CN103200882A - 紧急自固位缝合线和包装 - Google Patents

紧急自固位缝合线和包装 Download PDF

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CN103200882A
CN103200882A CN201180053983XA CN201180053983A CN103200882A CN 103200882 A CN103200882 A CN 103200882A CN 201180053983X A CN201180053983X A CN 201180053983XA CN 201180053983 A CN201180053983 A CN 201180053983A CN 103200882 A CN103200882 A CN 103200882A
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stitching thread
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W.L.德阿戈斯蒂诺
M.默克尔
R.鲍塞尔
M.霍伊特
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Angiotech Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了可移除的自固位缝合线系统及其在紧急状况下的使用方法。所述系统包括抓握接合元件以及一个或多个自固位缝合线节段。所述系统可用于创伤受害者的临时伤口闭合,并且在受害者获得合适的医疗照顾的情况下可被容易地移除。

Description

紧急自固位缝合线和包装
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求2010年11月9日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/411,918以及2010年11月10日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/412,389的优先权,所述临时申请全文以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明整体涉及用于外科手术的细丝、制造用于外科手术的细丝的方法以及它们的使用。
背景技术
诸如缝合线、缝钉和平头钉之类的伤口闭合装置已被广泛用于人体和动物的浅表部和深部外科手术中,用于诸如闭合伤口、修复跌打损伤或缺损、将组织接合在一起(将已切断的组织拉近、闭合解剖空间、将单个或多个组织层附连在一起、在两个中空/管腔结构之间形成吻合、毗连组织、将组织附接或重新附接至其适当的解剖位置)、将外来元件附接至组织(附连医疗植入物、装置、假体和其它功能性或支撑性装置)以及将组织重新定位到新解剖位置(修复、组织抬升、组织移植以及相关性手术)等。
缝合线通常用作伤口闭合装置。缝合线通常由附接到具有尖点的针的丝状缝合线构成。缝合线可由多种材料制成,所述材料包括生物吸收性(即,在体内随时间推移而完全分解)或非吸收性(永久性的;非降解性的)材料。已经发现的是,吸收性缝合线尤其可用于下述情况中:拆线可危害修复或者在伤口愈合已完成之后自然愈合过程使得由缝合线提供的支撑成为非必须的;如例如在完成不复杂的皮肤缝合中。非降解性(非吸收性)缝合线用于下述伤口中:愈合可能预期会扩张或者缝合线材料需要为伤口提供长时间的物理支撑;如在例如深部组织修复、高张力伤口、多种整形外科修复、以及一些类型的外科吻合中。另外,可获得多种外科针,并且针本体的形状和尺寸以及针末端的构型通常基于特定应用的需要进行选择。
为了使用普通缝合线,将缝合针在伤口的一侧推进穿过所需组织并且随后穿过伤口的相邻侧。然后使缝合线形成“环”以将伤口保持为闭合的,所述“环”是通过在缝合线中打结实现的。打结需要时间并且导致一系列并发症,包括但不限于(i)泌液(其中缝合线,通常为结,在皮下闭合之后穿过皮肤的症状)、(ii)感染(细菌通常能够在由结产生的空间内附接和生长)、(iii)团块/肿块(留在伤口中的显著量的缝合线材料为包括结的部分)、(iv)滑脱(结可滑动或变为松开的)和(v)发炎(结充当伤口中的团块“异物”)。与打结相关的缝合线环可导致局部缺血(结可产生张力点,所述张力点可压缩组织并限制到达该区域的血流)并且可导致增加外科伤口处裂开和破裂的风险。打结还为劳动密集型的并且可占用在闭合外科伤口中所花费的时间中的显著百分比。附加的手术操作时间不仅对患者有害(并发症发生率随麻醉下花费的时间而增加),而且还增加手术的整体成本(多种外科手术据估计每分钟手术时间花费$15至$30)。
自固位缝合线(包括倒钩缝合线)不同于常规缝合线,因为自固位缝合线具有多个组织保持器(例如倒钩),所述组织保持器将自固位缝合线在部署之后锚固到组织内并且阻止缝合线沿与保持器所面向方向相反的方向运动,由此消除打结以将相邻组织附连在一起的需要(“无结”闭合)。具有倒钩的无结组织拉近装置先前已在例如美国专利No.5,374,268中有所描述,该专利公开了具有倒钩状突出部的带臂锚定件,而具有倒钩侧向构件的缝合线组件已在美国专利No.5,584,859和No.6,264,675中有所描述。具有沿缝合线的较大部分定位的多个倒钩的缝合线描述于美国专利No.5,931,855,其公开了单向倒钩缝合线,以及美国专利No.6,241,747,其公开了双向倒钩缝合线。用于在缝合线上形成倒钩的方法和设备已在例如美国专利No.6,848,152中有所描述。用于伤口闭合的自固位系统还产生较好的伤口边缘拉近、均匀地分布沿伤口长度的张力(减少可断裂或导致缺血的张力面积)、减小保留在伤口中的缝合线材料的团块(通过消除结)以及减少泌液(缝合线材料,通常为结,挤出穿过皮肤表面)。相对于使用普通缝合线或缝钉的伤口闭合而言,这些特征中的全部据认为减少结疤、改善美容效果、以及增加伤口强度。因此,由于自固位缝合线无需打结,则此类缝合线允许患者体验改善的临床结果,并且还节约与长期手术和后续治疗相关的时间和成本。应当指出,在整个说明书中标识的所有专利、专利申请和专利出版物均全文以引用方式并入本文中。
自固位缝合线的下述能力为相比于普通缝合线也提供优越性的特征,即甚至在不存在由结施加至缝合线的张力的情况下将组织锚固并保持固定。当闭合处于张力下的伤口时,此优点自身以多种方式表现出来:(i)自固位缝合线具有多个保持器,由此相比于将张力集中在分立点的带结间断式缝合线而言可分散沿缝合线的整个长度的张力(通过提供数百个“锚固”点来产生优异的美容效果并且降低缝合线将“滑脱”或拉出的机率);(ii)可按照均一的方式闭合复杂的伤口几何形状(圆形、弧形、锯齿边缘)并且可实现比间断式缝合线更高的精确度和准确度;(iii)自固位缝合线无需“第三手”,而在常规的缝合和打结过程中通常需要“第三手”来保持整个伤口上的张力(以防止在打结期间短暂释放张力时的“滑脱”);(iv)自固位缝合线在其中在技术上难以打结的手术(例如在深部伤口或腹腔镜式/内窥镜式手术)中为优越的;以及(v)自固位缝合线可用于在最终闭合之前拉近和保持伤口。因此,自固位缝合线在解剖学上紧密或深部的位置(例如骨盆、腹部和胸腔)中提供较容易的处理并且使得较易于在腹腔镜式/内窥镜式和微创手术中拉近组织;这些操作均不必通过结来固定闭合。较高的精确度允许自固位缝合线用于比利用普通缝合线可实现的更复杂的闭合(例如,具有直径失配、较大缺损、或缩拢线缝合的那些)。
当外科条件亚最佳时,自固位缝合线更能够提供较大精度和节省时间的优点。在武装冲突、自然灾害区、恐怖袭击地点和其它紧急状况中,利用自固位缝合线比利用其常规的对应部件能够更加快速地、容易地且有效地实现伤口闭合(和附近其它组织),从而能够救助更多的生命。消除打结的需要将不仅使得现场急救员能够更加快速地闭合伤口,而且还允许护士、外科医生或其他医疗创伤人员能够更加快速地移除临时或紧急闭合件,以便处理创伤受害者。
例如,为了处理战场上受伤的战士,军医必须迅速闭合外部伤口,并且将受伤的患者快速地运送到最近的战地医院。然后,在战地医院,医疗人员必须从伤口移除缝合线并且开始外科手术。由自固位缝合线形成的无打结伤口闭合对于战场中的快速闭合提供显著的优点。同样,通过定位双向缝合线的过渡节段、将其切断、然后通过每个节段的远端或部署端部拉出剩下的缝合线节段,可从组织容易地且快速地移除自固位缝合线。(类似地,在单向缝合线的情况下,可切断锚固件,并且通过其部署端部将缝合线节段从组织拉出)。考虑到战争余波的时间限制,其中多个创伤受害者将同时进行治疗,在某些时候亚最佳外科条件下,以及战斗中受伤的伤口所持续的伤口的潜在复杂特性,伤口闭合中自固位缝合线的过渡点的快速识别可能是困难的。
自固位缝合线可为单向的,从而沿缝合线的长度具有沿一个方向取向的一个或多个保持器;或双向的,从而通常沿线的一部分具有沿一个方向取向的一个或多个保持器、接着在线的不同部分上具有沿另一个(通常相反的)方向取向的一个或多个保持器(如结合美国专利No.5,931,855和No.6,241,747中的倒钩保持器所述)。尽管任何数量的接续或间断构型的保持器都是可能的,但是通常形式的双向自固位缝合线包括在缝合线一个端部处的针,该端部具有倒钩,该倒钩具有的末端突出“离开”缝合线部署端部(该部署端部自身足够尖或者可具有附接到其上的针),直至到达缝合线的过渡部分;在过渡部分处,倒钩的构型在附接到相对端(因而在缝合线的该部分上的倒钩也具有突出离开最近的针的尖端)的第二针之前,沿缝合线的剩余长度自身翻转约180度(使得倒钩当前面向相反方向)。突出“离开”针是指倒钩的尖端更远离针并且包括倒钩的缝合线的部分可沿针的方向而不是沿相对方向更容易地拉动并穿过组织。换句话讲,普通双向自固位缝合线的两个“半部”上的倒钩均具有指向中点的尖端,其中过渡区段(不含倒钩)被夹置在两个“半部”之间并且缝合针附接到任一端部。
发明内容
考虑到自固位缝合线的优点,期望的是提供用于紧急状况的改进的自固位缝合线和方法,以用于亚最佳外科条件下的伤口闭合以及组织拉近,例如在武装冲突和自然灾害地区中。
根据一个方面,本发明提供双向自固位缝合线,其具有抓握接合元件,以方便缝合线部署和后续的移除。
根据另一个方面,本发明提供单向自固位缝合线,其具有抓握接合元件,以方便缝合线部署和后续的移除。
根据另一个方面,本发明提供多向自固位缝合线,其具有抓握接合元件,以方便缝合线部署和后续的移除。
根据另一个方面,本发明提供部署和后续移除具有抓握接合元件的自固位缝合线的方法。
根据另一个方面,本发明提供具有可拆卸抓握接合元件的自固位缝合线。
以下是本发明的示例性实施例。
实施例1:一种可移除的双向自固位缝合线,该缝合线包括:
a.第一端部、第二端部和周边;
b.多个保持器,在缝合线的第一端部与缝合线上的第一轴向位置之间处于缝合线的第一部分上的保持器用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且在缝合线的第二端部与缝合线上的第二轴向位置之间处于缝合线的第二部分上的保持器允许缝合线沿着第二端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线沿着与第二端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织;和
c.抓握接合元件,该抓握接合元件处于第一轴向位置与第二轴向位置之间。
实施例2:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件包括套环。
实施例3:根据实施例2所述的缝合线,其中套环是不连续的。
实施例4:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件包括插片。
实施例5:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件包括缝合线节段,该缝合线节段在其每个端部处具有止挡件,用于防止所述缝合线节段进入组织中。
实施例6:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件包含与缝合线的其余部分不同的颜色。
实施例7:根据实施例6所述的缝合线,其中缝合线还包括处于抓握接合元件与第一轴向位置和第二轴向位置之间的脆弱部分,用于方便从缝合线移除抓握接合元件。
实施例8:根据实施例6所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件还包括增强的夹持表面。
实施例9:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件具有的周边大于缝合线的周边。
实施例10:根据实施例9所述的缝合线,其中缝合线还包括处于抓握接合元件与第一轴向位置和第二轴向位置之间的脆弱部分,用于方便从缝合线移除抓握接合元件。
实施例11:根据实施例9所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件还包括增强的夹持表面。
实施例12:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件还包括增强的夹持表面。
实施例13:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中缝合线还包括处于抓握接合元件与第一轴向位置和第二轴向位置之间的脆弱部分,用于方便从缝合线移除抓握接合元件。
实施例14:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,还包括连接抓握接合元件和缝合线的可拆卸连接器。
实施例15:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件为至少部分柔性的。
实施例16:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件为至少部分刚性的。
实施例17:根据实施例1所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件包含与缝合线的其余部分不同的材料。
实施例18:根据实施例2所述的缝合线,其中套环的构型选自包括圆形、椭圆形和多边形的类别。
实施例19:一种可移除的多向自固位系统,包括:
a.抓握接合元件;
b.至少三个缝合线节段,每个缝合线节段具有处于缝合线节段的第一端部与缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线节段沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且每个缝合线节段的第二端部附接到抓握接合元件。
实施例20:根据实施例19所述的系统,其中抓握接合元件包括套环。
实施例21:根据实施例20所述的系统,其中套环是不连续的。
实施例22:根据实施例19所述的系统,其中抓握接合元件包括插片。
实施例23:根据实施例19所述的系统,其中抓握接合元件包括缝合线节段,该缝合线节段在其每个端部处具有止挡件,用于防止所述缝合线节段进入组织中。
实施例24:根据实施例20所述的系统,其中套环是圆形的。
实施例25:根据实施例20所述的系统,其中套环是椭圆形的。
实施例26:根据实施例20所述的系统,其中套环是多边形的。
实施例27:一种紧急伤口闭合的方法,包括:
a.提供双向自固位缝合线,其具有多个保持器,在缝合线的第一端部与缝合线上的第一轴向位置之间处于缝合线的第一部分上的保持器用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且在缝合线的第二端部与缝合线上的第二轴向位置之间处于缝合线的第二部分上的保持器允许缝合线沿着第二端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线沿着与第二端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织;
b.在伤口的第一端部与第二端部之间的第一插入点处将缝合线的第一端部插入组织中;
c.沿着第一部署路径将缝合线的第一端部朝向伤口的第一端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第一离开点;
d.在伤口的第一端部与第二端部之间的第二插入点处将缝合线的第二端部插入组织中,从而使缝合线的一部分处于第一插入点与第二插入点之间;
e.沿着第二部署路径将缝合线的第二端部朝向伤口的第二端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第二离开点;以及
f.沿着第一插入点与第二插入点之间的部分切断缝合线,用于在提供永久处理之前从伤口移除缝合线。
实施例28:根据实施例27所述的方法,其中在将缝合线的第一端部拉向伤口的第一端部的步骤之前执行将缝合线的第二端部插入组织中的步骤。
实施例29:一种紧急伤口闭合的方法,包括:
a.提供单向自固位缝合线,该缝合线具有处于缝合线的第一端部与第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且提供在缝合线的第二端部处的抓握接合元件;
b.将抓握接合元件至少部分地定位在伤口外侧;
c.在伤口处将缝合线的第一端部在插入点处插入组织中;以及
d.沿着部署路径将缝合线的第一端部朝向伤口的端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至组织外侧的离开点。
实施例30:根据实施例29所述的方法,其中单向缝合线还包括邻近抓握接合元件的脆弱部分。
实施例31:一种紧急伤口闭合的方法,包括:
a.提供多向自固位系统,该系统具有抓握接合元件和至少两个缝合线节段,每个缝合线节段具有处于缝合线节段的第一端部与缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线节段沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且每个缝合线节段的第二端部附接到抓握接合元件;
b.将抓握接合元件至少部分地定位在伤口外侧;
c.在伤口处将第一缝合线节段的第一端部在第一插入点处插入组织中;
d.沿着第一部署路径将第一缝合线节段的第一端部朝向伤口的第一端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第一离开点;
e.在邻近第一插入点的第二插入点处将第二缝合线节段的第一端部插入组织中;以及
f.沿着第二部署路径将第二缝合线节段的第一端部朝向伤口的第二端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第二离开点。
实施例32:根据实施例31所述的方法,其中自固位系统包括至少第三缝合线节段,其具有处于缝合线节段的第一端部与缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线节段沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,第三缝合线节段的第二端部附接到抓握接合元件。实施例33:根据实施例32所述的方法,还包括:在邻近第一插入点和第二插入点中的至少一者的第三插入点处将第三缝合线节段的第一端部插入组织中,以及沿着第三部署路径将第三缝合线节段的第一端部朝向伤口的第三端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第三离开点。实施例34:根据实施例312所述的方法,其中抓握接合元件包括缝合线节段之间的连接部。
实施例35:一种实现星状伤口的紧急闭合的方法,该星状伤口具有至少三个组织顶点,该方法包括:
a.提供多向自固位系统,该系统具有抓握接合元件和至少三个缝合线节段,每个缝合线节段具有处于缝合线节段的第一端部与缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线节段沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且每个缝合线节段的第二端部附接到抓握接合元件;
b.将抓握接合元件定位成邻近组织顶点;
c.将第一缝合线节段的第一端部插入第一组织顶点中并且将第一缝合线节段的第一端部从组织拉出;
d.将第二缝合线节段的第一端部插入第二组织顶点中并且将第二缝合线节段的第一端部从组织拉出;以及
e.在第三组织顶点处将第三缝合线节段的第一端部插入组织中并且将第三缝合线节段的第一端部从组织拉出。
实施例36:一种从组织移除紧急自固位缝合线的方法,该缝合线具有至少一个自固位缝合线节段,该缝合线节段具有第一端部和第二端部,该第一端部连接到抓握接合元件,该方法包括:
a.从缝合线节段将抓握接合元件切断;以及
b.通过缝合线节段的第二端部将缝合线节段从组织拉出。
实施例37:一种包装件,其用于保持具有抓握接合元件的缝合线装置,该抓握接合元件附接到具有远端的至少一个缝合线节段,该包装件包括
a.基部,其具有至少一个表面;和
b.节段夹持器,其用于将缝合线节段可释放地固定到基部;和
c.抓握接合元件夹持器,其用于将抓握接合元件可释放地固定到基部。
实施例38:根据实施例37所述的包装件,其中节段夹持器和抓握接合元件夹持器被定位成将节段和抓握接合元件隔开。
实施例39:根据实施例37所述的包装件,还包括附加的节段夹持器。
实施例40:根据实施例39所述的包装件,其中附加的节段夹持器适于将附加的节段与节段和抓握接合元件隔开。
实施例41:根据实施例37所述的包装件,其中抓握接合元件夹持器适于当将抓握接合元件固定到基部时在抓握接合元件处或附近接触该装置。
实施例42:根据实施例37或38所述的包装件,其中节段夹持器适于当将节段固定到基部时在节段远端处或附近接触该装置。
实施例43:根据实施例37或38所述的包装件,其中至少一个夹持器包括多个区段。
实施例44:根据实施例37或38所述的包装件,其中至少一个夹持器能够从包装件移除。
实施例45:根据实施例37或38所述的包装件,还包括节段导向件,用于定位至少一个缝合线节段的一部分。
实施例46:根据实施例37所述的包装件,其中节段夹持器为停针件。
实施例47:根据实施例37所述的包装件,还包括外壳。
实施例48:根据实施例47所述的包装件,其中外壳适于保持针驱动器和剪刀中的至少一者。
实施例49:一种创伤套件,包括:
d.外壳;
e.缝合线包装件,其包含具有抓握接合元件的自固位缝合线,该抓握接合元件附接到至少一个缝合线节段。
实施例50:根据实施例49所述的套件,还包括针驱动器和剪刀中的至少一者。
实施例51:一种可移除的双向自固位缝合线,该缝合线包括:
a.缝合线本体,其具有第一端部、第二端部和周边;
b.多个保持器,在缝合线的第一端部与缝合线上的第一轴向位置之间处于缝合线的第一部分上的保持器用于允许缝合线沿着第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线沿着与第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且在缝合线的第二端部与缝合线上的第二轴向位置之间处于缝合线的第二部分上的保持器允许缝合线沿着第二端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线沿着与第二端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织;和
c.抓握接合元件,其处于第一轴向位置与第二轴向位置之间,该抓握接合元件具有至少两个孔,缝合线本体通过该孔螺纹连接在第一轴向位置与第二轴向位置之间。
实施例52:根据实施例51所述的缝合线,其中抓握接合元件的至少一个孔包括锋利边缘。
在以下的描述中示出了一个或多个实施例的详细内容。通过说明书、附图和权利要求书,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将显而易见。此外,本文引用的所有专利和专利申请的公开内容均全文以引用方式并入。
附图说明
根据附图和以下各种实施例的详细说明,本发明的特征、其本质和各种优点将显而易见。
图1为根据本发明的实施例的紧急双向缝合线的视图,该缝合线具有闭环抓握接合元件。
图2为根据本发明的另一个实施例的紧急双向缝合线的视图,该缝合线具有闭环抓握接合元件。
图3为根据本发明的另一个实施例的紧急双向缝合线的视图,该缝合线具有突出抓握接合元件。
图4为根据本发明的另一个实施例的紧急双向缝合线的视图,该缝合线具有开放多边形抓握接合元件。
图5为根据本发明的另一个实施例的紧急双向缝合线的视图,该缝合线具有开环抓握接合元件。
图6为根据本发明的另一个实施例的紧急双向缝合线的视图,该抓握接合元件包括组织止挡件。
图7为根据本发明的另一个实施例的紧急双向缝合线的视图,包括可拆卸抓握接合元件。
图8a和8b为使用根据本发明的实施例的紧急双向缝合线的透视图。
图9为使用根据本发明的实施例的紧急双向缝合线的透视图。
图10为根据本发明的实施例的紧急单向缝合线的视图。
图11为根据本发明的实施例的紧急多向缝合线的视图。
图12为根据本发明的实施例的紧急多向缝合线的视图。
图13为使用根据本发明的实施例的紧急多向缝合线的视图。
图14A、14B和15为根据本发明的紧急部署缝合线的视图,其中缝合线显示为处于用于缝合线的可选包装材料的内容物中,其中图14B为图14A所示的缝合线的一部分的放大视图。
图16为本发明的包装的视图,其可用于存储和运输紧急部署缝合线。
图17为本发明的包装的视图,其可用于存储和运输紧急部署缝合线。
图18为本发明的包装的视图,其可用于存储和运输紧急部署缝合线。
图19为本发明的包装的视图,其可用于存储和运输紧急部署缝合线。
图20为本发明的包装的视图,其可用于存储和运输紧急部署缝合线。
图22为本发明的包装的视图,其可用于存储和运输紧急部署缝合线和辅助材料。
具体实施方式
定义
可在下文中使用的某些术语的定义包括如下。
“自固位系统”是指自固位缝合线连同用于将缝合线部署到组织内的装置。这种部署装置包括但不限于用于穿透组织的缝合针和其它部署装置以及缝合线自身上的足够刚性和尖锐的端部。
“自固位缝合线”是指下述缝合线,包括位于缝合细丝上的用于接合组织的结构,而无需结或缝合线锚定件。
“组织保持器”(或简称“保持器”)或“倒钩”是指缝合细丝的下述物理结构,所述物理结构适于机械性地接合组织并且阻止缝合线沿至少一个轴向的运动,并且优选地防止此类运动。仅以举例的方式,一个或多个组织保持器可包括吊钩、突出部、倒钩、缝摺、延伸部、凸出物、锚定件、隆起物、刺、凸耳、尖点、齿、组织衔接体、牵引装置、表面粗糙体、表面不规则体、表面缺陷、边缘、小平面等。在某些构型中,组织保持器通过被定向为基本上面向部署方向而能够接合组织以阻止缝合线沿下述方向的运动,所述方向不同于医生将缝合线部署到组织内的方向。在一些实施例中,保持器在沿部署方向进行牵拉时为平坦设置的并且在沿与部署方向相反的方向进行牵拉时打开或“扇形张开”。当每个保持器的组织穿透端在部署期间背向部署方向运动穿过组织时,组织保持器不应在此阶段捕获或抓取组织。一旦自固位缝合线已得到部署时,沿另一个方向(通常基本上与部署方向相反)施加的力就使得保持器从部署位置(即,基本上沿缝合线本体放置)移位、促使保持器末端以捕获且穿透到周围组织内的方式从缝合线本体打开(或“张开”)、并且使得组织被捕获在保持器与缝合线本体之间;由此将自固位缝合线“锚固”或保持固定。在一个实施例中,本文所述的紧急缝合线由细丝的一个或多个节段制备而成,每个节段具有多个切割部,即利用刀片或激光器或其它合适的切割仪器在细丝中形成切割部,并且这些切割部形成并提供能够从细丝扇形张开的保持器。以这种方式形成的保持器是有利的,原因在于当节段被牵拉穿过组织时,保持器可缩回到细丝的本体中,从而几乎不起作用,并且优选地当缝合线节段被部署到伤口或其它需要缝合线的区域中时不阻碍缝合线节段运动穿过组织。在细丝中形成的切割部优选地不太深,以便最小化由于切割部的存在所引起的细丝拉伸强度的降低,其中在本发明的不同的可选实施例中提供小于细丝的横截面距离的约5%,或者小于约10%、15%、20%或25%的切割深度,其中5-25%或5-20%或5-15%为本发明的可选实施例中存在的范围。通过切割细丝形成的保持器将具有顶侧和下侧,该顶侧由细丝的外表面构成,该下侧由切割部形成并且包含形成细丝内侧的材料。在本发明的多个可选实施例中,特定的切割部可形成具有设置在单个平面中的下侧的保持器,即该切割部可为单个笔直切割部,或者切割部可形成具有设置在两个平面中的下侧的保持器,即该切割部可跟随第一轨线第一距离,然后跟随第二轨线第二距离。具有设置在两个不同平面中的下侧的保持器可能是有利的,其中第一平面切割到细丝中且朝向细丝的中心,通常伴随有沿着细丝纵向轴线的某些切割,以有效地形成切割深度,同时后续的第二平面沿着细丝的纵向轴线行进,但是几乎没有或没有朝向细丝中心的运动,以有效地形成保持器长度。当具有多个切割部的细丝用来提供包括保持器的节段时,保持器的下侧将沿着基线连接到细丝,其中该基线可为笔直的或者可为弓形的。弓形基线在帮助保持器“张开”方面可能是有利的。在某些其它实施例中,组织保持器可被构造成允许缝合线沿一个方向运动并阻止缝合线沿没有张开或部署的另一个方向运动。在某些其它构型中,组织保持器可结合其它组织保持器进行构造或组合以阻止缝合细丝沿两个方向的运动。通常,将具有这些保持器的缝合线部署穿过诸如套管之类的装置,由此避免保持器和组织间的接触直至缝合线处于期望位置。
“保持器构型”是指组织保持器的构型并且可包括如下特征,例如尺寸、形状、柔韧性、表面特性等。这些构型有时也称为“倒钩构型”。
“过渡节段”或“过渡部分”是指位于沿一个方向定向的第一组保持器(倒钩)以及沿另一个方向定向的第二组保持器(倒钩)之间的双向缝合线的不含保持器(不含倒钩)部分。过渡区段可位于自固位缝合线的中点附近、或者较靠近自固位缝合线的一端以形成非对称自固位缝合线系统。
“缝合线”是指缝合线的细丝本体组件。缝合线可为单丝的或者包括多丝(如在编织缝合线中)。缝合线可由任何合适的生物相容性材料制成,并且可利用任何合适的生物相容性材料进行进一步的处理,以增强缝合线的强度、弹性、寿命或其它特性,或者用于配置缝合线,以便除了将组织接合在一起、重新设置组织或将外来元件附接至组织之外,还实现附加功能。
“单丝缝合线”是指包括单丝缝合线的缝合线。
“编织缝合线”是指包括多丝缝合线的缝合线。这种缝合线中的丝线通常编织、拧绕、或针织在一起。
“降解性缝合线”(也称为“生物降解性缝合线”或“吸收性缝合线”)是指在引入组织内之后被身体分解或吸收的缝合线。通常,降解过程至少部分地由生物体系介导或者在生物体系内进行。“降解”是指聚合物链裂解成低聚物或单体的断链过程。断链可通过多种机制进行,所述机制包括例如通过化学反应(例如,水解、氧化/还原、酶机制、或这些机制的组合)或者通过热方法或光解方法。聚合物降解可例如利用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)来表征,所述凝胶渗透色谱法监测溶蚀和分解过程中的聚合物分子量变化。降解性缝合线材料可包括诸如聚乙醇酸之类的聚合物,乙交酯和丙交酯的共聚物,三亚甲基碳酸酯和乙交酯与二甘醇的共聚物(例如,Tyco Healthcare Group的MAXONTM),由乙交酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、和二氧环己酮构成的三元共聚物(例如,Tyco Healthcare Group的BIOSYNTM[乙交酯(60%)、三亚甲基碳酸酯(26%)和二氧环己酮(14%)]),乙交酯、己内酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯和丙交酯的共聚物(例如,Tyco Healthcare Group的CAPROSYNTM)。溶解性缝合线还可包括部分脱乙酰的聚乙烯醇。适用于降解性缝合线的聚合物可为直链聚合物、支链聚合物、或多轴聚合物。用于缝合线中的多轴聚合物的例子在美国专利申请公开No.20020161168、No.20040024169和No.20040116620中有所描述。由降解性缝合线材料制成的缝合线在该材料降解时会损耗拉伸强度。降解性缝合线可呈编织多丝形式或单丝形式。
“非降解性缝合线”(也称为“非吸收性缝合线”)是指包含下述材料的缝合线,所述材料为通过断链,例如化学反应方法(例如,水解、氧化/还原、酶机制、或这些机制的组合)或者通过热方法或光解方法不降解的材料。非降解性缝合线材料包括聚酰胺(也称为尼龙,例如尼龙6和尼龙6,6)、聚酯(例如,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚四氟乙烯(例如,膨胀型聚四氟乙烯)、聚醚-酯(例如聚丁烯酯(对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚四亚甲基醚二醇的嵌段共聚物))、聚氨酯、金属合金、金属(例如,不锈钢丝)、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、丝绸和棉花。由非降解性缝合线材料制成的缝合线适用于其中缝合线旨在永久性地保留或者旨在从身体物理性地移除的应用。
“缝合线直径”是指缝合线本体的直径。应当理解,本文所述的缝合线可使用多种缝合线长度,并且尽管术语“直径”通常与圆形周边相关,但在本文中应当理解为指示与具有任何形状的周边相关的横截面尺寸。缝合线定径取决于直径。缝合线尺寸在美国药典(“USP”)标示为较大范围上的0-7和较小范围上的1-0到11-0;在较小范围上,-0之前的数值越大,则缝合线直径越小。缝合线的实际直径将取决于缝合线材料,使得例如具有尺寸5-0并且由胶原构成的缝合线将具有0.15mm的直径,而具有相同USP尺寸标示但由合成吸收性材料或非吸收性材料制成的缝合线将各自具有0.1mm的直径。针对特定目的选择的缝合线尺寸取决于下述因素,例如待缝合组织的特性和美容问题的重要性;尽管较小的缝合线可更易于操纵穿过紧密外科部位并且与较小疤痕相关,但由给定材料制备的缝合线的拉伸强度往往会随尺寸减小而降低。应当理解,本文所公开的缝合线和制备缝合线的方法适用于多种直径,包括但不限于7、6、5、4、3、2、1、0、1-0、2-0、3-0、4-0、5-0、6-0、7-0、8-0、9-0、10-0、和11-0。
“缝合针附接”是指将缝合针附接到需要所述缝合针以部署到组织内的缝合线并且可包括下述方法,例如卷曲、旋压、使用粘合剂等。利用诸如卷曲、旋压和粘合剂之类的方法将缝合线附接到缝合针。缝合线和外科针的附接在美国专利No.3,981,307、No.5,084,063、No.5,102,418、No.5,123,911、No.5,500,991、No.5,722,991、No.6,012,216和No.6,163,948、以及美国专利申请公开No.US2004/0088003中有所描述。缝合线与缝合针的附接点称为旋压点。
“缝合针”是指用于将缝合线部署到组织内的缝合针,所述缝合针采用许多不同的形状、形式和组成。存在两种主要类型的缝合针:有创缝合针和无创缝合针。有创缝合针具有孔隙或钻孔末端(即,针孔或针眼),独立于缝合线来提供,并且进行现场接线。无创缝合针为无针眼的并且在工厂处通过旋压或其它方法附接到缝合线,由此将缝合线材料插入缝合针钝端的孔隙内,随后使所述孔隙变形至最终形状以将缝合线和缝合针保持在一起。由此,无创缝合针在现场无需附加的时间来接线并且缝合针附接位点处的缝合线端通常小于缝合针本体。在有创缝合针中,线从缝合针孔两侧引出并且通常缝合线在穿过组织时会将组织撕裂至某种程度。大多数现代缝合线为旋压的无创缝合针。无创缝合针可永久性地旋压至缝合线或者可被设计为利用迅速直接的拉拽除去缝合线。这种“拽断点”通常用于间断式缝合线中,其中每个缝合线仅穿过一次并且随后进行打结。对于不间断的倒钩缝合线而言,这些无创缝合针为优选的。
也可根据缝合针的末端或尖端的几何形状来对缝合针分类。例如缝合针可为(i)“锥形的”,由此缝合针本体为圆形的并且平滑地渐缩至尖端;(ii)“切割的”,由此缝合针本体为三角形的并且具有位于内侧的尖锐切割边缘;(iii)“反向切割的”,由此切割边缘位于外侧;(iv)“套管针点”或“锥形切口”,由此缝合针本体为圆形和锥形的,但末端位于小的三角切割点中;(v)“钝”点,用于缝合脆性组织;(vi)“侧面切割”或“刮刀点”,由此缝合针在顶部和底部为平坦的且具有沿着前面到达一个侧面的切割边缘(这些通常用于眼外科)。
缝合针也可具有多种形状,包括(i)直线形状、(ii)半弯曲或滑雪板形状、(iii)1/4圆形状、(iv)3/8圆形状、(v)1/2圆形状、(vi)5/8圆形状、和(v)复曲线形状。
缝合针描述于美国专利No.6,322,581和No.6,214,030(Mani,Inc.,Japan);以及No.5,464,422(W.L.Gore,Newark,DE);以及No.5,941,899;5,425,746;No.5,306,288和No.5,156,615(US Surgical Corp.,Norwalk,CT);以及No.5,312,422(Linvatec Corp.,Largo,FL);以及No.7,063,716(Tyco Healthcare,North Haven,CT)中。其它缝合针描述于例如美国专利No.6,129,741;5,897,572;5,676,675;和No.5,693,072中。可利用多种缝合针类型(包括但不限于弯曲的、直的、长的、短的、微小的等)、缝合针切割表面(包括但不限于切割的、锥形的等)和缝合针附接技术(包括但不限于钻孔末端、卷曲的等)来部署本文所述的缝合线。此外,本文所述的缝合线自身可包括足够刚性和锐利的末端以便完全消除对部署缝合针的需求。
“缝合针直径”是指缝合线部署缝合针在该针的最宽点处的直径。尽管术语“直径”通常与圆形周边相关,但在本文中应当理解为指示与具有任何形状的周边相关的横截面尺寸。
“缝合线部署末端”是指待部署到组织内的缝合线的末端;缝合线的一个或两个末端均可为缝合线部署末端。缝合线部署末端可附接至部署装置例如缝合针,或者可为足够锐利和刚性的以靠自身来穿透组织。
“伤口闭合”是指用于闭合伤口的外科手术。损伤,尤其是其中皮肤或者另一个外部或内部表面被切割、撕裂、刺穿、或换句话讲弄破的损伤,被称为伤口。当任何组织的完整性受损(例如,皮肤断裂或烧伤、肌肉撕裂、或骨折)时通常会产生伤口。伤口可由以下各项引起:诸如刺穿、跌倒或外科手术之类的动作;由传染病;或由潜在医学病症引起。外科伤口闭合通过接合或紧密地拉近其中组织已撕裂、切割、或换句话讲分离的这些伤口的边缘而有利于生物学愈合情况。外科伤口闭合直接地附接或拉近组织层,由此用于最小化桥接伤口的两个边缘之间的间隙所需的新组织形成物体积。闭合术可用于功能和美学目的。这些目的包括通过拉近皮下组织来消除死空间、通过细致的表皮对准来最小化疤痕形成、以及通过皮肤边缘的精确外翻来避免凹陷疤痕。
紧急自固位缝合线和系统
根据具体实施例,本发明提供为单向、双向、多向的紧急自固位缝合线和系统。本发明的缝合线和系统包括抓握接合元件,以方便移除紧急缝合线或系统;在一些实施例中,抓握接合元件可适于接合手指,而在其它实施例中,其可适于接合外科工具(例如镊子)。其还被构造成能够容易地被检测到,无论是由于其尺寸、形状、颜色、纹理或它们的任何组合。为了从伤口闭合中移除本发明的紧急缝合线或系统,在一些实施例中,抓握接合元件可以被抓握(再次,被手指或外科工具)且从缝合线的其余部分切断,从而允许每个自固位节段沿着其初始部署的方向从组织移除。在其它实施例中,抓握接合元件可被抓握,然后每个自固位节段从抓握接合元件被切断且彼此切断,以方便接下来移除自固位节段。抓握接合元件可设置有任何数量的构形,包括连续套环(包括圆形和椭圆形套环)、多边形、有柄部的套环、插片、部分套环和部分多边形。它们在每个端部处包括组织止挡件,以抑制抓握接合元件通到组织中。它们可为刚性的或柔性的。
根据本发明的具体实施例,这些紧急缝合线和缝合线系统和/或其区段可以无标记、被标记或者通过一种或多种类型的标记或标记组合而不同地标记,以方便将抓握接合元件与装置的其余部分区分开。
为了允许战士或医疗人员识别抓握接合元件的目的,在使用缝合线的条件下,所用的任何可见标记应当容易由战士或医疗人员识别和区分。例如,对于战场或战地医院,期望的是,在低光条件下将容易肉眼见到抓握接合元件的标记。
标记可设置成能够彼此识别和区分的各种形式。标记可包括可区分的图案、形状、长度、颜色尺寸、方向和布置。标记可包括不同的颜色,例如红色、绿色、橙色、黄色、绿色、蓝色等。这样的颜色可以均匀的密度或变化的密度使用,在这种情况下,颜色密度梯度可用于标出例如取向。可沿着自固位缝合线系统的整个长度,在多个离散点处或者仅仅在自固位缝合线的端部或过渡区段处包括标记。在某些情况下,可能期望的是,使用在操作环境中不常见的标记颜色。例如,可能期望的是使用绿色标记,原因是绿色在人体中不常见。
标记可通过多种常规方法形成。例如,标记可以涂覆、喷涂、粘合、染色、着色或以其它方式附着到自固位缝合线系统或其各组件。非限制性地,传统的染色剂涂覆处理包括在关注的缝合线区段上浸渍、喷涂(通过例如喷墨)、喷绘、印刷、施加和/或涂覆染色剂。临界流体提取剂(例如碳氧化物)也可用于将染色剂局部添加到期望被标记的所有或部分区段。或者,用于关注的缝合线区段的染色剂可包括在缝合线材料的用来形成缝合线本体的部分中,其中该部分处于制造的缝合线的关注区段中。
另外,用于区别关注的缝合线区段的染色剂可包含在塑料生物相容性材料上,该塑料生物相容性材料在关注区段处施加在缝合线上。这样的层可为可吸收的,例如聚乙交酯涂层,其具有染色剂以标记关注的缝合线区段,或者其可为非吸收性材料,例如硅树脂。彩色材料可为合成的,或者可源自自然源(无论该材料被改良还是未被改良),例如胶原。
或者,关注的缝合线区段可为反向标记的,使得在缝合线本体总是能够看到颜色的情况下,在全部或部分的关注缝合线区段上可不具有染色剂,使得外科医生能够在视觉上将关注区段的至少一部分与缝合线的其余部分区分开。通过在缝合线本体制造(例如通过挤出)期间使缝合线材料在关注的缝合线区段区域中包括无染色剂部分,或者无论在缝合线本体上形成保持器之前或之后,通过在已经制造缝合线本体之后从关注的缝合线区段移除染色剂,可制造这样的缝合线。例如,可通过临界流体提取剂例如(例如碳氧化物)局部移除染色剂。不需要从缝合线的关注区段移除全部染色剂,只要在关注区段与缝合线其余部分之间存在能够由外科医生检测到的差异即可。
反向标记缝合线的另一个例子是缺少存在于缝合线本体其余部分上的彩色层。支撑染色剂的塑料生物相容性材料可施加在缝合线的其它区段上,并且至少施加在比关注区段宽的其它区段处。这种材料的例子如上所述。如前述例子中所示,在形成保持器之前或之后,可在缝合线制造过程中实现关注的缝合线区段的区分。
反向标记缝合线的另一个例子是具有同轴结构,其中每个同轴层具有不同的颜色,并且最外层的一部分被移除,以在视觉上暴露下面的层。例如,多层单丝聚丙烯缝合线可形成有白色内芯(内部同轴层),该白色内芯具有蓝色外部同轴层,并且外部层的各部分可被移除,以在视觉上暴露白色内部单丝,从而标记关注的缝合线区段。
反向标记缝合线的另一个例子是,在关注的缝合线区段中从缝合线移除(或部分地移除)外部涂层,并且涂层或基部缝合线具有对比色差。在关注的缝合线区段中移除(或部分地移除)材料的这种技术还可形成关注的缝合线区段的触觉分界线。
如上所述,不标记缝合线细丝自身或者除了标记缝合线细丝自身之外,抓握接合元件或拆卸区域可被标记,以使得该区段能够被识别且与其它区段区分开。如果这样的标记出现在与可见范围不同的波长范围内,那么检测器将用来定位和绘制该不可见标记,使得战地医院人员能够利用该标记且具有该标记的优点。
双向紧急缝合线
图1-7中示出了根据本发明的双向紧急缝合线的实施例。在图1中,缝合线100包括第一自固位缝合线节段102a、第二自固位缝合线节段102b以及具有环106a的抓握接合元件106。通常,环106a可为允许某人将他的或她的手指穿过环的任何形状,以便允许人们接下来将环拉离第一自固位缝合线节段102a和第二自固位缝合线节段102b。例如,环可为圆形,如图1所示,或者其可为卵形或多边形或其它形状,只要环包括开口或孔。抓握接合元件106优选地沿着环106a在不同位置处连接到节段102b的近端108b并连接到节段102a的近端108a,如图1所示。第一自固位缝合线节段102a包括多个保持器103a,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段102a沿着远侧或部署端部104a的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止缝合线沿着与远端104a的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。相反,第二自固位缝合线节段102b包括多个保持器103b,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时阻止节段102b沿着第二节段102b的远侧或部署端部104b的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止该节段沿着与端部104b的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。任选地节段102a可附连到针112a,并且任选地节段102b可附连到针112b,其中任一个针或两个针可任选地为弯曲的,如图1所示。
图2示出了具有带套环的抓握接合元件的紧急缝合线的另一个实施例。缝合线200包括第一自固位缝合线节段202a、第二自固位缝合线节段202b以及分别位于节段202a和202b的近端208a和208b处的抓握接合元件206(为柄部206b的端部处的椭圆形206a的形式)。第一自固位缝合线节段202a包括多个保持器203a,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段202a沿着节段202a的远端204a的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止缝合线沿着与远端204a的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。相反,第二自固位缝合线节段202b包括多个保持器203b,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段202b沿着第二节段202b的远端204b的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段202b沿着与远端204b的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。任选地,节段202a可附连到针212a,并且任选地,节段202b可附连到针212b,其中任一个针或两个针可任选地为弯曲的,如图2所示。
图3中示出了根据本发明的紧急缝合线的实施例,包括为插片形式的抓握接合元件306,该抓握接合元件定位在第一自固位缝合线节段302a的端部308a与第二自固位缝合线节段302b的端部308b之间。抓握接合元件306设置有可变纹理表面310,以增强某人夹持抓握接合元件306的能力,其中纹理可采用凸起脊部的形式或其它不均匀表面的形式,如图3所示。第一自固位缝合线节段302a包括多个保持器303a,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段302a沿着节段302a的远端304a的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段302a沿着与远端304a的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。相反,第二自固位缝合线节段302b包括多个保持器303b,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段302b沿着第二节段302b的远端304b的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段沿着与远端304b的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。任选地,节段302a可附连到针312a,并且任选地,节段302b可附连到针312b,其中任一个针或两个针可任选地为弯曲的,如图3所示。
为整个或部分抓握接合元件306提供纹理差异包括沿着抓握接合元件306提供多个增大和/或减小的缝合线本体直径的区域。例如,通过包括但不限于压缩、切割、涂覆、施加试剂(例如研磨剂、聚合剂、酸蚀刻剂、基础蚀刻剂)等的方法,可在关注的区段中设置多个凹痕、多个浮雕构形以及它们的任何组合。
图4和5示出了在开环形式上的两个变型中分别具有抓握接合元件406和506的实施例。在图4中,抓握接合元件406为开放多边形,并且位于第一自固位缝合线节段402a的近端408a与第二自固位缝合线节段402b的近端408b之间。第一自固位缝合线节段402a包括多个保持器403a,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段402a沿着远端404a的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段402a沿着与远端404a的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。相反,第二自固位缝合线节段402b包括多个保持器403b,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段402b沿着第二节段402b的远端404b的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段沿着与远端404b的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。任选地,节段402a可附连到针412a,并且任选地,节段402b可附连到针412b,其中任一个针或两个针可任选地为弯曲的,如图4所示。
在图5中,抓握接合元件506示出为开环,并且位于第一自固位缝合线节段502a的近端508a与第二自固位缝合线节段502b的近端508b之间。第一自固位缝合线节段502a包括多个保持器503a,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段502a沿着远端504a的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段沿着与远端504a的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。相反,第二自固位缝合线节段502b包括多个保持器503b,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段502b沿着第二节段502b的远端504b的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段502b沿着与远端504b的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。在具有开环或开放多边形抓握接合元件的一些实施例中,元件可由刚性或半刚性材料制成,或者可涂覆以实现刚性或部分刚性。任选地,节段502a可附连到针512a,并且任选地,节段502b可附连到针512b,其中任一个针或两个针可任选地为弯曲的,如图5所示。
图6示出了具有带开环的抓握接合元件的紧急缝合线的另一个实施例。缝合线600包括第一自固位缝合线节段602a、第二自固位缝合线节段602b和抓握接合元件606。抓握接合元件606设置有分别与第一自固位缝合线节段602a和第二自固位缝合线节段602b的近端608a和608b相邻的组织止挡件610a和610b。组织止挡件610a和610b的横截面距离均分别大于相邻的近端608a和608b的横截面距离,从而被构造成当缝合线600位于组织内且在伤口闭合中起作用时防止抓握接合元件606滑到组织中。第一自固位缝合线节段602a包括多个保持器603a,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段602a沿着远端604a的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段沿着与远端604a的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。相反,第二自固位缝合线节段602b包括多个保持器,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段602b沿着第二节段602b的远端604b的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段602b沿着与远端604b的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。任选地,节段602a可附连到针612a,并且任选地,节段602b可附连到针612b,其中任一个针或两个针可任选地为弯曲的,如图6所示。
在另一个实施例中,如图7所示,缝合线700的抓握接合元件706由拆卸元件710a和710b界定,该拆卸元件710a和710b分别邻近第一自固位缝合线节段702a和第二自固位缝合线节段702b的近端708a和708b。拆卸元件708a和708b适于仅仅需要强烈的拉扯以将元件706从缝合线700移除,并且可包括脆弱材料、较小直径的缝合线材料(从而具有比缝合线的相邻部分小的拉伸强度)或可拆卸连接器。第一自固位缝合线节段702a包括多个保持器703a,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段702a沿着远端704a的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段沿着与远端704a的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。相反,第二自固位缝合线节段702b包括多个保持器703b,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段702b沿着第二节段702b的远端704b的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止节段沿着与远端704b的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。任选地,节段702a可附连到针712a,并且任选地,节段702b可附连到针712b,其中任一个针或两个针可任选地为弯曲的,如图7所示。
图14A、14B和15包括根据本发明的紧急部署缝合线的另一个实施例的图示,其中缝合线示出为处于用于缝合线的可选包装材料的内容物中。图14A中的双向缝合线1401包括第一自固位缝合线节段1403a和第二自固位缝合线节段1403b,该第一自固位缝合线节段1403a和第二自固位缝合线节段1403b分别在其各自的远端1411a和1411b处具有针1409a和1409b。在一个实施例中,借助于系结到或以其它方式连接到抓握接合元件1405的孔1407a和1407b,抓握接合元件1405分别附接到第一自固位缝合线节段1403a和第二自固位缝合线节段1403b的近端1413a和1413b。可供选择的实施例中,如图14B所示,近端1413a和1413b均附接到过渡节段的端部,如虚线1415所示,其中过渡节段1415可为无保持器细丝或某些其它细丝,从而将近端1413a和1413b连接在一起,在该实施例中,缝合线1401在过渡节段处或附近穿过孔1407a和1407b。图14B示出了区域1417a和1417b,任选地设为抓握接合元件1405的一部分,其中区域1417a和1417b为抓握元件1405的脆弱区域,从而适于被容易地断开或破开。为了将例如具有带两个脆弱区域1417a和1417b的抓握接合元件1405的缝合线1401从伤口闭合移除,抓握接合元件1405可被破开,所得到的碎片保持分开,以暴露缝合线,例如暴露过渡节段1415,以易于进行切割。相似地,在图15中,相对于图14A所述的双向缝合线1401重新编号为1501,并且包括具有孔1507a和1507b的抓握接合元件1505,该孔在缝合线1501的过渡节段处或附近接合缝合线1501。任选地,抓握接合元件1505可包括一个、优选两个、或多于两个脆弱区域,从而可以适于断开或破开。在一些实施例中,抓握接合元件的一个或多个缝合线孔,例如图14和15中所示的那些孔,可包括锋利边缘,当切断缝合线时该锋利边缘将允许一个孔移除抓握接合,因此能够容易地将缝合线从伤口闭合移除。
图8a和8b中示出了抓握接合元件806。参照图8a,抓握接合元件806分别接合到第一自固位缝合线节段802a和第二自固位缝合线节段802b中每一个,并且被定位在伤口801外侧。缝合线800的第一自固位缝合线节段802a在皮下缝合中被部署穿过伤口边缘801b,从伤口801的大约中心部分801a处开始,朝向伤口801的一个端部801c运动,然后沿着部署方向(即伤口801c的端部的方向)拉动缝合线800,以使伤口边缘801a靠近到一起。虚线802a示出了定位在组织下方的第一自固位缝合线节段802a。然后,如图8b所示,利用第二自固位缝合线节段802b(如虚线所示,表示其在组织内的位置)对伤口的其余部分重复该过程,从而闭合伤口。当在伤口闭合的第二半部上缝合线800被拉过组织以使伤口的其余开放部分上的伤口边缘靠近时,沿第二部署方向(即朝向伤口801e的第二端部)拉动缝合线800的作用包括用于节段802a上的多个保持器的必要的固定力,从而使得组织接合。相反,当缝合线800被充分紧密地拉动以闭合伤口的第二半部时,对第一节段802a上的多个保持器施加的组织接合力将第二节段802b上的多个保持器固定。为了从组织移除缝合线,抓握接合元件806被抓握,并且缝合线节段802a和802b被彼此切断且从元件806切断。然后,缝合线节段802a从缝合线离开点801d从组织拉出,并且缝合线节段802b类似地从相应的缝合线离开点801f从组织拉出。
图9中示出了紧急双向缝合线的另一种使用,以将处于高张力下的伤口靠近在一起,从而将它们保持就位,直到可执行确定的表面闭合。在张口伤口(或者由于两侧的张力而难以带到一起的伤口)中,双向紧急缝合线900被部署,以使组织更加靠近。在这个过程中,抓握接合元件906被定位在伤口的中点附近处,并且自固位节段902插入穿过伤口边缘,从伤口沿径向向外穿过,并且在与离开点908处的伤口边缘相距一段距离处收回;该距离选择成适于伤口和周围组织的特性,同时要记住的是,距离越远,保持强度就越大。然后,利用自固位节段904在伤口的另一侧上重复该过程。对于大的伤口,可能需要多根缝合线。然后,组织可在保持器上逐渐“缝合”在一起,直到其按照需要靠近在一起(或谨慎靠在一起)。在自固位节段902和904之间具有抓握接合元件不仅方便缝合线的后续移除,而且还增加了自固位节段在伤口任一侧上的锚固性,从而增大了缝合线在没有拉过组织的情况下能够承受的张力大小。
单向紧急缝合线
本发明的缝合线还包括单向实施例,如图10中所示的例子。缝合线1000包括自固位缝合线节段1002以及在节段1002的近端处邻近拆卸元件1008的锚固元件1006。自固位缝合线节段1002包括多个保持器1003,该保持器定向成当处于组织中时允许节段1002沿着尖锐端部1004的运动方向运动穿过组织并阻止缝合线沿着与端部1004的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织。一旦缝合线完全部署到组织中时,则抓握接合锚固件1006用来阻止缝合线沿着朝向端部1004的方向运动。拆卸元件1008适于需要打断运动例如尖锐断开、弯曲或扭转,以将元件1006从节段1002移除,并且可包含脆弱材料、较小直径的缝合线材料(从而具有比缝合线的其它部分小的拉伸强度)或可拆卸连接器。
多向紧急缝合线系统
自固位缝合线系统可包括多于两个的缝合线节段。根据应用,自固位缝合线系统可具有一个、两个或更多个缝合线节段,包括至多约十个缝合线节段或更多。例如,如图11所示,缝合线系统1100具有从中心环1106辐射出的五个自固位缝合线节段1102a-e。每个缝合线节段1102a-e均在其部署端部1104a-e处具有针且在其它端部处具有连接器1108a-e,每个连接器将其相应的缝合线节段连接到环1106。连接器可整体或部分由脆弱材料制成,以便在患者能够获得更好的医疗照顾时方便从临时伤口闭合移除环和随后移除缝合线节段。或者,在移除缝合线系统之前,可从缝合线节段切断连接器。
图12中示出了多向紧急缝合线系统的另一个实施例。缝合线系统1200具有三个自固位缝合线节段1202a-c。节段1202a-c中的每个均在一个端部(即近端)处连接到抓握接合元件1206,该抓握接合元件可具有任何合适的形状,例如圆形、卵形或者如图12所示为多边形。节段1202a-c中的每个还在其另一个端部(即远端)处具有针1204a-c。抓握接合元件1206不是系统1200中的独立组件,而是连接到自固位节段1202a-c。它们可通过熔融、胶粘、焊接等进行连接,或可形成为一个部件。如图12所示,自固位缝合线节段1202a具有比节段1202b和1202c大的直径(并且由此附接有较大的且不同地构造的针)。图12示出了多臂自固位缝合线系统中可能的宽范围变型中的一个选择,例如1200。缝合线系统的臂可根据其将被部署的组织独立地选择。注意到,例如缝合线节段1202a上的保持器1203a被构造成使得保持器允许节段沿着针附接到该臂的方向(即沿着远侧方向)进行部署并阻止缝合线节段沿着朝向抓握接合元件的方向(即沿着近侧方向)运动,其用作锚固件并且方便后续从临时伤口闭合移除该缝合线系统。因此,缝合线节段可被部署穿过组织,并且使该组织朝向元件1206靠近,然后保持器将组织保持在靠近的位置中并阻止组织运动离开元件1206。注意到,在某些多臂系统中,可能期望的是某些臂无保持器。
具有多于两个缝合线节段的自固位系统能够用于期望具有从共同点辐射开的多个缝合线的应用。这样的自固位缝合线系统用于例如闭合、刺穿伤口、星状伤口和其它非线性的伤口。这样的伤口可由钝伤、枪击、爆炸等产生,并且利用常规缝合技术非常难以闭合。图13示出了利用多向紧急缝合线系统1300闭合星状伤口。星状伤口是非线性伤口,其中穿过组织的多处撕裂在共同点处汇合,并且难以利用常规缝合技术闭合。然而,对于每个组织顶点,利用具有自固位缝合线节段的多向系统容易闭合这样的伤口。如图13所示,系统1300包括四个自固位缝合线节段1302a-d,每个自固位缝合线节段均在一个端部(即近端)处具有针1312a-d,并且在另一个端部(即远端)处连接到抓握接合元件1306。每个针1312在组织贴片的顶点1314a-d处插入,并且穿过组织被拉至位于与伤口相距一段距离处的离开点1310a-d。在闭合中心伤口之后,如果需要的话可以利用标准技术进一步闭合剩下的线性伤口,例如利用常规或自固位缝合线(单向或双向)。
紧急自固位缝合线的包装
本文所述的缝合线和系统可被加载到包装中,以适于防止缝合线节段、端部和抓握接合元件的缠结,并且能够容易地从包装件移除缝合线或系统。
图14A中示出了包装件的实施例,其中包装件示出为保持两个不同的紧急自固位缝合线系统。包装件包括基部1400、在基部1400上定位成彼此相距一段距离的抓握接合元件夹持器1404和缝合线节段夹持器1402。夹持器可设置有多个区段;例如,缝合线节段夹持器1402提供多个通道1402a和1402b,使得缝合线上的每个针可彼此分开。相似地,通过设置多个通道1404a和1404b,抓握接合元件夹持器1404可设置有多个区段,使得缝合线节段1403可彼此分开(以防止倒钩的缠结),如抓握接合夹持器1404上所示。基部1400被构造成沿着线A和B折叠,并且在插片/狭槽组合1406b处闭合。基部也可沿着线C折叠,以保护较长缝合线的端部,并且在插片/狭槽组合1408b处闭合。
在图15所示的另一个实施例中,该包装包括基部1500、在基部1500上定位成彼此相距一段距离的抓握接合元件夹持器1504和缝合线节段夹持器1502。抓握接合夹持器1504和缝合线节段夹持器1502均设置有多个区段,以允许每个缝合线1501的缝合线节段缠绕(以卵形布置或交替布置)通过夹持器,并且由此减小缝合线/包装件组合的整体尺寸。基部1500被构造成折叠,并且在插片/狭槽组合1505a,b处闭合。基部也可折叠以保护较长缝合线的端部,并且在插片/狭槽组合1506a,b处闭合。
图16中的实施例包括基部1600,该基部具有三个多区段夹持器1602a-c,该夹持器被布置成使得夹持器中的两个(1602a和b)大致垂直于中心夹持器(1602c),其中夹持器的这种布置允许缝合线1601螺旋缠绕,抓握接合元件1605处于螺旋的中心处。在缝合线的端部处的针1609在夹持器1604处固定到基部,该夹持器被定位成与夹持器1602a-c相距一段距离。基部1600还包括一个或多个贴片1606、1608、1610和1612,贴片可折叠以进一步保护缝合线1601。仅仅具有两个多区段夹持器1602的可选布置也是本发明的实施例。
图17示出的实施例中,缝合线1701可利用两个延伸的多区段夹持器1702a和1702b以前后布置方式固定。针1709a和1709b利用多区段夹持器1710固定在与抓握接合元件1705相距一段距离处,任选地具有的贴片1706、1707、1708和1711中的一个或多个可折叠过缝合线以提供附加的保护。
图18示出的实施例中,缝合线1801可利用多区段夹持器1802a-d以“C”形布置方式固定。针1809a和1809b利用多区段夹持器固定在抓握接合元件1805附近,抓握接合元件自身利用多区段夹持器1804保持就位,但是设置成足够远以防止缠结。基部1800可沿“B”所示的方向沿着线“A”折叠,并且任选地,沿着线C1和/或C2折叠,以减小整体包装件的尺寸。
图19示出的实施例中,缝合线1901可沿着延伸的多区段夹持器1904a和1904b以前后布置方式固定。针1909a和1909b利用多区段夹持器1902固定在与抓握接合元件1905相距一段距离处。另外,以类似方式固定缝合线1911的插入件1910可被设置在基部1900之上,并且贴片1906和1908可折叠过该插入件以完全覆盖该插入件。
图20示出了用于包装单向缝合线的实施例,其中包装基部2000保持单向缝合线2001a和2001b,该包装包括分别用于抓握接合元件2005a和2005b的夹持器2002a和2002b,以及分别用于针2009a和2009b的多区段夹持器2004a和2004b。图21示出了基部2100上的多向缝合线包装,其中缝合线装置2101的各个节段以独立成对的方式彼此分开;因此,仅仅具有利用多区段夹持器2104固定地保持就位的一个抓握接合夹持器2105,以及保持针2009a、2009b、2009c和2009d的多个缝合线节段夹持器2012a和2102b。
图22示出了包装2200,包括外部套筒2201,包装的紧急缝合线以及相关的装置,例如剪刀2202a和2202b(但是可包括单个剪刀)和/或针驱动器2203a和2203b(但是可包括单个针驱动器),可放置在该外部套筒中。
材料
可通过任何合适的方法制备本文所述的缝合线,所述方法包括但不限于注塑、冲压、切割、激光、挤出等。就切割而言,可制备或购买聚合物型丝线以用于缝合线本体,并且随后可在缝合线本体上切割保持器;保持器可为利用刀片、切轮、砂轮等进行手动切割的、激光切割的、或机械切割的。在切割期间,可相对于其它装置运动切割装置或缝合线,或者可运动这两者以控制切割部210的尺寸、形状和深度。用于在丝线上切割倒钩的具体方法在Genova等人的名称为“Method Of Forming Barbs On A SutureAnd Apparatus For Performing Same”的美国专利申请序列号09/943,733、以及Leung等人的名称为“Barbed Sutures”的美国专利申请序列号10/065,280中有所描述,这两个专利申请均以引用方式并入本文。缝合线可由任何合适的生物相容性材料制成,并且可利用任何合适的生物相容性材料进行进一步的处理,以增强缝合线的强度、弹性、寿命或其它特性,或者用于配置缝合线,以便除了将组织接合在一起、重新设置组织或将外来元件附接至组织之外,还实现附加功能。
可通过任何合适的方法来制备本文所述的抓握接合元件,所述方法包括但不限于注塑、冲压、切割、激光、挤出等。它们可与缝合线一体地形成,或者在每个组件制造之后,缝合线和抓握接合元件可被组装起来。它们可由布料、毡、网片、塑料(吸收性和非吸收性)、金属或其它材料制成,并且可以粘接、系结、卷曲或者以其它方式附接到缝合线。在一些实施例中,它们可由不锈钢或其它不透射频的材料制成。在一些实施例中,它们可被构造成舒适地容纳典型的成人手指;合适的直径范围可为0.75"至1.5",并且在1"至1.25"之间。
本文所述的包装可由任何合适的材料制成,例如纸张和合成材料的组合,或者仅仅合成材料,或者仅仅纸张。针夹持器可由泡沫制成,或者可由能够固定地接合针的其它材料制成。外部套筒可由任何合适的材料制成,包括可交换以消毒气体(例如乙烯二氧化物)同时防止微生物污染的材料,能够兼容伽马辐射消毒的材料,防水材料(例如箔),以及它们的任何组合。
另外,本文所述的缝合线和系统可设置有组合物以促进康复以及防止不期望的影响,例如疤痕形成、感染、疼痛等。这能够以各种方式实现,包括例如:(a)通过将制剂直接附着到缝合线(例如通过用聚合物/药物膜喷雾缝合线,或者通过将缝合线浸渍到聚合物/药物溶液中);(b)通过将缝合线涂覆有诸如水凝胶的物质,该水凝胶继而吸收组合物;(c)在多细丝缝合线的情况下通过将涂覆有制剂的线(或者聚合物自身形成为线)交织到缝合线结构中;(d)通过将缝合线插入包括或涂覆有制剂的套筒或网片中;或者(e)将缝合线自身构造有组合物。虽然包括止痛药剂、抗传染药剂、防伤疤药剂、润滑剂和抗炎剂的组合物通常可用于本文所述的紧急状况,但是其它这样的组合物可包括但不限于抗增殖剂、抗血管生成剂、纤维变性诱导剂、回波剂、细胞循环抑制剂、镇痛剂和防微管剂。例如,在形成保持器之前,组合物可施加到缝合线,从而当保持器接合时,接合表面基本上不含涂层。这样,当引入缝合线时,缝合的组织接触缝合线的涂覆表面,但是当保持器接合时,保持器的非涂覆表面接触组织。或者,如果例如期望完全涂覆而不是选择性地涂覆缝合线,那么可在缝合线上形成保持器之后或期间涂覆缝合线。在另一个替代形式中,在形成保持器期间或之后,可通过仅仅将缝合线的选择部分暴露于涂覆可选择性地涂覆缝合线。使用缝合线的具体目的或者组合物可确定是完全涂覆的还是选择性涂覆的缝合线是合适的;例如,对于润滑涂层,可能有利的是选择性地涂覆缝合线,从而使例如缝合线的组织接合表面不涂覆,以防止削弱这些表面的组织接合功能。另一方面,诸如包括这样的化合物作为防传染药剂的那些涂层可以合适地施加到整个缝合线,而诸如包括纤维变性剂的那些涂层可以合适地施加到整个或部分缝合线(例如组织接合表面)。涂层也可包括共存的或者位于缝合线的不同部分上的多种组合物,其中所述多种组合物可被选择用于不同的目的(例如止痛剂、抗感染剂和抗疤痕剂的组合)或者用于它们的协同效果。
尽管已参照本发明的仅一些示例性实施例详细地示出和描述了本发明,但本领域的技术人员应当理解,这并不旨在将本发明限于所公开的特定实施例。可在不脱离本发明的新颖教导内容和优点的情况下,对本发明所公开的实施例作出各种结构组合以及各种修改、省略和添加,尤其是按照上述教导内容。因此,本发明旨在涵盖可包括在由下述权利要求书限定的本发明的实质和范围内的所有此类修改形式、省略形式、添加形式和等同形式。

Claims (36)

1.一种可移除的双向自固位缝合线,所述缝合线包括:
a.第一端部、第二端部和周边;
b.多个保持器,在所述缝合线的第一端部与所述缝合线上的第一轴向位置之间处于所述缝合线的第一部分上的保持器用于允许所述缝合线沿着所述第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线沿着与所述第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且在所述缝合线的第二端部与所述缝合线上的第二轴向位置之间处于所述缝合线的第二部分上的保持器允许所述缝合线沿着所述第二端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线沿着与所述第二端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织;和
c.抓握接合元件,所述抓握接合元件处于所述第一轴向位置与所述第二轴向位置之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件包括套环。
3.根据权利要求2所述的缝合线,其中所述套环是不连续的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件包括插片。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件包括缝合线节段,所述缝合线节段在其每个端部处具有止挡件,用于防止所述缝合线节段进入组织中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件包含与所述缝合线的其余部分不同的颜色。
7.根据权利要求6所述的缝合线,其中所述缝合线还包括处于所述抓握接合元件与所述第一轴向位置和第二轴向位置之间的脆弱部分,用于方便从所述缝合线移除所述抓握接合元件。
8.根据权利要求6所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件还包括增强的夹持表面。
9.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件具有的周边大于所述缝合线的周边。
10.根据权利要求9所述的缝合线,其中所述缝合线还包括处于所述抓握接合元件与所述第一轴向位置和第二轴向位置之间的脆弱部分,用于方便从所述缝合线移除所述抓握接合元件。
11.根据权利要求9所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件还包括增强的夹持表面。
12.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件还包括增强的夹持表面。
13.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述缝合线还包括处于所述抓握接合元件与所述第一轴向位置和第二轴向位置之间的脆弱部分,用于方便从所述缝合线移除所述抓握接合元件。
14.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,还包括连接所述抓握接合元件和所述缝合线的可拆卸连接器。
15.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件为至少部分柔性的。
16.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件为至少部分刚性的。
17.根据权利要求1所述的缝合线,其中所述抓握接合元件包含与所述缝合线的其余部分不同的材料。
18.根据权利要求2所述的缝合线,其中所述套环的构型选自包括圆形、椭圆形和多边形的类别。
19.一种可移除的多向自固位系统,包括:
a.抓握接合元件;
b.至少三个缝合线节段,每个缝合线节段具有处于所述缝合线节段的第一端部与所述缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许所述缝合线沿着所述第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线节段沿着与所述第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且每个缝合线节段的第二端部附接到所述抓握接合元件。
20.根据权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述抓握接合元件包括套环。
21.根据权利要求20所述的系统,其中所述套环是不连续的。
22.根据权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述抓握接合元件包括插片。
23.根据权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述抓握接合元件包括缝合线节段,所述缝合线节段在其每个端部处具有止挡件,用于防止所述缝合线节段进入组织中。
24.根据权利要求20所述的系统,其中所述套环是圆形的。
25.根据权利要求20所述的系统,其中所述套环是椭圆形的。
26.根据权利要求20所述的系统,其中所述套环是多边形的。
27.一种紧急伤口闭合的方法,包括:
a.提供双向自固位缝合线,所述双向自固位缝合线具有多个保持器,在所述缝合线的第一端部与所述缝合线上的第一轴向位置之间处于所述缝合线的第一部分上的保持器用于允许所述缝合线沿着所述第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线沿着与所述第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且在所述缝合线的第二端部与所述缝合线上的第二轴向位置之间处于所述缝合线的第二部分上的保持器允许所述缝合线沿着所述第二端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线沿着与所述第二端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织;
b.在伤口的第一端部与第二端部之间的第一插入点处将所述缝合线的第一端部插入组织中;
c.沿着第一部署路径将所述缝合线的第一端部朝向伤口的所述第一端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第一离开点;
d.在伤口的所述第一端部与第二端部之间的第二插入点处将所述缝合线的第二端部插入组织中,从而所述缝合线的一部分处于所述第一插入点与第二插入点之间;
e.沿着第二部署路径将所述缝合线的第二端部朝向伤口的所述第二端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第二离开点;以及
f.沿着所述第一插入点与第二插入点之间的部分切断所述缝合线,用于在提供永久处理之前从伤口移除所述缝合线。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中在将所述缝合线的第一端部拉向伤口的所述第一端部的步骤之前执行将所述缝合线的第二端部插入组织中的步骤。
29.一种紧急伤口闭合的方法,包括:
a.提供单向自固位缝合线,所述缝合线具有处于所述缝合线的第一端部与第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许所述缝合线沿着所述第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线沿着与所述第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且提供在所述缝合线的第二端部处的抓握接合元件;
b.将所述抓握接合元件至少部分地定位在伤口外侧;
c.在伤口处将所述缝合线的第一端部在插入点处插入组织中;以及
d.沿着部署路径将所述缝合线的第一端部朝向伤口的端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至组织外侧的离开点。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述单向缝合线还包括邻近所述抓握接合元件的脆弱部分。
31.一种紧急伤口闭合的方法,包括:
a.提供多向自固位系统,所述系统具有抓握接合元件和至少两个缝合线节段,每个缝合线节段具有处于所述缝合线节段的第一端部与所述缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许所述缝合线沿着所述第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止缝合线节段沿着与所述第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且每个缝合线节段的第二端部附接到所述抓握接合元件;
b.将所述抓握接合元件至少部分地定位在伤口外侧;
c.在伤口处将第一缝合线节段的第一端部在第一插入点处插入组织中;
d.沿着第一部署路径将所述第一缝合线节段的第一端部朝向伤口的第一端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第一离开点;
e.在邻近所述第一插入点的第二插入点处将第二缝合线节段的第一端部插入组织中;以及
f.沿着第二部署路径将所述第二缝合线节段的第一端部朝向伤口的第二端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第二离开点。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述自固位系统包括至少第三缝合线节段,所述第三缝合线节段具有处于所述缝合线节段的第一端部与所述缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许所述缝合线沿着所述第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线节段沿着与所述第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,所述第三缝合线节段的第二端部附接到所述抓握接合元件。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,还包括:在邻近所述第一插入点和第二插入点中的至少一者的第三插入点处将所述第三缝合线节段的第一端部插入组织中,以及沿着第三部署路径将所述第三缝合线节段的第一端部朝向伤口的第三端部穿过伤口的交替侧上的组织拉至第三离开点。
34.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述抓握接合元件包括缝合线节段之间的连接部。
35.一种实现星状伤口的紧急闭合的方法,所述星状伤口具有至少三个组织顶点,所述方法包括:
a.提供多向自固位系统,所述系统具有抓握接合元件和至少三个缝合线节段,每个缝合线节段具有处于所述缝合线节段的第一端部与所述缝合线节段的第二端部之间的多个保持器,用于允许所述缝合线沿着所述第一端部的运动方向运动穿过组织并防止所述缝合线节段沿着与所述第一端部的运动方向相反的方向运动穿过组织,并且每个缝合线节段的第二端部附接到所述抓握接合元件;
b.将所述抓握接合元件定位成邻近组织顶点;
c.将第一缝合线节段的第一端部插入第一组织顶点中,并且将所述第一缝合线节段的第一端部从组织拉出;
d.将第二缝合线节段的第一端部插入第二组织顶点中,并且将所述第二缝合线节段的第一端部从组织拉出;以及
e.在第三组织顶点处将第三缝合线节段的第一端部插入组织中,并且将所述第三缝合线节段的第一端部从组织拉出。
36.一种从组织移除紧急自固位缝合线的方法,所述缝合线具有至少一个自固位缝合线节段,所述缝合线节段具有第一端部和第二端部,所述第一端部连接到抓握接合元件,所述方法包括:
a.从所述缝合线节段将所述抓握接合元件切断;以及
b.通过所述缝合线节段的第二端部将所述缝合线节段从组织拉出。
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