US161167A - Improvement in bottoms for welding and heating furnaces - Google Patents
Improvement in bottoms for welding and heating furnaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US161167A US161167A US161167DA US161167A US 161167 A US161167 A US 161167A US 161167D A US161167D A US 161167DA US 161167 A US161167 A US 161167A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- bottoms
- welding
- improvement
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 40
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010037844 Rash Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
Definitions
- My invention relates to compositions for forming the bottom of heating or welding furnaces, and all furnaces of the same general class; and it consists of a compound or mixture of sand and common or rock salt, to which other ingredients which will not vitrify or tend to consolidate the mass may be added without departing from the spirit of my invention, though additional ingredients 7 are not necessary or specially desirable.
- the sand and salt are intimately mixed, and the compound spread upon the hearth or floor of the furnace in the usual manner.
- a bottom formed as described will pack so as to have an even and smooth surface, similar to the sand bottom in appearance, but one upon which piles or blooms may be worked Without any liability of sand adhering thereto, whereby one disadvantage of the sand bottom is removed.
- a bottom formed thereof will last twice as long as the bottomcommonly employed, say from seven to eight heats, whereas the sand bottom lasts on an average of three or four heats. It can be repaired where torn or worn by the piles or blooms. In heating blooms or piles for finelyfinished iron, requiring to be scaled or cleaned with acid, the iron scales more readily-and thoroughly in the rolls, requiring less acid in the wash-room, and producing a better article at less cost. The slag running from furnaces lined with my compound is more fluid and less destructive to the lining or bottom. Finally, I find that the furnace works milder, rash heats which injure the iron are avoided, and the furnace can be worked to advantage with a lower damper.
- mace-bottoms consisting essentially of an ad- HENRY MILLER.
Description
. STATES A'IEN'I' FFIGE.
WILLIAM SMALL, OF MOKEESPORT, PENNSYLVANIA.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,167, dated March 23, 1875; application filed February 3, 1875.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WILLIAM SMALL, of McKeesport, 'in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bottoms for Welding and Heating Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
My invention relates to compositions for forming the bottom of heating or welding furnaces, and all furnaces of the same general class; and it consists of a compound or mixture of sand and common or rock salt, to which other ingredients which will not vitrify or tend to consolidate the mass may be added without departing from the spirit of my invention, though additional ingredients 7 are not necessary or specially desirable.
Heretofore the bottoms of heating and similar furnaces have been formed almost entirely of loose sand, or of similar materials,
which, being spread upon the bottom, be-
come packed as the furnace was Worked. But such bottoms will last only for about three or four heats, and are liable to injure the blooms, for the reason that the loose sand constantly adheres to the heated iron, and is carried with it to the rolls, which force it into the bar or sheet. This class of bottoms, therefore, though the best known and in general use, are objectionable, for the reasons cited, and to such an extent that, in the manufacture of sheet-iron, the furnace is alternately worked with piles and blooms, so that the pile for the commoner class of sheets will take up the loose sand, packing the bottom, so that less sand will adhere to the blooms, which are intended for the finer kinds of sheetiron. In welding-furnaces the same or similar difficulties exist. 4
It is the object of the present invention to provide a furnace-bottom which will retain the advantages of the old sand bottom, while having none of its disadvantages.
In doing this I proceed as follows: I take of the ordinary sand or other material commonly employed for this purpose, and add thereto common or rock salt, preferably in the proportions of three pints of salt to the bushel of sand or similar material. These are the common proportions employed, but may be varied, provided enough salt is employed to give the results hereinafter specified.
The sand and salt are intimately mixed, and the compound spread upon the hearth or floor of the furnace in the usual manner.
A bottom formed as described will pack so as to have an even and smooth surface, similar to the sand bottom in appearance, but one upon which piles or blooms may be worked Without any liability of sand adhering thereto, whereby one disadvantage of the sand bottom is removed.
If too much salt has not been added to the mixture, there will be no tendency of the bottom to glaze, which is one of the advantages of the sand bottom, as the glazed bottom detracts from the heating qualities of the furnace, and is a great objection to compounds which have heretofore been substituted for the sand bottom.
The other advantages of my compound I find to be as follows: A bottom formed thereof will last twice as long as the bottomcommonly employed, say from seven to eight heats, whereas the sand bottom lasts on an average of three or four heats. It can be repaired where torn or worn by the piles or blooms. In heating blooms or piles for finelyfinished iron, requiring to be scaled or cleaned with acid, the iron scales more readily-and thoroughly in the rolls, requiring less acid in the wash-room, and producing a better article at less cost. The slag running from furnaces lined with my compound is more fluid and less destructive to the lining or bottom. Finally, I find that the furnace works milder, rash heats which injure the iron are avoided, and the furnace can be worked to advantage with a lower damper.
It is believed that the several advantages set forth are due to the liberation of chlorine and the effect of the base on the sand or similar admixture; but such is not asserted as a fact.
The practical working of furnaces lined with this compound have demonstrated its utility and advantages as specified.
I am aware that salt and sand have been used in the composition of fixes or solid linings, the salt, together with the lead, fluxing the sand, and producing a vitreous or semivitreous solid lining. In compounds of which mixture of sand and salt substantially as this is typical I do not claim the use of salt specified.
and sand. In testimony whereof I, the said WILLIAM Having thus described my invention, what I SMALL, have hereunto set my hand. claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, WILLIAM SMALL. is Witnesses A loose or unvitrified compound for fur- GEORGE F. LUDWIOK,
mace-bottoms consisting essentially of an ad- HENRY MILLER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US161167A true US161167A (en) | 1875-03-23 |
Family
ID=2230576
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US161167D Expired - Lifetime US161167A (en) | Improvement in bottoms for welding and heating furnaces |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US161167A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090187206A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2009-07-23 | Binmoeller Kenneth F | Conformationally-Stabilized Intraluminal Device for Medical Applications |
-
0
- US US161167D patent/US161167A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090187206A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2009-07-23 | Binmoeller Kenneth F | Conformationally-Stabilized Intraluminal Device for Medical Applications |
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