Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of intra ocular artificial lens, wherein as far as possible near the natural regulatory function of eyes.
Because positioner is suitable for that optical element is forced to the stop bit of having a rest and puts, this purpose is achieved.Thereby, formed just like the same structure of natural lens, wherein there be not external force to be applied in the situation on the artificial lens construction, it returns on the whole the stop bit of having a rest and puts.
According to the first embodiment, optical element is suitable for returning to and has be used to seeing that the dioptric stop bit of having a rest nearby puts.This is to see modal situation nearby in our present society, for example, reads or browse computer screen.
In alternate embodiments, optical element is suitable for returning to the dioptric stop bit of having a rest that has be used to seeing the distant place and puts.In this embodiment, when being adjusted to close-ups, element moves away from the stop bit of having a rest and puts.
Two kinds of embodiments have all used the structure that drives prosthetic lens, and these structures all are similar to a little the driving mechanism of nature eye lens.
Another embodiment provides following measure, that is, positioner is included in the work stop device of (active) of at least one position.These stop devices can be positioned on structural desirable (attractive) position around the intra-ocular lens.Stop device can be located so that element all works at the two ends of working range, thereby they are with being construed as limiting the area that optical element is movable through.
Another embodiment provides following measure, that is, positioner is suitable for outwards urging the outward flange of pouch, and makes this edge and ciliary muscle Mechanical Contact.The flexible support ribbons indirect joint that pouch is passed through radially to extend is to ciliary muscle.This measure is connected to ciliary muscle with the edge of pouch, and therefore, the motion of ciliary muscle is directly changed into the motion of optical element, thereby has obtained more direct being coupled.
Another preferred implementation provides following measure, that is, optical element forms in their overlapping maximum positions to have the low light level and learn dioptric crystalline lens, and forms the crystalline lens with the strongest optical diopter in their overlapping minimum positions.This has been avoided following situation, that is, when iris magnified, quality was observed in the dazzle impact.
Alternate embodiments provides following measure, that is, optical element forms in their overlapping maximum positions to have high light and learn dioptric crystalline lens, and forms the crystalline lens with the most weak optical diopter in their overlapping minimum positions.Utilize the particular design of artificial lens construction, this embodiment has the size that reduces within the eye.
Next embodiment provides following measure, that is, regulate the stop bit of having a rest of optical element after positioner is suitable in being implanted to pouch and put.In the operation process, implant prosthetic lens.Often, owing to can not accurately determine in advance the situation of ophthalmic, so positioner need to have some adjustables.Therefore, at intra-operative, can be according to the situation regulating positioning device of finding.Yet, also may after regulate again, for example, lenticular through lasting in user has been experienced the synthetic eye in several weeks.It is viewed not normal period that can correct this section this moment.
By comprise the adjustable element of size in positioner, it is desirable implementing this embodiment.This adjustable obtains by comprise two parts in element, they can be connected to each other at diverse location, for example, can engage pattern (pattern) by providing for one of them parts, and the engagement device that is suitable for engaging at diverse location this pattern is provided for other element.Also may utilize the element that can change length by external factor.Its example forms by the element made with certain polymer, and this element is by providing energy to carry out further polymerization, and changes its length in this further polymerization process.Another example is just to use so-called memory metal and since append energy---be preferably laser in this application, memory metal can change their shape lastingly.Element with this shape can be designed to that its length can change when its alteration of form.
Relatively simple the first embodiment provides following measure, namely, driving device comprises four bars, wherein the first pair of bar is connected to the side of one of them optical element, second pair of bar is connected to the opposite side of another optical element, and one of them of every pair of bar is connected with the first of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch, and two other bars of every pair of bar all are connected with the second motion parts with the ciliary muscle associated movement, and the second motion parts is positioned to relative with first.
Alternate embodiments provides following measure, that is, driving device comprises the element that mainly is rigidly connected, and element one side that is rigidly connected is connected with optical element, and is suitable for being connected with the part of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch at opposite side.This measure also provides better simply structure, in addition, provides more direct being coupled between the motion of the part that is connected to ciliary muscle of pouch and described optical element.
Obviously, also the element that is rigidly connected may be manufactured firm to so that whole parts have propagation function, thereby do not need other guider.This is so that the rigid element volume is too large.For preventing this situation, desirable (attractive) mode is by link optical element to be connected to pouch at opposite side.
This link can have the configuration of sliding structure or hinge structure.Positioner is comprised flexibly connect element, flexibly connect element and be positioned at side with the elements relative that is rigidly connected, it is connected to optical element and is designed to be able to and is connected with the edge of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch.Therefore, obtained lightweight support component, so that structure is very simple and efficient.
As mentioned above, the present invention needs to exist between the part of same ciliary muscle associated movement of link and pouch and connects.In order to set up this connection, rigidity and compliant member have fixture, be also referred to as " button loop (haptics) ", it is positioned at each means of attachment to the relative place, side of that side of optical element, and fixture allows to be connected to the part of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch.These fixtures can be the integral part of rigidity or flexible attachment components.
Intra-ocular lens must be implanted in operation process.This means that ciliary muscle loosens in implantation process.Intra-ocular lens according to the first embodiment is positioned at---because structure is urged the positioner that the stop bit of having a rest is put---stop bit of having a rest and puts.Then, intra-ocular lens has the highest diopter, and driving device shrinks.Within the eye in the prosthetic lens implantation process, between rigidity and the flexible attachment components, may fully not be connected between the edge of fixture and the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch.Need this connection, so that link is connected with the part of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch, become possibility so that regulate the normal function of intra-ocular lens.For this contact is provided, another embodiment provides following feature, that is, intra-ocular lens comprises retaining element, retaining element worked within the limited cycle, and can realize contacting between the part of rigidity and flexible attachment components and the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch.These retaining elements connect the part of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of rigidity and flexible attachment components and pouch, thereby these parts have had the possibility that grows together.
Above-mentioned measure needs following situation,, behind the limit cycle of lasting connection growth, does not hinder regulatory function that is.Therefore, another embodiment provides following measure, that is, retaining element is by being made by the material of the dissolving of the liquid in the eyes.Can suppose that the time long enough of course of dissolution cost grows together with the part of the same ciliary muscle associated movement that allows link and pouch.
In another embodiment, comprise Ω shape structure in each flexible attachment components.This Ω shape structure can simply be made by milling or molding process, and calculates, and this shape is very suitable, because the mechanical tension distribution is favourable.This is important, because must prevent as far as possible the fatigue of material.
Preferred implementation of the present invention comprises stop device.Above-mentioned Ω shape structure provides possibility these stop devices to be embodied as the stop teat that is arranged in these Ω shape structures.Comprise that the stop teat is a kind of simple measure.
In alternative constructions, flexible by following measure acquisition, that is, flexible attachment components comprises the longitudinal component of the direction of motion extension that is basically perpendicular to optical element, and it is connected to fixture at two ends, is connected to optical element at medium position.This configuration seems to have desirable mechanical property.
Modern technologies and material provide make thin, according to the probability of intra-ocular lens of the present invention.Yet this has caused following problem, that is, and and the crystalline lens overrelaxation that can become, and optical surface can be applied to its force deformation in adjustment process.Because optical element, this will cause degenerating of crystalline lens optical quality.This measure of reinforcing element by extending around the edge that is provided at optical element can prevent this situation, and by reinforcing element, optical element will obtain required rigidity.
Modern attachment techniques provides following probability, that is, the edge of reinforcement is made by the material different from the material of making optical element.This provides the material of selecting optimum specification to be fit to the measure of specific (special) requirements.
But the pouch contact optical element that optical element inserts and bonding (stick) or tie (tack) to them or even grow together.This can affect the function of the regulatory function of intra-ocular lens.In order to prevent this situation, fixture is equipped with the cushion block parts that extend along optical axis direction, and the front side of its maintenance pouch and rear side and optical element leave.
Particular implementation provides following measure, that is, the shape of fixture is so that they are suitable for changing the diameter of pouch flexibly.Pouch is dynamic cell; It changes shape and diameter according to the contraction of ciliary muscle or the state that loosens.
Principle of the present invention need to be used at least two optical elements.The inventor is well understood to, and these elements can be identical.This says very favourable in the angle of making.Essential attention, this feature also not only refers to optical element, and refer to be connected to the parts of optical element.
Obviously, two elements must be positioned on two different axis and rotate.Optical element also can have different shapes, and perhaps the regulatory function of one of them optical element can be added on the fixing dioptric crystalline lens, and this fixing dioptric crystalline lens can be corrected the basic dioptric of eyes.Produced different optical elements thereupon.
Flexible connecting member can be made with identical material with fixture with fixture and rigid connector.This feature provides by same manufacturing process---for example by turning and milling or by molded---produces the chance of all these parts.
Also possible with different material manufacture optical elements and other parts, therefore can be the selection of each function optimization material.
According to selected material, separately make and treat that the element that links together subsequently also is desirable.This embodiment also relates to the method for making intra ocular artificial lens, the positioner that it comprises at least two optical elements and is used for optical element is positioned at pouch, and wherein two optical elements connect before prosthetic lens is implanted pouch.
Desirable, one of them is planted and connects by the mechanical form acquisition that is connected between optical element, flexibility and rigid connector and the fixture.This connection can be made simply, and does not use other device.
This embodiment also relates to a kind of method for the manufacture of intra ocular artificial lens, it comprises at least two optical elements and optical element is positioned at positioner in the pouch that wherein optical element is connected to positioner in the operation process that intra-ocular lens is positioned in the pouch.Also possiblely be optical element, flexibility and be rigidly connected between parts and the fixture that one of them is planted to connect and comprises bonding connection.Bonding type must carefully be selected, and makes it not affect lenticular function.
When optical element, flexibility be rigidly connected between parts and the fixture that one of them plants the repeated polymerization effect that connects by material when obtaining, obtained desirable especially embodiment.
Another possibility is, optical element, flexibility and be rigidly connected between parts and the fixture that one of them is planted and connects by being welded to connect acquisition.Laser and ultrasonic technique are the examples of this solder technology.
Also possiblely be optical element, flexibility and be rigidly connected between parts and the fixture that one of them is planted to connect and is connected to form by molded.Might use same or different material for different elements and parts.
When using form fit to connect, preferably, connection should be in various relative positions.This provides and has changed the chance of optical element relative position, and the possibility that makes optical specification be suitable for wearer's condition is provided.This process can occur when implanting intra ocular artificial lens.The invention still further relates to and during implanting, determine pouch size and the method for work that connects the optical element with positioner according to described measured value.
After the implantation, fixture must be fixed to the part of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch.The tissue of supposing fixture and pouch grows together.Optional scheme is, for fixture provides coarse or wrinkling surface to stimulate this growth course.Coarse and the wrinkling extension letter justice that comprises the surface area with other shape or other increase pattern of term.
Be noted that in addition that in order to use feature of the present invention optical element certain distance of must moving is poor to produce enough diopters between end position.It may be exactly this situation that the internal diameter varies of ciliary muscle is not enough to use the present invention.
By using substantially head it off of leverage, leverage becomes the little conversion of motion of ciliary muscle the large motion of optical element.
Also may utilize the additional-energy of other form---micromechanics for example, it is included in the blood flow, perhaps in response to the motion of electromotive force or ciliary muscle or eyelid.Ciliary muscle or be can be used to control the motion of optical element by the represented direction of visual lines in the position of eyeball or iris.Do not get rid of for control yet or be used for energy---the energy of drive system for example, for example from the energy of light---the out of Memory source.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the axonometric chart according to intra ocular artificial lens of the present invention, and wherein crystalline lens is whole represents with 1.Crystalline lens comprises two optical elements 2,3, and they all are positioned on the lenticular optical axis 4.The optical signature of crystalline lens 1 changes with the mutual movement of optical element.Optical element 2, the 3rd, separately.From optical angle, these elements can contact, but from angle biology about the precipitate on the optical element and possible tiing (tack), this contact is so undesirable.
Upper optical element 2 is connected to fixture 6 by the parts 5 that are rigidly connected, intra ocular artificial lens is attached to pouch in---ophthalmic be used for lenticular natural cavity---.Lower optical element 3 is connected to fixture 8 by the parts 7 that are rigidly connected.Fixture 6,8 extends in relative position, and they are suitable for being attached to the part of the same ciliary muscle associated movement of pouch.
Optical element 2 is connected to the fixture 10 of the elements relative side that is rigidly connected by flexible attachment components 9.And optical element 3 is connected to the fixture 12 of the elements relative side that is rigidly connected by flexible attachment components 11. Fixture 10 and 12 roles are similar to fixture 6 and 8, are respectively applied to supporting optical component 2 and 3. Flexible attachment components 9,11 flexibility allow optical element 2,3 motions.Because this structure, upper optical element 2 will along with the motion of fixture 6 and along with the motion of the connected part of pouch associated movement, pouch is then with the ciliary muscle associated movement.Similarly, optical element 3 will be with fixture 8 associated movements.According to this structure, optical element will present mutual linear movement.Also might construct as follows link, that is, so that optical element presents mutual rotation or aggregate motion.In the situation of the design that is used for rotational motion, center of rotation can place the outside of optical element.
In every way connection fixture to 6,12 and connection fixture to 8,10.Yet keeping these fixtures also is a kind of selection scheme to disconnecting.But all fixtures must be attached to pouch.
Fixture 6,8,10,12 is equipped with extension 13 to produce the interval between pouch and optical element.
Point out that at last this figure is sketch map, be intended to illustrate various elements, their relative position and their function.The shape of various elements can---and inciting somebody to action in most cases---remarkable difference.
Fig. 2 illustrate in greater detail optical element 2 with and the structure of attached parts.This relates in particular to the flexible attachment components 9 that Ω shaped part part 15 is housed.The structure of Ω shaped part part provides flexibility to a certain degree.Be conducive to prevent mechanical stress concentration although Ω shaped part part has been shown among the figure, also do not get rid of other shape, for example thread-shaped and spiral type.Compliant member 9 also is equipped with two stopping elements 16,17, and they define respectively the stop bit of having a rest of optical element 2 and 3 and put, but does not get rid of other structure.
Another modification has been shown among Fig. 3, wherein, has replaced Ω shaped part part 15, used two this structure 15A and 15B, they all are positioned at same plane.In this structure, possible cross force is cancelled, and is therefore only remaining along the vertical power that acts on of flexible attachment components.
Fig. 4 shows a kind of modification, and wherein optical element 2,3 makes so thin so that these elements do not have enough rigidity. Optical element 2,3 all is equipped with the support portion 18 of thickening along the edge, to prevent the position of indefiniteness.And the ring portion of Ω shaped part part extends in the plane that is parallel to optical axis.And, also may use two ring portions that are positioned at same plane.
Fig. 5 illustrates the alternative method be used to the optical element that suspends.Ciliary muscle make two diagonally, the fixture 20 of relative localization, 21 motions, fixture 20,21 connects by four bars 22,23,24,25 that are positioned to rhombus.Between each bar and the fixture and between the bar 22,23, comprise hinge between the bar 24,25.Two last hinges also are connected respectively to optical element 2,3.Fixture 20,21 motion will cause the mutual motion of optical element 2 and 3.With preferred embodiment compare, in this embodiment, do not comprise flexible member.Yet, can comprise that stop teat 26,27 puts with the restriction stop bit of having a rest.Can comprise that other stop teat is to limit another extreme position of motion.
Fig. 6 shows in detail the selection scheme for optical element and the connection between the parts that is rigidly connected.Wherein the adjusting between two elements 2 and 9 or adaptive be possible.The parts that are rigidly connected comprise a plurality of recesses 28, and recess 28 is suitable for engaging and is attached to a plurality of protruding 29 of optical element.By a large amount of recesses, optical element may be connected to different mutual alignments from the parts that are rigidly connected.This measure so that the mutual alignment that two optical elements are in the stop bit of having a rest when putting can be able to adaptive, and therefore so that the diopter of putting at the stop bit of having a rest is able to adaptive.This borrowing executed the stage that provides than the back carries out this adaptive possibility---for example at the lenticular intra-operative in location---.
Fig. 7 illustrates flexible attachment components and is connected the alternative constructions of fixture with connection, wherein only shows an optical element.Link comprises the oval-shaped part 30 transverse to the axis of movement location of optical element.This oval link 30 extremely is connected to fixture 12 by coupling part 31,32 at it, and is connected to optical element 2 by bridging part 33.In this embodiment, provide flexible by oval-shaped part 30 and coupling part 31 and 32.Should be pointed out that coupling part 31,32 should be crooked, to obtain optimum force distribution.Therefore, by fixture 12, coupling part 31 and 32 and oval link 30 formed shape sealing, that null ellipse is arranged.Stopping element 34,35 can be included in 12,30,31,32 openings that form.These stopping elements provide the retainer 16 that is similar to shown in Fig. 2,17 function.Obviously, intra-ocular lens according to the present invention comprises two optical elements, the angle of this two mutual Rotate 180s of optical element °, and structure is like that as shown in fig. 1.
The above illustrates, at optical element be rigidly connected and can regulate between the element, but regulatory function also can be incorporated into be rigidly connected between parts and the fixture or optical element and flexibly connect between the element or flexibly connect element and attached fixture between.The combination of all these measures also is possibility.
Obviously, except the structure that illustrates, have a plurality of recesses and projection, also can use other structure.For example, can add that the part of different length is to replace rigidity or flexible attachment components.
As a rule, obviously, can use the combination of the measure of above-mentioned various embodiments.In the situation that does not deviate from protection scope of the present invention, also may carry out alienation to described embodiment.