CN101263523A - 使用观察到的顾客行为证据来调整产品策略 - Google Patents

使用观察到的顾客行为证据来调整产品策略 Download PDF

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CN101263523A
CN101263523A CNA2006800332072A CN200680033207A CN101263523A CN 101263523 A CN101263523 A CN 101263523A CN A2006800332072 A CNA2006800332072 A CN A2006800332072A CN 200680033207 A CN200680033207 A CN 200680033207A CN 101263523 A CN101263523 A CN 101263523A
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G·P·瑟里玛莱
I·P·阿杜特
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Microsoft Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/22—Payment schemes or models
    • G06Q20/26—Debit schemes, e.g. "pay now"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
    • G06Q20/4016—Transaction verification involving fraud or risk level assessment in transaction processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G06Q30/04—Billing or invoicing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/02—Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance

Abstract

一种适用于即用即付或其它计量使用的计算机具有用于确定要进行什么测量来检测欺诈、以及当发现欺诈时要采取的步骤的策略。为在良好性能和足够的测试来降低欺诈风险之间进行优化，基于观察到的用户行为，使用在计算机处所取的数据、来自支付处理器的数据或两者，来形成策略。在分析之后，将经更新的策略安全地置于计算机处，以确定关于受怀疑的欺诈要进行什么测量以及以什么频率进行测量。

Description

使用观察到的顾客行为证据来调整产品策略
背景
用于管理金融风险的系统采用了多种形式。信用卡公司定期监视交易以监控欺诈行为。信贷限额基于过去对花费和账单支付的表现。具有良好信贷历史的个人和公司可被提供更高的信贷限额，以及对于信用额度使用的更宽大政策。在许多这样的情况下，分析每一交易，并且在逐个交易的基础上批准。此外，在许多情况下，实际金融工具是相对廉价的，例如，塑料信用卡的成本要比一角硬币低。在例如蜂窝电话系统等其它情况下，蜂窝电话可具有某些价值，但是当对网络的接入被拒绝时该价值基本变为无用。
然而，在按使用付费或即用即付计算机的情况下，资产，即计算机，具有很高的价值，并且即使当与网络断开时也可提供有价值的功能。分析、测量和控制这一平台上的风险向风险管理提出了独特的挑战。
概述
涉及按使用付费或即用即付计算机的操作的数据可从该计算机本身以及从涉及金融交易的数据和其它信用相关信息中收集。使用该信息，可形成指定如何密切地监视计算机的操作中的欺诈活动以及设置对受怀疑的欺诈活动的响应级别的策略。监视计算机的操作不仅涉及要进行什么测量，而且还涉及以什么频率来进行测量。进行太多的测量可能会影响计算机的性能，并且降低用户对计算体验的满意度。测量不足可提高承包人因欺诈活动而受到损失的风险。通过基于观察到的用户行为来设置策略，使用在计算机处收集到的数据、金融交易记录或两者，可达到平衡。
附图简述
图1是计算机网络的简化的代表性框图；
图2是可连接到图1的网络的计算机的框图；
图3是示出安全执行环境及其与计算机的其它功能元件的关系的细节的计算机的框图；以及
图4是描述基于观察到的用户行为来调整产品策略的方法的流程图。
各实施例的详细描述
尽管下文阐明了众多不同实施例的详细描述，但是应当理解，本说明书的法定范围是由本专利开头所述的权利要求书的文字来定义的。该详细描述应被解释为仅示例性，而未描述每一可能的实施例，因为描述每一可能的实施例即使不是不可能的也是不切实际的。使用现有技术或在本专利的提交日之后开发的技术，可实现众多替换实施例，这仍落入权利要求书的范围之内。
还应当理解，除非一术语在本专利中使用语句“如此处所使用的，术语‘__’此处被定义为指……”或类似的语句来明确地定义，否则毫无意图将该术语的含义明确地或隐含地限制在其简单或普通意义之外，且这类术语不应当被解释为基于本专利的任何一节中所作出的任何陈述(权利要求书的语言除外)而在范围上有限制。就本专利末尾的权利要求书中引用的任何术语在本专利中以与单数意义相一致的方式来引用而言，这是为清楚起见而如此做的，仅仅是为了不使读者感到混淆，且这类权利要求术语并不旨在隐含地或以其它方式限于该单数意义。最后，除非一权利要求要素是通过叙述单词“装置”和功能而没有叙述任何结构来定义的，否则任何权利要求要素的范围并不旨在基于35U.S.C.§112第6段的应用来解释。
许多发明性功能和许多发明性原理最佳地使用或利用软件程序或指令以及诸如专用集成电路(IC)等IC来实现。期望本领域的普通技术人员虽然可能要进行大量的工作和由例如可用时间、现有技术以及经济问题促动的许多设计选择，但是当受到此处所公开的概念和原理的指引时仍能够容易地以最小的实验来生成这些软件指令和程序以及IC。因此，为了简明以及最小化使根据本发明的原理和概念晦涩的任何风险，对这些软件和IC(如果有的话)的进一步讨论将限于对于较佳实施例的原理和概念所必需的那些讨论。
图1示出了可用于实现按使用付费计算机系统的网络10。网络10可以是因特网、虚拟专用网(VPN)、或允许一个或多个计算机、通信设备、数据库等通信上彼此连接的任何其它网络。网络10可经由以太网16和路由器18以及陆线20连接到个人计算机12和计算机终端14。另一方面，网络10可以经由无线通信站26和无线链路28无线地连接到膝上型计算机22和个人数据助理24。类似地，服务器30可使用通信链路32连接到网络10，而大型机34可使用另一通信链路36连接到网络10。
在按使用付费或即用即付模型的情况下，图1的各要素可用于示出系统组件。计量的设备，即按使用付费或即用即付硬件和/或软件可由个人计算机12、膝上型计算机22、个人数据助理24、或服务器30来表示。大型机34、或一个或多个服务器30可表示系统的基础结构侧，例如交换所功能、支付系统功能、或供应系统功能等等。
图2示出了计算机110形式的计算设备，它可连接到网络10并用于实现动态软件供应系统的一个或多个组件。计算机110的组件可包括但不限于，处理单元120、系统存储器130以及将包括系统存储器130的各类系统组件耦合至处理单元120的系统总线121。系统总线121可以是若干种总线结构类型中的任一种，包括存储器总线或存储器控制器、外围总线以及使用各类总线体系结构中的任一种的局部总线。作为示例而非局限，这类体系结构包括工业标准体系结构(ISA)总线、微通道体系结构(MCA)总线、增强ISA(EISA)总线、视频电子技术标准协会(VESA)局部总线以及外围部件互连(PCI)总线，也称为Mezzanine总线。
处理单元120还可包括安全执行环境125。在另一实施例中，安全执行环境125可以是单机组件，如由图2的虚线所示的。安全执行环境125及其与处理单元120或等效设备的交互在以下参考图3和4更详细讨论。
计算机110通常包括各种计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质可以是可由计算机110访问的任一可用介质，并包括易失性和非易失性介质、可移动和不可移动介质。作为示例而非局限，计算机可读介质可包括计算机存储介质和通信介质。计算机存储介质包括以用于储存诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它数据等信息的任一方法或技术实现的易失性和非易失性，可移动和不可移动介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于，RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其它存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其它光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其它磁存储设备、或可以用来储存所期望的信息并可由计算机110访问的任一其它介质。通信介质通常具体化为诸如载波或其它传输机制等已调制数据信号中的计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它数据，并包括任何信息传送介质。术语“已调制数据信号”指以对信号中的信息进行编码的方式设置或改变其一个或多个特征的信号。作为示例而非局限，通信介质包括有线介质，如有线网络或直接连线连接，以及无线介质，如声学、射频、红外和其它无线介质。上述任一的组合也应当包括在计算机可读介质的范围之内。
系统存储器130包括以易失性和/或非易失性存储器形式的计算机存储介质，如只读存储器(ROM)131和随机存取存储器(RAM)132。基本输入/输出系统133(BIOS)包括如在启动时帮助在计算机110内的元件之间传输信息的基本例程，通常储存在ROM 131中。RAM 132通常包含处理单元120立即可访问和/或当前正在操作的数据和/或程序模块。作为示例而非局限，图2示出了操作系统134、应用程序135、其它程序模块136和程序数据137。
计算机110也可包括其它可移动/不可移动、易失性/非易失性计算机存储介质。仅作示例，图2示出了对不可移动、非易失性磁介质进行读写的硬盘驱动器140、对可移动、非易失性磁盘152进行读写的磁盘驱动器151以及对可移动、非易失性光盘156，如CD ROM或其它光介质进行读写的光盘驱动器155。可以在示例性操作环境中使用的其它可移动/不可移动、易失性/非易失性计算机存储介质包括但不限于，磁带盒、闪存卡、数字多功能盘、数字录像带、固态RAM、固态ROM等等。硬盘驱动器141通常通过不可移动存储器接口，如接口140连接到系统总线121，磁盘驱动器151和光盘驱动器155通常通过可移动存储器接口，如接口150连接到系统总线121。
上文讨论并在图2示出的驱动器及其关联的计算机存储介质为计算机110提供了计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块和其它数据的存储。例如，在图2中，示出硬盘驱动器141储存操作系统144、应用程序145、其它程序模块146和程序数据147。注意，这些组件可以与操作系统134、应用程序135、其它程序模块136和程序数据137相同，也可以与它们不同。这里对操作系统144、应用程序145、其它程序模块146和程序数据147给予不同的标号来说明至少它们是不同的副本。用户可以通过输入设备，如键盘162和定点设备161(通常指鼠标、跟踪球或触摸垫)向计算机20输入命令和信息。另一输入设备可以是用于通过因特网发送图像的照相机，称为网络摄像头163。其它输入设备(未示出)可包括麦克风、操纵杆、游戏垫、圆盘式卫星天线、扫描仪等等。这些和其它输入设备通常通过耦合至系统总线的用户输入接口160连接至处理单元120，但是也可以通过其它接口和总线结构连接，如并行端口、游戏端口或通用串行总线(USB)。监视器191或其它类型的显示设备也通过接口，如视频接口190连接至系统总线121。除监视器之外，计算机也可包括其它外围输出设备，如扬声器197和打印机196，它们通过输出外围接口195连接。
计算机110可以使用到一台或多台远程计算机，如远程计算机180的逻辑连接在网络化环境中操作。远程计算机180可以是个人计算机、服务器、路由器、网络PC、对等设备或其它常见的网络节点，并通常包括许多或所有以上相对于计算机110所描述的元件，尽管在图2中仅示出了存储器存储设备181。图2描述的逻辑连接包括局域网(LAN)171和广域网(WAN)173，但也可包括其它网络。这类网络环境常见于办公室、企业范围计算机网络、内联网以及因特网。
当在LAN网络环境中使用时，计算机110通过网络接口或适配器170连接至LAN 171。当在WAN网络环境中使用时，计算机110通常包括调制解调器172或用于通过WAN 173，如因特网建立通信的其它装置。调制解调器172可以是内置或外置的，它通过用户输入接口160或其它适当的机制连接至系统总线121。在网络化环境中，相对于计算机110所描述的程序模块或其部分可储存在远程存储器存储设备中。作为示例而非局限，图2示出远程应用程序185驻留在存储器设备181上。
图3是与图2的安全执行环境125相同或相似的安全执行环境302的框图。安全执行环境302包括安全存储器304。安全存储器304可用于以安全的、防篡改的方式来储存数据、可执行程序、密码密钥或其它信息。具体地，安全存储器304可储存策略信息306、对应于先前的测量和/或制裁活动的历史数据308、以及用于标识计算机110的硬件标识符310。
安全执行环境302可包括测量电路312和制裁电路314。测量电路312可用于收集关于计算机110的操作的数据，尤其是当该数据涉及对策略306的符合的时候。制裁电路314可在确定计算机110不是符合策略306地操作时调用。制裁的特性和严厉性可由策略306来确定。测量电路312和制裁电路314也可用软件来实现，并由处理单元120执行。
讨论并描述了图4，它是调整产品策略的方法的流程图。在框402处，可确定数据收集策略。数据收集策略涉及将用于调整策略并进而设置用于测量与操作策略的符合的操作度量的那些测量。数据收集策略可以是默认的，或者是在递送给最终用户之前最初安装的策略。
然后可在框404处进行测量，以根据框402的数据收集策略来收集计算机处的数据。所收集的用于确定风险因素的数据可包括组件验证、计量活动、时钟验证、先前的强制实施动作、供应分组活动、以及应用程序使用。组件验证可包括确保计算机的特定元件存在并正确工作的测量，例如外围单元可作为包的一部分被绑定到计算机110。收集的与计量活动有关的数据可分析计量的模式以及计量的持续时间来确定它们是否落入正常或历史使用模式中，以及它们是否匹配诸如应用程序使用等其它度量。供应分组接收的历史也可用于确定风险。例如，应用程序使用不应超过计量太多，而计量也不应超过对应于供应分组下载的值太多。
所收集的数据可在框406处进行本地分析并且结果被发送到诸如图1的服务器30等服务器。或者，原始数据可在框406处被发送到服务器，且分析在服务器处完成。
框402处的数据收集策略还可指定要由服务器30在框408处收集的数据。在服务器处收集的数据可包括商业上可用的信用数据、对应于支付历史的本地数据、关于先前的制裁的历史数据、诸如与支持中心的联系等顾客服务数据等等。
在计算机110和服务器两者处收集的数据在两者都被使用的情况下可在框410处被合并，并且被进一步分析以确定风险因素。该风险因素然后可用于设置风险策略。在一个实施例中，该风险因素直接对应于策略，而在另一实施例中，该风险因素可用于从预定策略中进行选择。该策略或策略标识符可在框412处被发送到计算机110。策略可被编码为XML模式。策略可被签署，或者被签署并被加密以使欺诈策略不会被计算机110接受。
在一个实施例中，风险因素或相关数据可例如使用应用程序接口在编程上展示，以与其它实体共享。在某些目标市场中，风险因素或相关数据可以仅是金融历史或对用户可用的责任记录。由计算机110的使用生成的风险因素可以是形成对财政责任的认可中的有价值的第一步，并提供了量化这类信息的标准化方式。使得这类数据尤其在编程上可用可以是对风险因素的测量和计算的一个有价值的副作用。
当验证并安装了策略时，计算机110可使用更新的策略来继续操作。如上所述，策略可包括设置用于测量与策略的符合的准则，并且可包括对应于来自操作系统的周期性信号，例如操作系统心跳(heartbeat)的数据集合。操作系统心跳可以是有规律的信号，在某些实施例中，它是有符号信号，指示操作系统的被批准的、有效的版本正在运行。取决于策略，其它度量可包括先前所取的那些度量以及其它度量中的某一些，诸如指定文件或组件的验证、监视对系统时钟的篡改、标准操作模式的验证、存储器访问的频率和类型、以及供应周期和计量使用之间的时间的持续比较。可进行测量，并且数据可由安全执行环境125来储存。
可在框416处分析测量数据以确定与策略的符合。如果测量数据指示符合策略，则可取从框416出发的“是”分支到框414，并且可收集更多测量数据。
当框416处对测量数据的分析指示与不符合策略时，可取“否”分支，并且在框418处施加制裁。取决于策略的设置，可如上所述施加一定范围的制裁，该范围可从警告到禁用计算机110。
尽管上文阐明了本发明的众多不同实施例的详细描述，但是应当理解，本发明的范围是由本专利开头的权利要求书的文字来定义的。该详细描述应被解释为仅是示例性的，并且未描述本发明的每一可能的实施例，因为描述每一可能的实施例即使不是不可能的也是不切实际的。可使用现有技术或在本专利的提交日之后开发的技术来实现众多替换实施例，这仍落入定义本发明的权利要求书的范围之内。
由此，可对此处所描述并示出的技术和结构作出许多修改和变化而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，应当理解，此处所描述的方法和装置仅是说明性的，而非限制本发明的范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种确定并强制实施电子设备上的策略的方法，包括：
收集对应于所述电子设备的操作的操作数据；
基于所述数据确定风险因素；
设置对应于所述风险因素的策略，所述策略包括测量准则和用于不符合所述策略时的制裁；
在所述电子设备的安全组件处根据所述测量准则来收集测量数据，用于确定对所述策略的符合。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
在所述安全组件处分析所述测量数据以确定与所述策略的符合；以及
当所述安全组件确定不符合所述策略时在所述电子设备上施加制裁。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，收集所述操作数据包括在与所述电子设备分开的服务器处收集所述数据，所述数据至少对应于与所述电子设备相对应的金融交易。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，收集所述数据包括在所述电子设备处收集所述数据，并向与所述电子设备分开的服务器报告所述数据。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，确定所述风险因素包括评估服务器处可用的对应于所述电子设备的信息，所述信息包括在一时间段内支付的金额、支付频率、以及与支持中心的联系中的至少一个。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，确定所述风险因素还包括评估来自所述电子设备的信息，所述信息对应于组件验证、计量活动、时钟验证、先前的强制实施动作、供应分组活动、以及应用程序使用中的至少一个。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在编程上展示所述风险因素以供外部实体使用。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述设置用于测量电子设备的策略还包括设置对应于以下的至少一个的准则：操作系统心跳、指定文件的验证、系统时钟的验证、操作模式、存储器访问频率以及供应周期之间的时间。
9.一种适用于符合对应于按使用付费或即用即付操作的策略的按使用付费或即用即付操作的计算机，包括：
处理单元；
耦合到所述处理单元的存储器，所述存储器储存用于实现以下动作的可执行指令：
设置对应于监视对所述策略的符合的至少一个操作参数；
设置对应于强制实施所述策略的制裁参数；以及
在确定所述计算机正在所述至少一个操作参数之外操作之后，根据所述制裁参数强制实施制裁。
10.如权利要求9所述的计算机，其特征在于，所述存储器还储存用于收集对应于所述计算机的操作的第一数据的可执行指令。
11.如权利要求10所述的计算机，其特征在于，所述存储器还储存用于从所述第一数据中形成所述至少一个操作参数的可执行指令。
12.如权利要求10所述的计算机，其特征在于，所述第一数据包括组件验证、计量活动、时钟验证、先前的强制实施动作、应用程序使用和供应周期中的至少一个。
13.如权利要求10所述的计算机，其特征在于，还包括用于将所述第一数据发送到服务器的通信电路。
14.如权利要求13所述的计算机，其特征在于，所述通信电路从所述服务器接收至少一个操作参数，所述操作参数对应于所述第一数据。
15.如权利要求9所述的计算机，其特征在于，还包括用于从服务器接收所述至少一个操作参数的通信电路。
16.如权利要求9所述的计算机，其特征在于，还包括储存用于监视计算机性能以确定对所述策略的符合的第四可执行指令的存储器。
17.一种储存在具有至少一个计量使用计算机的网络中的服务器上使用的计算机可执行指令的计算机可读介质，所述计算机可执行指令实现一种方法，所述方法包括：
获取对应于与所述计量使用计算机相对应的用户行为的数据；
形成对应于监视与一策略的符合的至少一个参数以在所述计量使用计算机处执行；
将所述至少一个参数发送到所述计量使用计算机。
18.如权利要求17所述的计算机可读介质，其特征在于，所述用于获取对应于用户行为的数据的计算机可执行指令还包括从所述计量使用计算机接收对应于在所述计算机处监视的操作特性的数据；并且所述方法还包括：
基于在所述计算机处监视的操作特性，形成对应于监视对所述策略的符合的至少一个参数。
19.如权利要求17所述的计算机可读介质，其特征在于，所述用于获取对应于用户行为的数据的计算机可执行指令还包括获取对应于用于所述计量使用计算机的操作的计量使用购买的记录。
20.如权利要求17所述的计算机可读介质，其特征在于，还包括根据所述至少一个参数监视所述符合。
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