CN103370116A - 防砂筛、可膨胀筛及其制造方法 - Google Patents

防砂筛、可膨胀筛及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103370116A
CN103370116A CN2012800091404A CN201280009140A CN103370116A CN 103370116 A CN103370116 A CN 103370116A CN 2012800091404 A CN2012800091404 A CN 2012800091404A CN 201280009140 A CN201280009140 A CN 201280009140A CN 103370116 A CN103370116 A CN 103370116A
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CN103370116B (zh
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R·V·格斯特
M·H·约翰逊
K·J·休伯
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/10—Filter screens essentially made of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/10—Filter screens essentially made of metal
    • B01D39/12—Filter screens essentially made of metal of wire gauze; of knitted wire; of expanded metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • B21F27/18—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of meshed work for filters or sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
    • B21F45/008—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of medical instruments, e.g. stents, corneal rings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
    • E21B43/108—Expandable screens or perforated liners

Abstract

一种可膨胀筛包括主体，该主体呈垫结构形式而由一个或更多个随机分布的丝状体构成，丝状体由形状记忆材料制成，主体在第一容积状态下是稳定的，一旦环境条件发生变化，该主体朝第二容积状态膨胀。

Description

防砂筛、可膨胀筛及其制造方法
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请请求享有美国专利申请No.13/029773的权益，该美国专利申请No.13/029773于2011年2月17日申请，该美国申请的全部内容组合在文中作为参考。
背景技术
从流动流体中过滤出污染物是流体输送系统中的常见操作。许多这样的系统使用筛作为过滤机构。让筛膨胀至完全填充共中心管件之间的环形空间是另一种常见的操作。这些系统中的一些使用压形装置来径向膨胀筛。尽管这种装置可达到其目的，但是具有局限性，包括，潜在的膨胀量有限、装置复杂且成本高昂、并且不能膨胀至填充不对称空间。因而，本领域的操作者需要能克服现有系统存在的这些和其他局限性的装置。
发明内容
文中公开了一种可膨胀筛。该可膨胀筛包括主体，该主体为垫结构，该主体由在该垫结构中随机分布的一个或更多个的丝状体构成，丝状体由形状记忆材料制成，主体在第一容积状态下是稳定的，一旦环境条件发生变化，主体就朝第二容积状态膨胀。
文中还公开了一种制造可膨胀筛的方法、该方法包括：挤制一个或更多个由形状记忆材料制成的丝状体；形成呈垫结构的主体，垫结构具有多个由一个或更多个丝状体构成的层，丝状体相互之间任意堆叠布置；压紧所述主体；以及冷却所述主体。
附图说明
下面的描述绝不应该认为是限制性的。请参照下面的附图，附图中的类似元件用类似标记表示，附图如下：
图1示出了文中公开的可膨胀筛的四分之一截面视图，该可膨胀筛用于防砂筛；以及
图2示出了图1的可膨胀筛的局部透视图，该可膨胀筛用于可选择的防砂筛。
具体实施方式
在此，下面将参照附图以示例方式而非限制方式详细描述一个或更多个公开的装置和方法。
参照图1，示出了文中公开的可膨胀筛的某实施例，该可膨胀筛整体用标记10表示。可膨胀筛10包括主体14，该主体为垫结构26的形式且具有一个或更多个分布该垫结构26中的丝状体18，丝状体由形状记忆材料22制成。主体14处于第一容积（如图1所示）状态时是稳定的，其可膨胀至第二容积状态下，第二容积比第一容积大。主体14的环境发生变化会引起其从第一容积状态变化到第二容积状态。在该实施例中，环境变化为温度增加。其他有效的变化可以是周围的流体、磁场或类似环境因素。
通过挤制由形状记忆材料22制成的丝状体18而使每个新的丝状体18任意布置在已经定位的丝状体18上，从而形成层30，这样的层30一层层叠置来形成垫结构26，以这种方式就形成了该实施例中示出的主体14。应该注意的是，使用术语“层30”不严格地解释为每个新的丝状体18覆盖在旧的丝状体18上，并未表明：每层30实际上是分离的，层30相互之间可确定界线。在挤制和垫结构形成过程中，无论各丝状体18在何处相互接触，如果挤压会导致丝状体18至少相互缠结以及可能间断地连接，那么丝状体18的温度升高。制造过程一完成，垫结构形式的主体14就为第二容积结构。主体14然后被压紧成第一容积结构，在这种状态下，该主体被冷却，从而将主体14形成为稳定的第一容积结构。可保持主体14处于第一容积的稳定状态下，直到主体14的温度被加热至使形状记忆材料发生形变为止，此时，主体14将朝第二容积状态改变。
在图1中，所示的可膨胀筛10的该实施例用于防砂筛36的场合，用于井底油气回收。主体14为圆柱形形状，其沿中心管34的径向外侧布置，中心管34具有贯通孔38，图中示出该中心管为穿孔管。主体14和中心管34被组装并布置在地层46的井眼42中。如图所示，主体14位于第一位置上，该位置也称之为下入位置，在该位置上，主体14的外表面50的径向尺寸小于井眼42的内表面54的径向尺寸。一旦主体14和中心管34构成的组件下入到井眼42中并定位在预定位置处，主体14就可被加热至达到一定温度，使形状记忆材料发生形变，从而使主体14朝第二容积状态膨胀。主体14如果与内表面54接触就会阻止主体14的容积继续膨胀，因此，主体14就不能达到第二容积状态。流体流经地层46，在流体流经所述孔38而进入中心管34的内侧58之前，流体被筛10过滤，在该过程中，这种接触会保持地层46的结构，并将对地层造成侵蚀减小到最小，因此，这种接触是有利的。
如该实施例所示，形状记忆材料22可以是金属，如镍钛合金，其是一种由镍和钛构成的等原子合金，用标记NiTi表示；在其他实施例中，形状记忆材料22可以是非金属，如聚合体。NiTi形状记忆金属合金可以以两种不同的与温度有关的晶体结构（相态）形式存在，即，所谓的马氏体（低温）结构和奥氏体（高温或母相）结构。奥氏体NiTi和马氏体NiTi的一些属性显著不同。当马氏体NiTi被加热时，其开始改变成奥氏体。这种现象开始发生时的温度称之为奥氏体初始温度(As)。这种现象结束时的温度称之为奥氏体终止温度(Af)。当奥氏体NiTi被冷却时，其开始改变成马氏体。这种现象开始发生时的温度称之为马氏体初始温度(Ms)。这种现象结束时的温度称之为马氏体终止温度(Mf)。
在该实施例中，所形成的处于第一容积状态下的主体14是奥氏体结构形式。然后主体14在低于Mf的温度下被变形成新的第二容积。处于该新的第二容积状态下的主体14所具有的尺寸使其与内表面54之间存在间隙，从而可下入到井眼42中。然后升高温度至高于转变温度(As)，接着主体开始朝所述第二容积状态膨胀。
筛10的过滤特性取决于几个因素，例如，丝状体18的尺寸、垫结构26的复杂性以及所配置的压紧程度。丝状体18的尺寸和垫结构26的复杂性在制造过程中都是可控制的。另外，当主体14处于第一容积结构时，根据内表面54的尺寸相对于中心管34以及布置在中心管34上的主体14的尺寸的关系，可估计所配置的压紧程度。
参照图2，用标记60示出了在此公开的防砂筛的替换实施例。由于防砂筛60的主体14沿单独的过滤元件62的径向外侧共中心地布置，因此，与防砂筛36相比，防砂筛60可另外控制最终的过滤属性。同样地，如果将过滤元件62的过滤属性设定为优于主体14的过滤属性，那么，主要根据过滤元件62的过滤属性来确定最终的过滤属性。另外，过滤元件62可由不膨胀的材料制成，从而可避免过滤属性发生改变，如果过滤元件62被构造成可膨胀，其膨胀就会引起过滤属性发生变化。
尽管已经参照典型实施例描述了本发明，但是，本领域的普通技术人员应该能理解，在不超出本发明的范围的情况下，可进行各种改进，本发明的各种元件可由等同元件替换。另外，在不脱离本发明的实质范围的情况下，根据本发明提供的相关技术知识，可进行许多改进以适于特定场合或材料。因而，本发明并不局限于作为实施本发明的最佳方式公开的特定实施例，本发明包括落入权利要求书范围内的所有实施例。另外，在附图和说明书中，已经公开了本发明的典型实施例，尽管使用了特定术语，但是，它们仅具有一般的描述性意义，并没有限制性目的，除非另有声明，因而，本发明的范围不受限制。并且，使用的术语“第一”、“第二”等并没有表示任何次序或重要性，使用这些术语仅用于将一个元件与另一个元件区分开。另外，使用的不定冠词并没有限制数量，而是表示具有至少一个其所修饰的元素。

Claims (19)

1.一种可膨胀筛，其包括主体，所述主体为垫结构形式而由一个或更多个随机分布的丝状体构成，丝状体由形状记忆材料制成，所述主体在第一容积状态下是稳定的，一旦环境条件发生变化，主体就朝第二容积状态膨胀。
2.根据权利要求1的可膨胀筛，其中，环境条件变化为温度变化。
3.根据权利要求2的可膨胀筛，其中，形状记忆材料为金属。
4.根据权利要求2的可膨胀筛，其中，形状记忆材料为镍钛合金。
5.根据权利要求4的可膨胀筛，其中，在第一容积状态下，镍钛合金具有马氏体结构。
6.根据权利要求4的可膨胀筛，其中，在第二容积状态下，镍钛合金具有奥氏体结构。
7.根据权利要求1的可膨胀筛，其中，所述主体为管件。
8.根据权利要求1的可膨胀筛，其中，所述主体对穿过其中的流体进行过滤。
9.根据权利要求1的可膨胀筛，其中，所述主体被构造成当主体朝第二容积状态膨胀时填充环形空间。
10.根据权利要求1的可膨胀筛，其中，在温度低于形状记忆材料膨胀时的温度下，主体被压紧至达到第一容积状态。
11.根据权利要求2的可膨胀筛，其中，形状记忆材料是形状记忆聚合物。
12.一种防砂筛装置，其包括：
管件；以及
根据权利要求1的主体，该主体能够操作地与所述管件相连通，所述主体沿管件径向布置。
13.根据权利要求12的防砂筛，其中，所述管件是穿孔的。
14.根据权利要求13的防砂筛，还包括过滤元件，其沿所述主体径向布置。
15.根据权利要求14的防砂筛，其中，过滤元件被构造成不膨胀。
16.根据权利要求14的防砂筛，其中，过滤元件的过滤属性优于所述主体。
17.一种制造可膨胀筛的方法，包括：
挤制一个或更多个由形状记忆材料制成的丝状体；
形成具有垫结构的主体，垫结构具有多个由一个或更多个丝状体构成的层，丝状体相互之间任意堆叠布置；
压紧所述主体；以及
冷却所述主体。
18.根据权利要求17的制造可膨胀筛的方法，还包括：在形成所述主体的过程中，将一个或更多个丝状体连接到其他的一个或更多个丝状体上。
19.根据权利要求17的制造可膨胀筛的方法，其中，在丝状体温度低于形状记忆材料的激活温度时，进行压紧。
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GB2501424B (en) 2017-11-15
US20120211223A1 (en) 2012-08-23
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