EP3067445B1 - A method for biofunctionalization of textile materials - Google Patents
A method for biofunctionalization of textile materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3067445B1 EP3067445B1 EP15195767.7A EP15195767A EP3067445B1 EP 3067445 B1 EP3067445 B1 EP 3067445B1 EP 15195767 A EP15195767 A EP 15195767A EP 3067445 B1 EP3067445 B1 EP 3067445B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- polymer
- temperature
- extruder
- copper silicate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 58
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- ZZBBCSFCMKWYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O ZZBBCSFCMKWYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GPNYZBKIGXGYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-[(3-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CC)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(CC)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O GPNYZBKIGXGYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AWSFUCVGQBUMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-methoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(O)O AWSFUCVGQBUMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002601 oligoester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003899 tartaric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical class OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 25
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 23
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 20
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 19
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 16
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004790 ingeo Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910017929 Cu—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 3
- XQCUWCZUYXJXRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper dioxosilane Chemical compound [Si](=O)=O.[Cu] XQCUWCZUYXJXRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940032049 enterococcus faecalis Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012009 microbiological test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CWEFIMQKSZFZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-[4-[[4-[4-[[4-[[4-(pentoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]carbamoyloxy]butoxycarbonylamino]phenyl]methyl]phenyl]acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(CC(=O)OCCCCC)=CC=C1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1NC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)NC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)C=C1 CWEFIMQKSZFZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-M (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-GSVOUGTGSA-M 0.000 description 1
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000588626 Acinetobacter baumannii Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194031 Enterococcus faecium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588747 Klebsiella pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002582 Polyethylene Glycol 600 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000122973 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Species 0.000 description 1
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000863480 Vinca Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001133547 Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. alfalfae Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N copper;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cu] AEJIMXVJZFYIHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000263 cytotoxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003253 viricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910009111 xH2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
- D01F1/103—Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
- D01F6/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins from polypropylene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
- D01F6/625—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for biofunctionalization of textile materials which leads to obtaining antibacterial and antifungal properties.
- the structure of the coatings was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and by UV-Vis spectroscopy and HIRBS.
- the obtained coatings showed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strains which was increasing together with the increase of metal concentration, and decreasing with the increase of heat treatment temperature during the process of forming Cu nanoparticles.
- the most effective antimicrobial properties were exhibited by the coatings which were not thermally treated under an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere.
- SiO 2 nanoparticles served as a substrate for the continuous deposition of copper.
- the chemical structure and morphology of the nanocomposite was examined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- SEM-EDX energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- the copper nanoparticles homogeneously formed on the surface of SiO 2 nanoparticles did not undergo aggregation and exhibited excellent antibacterial activity with respect to multiple microorganisms.
- AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy
- Nanosilica which was modified on the surface with copper particles was used to remove the odor of mercaptans and sulfur compounds from petroleum. According to the publication in Langmuir, vol. 26, 15837-15844 (2010 ), silica modified by the addition of copper also exhibited antibacterial properties.
- Copper silicate is used in medicine and biology, for instance, in controlled release of drugs and thermal treatment of tumors.
- An additional advantage of copper silicate CuO - SiO 2 is the possibility to modify its surface and properties using hydrophobic substances, simple chemical processes and organofunctional compounds [ Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 87, 50-57 (2012 )].
- the publication in the Nanoscale Research Letters journal, vol. 6, 594-602 (2011 ) reveals that cotton textiles impregnated with silica sol containing 0.5 - 2 % by weight of copper nanoparticles, having dried exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
- the AMB Express magazine, vol. 3, 53 (2013 ) publishes an article describing very good antimicrobial properties of nanocomposites Cu-SiO 2 , obtained in the form of thin layers using the CVD method, against multiple hospital pathogens ( Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ).
- the SEM method confirmed the nanostructure of Cu particles in the silica matrix.
- the tested shells of nanocomposites Cu-SiO 2 can also be used for microbial protection of metal and ceramic surfaces.
- the invention relates to a method for biofunctionalization of textile materials using copper silicate in the hydrate form, which is premixed with the polymer component, a plasticizer and an antioxidant, then the whole is heated until the polymer melts, and then the molten composition is subjected to pneumothermal extrusion and blowing the molten polymer in a stream of hot air.
- Copper silicate hydrate is used in an amount of 0.1 - 4 % by weight.
- polymers selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP) and its copolymers, polylactide (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyethylene (PE) and / or mixtures thereof are used as polymer components.
- a concentrate which comprises 1 - 25 % by weight of copper silicate hydrate with a selected polymer and mixed with the same or another polymer and the remaining ingredients in such weight proportions that the content of copper silicate hydrate in the manufactured fabric is 0.1 - 4 % by weight.
- Plasticizers used are compounds having a liquid consistency selected from the group comprising: oligomers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol oligomers, glycerin esters, citric acid esters or tartaric acid esters, pentaerythritol esters, dialkyl diesters of phthalic acid, paraffin oil, epoxy resin, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxy ether derivatives of polysiloxanes, oligoesters of silicic acid, oligo(dimethylsiloxanediol), polycarbonate diol, polycaprolactone, or polycaprolactone diol.
- Plasticizers are used in an amount of 1.5 - 15 % by weight in relation to the mass of polymer or the mass of polymer mixture, preferably 2.5 - 5 % by weight.
- an antioxidant 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (MBMTBP) or 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (MBETBP) to the component system was applied.
- the antioxidants are used in the amount of 0.05 - 0.5 % by weight with respect to the mass of the polymer or the mass of polymer mixture, preferably 0.15 - 0.30 % by weight.
- Example 1 (sample 5 in Table 1).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL 512 FB (PP), followed by 2 % by weight of powdered anhydrous copper silicate.
- the equipment for manufacturing bioactive textile material comprises: screw extruder, a melt-blowing head, compressed air heater and the receiving device in the form of a moving drum.
- PP processing parameters were as follows:
- Example 2 (sample 2 in Table 1).
- Example 3 (sample 3 in Table 1).
- Example 4 (sample 10 in Table 1).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O.
- Example 5 (sample 13 in Table 1).
- Example 6 (sample 25 in Table 2).
- polycarbonate diol Desmophen C XP 2716 with an average molecular weight of 650 g/mol were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.5 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O.
- PLA polylactide granulate
- Example 7 (sample 24 in Table 1).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.5 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O.
- Example 8 (sample 26 in Table 1).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.5 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O.
- Example 9 (sample 20 in Table 1).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O.
- Example 10 (sample 7 in Table 1)
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL512 FB, followed by 4 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O.
- Example 11 (sample 40 in Table 3).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL512 FB (PP), followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O) as well as 0.15% by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (MBMTBP).
- MBMTBP 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)
- Example 12 (sample 41 in Table 3).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O) as well as 0.20 % by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (MBMTBP).
- PHA polylactide granulate
- MBMTBP 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)
- Example 13 (sample 42 in Table 3).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL512 FB, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O) as well as 0.25 % by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (MBETBP).
- MBETBP 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol)
- Example 14 (sample 43 in Table 3).
- ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO 2 , 18.52 % by weight H 2 O, 0.02 % by weight Na 2 O and 0.01 % by weight K 2 O) as well as 0.30 % by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (MBETBP).
- PHA polylactide granulate
- MBETBP 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol)
- Table 1 and Table 3 point to bactericidal and fungicidal properties of composite non-woven fabrics modified with copper silicate hydrate.
- Table 1 Chemical compositions of composite non-woven fabrics (with PP or PLA) containing Polikol 600-PEG (or PCL-diol or other plasticizers), and hydrous copper silicate CuSiO 3 ⁇ xH 2 O and the results of their microbiological tests Sample No.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for biofunctionalization of textile materials which leads to obtaining antibacterial and antifungal properties.
- Giving the textile materials antibacterial and antifungal properties proves very important in case of their special uses, particularly in the manufacturing of sanitary materials and protective clothing components.
- It has been known for quite some time that copper oxide possesses antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties [e.g. G. Borkow, J. Gabbay, FASEB J., vol. 18, 1728-1737 (2004); Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 51, 2605-2607 (2007); International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. 33, 587-590 (2009); Formatex, 197-209 (2011); The Open Biology Journal, vol. 6, 1-7 (2013); International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Developments, vol. 6, 72-78 (2014)]. Although relative to most microorganisms, small concentrations of copper are sufficient, typically, higher doses are used to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms and obtain bactericidal activity [New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 35, 1198 (2011)]. Permanent biocidal properties of textiles containing 3-10% of copper were described by Gabbay, Borkow et al. [Journal of Industrial Textiles, vol. 35 (2006) 323-335].
- The publication by C.C. Trapalis et al. [Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, vol. 26, 1213-1218 (2003)] describes a method for obtaining thin composite silicate coatings containing copper (Cu / SiO2) on glass plates. By means of the sol-gel method, as a result of hydrolysis using stoichiometric amount of water, and subsequent condensation of tetraethoxysilane Si(OC2H5)4 with acetylacetonate copper Cu(acac)2 in acidic environment (pH = 3) a homogeneous solution of a green color was obtained, which was heated at 70 °C for 2 hours, then cooled to room temperature and applied by immersion onto microscopic glass plates. The thin layers of copper silicate were heated under oxidizing and reducing atmospheres at the temperature up to 500 °C in order to form Cu nanoparticles. The structure of the coatings was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and by UV-Vis spectroscopy and HIRBS. The obtained coatings showed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strains which was increasing together with the increase of metal concentration, and decreasing with the increase of heat treatment temperature during the process of forming Cu nanoparticles. However, the most effective antimicrobial properties were exhibited by the coatings which were not thermally treated under an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 110, 24923-24928 (2006) describes a deposition of copper on the surface of spherical silica nanoparticles in order to obtain a hybrid structure of Cu-SiO2 nanocomposite.
- SiO2 nanoparticles served as a substrate for the continuous deposition of copper. The chemical structure and morphology of the nanocomposite was examined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The copper nanoparticles homogeneously formed on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles did not undergo aggregation and exhibited excellent antibacterial activity with respect to multiple microorganisms.
- Mesoporous copper-doped silica xerogels of a large specific surface area (463 m2/g) and a pore size of 2 nm, exhibiting antibacterial properties depending on the concentration of copper were also obtained in the sol-gel process [Biomedical Materials, vol. 4, 045008 (2009)].
- Ren et al. [International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. 33 (2009) 587-590] found that the minimum bactericidal concentration of nanoparticles CuO in relation to bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is approx. 5000 µg/Ml. At the same time, they suggested that releasing of copper ions into the local environment was necessary for preserving microbial activity.
- However, by applying the atomic absorption spectroscopy method (AAS) it was revealed that there was no simple correlation between the amount of copper released from the polymer matrix, and inhibition of bacterial growth. Most likely, this effect was caused by other factors, such as, for example smoothness of the surface. Another reason could be the release of organic polymer compounds.
- It was demonstrated that the highest activity against bacteria was exhibited by CuO nanoparticles with dimensions of 1-10 nm [Nanotechnology, vol. 16 (2005) 2346-2353, Dyes and Pigments, vol. 73 (2007) 298-304].
- Nanosilica which was modified on the surface with copper particles was used to remove the odor of mercaptans and sulfur compounds from petroleum. According to the publication in Langmuir, vol. 26, 15837-15844 (2010), silica modified by the addition of copper also exhibited antibacterial properties.
- In the copper silicate CuO - SiO2 antibacterial and antifungal properties of the copper oxide as well as virucidal activity are connected to biocompatibility, non-toxicity and a variety of silica surfaces.
- Copper silicate is used in medicine and biology, for instance, in controlled release of drugs and thermal treatment of tumors. An additional advantage of copper silicate CuO - SiO2 is the possibility to modify its surface and properties using hydrophobic substances, simple chemical processes and organofunctional compounds [Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 87, 50-57 (2012)]. The publication in the Nanoscale Research Letters journal, vol. 6, 594-602 (2011) reveals that cotton textiles impregnated with silica sol containing 0.5 - 2 % by weight of copper nanoparticles, having dried exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In order to block hydroxyl groups of silica, some samples were subjected to modification in reaction with hexadecyl(trimethoxy)silane. According to an article in the Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, vol. 8, 558-566 (2012), SiO2 core-shell structured nanoparticles containing approx. 0.1 of added µg Cu (in the form of insoluble copper hydroxide) possessed significantly better antibacterial properties against bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis than that observed for the Cu(OH)2 alone.
- In the case of core-shell structured CuSiO3 the minimum concentration inhibiting the growth of these bacteria was 2.4 µg Cu/mL. However, from the publication in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2014; dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf502350w) it is known that silica nanocomposites with copper compounds of different valencies, especially enhanced by adding the compounds Cu (0) and Cu (I), exhibited a higher antibacterial efficacy than the compounds Cu (II) against Xanthomonas alfalfae and Escherichia coli bacteria.
- Phytotoxicity studies performed (in Vinca sp. and Hamlin orange) under greenhouse conditions showed that these nanocomposites are safe for plants and can be used as biocides in agriculture.
The AMB Express magazine, vol. 3, 53 (2013) publishes an article describing very good antimicrobial properties of nanocomposites Cu-SiO2, obtained in the form of thin layers using the CVD method, against multiple hospital pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The SEM method confirmed the nanostructure of Cu particles in the silica matrix. The tested shells of nanocomposites Cu-SiO2 can also be used for microbial protection of metal and ceramic surfaces. - From an article in the Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, vol. 8, 869-876 (2013) it is known that copper alginates and zinc alginates and their silica composites exhibit stronger antimicrobial activity than regular Cu and Zn saline solutions against Enterococcus faecalis strains, despite the fact that they were used in a lower concentration. In addition, these hybrid materials showed to be biocompatible and did not cause cytotoxic effects against eukaryotic cells. They can therefore be useful in the gradual drug release and tissue engineering while preserving a high microbial activity over a long period of time. The information published in the journal Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 108, 358-365 (2013), shows that copper nanoparticles deposited on the surface of sodium montmorillonite (MMT) or intercalated inside its layered structure exhibited high stability in air (more than 3 months) and an excellent microbiological activity against a multiple bacterial colonies: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, causing loss of > 90 % of bacteria after 12 h.
- Cytotoxicity tests revealed minimal adverse effect of this nanocomposite on human cells when the minimum concentration inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms (MBC) was too high. In spite of that, the prospects of employing nanocomposite MMT-Cu for therapeutic purposes is promising.
- The Journal of Materials Science, vol. 41, 5208-5212 (2006) describes strong antibacterial properties of monodisperse copper nanoparticles of 2 - 5 nm deposited on magnesium silicate [Mg8Si12O30 (OH)4·(H2O)4·8H2O] (sepiolite) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Their effectiveness proved to be comparable with biological activity of triclosan. From the information published in the Journal of Materials Chemistry B, vol. 2, 846-858 (2014) it is known that Cu2+ ions incorporated into the structure of layers of calcium silicate CaSiO3, deposited by electrophoresis on the surface of titanium, are released gradually from such a coating and exhibit good antibacterial activity against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, while showing higher corrosion resistance against pure titanium. However, CaSiO3 does not have antibacterial properties on its own. According to the article published in the journal Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1840, 3264-3276 (2014) strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is exhibited by both spherical copper nanocomposites and silver with mullite (3Al2O3•2SiO2). However, the microbial activity of copper nanocomposite with mullite was higher than that of silver nanocomposite with mullite, which was likely due to smaller particle size of the latter. Both nanocomposites exhibited good cytocompatibility at a concentration of 1 mg/ml (MBC) and showed therapeutic properties in the treatment of wounds in mice.
- The invention relates to a method for biofunctionalization of textile materials using copper silicate in the hydrate form, which is premixed with the polymer component, a plasticizer and an antioxidant, then the whole is heated until the polymer melts, and then the molten composition is subjected to pneumothermal extrusion and blowing the molten polymer in a stream of hot air. Copper silicate hydrate is used in an amount of 0.1 - 4 % by weight.
According to the invention, polymers selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP) and its copolymers, polylactide (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyethylene (PE) and / or mixtures thereof are used as polymer components. Alternatively, a concentrate is used which comprises 1 - 25 % by weight of copper silicate hydrate with a selected polymer and mixed with the same or another polymer and the remaining ingredients in such weight proportions that the content of copper silicate hydrate in the manufactured fabric is 0.1 - 4 % by weight. - Plasticizers used are compounds having a liquid consistency selected from the group comprising: oligomers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol oligomers, glycerin esters, citric acid esters or tartaric acid esters, pentaerythritol esters, dialkyl diesters of phthalic acid, paraffin oil, epoxy resin, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxy ether derivatives of polysiloxanes, oligoesters of silicic acid, oligo(dimethylsiloxanediol), polycarbonate diol, polycaprolactone, or polycaprolactone diol. Plasticizers are used in an amount of 1.5 - 15 % by weight in relation to the mass of polymer or the mass of polymer mixture, preferably 2.5 - 5 % by weight. In order to improve processing conditions (increase of thermal resistance of the polymer mass) an addition of an antioxidant: 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (MBMTBP) or 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (MBETBP) to the component system was applied. The antioxidants are used in the amount of 0.05 - 0.5 % by weight with respect to the mass of the polymer or the mass of polymer mixture, preferably 0.15 - 0.30 % by weight.
- The invention is illustrated by the following examples without limitation thereto.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL 512 FB (PP), followed by 2 % by weight of powdered anhydrous copper silicate.
- The equipment for manufacturing bioactive textile material comprises: screw extruder, a melt-blowing head, compressed air heater and the receiving device in the form of a moving drum. PP processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 240 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 280 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 285 °C,
- Head temperature: 240 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 260 - 280 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 50 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 3.4 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 8.8 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PP processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polypropylene non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 25.0 g of polypropylene granulate grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 75.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL 512 FB (PP) followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PP processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 240 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 280 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 285 °C,
- Head temperature: 240 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 260 - 280 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 50 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 3.4 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 8.8 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PP processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polypropylene non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 10.0 g of polypropylene concentrate containing 10 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (k-PP) and 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 90.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL 512 FB (PP).
- PP processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 240 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 280 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 285 °C,
- Head temperature: 240 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 260 - 280 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 50 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 3.4 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 8.8 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PP processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polypropylene non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 50 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 5.4 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 6.7 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PLA processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polylactide non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of polycaprolactone diol PCL Capa ™ 2054 (Perstorp) with an average molecular weight of 550 g/mol (PCL-diol) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 40 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 5.0 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 6.8 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PLA processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polylactide non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus atreus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 2.5 g of polycarbonate diol Desmophen C XP 2716 with an average molecular weight of 650 g/mol were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.5 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 72 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 6.8 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 4.7 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PLA processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polylactide non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 2.5 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.5 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 72 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 6.8 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 5.0 is m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PLA processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polylactide non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 1.5 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.5 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 60 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 5.9 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 6.1 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PLA processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polylactide non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 0.1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 72 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 6.8 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 4.0 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PLA processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polylactide non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL512 FB, followed by 4 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O.
- PP processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 240 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 280 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 285 °C,
- Head temperature: 240 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 260 - 280 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 59.2 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 3.6 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 8.5 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PP processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, the process of extrusion of the composite polypropylene non-woven fabric was initiated using the melt-blown method. The resulting non-woven fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL512 FB (PP), followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O) as well as 0.15% by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (MBMTBP).
- PP processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 240 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 280 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 285 °C,
- Head temperature: 240 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 260 - 280 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 50.0 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 3.4 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 8.8 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PP processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, in the process of extrusion using the melt-blown method a composite polypropylene non-woven fabric was obtained and it was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O) as well as 0.20 % by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (MBMTBP).
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 72.0 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 6.8 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 4.0 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PP processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, in the process of extrusion using the melt-blown method a composite polylactide non-woven fabric was obtained and it was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polypropylene granulate HL512 FB, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O) as well as 0.25 % by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (MBETBP).
- PP processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 240 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 280 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 285 °C,
- Head temperature: 240 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 260 - 280 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 50.0 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 3.4 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 8.8 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PP processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, in the process of extrusion using the melt-blown method a composite polypropylene non-woven fabric was obtained and it was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- 5.0 g of ethylene glycol oligomer with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol (Polikol 600 - PEG) were added to 100.0 g of polylactide granulate (PLA) Ingeo 32510, followed by 1 % by weight of powdered copper silicate hydrate (having the following chemical composition: 35.23 % by weight CuO, 62.16 % by weight SiO2, 18.52 % by weight H2O, 0.02 % by weight Na2O and 0.01 % by weight K2O) as well as 0.30 % by weight 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (MBETBP).
- PLA processing parameters were as follows:
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 1: 195 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 2: 245 °C,
- Temperature of the extruder in zone 3: 260 °C,
- Head temperature: 260 °C,
- Air heater temperature: 270 - 290 °C,
- Screw rotation speed: 72.0 rpm,
- Polymer yield: 6.8 g/min,
- Air flow rate: 4.0 m3/h
- After setting the above parameters specified for PLA processing, all the ingredients were thoroughly mixed and transferred to the hopper of the screw extruder. Then, in the process of extrusion using the melt-blown method a composite polylactide non-woven fabric was obtained and it was subjected to microbial activity tests against a colony of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the Candida albicans fungus.
- The test results presented in Table 1 and Table 3 point to bactericidal and fungicidal properties of composite non-woven fabrics modified with copper silicate hydrate.
Table 1. Chemical compositions of composite non-woven fabrics (with PP or PLA) containing Polikol 600-PEG (or PCL-diol or other plasticizers), and hydrous copper silicate CuSiO3·xH2O and the results of their microbiological tests Sample No. Polyme r PEG (PCL-diol *) CuSiO3·xH2 O R [%] (L) Escherichia coli R [%] (L) Staphylococc us aureus R [%] (L) Candida albicans (ATCC 25922) (ATCC 6538) (ATCC 10321) [phr] [phr] 1 PP/PL Aa 5 2 98.90 (1.9) 97.39 (1.6) 99.68 (2.3) 2 PP/ PP-g-MAb 5 1 74.12 (0.5) 82.53 (0.8) 98.06 (1.7) 3 PP/k-PPc 5 1 74.93 (0.5) 82.38 (0.8) 97.92 (1.7) 4 PP 5 1 73.76 (0.5) 82.24 (0.8) 97.80 (1.7) 5 PP 5 2** 98.70 (1.9) 97.16 (1.6) 99.54 (2.3) 6 and 15 PP 5 3 >99.94 (>3.2) PP 5 3 >99.70 (>3.4) 98.20 (1.7) 80.40 (0.7) 7 PP 5 4 >99.94 (>3.2) 99.98 (3.7) 99.82 (2.7) 8 PP/PE d 15e 1 >99.92 (>3.2) 99.94 (3.6) 99.80 (2.6) 9 PHA f 5 1 >99.97 (>3.7) 99.8 (2.6) >99.79 (1.2) 10 PLA 5 1 >99.94 (>3.2) 99.97 (3.6) >99.74 (1.1) 11 PLA 5 2 >99.94 (>3.2) 99.98 (3.9) >99.74 (1.1) 13 PLA (5)* 1 >99.96 (>3.4) 99.6 (2.4) 84.7 (0.8) 16 PLA 5 0.50 >99.96 (>3.4) 93.0 (1.2) 51.0 (0.3) 17 PLA (5)* 0.50 >99.98 (>3.7) 99.8 (2.6) 84.4 (0.8) 18 PLA 5 0.25 >99.98 (>3.7) 99.2 (2.6) 47 (0.3) 20 PLA 5 0.10 >99.98 (>3.6) 52.84 (0.3) 62.3 (0.4) 23 PLA 5 g 1 >99.98 (>3.7) 99.52 (2.3) 80 (0.7) 24 PLA 2.5 0.50 >99.98 (>3.7) 99.91 (3.0) 23.3 (0.1) 26 PLA 1.5 0.50 >99.98 (>3.7) 35.71 (0.2) 31.4 (0.2) -
- phr - parts by weight per 100 parts of polymer wt.,
- R - growth reduction factor for bacteria R,
- L - growth reduction factor for bacteria L,
- * - polycaprolactone diol PCL Capa™ 2054 (Perstorp) was used,
- ** - anhydrous copper silicate was used,
- a - a mixture of PP (HL 512 FB) and PLA (Ingeo 32510) in a weight ratio of 1:1 was used,
- b - a mixture of PP (HL 512 FB) and polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) in a weight ratio of 3: 1, was used,
- c - a mixture of PP (HL 512 FB) and concentrated polypropylene containing 10% by weight CuSiO3·xH2O (k-PP), in a weight ratio of 9:1 was used,
- d - a mixture of PP and polyethylene (with an average molecular weight of 35,000 g/mol) in a weight ratio of 9: 1 was used,
- e - paraffin oil was used,
- f - [(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate] Biomer (r) P209F was used as PHA,
- g - PEG PolikoI-400 was used.
-
- phr - parts by weight per 100 parts of polymer wt.,
- a - polycarbonate diol Desmophen C XP 2716 was used,
- b - PEG Polikol 300 was used,
- c - copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (Rokopol 30P10) was used,
- d - dioctyl phthalate (DOP) was used,
- e - PEG Polikol 200 was used,
- f - copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (ROKAmer 2950) was used,
- g - ethyl silicate 40 was used,
- h - oligo(dimethylsiloxanediol) Polastosil® M-200 was used,
- i-hydroxy ether polysiloxane graft copolymer - poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-[3-[2-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)propyl]methylsiloxane was used,
- j - epoxy resin Epidian 601 was used,
- k - paraffin oil was used,
- 1-polypropylene HL 512 FB was used.
-
- phr - parts by weight per 100 partsof polymer wt.,
- R -growth reduction factor for bacteriaR,
- L-growth reduction factor for bacteria L,
- 1-an addition of 0.15 phr of 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)(MBMTBP)was used,
- 2-an addition of 0.20 phr of 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) (MBETBP) was used.
- 3-an addition of 0.25phr of (MBMTBP) was used.
- 4-an addition of 0.20phr of (MBETBP) was used.
Chemical compositions of the remaining bioactive composite non-woven fabrics with PLA (or PP), containing Polikol 600-PEG (or other plasticizers), hydrous copper silicate CuSiO3·xH2O and antioxidants (Samples: 40-43) | ||
Sample No. | PEG (or other plasticizer) | CuSiO3·xH2O |
[phr] | [phr] | |
25 | 2.5 a | 0.5 |
27 | 10 | 1 |
28 | 5 b | 1 |
29 | 5 c | 1 |
30 | 5 d | 1 |
32 | 5 e | 1 |
33 | 5 f | 1 |
34 | 2.5 g | 0.5 |
35 | 15 | 1.5 |
36 | 5 h | 1 |
37 | 5 i | 1 |
38 | 5 j | 1 |
39 | 5 k | 1 |
Chemical compositions of the composite non-woven fabrics (with PP or PLA), containing Polikol 600-PEG and hydrous copper silicate CuSiO3·xH2O and the results of their microbiological tests. | ||||||
Sample No. | Polymer | PEG 600 | CuSiO3·xH2O | R[%] (L) Escherichia coli | R [%] (L) Staphylococcus aureus | R[%] (L) Candida albicans |
(ATCC 25922) | (ATCC 6538) | (ATCC 10321) | ||||
[phr] | [phr] | |||||
40 | PP 1 | 5 | 1 | 73,94 (0,5) | 82,53 (0,8) | 97,18 (1,7) |
41 | PLA 2 | 5 | 1 | >99,94 (>3,2) | 99,97 (3,6) | >99,74 (1,1) |
42 | PP 3 | 5 | 1 | 73,65 (0,5) | 82,36 (0,8) | 97,31 (1,7) |
43 | PLA 4 | 5 | 1 | >99,96 (>3,6) | 99,27 (2,3) | 90,8 (0,9) |
Claims (11)
- The method for biofunctionalization of textile materials by extrusion, wherein a polymer component is premixed with copper silicate, a plasticizer and an antioxidant, then heated to melt, after which the molten composition is subjected to pneumothermal extrusion of liquid-polymer composite in hot air stream, characterized in that the copper silicate is used in the form of a hydrate.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper silicate hydrate comprises 18.52 % by weight H2O.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper silicate hydrate is used in the amount of 0.1 - 4 % by weight.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper silicate is used in the form of a concentrate containing copper silicate hydrate with polymer in the amount of 1 - 25 % by weight.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer components used include polymers selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and its copolymers, polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyethylene and/or mixtures thereof.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasticizers have a liquid consistency.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasticizers used include compounds selected from the group consisting of oligomers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol oligomers glycerin esters, citric acid esters or tartaric acid esters, pentaerythritol esters, dialkyl diesters of phthalic acid, paraffin oil, epoxy resin, oligoesters of silicic acid, oligo(dimethylsiloxanediol), hydroxyalkyl or hydroxy ether derivatives of polysiloxanes, polycaprolactone, polycaprolactone diol or polycarbonate diol.
- The method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the plasticizer used is an ethylene glycol oligomer.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasticizers are used in the amount of 1.5 - 15 % by weight with respect to the mass of the polymer or the mass of polymer mixture, preferably 2.5 - 5 % by weight.
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the antioxidants used include derivatives of tert-butylphenol, preferably 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) or 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol).
- The method according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the antioxidants are used in the amount of 0.05 - 0.5 % by weight with respect to the mass of the polymer or the mass of polymer mixture, preferably 0.15 - 0.30 % by weight.
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