CN1186445A - 自动回撤的柱塞杆 - Google Patents

自动回撤的柱塞杆 Download PDF

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CN1186445A
CN1186445A CN96194376A CN96194376A CN1186445A CN 1186445 A CN1186445 A CN 1186445A CN 96194376 A CN96194376 A CN 96194376A CN 96194376 A CN96194376 A CN 96194376A CN 1186445 A CN1186445 A CN 1186445A
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syringe
lid
box
axle
plunger rod
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CN1124861C (zh
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拉尔斯·彼得·克里特摩斯
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Novo Nordisk AS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31533Dosing mechanisms, i.e. setting a dose
    • A61M5/31535Means improving security or handling thereof, e.g. blocking means, means preventing insufficient dosing, means allowing correction of overset dose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/24Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31565Administration mechanisms, i.e. constructional features, modes of administering a dose
    • A61M5/31576Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods
    • A61M5/31583Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on rotational translation, i.e. movement of piston rod is caused by relative rotation between the user activated actuator and the piston rod
    • A61M5/31586Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on rotational translation, i.e. movement of piston rod is caused by relative rotation between the user activated actuator and the piston rod performed by rotationally moving or pivoted actuator, e.g. an injection lever or handle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/24Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic
    • A61M2005/2403Ampoule inserted into the ampoule holder
    • A61M2005/2414Ampoule inserted into the ampoule holder from the side
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31511Piston or piston-rod constructions, e.g. connection of piston with piston-rod
    • A61M2005/31518Piston or piston-rod constructions, e.g. connection of piston with piston-rod designed to reduce the overall size of an injection device, e.g. using flexible or pivotally connected chain-like rod members
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31533Dosing mechanisms, i.e. setting a dose
    • A61M5/31535Means improving security or handling thereof, e.g. blocking means, means preventing insufficient dosing, means allowing correction of overset dose
    • A61M5/31543Means improving security or handling thereof, e.g. blocking means, means preventing insufficient dosing, means allowing correction of overset dose piston rod reset means, i.e. means for causing or facilitating retraction of piston rod to its starting position during cartridge change

Abstract

用来计量地注射来自可换盒中的药物的注射器,它包括具有盒架与计量机构的壳套,计量机构能调节剂量,随后注射器通过陆续地推进柱塞杆将柱塞压入上述盒中进行注射。计量机构包括螺纹轴和与此轴配合工作的螺母件,在设定剂量时,轴与螺母件作相对转动而使螺母件沿轴移动,螺母件在轴上的位置确定了活塞杆的推进程度。当计量机构不进行设定剂量的工作时,轴与螺母件便锁定其相对转动。

Description

自动回撤的柱塞杆
本发明涉及注射器,用来计量地注射来自一可换盒中的药物,这种盒具有一柱塞,能推入管盒中压出与柱塞运动量相应的一定剂量的药物,此注射器则有包括盒架与计量机构的壳套,此计量机构能调节剂量,然后此注射器通过陆续地推进柱塞杆将柱塞压入上述盒中而进行注射,所述计量机构则包括有螺纹轴和与此轴配合工作的螺母件,使得在设定一定剂量时,此轴与螺母件的相对转动将使螺母件沿此轴移动,而螺母件在轴上的位置便确定了注射杆在注射中推进了多远,当计量机构未用来设定剂量时,轴与螺母件的相对运动便被锁定,使螺母件保持其在轴上的位置。
为使注射器易于操作,操作装置的件数应该最少。理想上,操作装置只需包括设定剂量的装置和注射此设定的剂量的装置。已知一次性的注射器就只包括上述两种装置,但要是希望有不是在每次与针头或整体的管盒空竭时即将计量机构丢掉的注射器时,则该盒必须是可换的。由于这种盒在其空竭时定要更换,这就表明需要经常从事多于一次的操作。
上述希望本身原本不应比在前一个已用完时必须采用一个新的一次性注射器更为复杂。但是,可希望的这种注射器必须拧松分离才能与用过的盒相通,并在已插上新盒时把它们再次拧紧到一起。这表现为一种安装作业,必须小心不要在拧下注射器时损伤螺纹,而且在触觉式的传动功能减弱后难以进行旋拧操作。
另外,药剂是用柱塞从盒中压出的,而此柱塞又是由构成计量机构一部分的柱塞杆渐次推入管盒内的。当盒空竭时,柱塞杆突入到盒内几乎是它的全长。为了更换此盒,首先必须从空盒中撤出柱塞杆,然后需将此杆带回到它在剂量设定部中的初始位置。此后一项作业能在从注射器上撤下空盒后使锁定态变为松释态下完成,之后可将柱塞杆推回或拧回到它的初始位置。
尽管柱塞杆的回撤看来简单,但由于去推压原本应拧动的柱塞杆或去拧动原本应推压的柱塞杆的错误操作,而会出现损伤针头的主要风险。
本发明的目的之一即在于提供这样的注射器,其中的盒可以不必进行旋拧运动而加以更换,不必将注射器折开,也不必注意柱塞杆及其回撤。
上述目的已通过本说明书开始时述及的这种注射器实现,此注射器的特征在于,通过打开一个盖即可与盒架相通,此盖与壳套相连并同计量机构偶连成,使得当此盖打开时,螺母件便于轴上松释开其锁定的位置。
通过使螺母件的内螺纹与轴脱开或使螺母件与轴作自由相对转动,就能解开上述锁定。当这种锁定松释开之后,在注射期间业已在轴上移至对应于全推进的柱塞杆的位置的螺母件,便可以沿此轴返回到它对应于全回撤柱塞杆的位置。
根据本发明,上述盖的打开运动可进一步传到一柱塞杆回撤机构,使得在盖打开时,柱塞杆能从盒中自动回撤同时螺母件则移动到它的相应的初始位置。
此外,根据本发明,上述盖可以是一种能滑动的盖,而通过它沿注射器轴向的滑动,便得以与盒架相通,可将一柱塞杆回撤件刚性地连接到盖上,同时使其能与柱塞杆后端上的装置结合,以在盖沿注射器轴向滑动而提供主盒架的通道时,能把柱塞与螺母件拉回到初始位置。此活塞杆回撤件上可设有与计量机构结合的装置,以在盖为使与盒架相通进行的滑动运动的初始阶段中,松释开螺母件的锁定。这样,当此盖已滑动为盒架提供了通道时,此盒架便能备用于接纳一新盒。
但当盖只是部分地打开时,便立即会导致活塞杆的部分回撤,而要是盖在部分地打开而再次关闭时,便可能造成不精确的计量。于是,最好是提供一种掣子结构,它能防止盖在其并未完全打开时即闭合上,这是因为已习惯于在每次盖已打开来安装新盒时,必须是按相同方式将针头设置于备用状态的。
上述掣子机构可以包括在盖上的指形件,此指形件与注射器壳套上的轨道作弹性结合,此轨道包括第一与第二平行的槽,使得此指形件能在盖的打开运动中依循第一槽活动,而在盖的闭合运动中依循第二槽活动,且至少是此第一槽设有锯齿式掣子,限制盖指形件只能沿盖的打开方向运动。
在另一种实施形式中,掣子机构可包括有爪,此爪安装在与盖作刚性连接的一个部件上并设计成能与壳套中的线性齿列啮合,在齿列的各端设有凹座,这些凹座允许爪改变卡合方向。
在一种实施形式中,所述盖可以铰接到注射器壳套上,而盒架当其从壳套中摆出得以提供从盒架的前端来接近盒架的通道时,即依随此盖运动。在此实施例中,柱塞杆必须是在盒架相对于注射器的其余部分摆离其轴向之前从盒架撤出,或者必须使柱塞杆是挠性的而能让其随盒架偏转。在这种情形下,用过的盒便从盒架的端部上抽出,而让柱塞杆沿轴向进入盒架中,而使在轴上锁定就位的螺母件松释开。当把新盒从盒架的端部插入而以其柱塞处于最前面时,活塞杆将自动地被压回并在新盒插入后将螺母件带回到它们初始位置。由于柱塞杆是由盒架包围,就不会有使用者打算将柱塞杆拧回的风险。
下面将结合附图更详细地描述本发明,附图中:
图1示意地表明了本发明的注射器的横剖图,它的盖已闭合而盒也空竭,预备进行更换。
图2是图1这部分的缩小比例的三维视图;
图3是对应于图1的视图,其中的盖已部分打开;
图4是图3这部分的缩小比例的三维视图;
图5是与图1,与图3相对应的视图,其中的盖已完全打开;
图6是图5这部分缩小比例的三维视图;
图7示意地表明了与图1,3与5相对应的视图,其中的盖在新盒已装到注射器上后关闭上;而
图8是图7这部分缩小比例的三维视图。
此注射器包括壳套1,在其间隔中装有盒2,从此盒中可将药剂通过安装在其一端颈部3上的针头(未示明)送出。盒2的另一端则由柱塞4封闭,推迫柱塞4进入盒2中,药剂即可通过针头送出,柱塞4受到柱塞杆5的推迫,此柱塞杆具有抵靠到柱塞外端上的基座6。
在所示的实施例中,柱塞杆是挠性的且在盒的端部处作180°转向。这样就能把剂量设定装置设置于盒的邻边,而不是通常看到的处于盒的轴向延伸部上。
上述剂量设定装置在此示意地表示为一螺纹轴7,它可以通过转动在其一端上的旋钮来转动,轴7的另一端可旋转地导入柱塞杆中,柱塞杆是空心的,由紧绕成的螺旋件而沿其轴线留出一孔所成。当轴7绕螺母9转动时,由于此螺母9于壳套1中安装成不能相对于壳套转动但能沿其纵向移动,于是螺母9将沿轴7移动,当螺母9移到了柱塞杆5的转向端时,它就会对这一端于轴向上加压,而将此运动通过导入到壳套1的相应槽中柱塞杆的转向部,而传递给柱塞杆5的另一端,后者这时便驱使柱塞4进一步进入盒2中。与螺母9贴靠住的柱塞端上设有一直径大于柱塞杆5的直径的端罩10。
装设有盒2的间隔为盖11封闭,此盖可沿注射器的纵向滑动。
盖11与一连接部12连接,此连接部沿适当的导沟导入到壳套1中,以确保在朝向盒2针头端的方向中的前述纵向移动。连接部12在它与此针头端相对的端部上设有一承载部13,它垂直地延伸到连接部12,并以自由配合方式环绕到柱塞杆5的转向端上,允许柱塞杆5但不是其端罩10通过承载部13上的孔口。
当盒2如图1所示空竭时,它就必须由充满的一个更换。为此,在所示实施形式中,盖11便在注射器的远向即朝盒2的针头安装端的方向中滑动。对于注射器的其它实施形式例如传统的形式,它具有的盒与剂量设定部则相互沿轴向延伸部设定,这种注射器可相应地有一在注射器边向中滑动的盖。
当盖2移动而打开盒的收容间隔时,连接部12承载部13便夹住在柱塞杆的端罩10的后面,并牵拉此杆使其载有基座6的端部从盒2中拉出。当上述间隔完全打开时,柱塞杆5也将完全从此盒中抽出,然后将此盒卸下并更换以全满的新的一个而不会受到柱塞杆5的任何干扰。
但是必须采取措施以使承载部13能让螺母9沿轴7移动,这可以通过采用一种以可松释方式与轴7啮合的螺母来实现。例如,此螺母可以包括两个半件,它们除非是在外部压力下保持到一起时,可相互移离开而不与轴7结合。在所示意的图中,上述外部压力可通过将连接部12抵靠到螺母9的锁定部14上来提供。在所述盖与连接部的滑动运动的最初始部分中,在与此螺母9的锁定部14结合的表面中一凹座15便到达一与锁定部14平行的位置,结果松释开螺母9与轴7之间的啮合,而此螺母在柱塞杆5为承载部拉回时便可自由地沿轴7移动。
图3表明的是注射器的在隔间打开并于其中装置盒2时的状态。载承部13正将柱塞杆5自盒2拉出,并在同时使螺母9沿轴7于朝向旋钮8的方向移动,且完全同时地使盖11滑移到能在盒2的全长上能自由通达到所述间隔的位置上。
图5表明了盖11的这一全开位置。此时,可将空竭的盒取出再装上新盒,而不会为已完全从间隔中撤出并以其基座6形成此间隔的端壁的柱塞杆带来任何干扰。
在新盒已于此间隔中就位后,上述盖即滑回其关闭此间隔的位置。在盖11与其连接部12进行关闭运动时,承载部13便沿柱塞杆滑动,既不带动此杆,也不带动抵靠到活塞杆5的端罩10上的螺母9。在盖11关闭运动中的最早阶段连接部12表面上的凹座15使运动通过螺母9的锁定部14,而此锁定部这时便贴靠着上述表面的非下凹部分并保持螺母9与轴7上螺纹的啮合。按适当方向转动旋钮8,将使螺母9沿着朝柱塞杆5第一端的端罩10的方向运动,这样就迫使活塞杆5的第二端进到间隔中的盒2内,通过安装于此盒颈部3上未示明的针头将盒内所含液体推出。
当把新盒投入使用时,需将柱塞杆5借以影响柱塞4的基座6不变地贴靠着活塞4,直到已使用了盒内的装盛物而这个盒也准备要更换时。为了避免活塞杆的基座6因盖11部分打开然后再关闭而部分回撤,设置有机构来保证当此盖部分打开时,当它未首先是完全打开之前就不能关闭。这样就避免了无意识地作部分打开和再次关闭。
上述机构包括在壳套1中的齿列16,它同安装在连接部12上的爪17配合工作。当盖11开始打开时,爪17可沿此齿列卡合到这一打开运动的全过程,但要是打算使盖11沿关闭方向滑动时,爪17便将如图3所示制止这种运动。当盖11如图5所示完全打开时,爪17便来到了上述齿列的端部的凹座18处。此凹座将允许爪17改变其卡合方向,使得当开始关闭运动时,只在盖17业已完全关闭上后才能再开始新的打开运动,因为这时的爪17将阻止任何沿打开方向的运动,直至爪17如图1和7中所示进到此齿列另一端处的凹座19中而改变其方向为止。用一未示明的弹簧迫使爪11常取垂直于上述齿列的位置。
在上面的描述中,涉及的螺母与轴之间的啮合是作为可松释的情形来说明的。另一种能使螺母沿轴移动的方法是使前述螺纹具有这样的螺距,即使得它不是自锁式的,也就是使得当螺母受迫沿轴移动时,此轴将转动。此时必须通过一种能防止使用注射器时因不小心致轴转动的锁定机构,来提供在盖打开时能松释锁定的功能。
此外,上面是把盖11作为可滑动的部件来示明的。但当在盖的打开运动与将柱塞杆移出盒2的承载件的运动之间建立了适当的偶合关系时,也可以采用铰接式的盖。如已指出过的,这种注射器可以是具有按头尾相连方式定位的计量机构与盒的那种注射器。

Claims (9)

1.注射器,用来计量地注射来自一可换盒中的药物,这种盒具有一柱塞,能推入管盒中压出与柱塞运动量相应的一定剂量的药物,此注射器则有包括盒架与计量机构的壳套,此计量机构能调节剂量,然后此注射器通过陆续地推进活塞杆将柱塞压入上述盒中而进行注射,所述计量机构则包括有螺纹轴和与此轴配合工作的螺母件,使得在设定一定剂量时,此轴与螺母件的相对转动将使螺母件沿此轴移动,而螺母件在轴上的位置便确定了注射杆在注射中推进了多远,当计量机构未用来设定剂量时,轴与螺母件的相对运动便被锁定,使螺母件保持其在轴上的位置,特征在于,通过打开一个盖即可与所述盒架相通,此盖与壳套相连并同计量机构偶连成,使得当此盖打开时,前述螺母件便松释开其在轴上的锁定位置。
2.如权利要求1所述注射器,特征在于,所述盖的打开运动是传递给柱塞杆回撤机构。
3.如权利要求1或2所述注射器,特征在于,所述的盖是可滑动的杆,它通过沿注射器的轴向滑动而给前述盒架提供通道。
4.如权利要求3所述注射器,特征在于,设有与所述盖作刚性连接的柱塞杆回撤件,后者与注射杆后端上的装置相结合,以在盖沿注射器轴向滑动而给盒架提供通道时将柱塞杆拉回到计量机构内。
5.如权利要求4所述注射器,特征在于,所述柱塞杆回撤件设有与计量机构结合的装置,以在盖作滑动运动的初始阶段松释开螺母件的在轴上的锁定位置,而能通向盒架。
6.如权利要求4或5所述注射器,特征在于,所述盖设有掣子机构,能防止此盖在已完全打开之前即被关闭。
7.如权利要求6所述注射器,特征在于,上述掣子机构包括在前述盖上的指形件,此指形件与注射器壳套中的轨道作弹性结合,此轨道包括第一与第二相平行的槽,使得此指形件能在盖的打开运动中于第一槽中活动而在盖的关闭运动中于第二槽中活动,至少是在第一槽中没有锯齿形掣子,限制此指形件是能沿盖的打开方向运动。
8.如权利要求6所述注射器,特征在于所述掣子机构包括与盖作部分刚性连接并设计成能与壳套中的线性齿列相卡合的爪,在齿列的各端设有凹座可用来允许爪在其中改变卡合方向。
9.如权利要求1所述注射器,特征在于,所述的盖是铰接到注射器壳套上,而所述盒架当其从壳套中摆出得以提供从盒架的前端来接近盒架的通道时,即依随此盖运动。
CN96194376A 1995-06-02 1996-06-03 具有自动回撤的柱塞杆的注射器 Expired - Fee Related CN1124861C (zh)

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