09 Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. Valve apparatus, system and method
US7722666B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2010-05-25 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve apparatus, system and method
US20140309732A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2014-10-16 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Blood flow controlling apparatus
US9498330B2 (en) * 2005-04-21 2016-11-22 Edwards Lifesciences Ag Blood flow controlling apparatus
US9107658B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2015-08-18 Benvenue Medical, Inc. Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US8333777B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2012-12-18 Benvenue Medical, Inc. Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US10966696B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2021-04-06 Laurent Schaller Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US20130103055A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2013-04-25 Benvenue Medical, Inc. Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US10912546B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2021-02-09 Laurent Schaller Catheter-based tissue remodeling devices and methods
US8012198B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2011-09-06 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method
US9028542B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2015-05-12 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method
US11337812B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2022-05-24 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system and method
US10695046B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2020-06-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Tissue anchor and anchoring system
US8951285B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2015-02-10 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue anchor, anchoring system and methods of using the same
US8951286B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2015-02-10 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue anchor and anchoring system
US9814454B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2017-11-14 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue anchor and anchoring system
US9259218B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2016-02-16 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue anchor and anchoring system
US20070025009A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Magnetic recorder
US20070055206A1 (en) * 2005-08-10 2007-03-08 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Methods and devices for deployment of tissue anchors
US10478305B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2019-11-19 Bioventrix, Inc. Steerable lesion excluding heart implants for congestive heart failure
US10335279B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2019-07-02 Bioventrix, Inc. Method and device for treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US9744040B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2017-08-29 Bioventrix, Inc. Steerable lesion excluding heart implants for congestive heart failure
US9402722B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2016-08-02 Bioventrix, Inc. Steerable lesion excluding heart implants for congestive heart failure
US11259929B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2022-03-01 Bioventrix, Inc. Method and device for treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US11331190B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2022-05-17 Bioventrix, Inc. Steerable lesion excluding heart implants for congestive heart failure
US20070066863A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-22 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Device for treating mitral valve regurgitation
US8672997B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2014-03-18 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve with sinus
US7951189B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2011-05-31 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method with sinus pocket
US8460365B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2013-06-11 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method with sinus pocket
US9474609B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2016-10-25 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method with sinus pocket
US10548734B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2020-02-04 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Venous valve, system, and method with sinus pocket
US20070118213A1 (en) * 2005-11-23 2007-05-24 Didier Loulmet Methods, devices, and kits for treating mitral valve prolapse
US8545551B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2013-10-01 Hansen Medical, Inc. Methods, devices, and kits for treating mitral valve prolapse
US20100049311A1 (en) * 2005-11-23 2010-02-25 Didier Loulmet Methods, devices, and kits for treating mitral valve prolapse
US7632308B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2009-12-15 Didier Loulmet Methods, devices, and kits for treating mitral valve prolapse
US8540666B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2013-09-24 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Echogenic occlusive balloon and delivery system
US20070142770A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Echogenic occlusive balloon and delivery system
US7799038B2 (en) 2006-01-20 2010-09-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Translumenal apparatus, system, and method
US20070203391A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. System for Treating Mitral Valve Regurgitation
US10806580B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2020-10-20 Mardil, Inc. Self-adjusting attachment structure for a cardiac support device
US9737403B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2017-08-22 Mardil, Inc. Self-adjusting attachment structure for a cardiac support device
US20070265658A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-15 Aga Medical Corporation Anchoring and tethering system
WO2008012839A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-31 Carlo Antona Kit for performing subcommissuroplasty during aortic valve reconstruction
US9913719B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2018-03-13 Bioventrix, Inc. Location, time, and/or pressure determining devices, systems, and methods for deployment of lesion-excluding heart implants for treatment of cardiac heart failure and other disease states
US8694077B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2014-04-08 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US9498584B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2016-11-22 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US9498585B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2016-11-22 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US8019404B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2011-09-13 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US9492623B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2016-11-15 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US20080249397A1 (en) * 2006-10-06 2008-10-09 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for targeting a body tissue
US8388680B2 (en) 2006-10-18 2013-03-05 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Methods and devices for catheter advancement and delivery of substances therethrough
US20080172035A1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-07-17 Starksen Niel F Methods and devices for catheter advancement and delivery of substances therethrough
WO2008081450A3 (en) * 2007-01-03 2008-08-21 Medical Res Fund At The Tel Av Device and method for remodeling a heart valve
WO2008081450A2 (en) * 2007-01-03 2008-07-10 Medical Research Fund At The Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Device and method for remodeling a heart valve
US8348999B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2013-01-08 California Institute Of Technology In-situ formation of a valve
US8133270B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2012-03-13 California Institute Of Technology In-situ formation of a valve
US10226344B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2019-03-12 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous valve, system and method
US7967853B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2011-06-28 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous valve, system and method
US11504239B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2022-11-22 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous valve, system and method
US9421083B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2016-08-23 Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. Percutaneous valve, system and method
US8470023B2 (en) 2007-02-05 2013-06-25 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Percutaneous valve, system, and method
US20080228266A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Mitralign, Inc. Plication assistance devices and methods
US9358111B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2016-06-07 Mitralign, Inc. Tissue anchors, systems and methods, and devices
US8845723B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2014-09-30 Mitralign, Inc. Systems and methods for introducing elements into tissue
US9750608B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2017-09-05 Mitralign, Inc. Systems and methods for introducing elements into tissue
US11660190B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2023-05-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Tissue anchors, systems and methods, and devices
US8911461B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2014-12-16 Mitralign, Inc. Suture cutter and method of cutting suture
US10617525B2 (en) 2007-05-21 2020-04-14 Bioventrix, Inc. Location, time, and/or pressure determining devices, systems, and methods for deployment of lesion-excluding heart implants for treatment of cardiac heart failure and other disease states
US11419723B2 (en) 2007-05-21 2022-08-23 Bioventrix, Inc. Location, time, and/or pressure determining devices, systems, and methods for deployment of lesion-excluding heart implants for treatment of cardiac heart failure and other disease states
US8828079B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2014-09-09 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Circulatory valve, system and method
US20090053980A1 (en) * 2007-08-23 2009-02-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Optimized CMP Conditioner Design for Next Generation Oxide/Metal CMP
US8092363B2 (en) 2007-09-05 2012-01-10 Mardil, Inc. Heart band with fillable chambers to modify heart valve function
USRE46927E1 (en) 2007-09-05 2018-07-03 Mardil, Inc. Heart band with fillable chambers to modify heart valve function
US10172621B2 (en) 2007-09-21 2019-01-08 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of magnetic tools
US9486206B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2016-11-08 Bioventrix, Inc. Treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US11399942B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2022-08-02 Bioventrix, Inc. Treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US10624744B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2020-04-21 Bioventrix, Inc. Treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US9889008B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2018-02-13 Bioventrix, Inc. Treating dysfunctional cardiac tissue
US20090093889A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. System and method for forming a stent of a desired length at an endoluminal site
US7691125B2 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-04-06 Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. System and method for forming a stent of a desired length at an endoluminal site
US10507018B2 (en) 2007-10-18 2019-12-17 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive repair of a valve leaflet in a beating heart
US8758393B2 (en) 2007-10-18 2014-06-24 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive repair of a valve leaflet in a beating heart
US9192374B2 (en) 2007-10-18 2015-11-24 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive repair of a valve leaflet in a beating heart
US11419602B2 (en) 2007-10-18 2022-08-23 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive repair of a valve leaflet in a beating heart
US20090105729A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 John Zentgraf Minimally invasive repair of a valve leaflet in a beating heart
US20090234318A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2009-09-17 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for cardiac remodeling
US9125632B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2015-09-08 Guided Delivery Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for cardiac remodeling
US8414641B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2013-04-09 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve with delayed leaflet deployment
US8137394B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2012-03-20 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve with delayed leaflet deployment
US7892276B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2011-02-22 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Valve with delayed leaflet deployment
US10542987B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2020-01-28 Ancora Heart, Inc. Multi-window guide tunnel
US9706996B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2017-07-18 Ancora Heart, Inc. Multi-window guide tunnel
US8790367B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2014-07-29 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Multi-window guide tunnel
US9603709B2 (en) 2008-03-10 2017-03-28 Mitralign, Inc. Method to reduce mitral regurgitation by cinching the commissure of the mitral valve
US10543091B2 (en) 2008-03-10 2020-01-28 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method to reduce mitral regurgitation by cinching the commissure of the mitral valve
US9370424B2 (en) 2008-03-10 2016-06-21 Mitralign, Inc. Method to reduce mitral regurgitation by cinching the commissure of the mitral valve
US11660191B2 (en) 2008-03-10 2023-05-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method to reduce mitral regurgitation
US8382829B1 (en) 2008-03-10 2013-02-26 Mitralign, Inc. Method to reduce mitral regurgitation by cinching the commissure of the mitral valve
US10456259B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2019-10-29 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US10219903B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2019-03-05 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraanular band and chordae cutting for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
US8961597B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2015-02-24 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US10238488B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2019-03-26 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US8262725B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2012-09-11 Cardiovascular Technologies, Llc Transvalvular intraannular band for valve repair
US20100131057A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2010-05-27 Cardiovascular Technologies, Llc Transvalvular intraannular band for aortic valve repair
US9468526B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2016-10-18 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US8956406B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2015-02-17 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraanular band and chordae cutting for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
US20100121437A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2010-05-13 Cardiovascular Technologies, Llc Transvalvular intraannular band and chordae cutting for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
US9168137B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2015-10-27 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraannular band for aortic valve repair
US9585753B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2017-03-07 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraannular band for valve repair
US20090264995A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Subramanian Valavanur A Transvalvular intraannular band for valve repair
US9615925B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2017-04-11 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraanular band for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
US11013599B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2021-05-25 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous transvalvular intraannular band for mitral valve repair
US20100076550A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2010-03-25 Cardiovascular Technologies, Llc Transvalvular intraannular band for valve repair
US8480732B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2013-07-09 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraannular band for valve repair
US11083579B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2021-08-10 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Transvalvular intraanular band and chordae cutting for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
US10363392B2 (en) 2008-05-07 2019-07-30 Ancora Heart, Inc. Deflectable guide
US20100094314A1 (en) * 2008-10-10 2010-04-15 Hernlund Jonathan D Tether tensioning devices and related methods
US8795298B2 (en) 2008-10-10 2014-08-05 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Tether tensioning devices and related methods
US20110011917A1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2011-01-20 Hansen Medical, Inc. Methods, devices, and kits for treating valve prolapse
US11202883B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2021-12-21 Ancora Heart, Inc. Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
WO2010085457A1 (en) * 2009-01-20 2010-07-29 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US9616197B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2017-04-11 Ancora Heart, Inc. Anchor deployment devices and related methods
US20100198056A1 (en) * 2009-01-20 2010-08-05 Mariel Fabro Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US9173646B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2015-11-03 Guided Delivery Systems Inc. Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US10625047B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2020-04-21 Ancora Heart, Inc. Anchor deployment devices and related methods
US20100185172A1 (en) * 2009-01-20 2010-07-22 Mariel Fabro Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US20100198208A1 (en) * 2009-01-20 2010-08-05 Napp Malte I Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US10625046B2 (en) 2009-01-20 2020-04-21 Ancora Heart, Inc. Diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, visualization devices and chord manipulation devices, and related kits and methods
US10405978B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2019-09-10 4Tech Inc. Tricuspid valve repair using tension
US10238491B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2019-03-26 4Tech Inc. Tricuspid valve repair using tension
US10058323B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2018-08-28 4 Tech Inc. Tricuspid valve repair using tension
US9307980B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2016-04-12 4Tech Inc. Tricuspid valve repair using tension
US10433963B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2019-10-08 4Tech Inc. Tissue anchor and delivery tool
US9861350B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2018-01-09 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for anchoring tissue
US10130474B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2018-11-20 Neochord, Inc. Exchangeable system for minimally invasive beating heart repair of heart valve leaflets
US10080659B1 (en) 2010-12-29 2018-09-25 Neochord, Inc. Devices and methods for minimally invasive repair of heart valves
US9044221B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2015-06-02 Neochord, Inc. Exchangeable system for minimally invasive beating heart repair of heart valve leaflets
US20200368022A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2020-11-26 Neochord, Inc. Minimally Invasive Repair of Heart Valve Leaflets
US10695178B2 (en) 2011-06-01 2020-06-30 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive repair of heart valve leaflets
US9668859B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2017-06-06 California Institute Of Technology Percutaneous heart valve delivery systems
US9173712B2 (en) * 2011-09-30 2015-11-03 Bioventrix, Inc. Over-the-wire cardiac implant delivery system for treatment of CHF and other conditions
US11051941B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2021-07-06 Bioventrix, Inc. Over-the-wire cardiac implant delivery system for treatment of CHF and other conditions
US9662212B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2017-05-30 Bioventrix, Inc. Trans-catheter ventricular reconstruction structures, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10179049B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2019-01-15 Bioventrix, Inc. Trans-catheter ventricular reconstruction structures, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10219904B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2019-03-05 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac implant migration inhibiting systems
US20130096579A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-18 Bioventrix, Inc Over-the-wire cardiac implant delivery system for treatment of chf and other conditions
US11051942B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2021-07-06 Bioventrix, Inc. Trans-catheter ventricular reconstruction structures, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US9011531B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2015-04-21 Mitraspan, Inc. Method and apparatus for repairing a mitral valve
WO2013123059A1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-22 Mitraspan, Inc Method and apparatus for repairing a mitral valve
US10076414B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2018-09-18 Mitraspan, Inc. Method and apparatus for repairing a mitral valve
US10206673B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2019-02-19 4Tech, Inc. Suture-securing for cardiac valve repair
US11406500B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2022-08-09 Diaxamed, Llc Cardiac treatment system and method
US10405981B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2019-09-10 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system
US10420644B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2019-09-24 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system and method
US9421101B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2016-08-23 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system
US9421102B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2016-08-23 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system and method
US10064723B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2018-09-04 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system and method
US11517437B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2022-12-06 Diaxamed, Llc Cardiac treatment system
US9370425B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2016-06-21 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system and method
US9844437B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2017-12-19 Mardil, Inc. Cardiac treatment system and method
US9693865B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2017-07-04 4 Tech Inc. Soft tissue depth-finding tool
US9788948B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2017-10-17 4 Tech Inc. Soft tissue anchors and implantation techniques
US10449050B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2019-10-22 4 Tech Inc. Soft tissue depth-finding tool
US9907681B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-03-06 4Tech Inc. Stent with tether interface
US9744037B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-08-29 California Institute Of Technology Handle mechanism and functionality for repositioning and retrieval of transcatheter heart valves
US10314498B2 (en) 2013-05-24 2019-06-11 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac tissue penetrating devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US11559212B2 (en) 2013-05-24 2023-01-24 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac tissue penetrating devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10588613B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2020-03-17 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac tissue anchoring devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US11540822B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2023-01-03 Bioventrix, Inc. Cardiac tissue anchoring devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US11903834B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2024-02-20 Bioventrix, Inc. Heart anchor positioning devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10575953B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2020-03-03 Bioventrix, Inc. Heart anchor positioning devices, methods, and systems for treatment of congestive heart failure and other conditions
US10918373B2 (en) 2013-08-31 2021-02-16 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Devices and methods for locating and implanting tissue anchors at mitral valve commissure
USD717954S1 (en) 2013-10-14 2014-11-18 Mardil, Inc. Heart treatment device
US10039643B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-08-07 4Tech Inc. Multiple anchoring-point tension system
US10022114B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-07-17 4Tech Inc. Percutaneous tether locking
US10052095B2 (en) 2013-10-30 2018-08-21 4Tech Inc. Multiple anchoring-point tension system
US20150306359A1 (en) * 2014-04-23 2015-10-29 Intervalve, Inc. Post Dilation Balloon With Marker Bands For Use With Stented Valves
US10220192B2 (en) * 2014-04-23 2019-03-05 Intervalve Medical, Inc. Post dilation balloon with marker bands for use with stented valves
US9801720B2 (en) 2014-06-19 2017-10-31 4Tech Inc. Cardiac tissue cinching
US10682231B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2020-06-16 The Provost, Fellows Foundation Scholars, and The Other Members of the Board, of the College of The Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth Near Dublin (TCD) Heart valve treatment device and method
US10987220B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2021-04-27 The Provost, Fellows Foundation Scholars, and The Other Members of the Board, of the College of The Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth Near Dublin (TCD) Heart valve treatment device and method
US9907547B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-03-06 4Tech Inc. Off-center tissue anchors
US11389152B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2022-07-19 4Tech Inc. Off-center tissue anchors with tension members
US10980529B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2021-04-20 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods of visualizing and determining depth of penetration in cardiac tissue
US10058321B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2018-08-28 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods of visualizing and determining depth of penetration in cardiac tissue
US11083578B2 (en) 2015-03-11 2021-08-10 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US10201423B2 (en) 2015-03-11 2019-02-12 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US10980973B2 (en) 2015-05-12 2021-04-20 Ancora Heart, Inc. Device and method for releasing catheters from cardiac structures
US10206779B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2019-02-19 Bioventrix, Inc. Systems and methods for deploying a cardiac anchor
US11185414B2 (en) 2015-09-10 2021-11-30 Bioventrix, Inc. Systems and methods for deploying a cardiac anchor
US11484409B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2022-11-01 Neochord, Inc. Ringless web for repair of heart valves
US10765517B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2020-09-08 Neochord, Inc. Ringless web for repair of heart valves
CN108472142A (en) * 2015-11-17 2018-08-31 爱德华兹生命科学公司 System for anchor to be arranged and device
US10463492B2 (en) 2015-11-17 2019-11-05 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Systems and devices for setting an anchor
US10555814B2 (en) 2015-11-17 2020-02-11 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Ultrasound probe for cardiac treatment
CN108472142B (en) * 2015-11-17 2020-09-11 爱德华兹生命科学公司 System and apparatus for deploying anchors
US11446146B2 (en) 2015-11-17 2022-09-20 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Heart reshaping system
US11331189B2 (en) 2015-11-17 2022-05-17 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Systems and devices for setting an anchor
WO2017087701A1 (en) * 2015-11-17 2017-05-26 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Systems and devices for setting an anchor
US11883294B2 (en) 2015-11-17 2024-01-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Systems and devices for setting an anchor
US10799354B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2020-10-13 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US11793639B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2023-10-24 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
WO2017100785A1 (en) 2015-12-10 2017-06-15 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US10278818B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2019-05-07 Mvrx, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
US11478353B2 (en) 2016-01-29 2022-10-25 Bioventrix, Inc. Percutaneous arterial access to position trans-myocardial implant devices and methods
US11033391B2 (en) 2016-12-22 2021-06-15 Heart Repair Technologies, Inc. Percutaneous delivery systems for anchoring an implant in a cardiac valve annulus
US11589989B2 (en) 2017-03-31 2023-02-28 Neochord, Inc. Minimally invasive heart valve repair in a beating heart
US11135062B2 (en) 2017-11-20 2021-10-05 Valtech Cardio Ltd. Cinching of dilated heart muscle
US10952854B2 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-03-23 The Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars And The Other Members Of Board, Of The College Of The Holy And Undivided Trinity Of Queen Elizabeth, Near Dublin (Tcd) Heart valve therapeutic device
US11207182B2 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-12-28 The Provost Fellows, Foundation Scholars and the Other Members of Board, of the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth, Near Dublin (TCD) Heart valve therapeutic device
US11285003B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2022-03-29 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Prolapse prevention device and methods of use thereof
US11026791B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2021-06-08 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Flexible canopy valve repair systems and methods of use
US11701228B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2023-07-18 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Flexible canopy valve repair systems and methods of use
US10588620B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2020-03-17 Neochord, Inc. Device for suture attachment for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11612389B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2023-03-28 Neochord, Inc. Device for suture attachment for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11253360B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2022-02-22 Neochord, Inc. Low profile tissue anchor for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11173030B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2021-11-16 Neochord, Inc. Suture length adjustment for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US10966709B2 (en) 2018-09-07 2021-04-06 Neochord, Inc. Device for suture attachment for minimally invasive heart valve repair
WO2020176201A1 (en) * 2019-02-25 2020-09-03 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Anchoring method for reducing cardiac valve regurgitation
US11918468B2 (en) 2019-04-16 2024-03-05 Neochord, Inc. Transverse helical cardiac anchor for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11376126B2 (en) 2019-04-16 2022-07-05 Neochord, Inc. Transverse helical cardiac anchor for minimally invasive heart valve repair
US11672524B2 (en) 2019-07-15 2023-06-13 Ancora Heart, Inc. Devices and methods for tether cutting
US11219525B2 (en) 2019-08-05 2022-01-11 Croivalve Ltd. Apparatus and methods for treating a defective cardiac valve
US11751995B2 (en) * 2020-03-30 2023-09-12 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Apparatus and methods for minimally invasive transapical access
US20210298899A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-09-30 Tendyne Holdings, Inc. Apparatus And Methods For Minimally Invasive Transapical Access
US11766331B2 (en) * 2020-05-27 2023-09-26 Politecnico Di Milano Device and assembly to repair a heart valve
US20230091034A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2023-03-23 Politecnico Di Milano Device and assembly to repair a heart valve
US11931261B2 (en) 2022-02-17 2024-03-19 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Prolapse prevention device and methods of use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9198757B2 (en) 2015-12-01
AU2001296512A1 (en) 2002-04-22
US20090270980A1 (en) 2009-10-29
WO2002030292A1 (en) 2002-04-18
US6723038B1 (en) 2004-04-20
US20040152947A1 (en) 2004-08-05
US20060241340A1 (en) 2006-10-26
US7766812B2 (en) 2010-08-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7766812B2 (en) Methods and devices for improving mitral valve function
US6616684B1 (en) Endovascular splinting devices and methods
US11883294B2 (en) Systems and devices for setting an anchor
US7316706B2 (en) Tensioning device, system, and method for treating mitral valve regurgitation
US8460371B2 (en) Method and apparatus for performing catheter-based annuloplasty using local plications
US7189199B2 (en) Methods and devices for improving cardiac function in hearts
US20110295059A1 (en) Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
CA2601818A1 (en) Device, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus
WO2009038724A1 (en) Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve annulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
WO2001028455A1 (en) Methods and devices for improving cardiac function in hearts
US10219902B2 (en) Devices, systems, and methods for reshaping a heart valve anulus, including the use of a bridge implant having an adjustable bridge stop
US20230255616A1 (en) Intra-lumen suture knot deployment
US20200268514A1 (en) Mechanically locking adjustable cardiac tether
WO2023172382A1 (en) Flexible valve anchors
CN116669660A (en) Method for traversing an anatomical vessel wall

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: MYOCOR, INC., MINNESOTA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SIMMON, MARC;KEITH, PETER;REEL/FRAME:016084/0236;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041112 TO 20041208

AS Assignment

Owner name: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING IV, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMMENT;ASSIGNOR:MYOCOR, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019805/0072

Effective date: 20070820

Owner name: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING IV, INC.,CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMMENT;ASSIGNOR:MYOCOR, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019805/0072

Effective date: 20070820

AS Assignment

Owner name: EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MYOCOR, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022277/0011

Effective date: 20081029

Owner name: EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC,CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MYOCOR, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022277/0011

Effective date: 20081029

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION