CA2642758A1 - Bioerodible endoprostheses and methods of making the same - Google Patents
Bioerodible endoprostheses and methods of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2642758A1 CA2642758A1 CA002642758A CA2642758A CA2642758A1 CA 2642758 A1 CA2642758 A1 CA 2642758A1 CA 002642758 A CA002642758 A CA 002642758A CA 2642758 A CA2642758 A CA 2642758A CA 2642758 A1 CA2642758 A1 CA 2642758A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- endoprosthesis
- region
- base
- polymer
- bioerodible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/148—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/082—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/084—Carbon; Graphite
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/18—Modification of implant surfaces in order to improve biocompatibility, cell growth, fixation of biomolecules, e.g. plasma treatment
Abstract
Endoprostheses include a wall having a base, e.g., a bioerodible base, and a polymer that may include a region of carbonized polymer formed by implantation.
Description
4f<c~r ~~ ~As>ei;s: ? Ãz.: ~#~5'?' . ~43'+~=f~~ ::#~ca~t ~arf. ~t~.: ~4-1}1:~Ci9 BI0ERODIBLE ENDOPROSTHESES AND METHODS O!< MAK[NGTH~~~~.
SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
11hTis ail..clt.'surr`, , a:el<1:.e5 td3 b?.tie{'od7bll:
:#7di?pI'Csi*the'..'~.Os.. and $f`, mS:$...3C?i.~s of .'s # a~"siD , }?'.t.#,:
BACKGROUNIND
T>`.L bow.4' r;noelldi'.~ ' a#'>t:3s#s paS".lgow2ys s:.I's::.3 as <:i;;lo`"#.3_':s, +3sU"z blood va.sCoit.
.',..Ei 53thr:.; >>+` i't' lut"#3e#~4. '~1e iL i~as.r,`~f 4Y a4T .~[3#ile1Tt f t- i;~=CC3-t~".;.f: t)4S l <:#~3a.:ia or ~ C.aki::'#.Li?; s u... Y3C:= L?f.C.i3.ided.
pia.qt#:L. or :Y'Cz.isinod by i3t`. al_..1ea: s':il"tl. When this occum ::i1c p.=:ss`4rowi#? bc (}? ~iE ~3 or >L.dÃ:ft).,"'t,+.t,~i >xd3t-h u#.:#ed.c;v#l endoprosthesis. An 4i,d:?,".~~.c?affif:;s, t is E:YO 1#,.::11::.Z, a WbE'a,r,.i #:ae:s3:?:=a $.l7<`a: is placed i33 ..: k1.3.'#F#en in thi,~
bi}dy. I':;?.wI'#ple5 of t':rt.:f3pros t;.3e>e5 ,..>~~.vi34 u: 4tents, wad st::nt T.t'afts;
..".t`,~--ob~ mms wan be dC Ei: '( iC d:?`aidL hS= bo'Lly by t r ffib::ri3iai 15 the 25; a b:o#`I?p<?ettsd or y'edl.e:ed ttz`r,..' ft?tu.. <ls~ the cnelt"p1'o>t+.¾ls'.x#> #s, i..s"i#.t,`spt,ltt.d to ax :C:jl#'o{, UPon "e,'=`zLhE.:"?g ti1L= ;iitc= the endoprosthesis s expe.iÃad3:ad, h., w th<:l .an t.oi3ti:ic-t ti?C wa h-e of the li.3i17:d;2i"
T#..' kx .]a#tsFoil TI1S~~i`slFlf~f.3 173t2~ ft3Ã:=l3.ede tE?f'o11 8? ~':.hf:~
cI'stat?p1:..,-,thes3s to :.;ipi#1',`;l #c,d#anly .F,.?w" a?<33~'i;? a., :.1?:'L expansion ~1~'=i;:~?{~~'3xL~, t.ti~#?
1i2ol~.+_~~. .~.~: ~,.~r~'F~ .lt". .:_t## y:ÃI~~ c 2 :# ~?"~~E?Cfal, ?vh#?..h ::.;~:t?'4'."1es a bc3ltC)m-'xptinf";<#.bEe C;ndt7pt'tssEhe;ia',"~.': Tl`>s., "3all#.?o.? 4..ari ,z:~
..fl:=iÃ:ei: ~E. d:'>.mn and to fix thi.~ expanded utlzwpifsstht;s#s at ,.
~..:~~.Ã.,. t' ,p+:.~ balloon 'wii#1 then be sL~~i$~ed,. iwW, the Q~aihC.tt;I.
. 'vi:~1 ia7~:- iw.T?L=#"? ~=~tE.?l. 's,7 .: . is S:zc?u.16::I7 ..:s dt'S,#..,blC: fim' au3 #.rnpla#'2tt:Ei LIAdi3pi'osmet:fs to c.'ode over ti1'1,e 2,5 WFEh In t}?b t~ftl=*ss3s i :~=~`i"'3y. (a ~Ã L?ii~#~~~3~~: i3 ~:tt~~f ~=F'E~Cz#~?:t t Y#C~i;~~.3~ti~~ ~.~ i~.# ~ l'.C3 :, #f .?7.i3.'t#e as a pE.,na.:5 ra {3b~Gv'.l in rii.c bs3dy, which lAia\' 1rS;ip ~[ic p.:ssqgp~w'a: s.t:'+.(3Y a_.d 'W itti t.>wa~i x~# c,. #,~ q <~7 ~t i~.
L=_>e:C~4#..`'7#?.
SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
11hTis ail..clt.'surr`, , a:el<1:.e5 td3 b?.tie{'od7bll:
:#7di?pI'Csi*the'..'~.Os.. and $f`, mS:$...3C?i.~s of .'s # a~"siD , }?'.t.#,:
BACKGROUNIND
T>`.L bow.4' r;noelldi'.~ ' a#'>t:3s#s paS".lgow2ys s:.I's::.3 as <:i;;lo`"#.3_':s, +3sU"z blood va.sCoit.
.',..Ei 53thr:.; >>+` i't' lut"#3e#~4. '~1e iL i~as.r,`~f 4Y a4T .~[3#ile1Tt f t- i;~=CC3-t~".;.f: t)4S l <:#~3a.:ia or ~ C.aki::'#.Li?; s u... Y3C:= L?f.C.i3.ided.
pia.qt#:L. or :Y'Cz.isinod by i3t`. al_..1ea: s':il"tl. When this occum ::i1c p.=:ss`4rowi#? bc (}? ~iE ~3 or >L.dÃ:ft).,"'t,+.t,~i >xd3t-h u#.:#ed.c;v#l endoprosthesis. An 4i,d:?,".~~.c?affif:;s, t is E:YO 1#,.::11::.Z, a WbE'a,r,.i #:ae:s3:?:=a $.l7<`a: is placed i33 ..: k1.3.'#F#en in thi,~
bi}dy. I':;?.wI'#ple5 of t':rt.:f3pros t;.3e>e5 ,..>~~.vi34 u: 4tents, wad st::nt T.t'afts;
..".t`,~--ob~ mms wan be dC Ei: '( iC d:?`aidL hS= bo'Lly by t r ffib::ri3iai 15 the 25; a b:o#`I?p<?ettsd or y'edl.e:ed ttz`r,..' ft?tu.. <ls~ the cnelt"p1'o>t+.¾ls'.x#> #s, i..s"i#.t,`spt,ltt.d to ax :C:jl#'o{, UPon "e,'=`zLhE.:"?g ti1L= ;iitc= the endoprosthesis s expe.iÃad3:ad, h., w th<:l .an t.oi3ti:ic-t ti?C wa h-e of the li.3i17:d;2i"
T#..' kx .]a#tsFoil TI1S~~i`slFlf~f.3 173t2~ ft3Ã:=l3.ede tE?f'o11 8? ~':.hf:~
cI'stat?p1:..,-,thes3s to :.;ipi#1',`;l #c,d#anly .F,.?w" a?<33~'i;? a., :.1?:'L expansion ~1~'=i;:~?{~~'3xL~, t.ti~#?
1i2ol~.+_~~. .~.~: ~,.~r~'F~ .lt". .:_t## y:ÃI~~ c 2 :# ~?"~~E?Cfal, ?vh#?..h ::.;~:t?'4'."1es a bc3ltC)m-'xptinf";<#.bEe C;ndt7pt'tssEhe;ia',"~.': Tl`>s., "3all#.?o.? 4..ari ,z:~
..fl:=iÃ:ei: ~E. d:'>.mn and to fix thi.~ expanded utlzwpifsstht;s#s at ,.
~..:~~.Ã.,. t' ,p+:.~ balloon 'wii#1 then be sL~~i$~ed,. iwW, the Q~aihC.tt;I.
. 'vi:~1 ia7~:- iw.T?L=#"? ~=~tE.?l. 's,7 .: . is S:zc?u.16::I7 ..:s dt'S,#..,blC: fim' au3 #.rnpla#'2tt:Ei LIAdi3pi'osmet:fs to c.'ode over ti1'1,e 2,5 WFEh In t}?b t~ftl=*ss3s i :~=~`i"'3y. (a ~Ã L?ii~#~~~3~~: i3 ~:tt~~f ~=F'E~Cz#~?:t t Y#C~i;~~.3~ti~~ ~.~ i~.# ~ l'.C3 :, #f .?7.i3.'t#e as a pE.,na.:5 ra {3b~Gv'.l in rii.c bs3dy, which lAia\' 1rS;ip ~[ic p.:ssqgp~w'a: s.t:'+.(3Y a_.d 'W itti t.>wa~i x~# c,. #,~ q <~7 ~t i~.
L=_>e:C~4#..`'7#?.
Amwsc.y DucK.# Ni,:: 1Ã+ 27 . AVQ}3IÃ.'ÃÃsni Izef. 'No.;
SUMMAR"4`.
Fh:s d3,.c,f~suro ri:h3:::s to b#.C)ci'odÃbl<' i:Ã'?doprtr-Aheses and to rf:ifl.\t).is s,3z`
Ã7ÃakIÃ~~~? :ti1~.~ st? ~;.~:;. } ~'2i~,i f'.=ni.~C~~.~k~~?s ,~.+~.zc~:,~i Mi~.Ãr., i' g ~1.'f'=.1~=1'd~'~ ;?.#3:c?'<.:~ i ;" ~~~0 `..i;~~~{?Ã'~.
z4 4Q,2c.~ ~,rt.1~.l~(~, :'3 3a t . ''~2 can 5::::'z-!~ ~`3i: r~ Y 'c5.i' ~'c .~~\s~e . ~ < c ~Y _',~~f `:~l`= tN'Tly`~.o~:=+Ã;oSt~7i,~~{.'=~s f~Ãtii'.=z<3:~i..~x ~.t,3:Ã~~.~Ã3'~.f kr, ~,Ã.mk i3l ~ a t,o.Ã??#.t`.;:3i:f> \...t'> .3ÃwfZZtC`,:Ã'.[T?illf'.[a _iTl.fn: 1e. ;Pt the bCSCn;' 6dÃ..d"o1' Laii be cC?nai.::,Ã.iE::~ to ~.:
.ieh1'ca tlh.:apt:;.ibf:; a;YeiztS Ã.Ã"f a c[?Fii-r<3fli:d &n.E~.
p1'i`~~etf;rm1:led `;u;.~xla, r0 sp.6fic zi.
`obf:sd4'.
An aspect, the uIScl#)sta.F'o features t`3f~, e.Ã1di;p:"t1~thLs::S'Ãflc3t ..Ã3%:ildL:s 'c''#-17 end`.tpÃotia.,es3s i'5a? Eic~,L'F:~iY cF.~:5~+~.~a"(1f~it)?~: base and a .~:
~F~:i )#~ tk~cit~l.~f.? ~- ~-"~'~ ~' ` t :..s'.,~.C~^E.:.:..
~ - Ã.: ed ai# .A"sio..iw:' aaspe{."Ã., the disclosure fatÃ.Ã#'cs a method of x71ah.#Iio:
:?;Ã
~..`Eilt'1.Ã 3.i::lu"lLs P7't2v#diI1g an :'`.ndL?pILb~Ih`Lsl~: that includes a it"t,C`>f:$"t3dIb"4i.', b<;",#..: px5 yi7>eÃ`, ..:xi 1' c'afirik? the g (1l'y'i+3r:r bv ion idYlr, hE.ftc3a;011.
3., iÃ:iio.3.o: ,:sp'{;d, the ti.ixtfl.Ios a :Ã' Cftt?f.fd of an i.xClt `.I1.k=x12%fZf.s y'7r3'<#;.]ng r.Ã;l t:z`ztiC?pxos,1,11:0R1,~ having a 1n{..w~ ~.?clsL= cillCi ~~,,' .a~'in.N; a p.3ry:'..#c:i' l:3v+.-#.', and tÃ'ea ~ngaht; pL33 e"rY7t=.z.' layer bv . d+JI? ,:ÃnplaÃ`Ãti3tÃ:{:Fn.
ftianft.FlV-aspect, the dlsL'lo.w3:o 2L'MtiSti...Y
SUMMAR"4`.
Fh:s d3,.c,f~suro ri:h3:::s to b#.C)ci'odÃbl<' i:Ã'?doprtr-Aheses and to rf:ifl.\t).is s,3z`
Ã7ÃakIÃ~~~? :ti1~.~ st? ~;.~:;. } ~'2i~,i f'.=ni.~C~~.~k~~?s ,~.+~.zc~:,~i Mi~.Ãr., i' g ~1.'f'=.1~=1'd~'~ ;?.#3:c?'<.:~ i ;" ~~~0 `..i;~~~{?Ã'~.
z4 4Q,2c.~ ~,rt.1~.l~(~, :'3 3a t . ''~2 can 5::::'z-!~ ~`3i: r~ Y 'c5.i' ~'c .~~\s~e . ~ < c ~Y _',~~f `:~l`= tN'Tly`~.o~:=+Ã;oSt~7i,~~{.'=~s f~Ãtii'.=z<3:~i..~x ~.t,3:Ã~~.~Ã3'~.f kr, ~,Ã.mk i3l ~ a t,o.Ã??#.t`.;:3i:f> \...t'> .3ÃwfZZtC`,:Ã'.[T?illf'.[a _iTl.fn: 1e. ;Pt the bCSCn;' 6dÃ..d"o1' Laii be cC?nai.::,Ã.iE::~ to ~.:
.ieh1'ca tlh.:apt:;.ibf:; a;YeiztS Ã.Ã"f a c[?Fii-r<3fli:d &n.E~.
p1'i`~~etf;rm1:led `;u;.~xla, r0 sp.6fic zi.
`obf:sd4'.
An aspect, the uIScl#)sta.F'o features t`3f~, e.Ã1di;p:"t1~thLs::S'Ãflc3t ..Ã3%:ildL:s 'c''#-17 end`.tpÃotia.,es3s i'5a? Eic~,L'F:~iY cF.~:5~+~.~a"(1f~it)?~: base and a .~:
~F~:i )#~ tk~cit~l.~f.? ~- ~-"~'~ ~' ` t :..s'.,~.C~^E.:.:..
~ - Ã.: ed ai# .A"sio..iw:' aaspe{."Ã., the disclosure fatÃ.Ã#'cs a method of x71ah.#Iio:
:?;Ã
~..`Eilt'1.Ã 3.i::lu"lLs P7't2v#diI1g an :'`.ndL?pILb~Ih`Lsl~: that includes a it"t,C`>f:$"t3dIb"4i.', b<;",#..: px5 yi7>eÃ`, ..:xi 1' c'afirik? the g (1l'y'i+3r:r bv ion idYlr, hE.ftc3a;011.
3., iÃ:iio.3.o: ,:sp'{;d, the ti.ixtfl.Ios a :Ã' Cftt?f.fd of an i.xClt `.I1.k=x12%fZf.s y'7r3'<#;.]ng r.Ã;l t:z`ztiC?pxos,1,11:0R1,~ having a 1n{..w~ ~.?clsL= cillCi ~~,,' .a~'in.N; a p.3ry:'..#c:i' l:3v+.-#.', and tÃ'ea ~ngaht; pL33 e"rY7t=.z.' layer bv . d+JI? ,:ÃnplaÃ`Ãti3tÃ:{:Fn.
ftianft.FlV-aspect, the dlsL'lo.w3:o 2L'MtiSti...Y
4=1i~t~F~~S\~'.:,+#.i}k.4{._s,t dlk.i~4:\1[1bitC2 ID peC2S4 >.Fi;. :).t ; Ã)Z ak iTr, ~
1d u?I it...l7 k l~r~'c E:: t.te disclosure f3.;a~iir`+a,'k; 'c`,~3 t'Ã;.d#;}pIs`tthC`sIs that i,~ filled wtti3 one or iry'Ãt?,v ,,:L'.-ri1poutii: xlwa.'.Ã'&tc-"5 trL'cÃtctÃa with !?Iic or iiiorL t;sorsÃpeL1tÃL' agf.n~s, and.'s,=)" ' hat< a ~,.iÃv`.ii.Ã"i..{~ N::;: <i3f'i: ;~'iC?3~~?}.?~>lf`+~;y; as C.~+`,'.5~'ii~~t;C~ herein, in ii+~?'ic.:i ~Ã'~{:'tk. L~ 1~:'i l Ltf', o 3c: or 1o,: iler.tpeLÃti:;~ agf:nis.
t.;ih,er <.spci,+.g or oi?-1bi3d3,ru#3ts may h1cl1Ido `:=f?m.3lnauC?#:a4 of hS; features tn, dE:::
<3hr3t.:.d..LJ above i,..ÃdIis, one or nÃL?it: of ~~.'~.f.., 1'611.k>w3'f`lg.
3'TInf.'~ b3-se is a b:o`'.rf-?dÃhzc poiij`..,`=Ã.
`t`i~f.'.=3~! 3.,.k2ibi,3n !L;d , pol.., 3c3...Ã~ an ÃtÃ`'.t.tS4 F<3i :i7d?U3fil'sà i ii.3Ã'. of flntr b<1:s,-,c ~ . . .. .. . ~r . . .
p .i Thf base is a it`!?C3f:`:<:)d#b5c liJda., 'F .i; f: g#, c\ a :Ãk L x..'i3[3n, .I3:ÃWI'1ij.. "I}IL: rug {33'l lh?1;i3,.1dfi:'.; t ?#apE:1ti4. c:2FbE.>`tl mGItLr:aii. Thi:
qom ÃI7 =ÃiÃati:;i a. 1"? i Ãf)n, f3>. IÃ?;iC,.'a?1kti,:d bcisf= .lw Zn-ro5;;I'>#x..:.te Te`s7zil.
is dÃrL'4v }. A Yõc)2 } 5: ) f.: ~.LÃ.!!y~lS.{).F~'V~} ]~ 9 \~k lyy ~(-~ C~
}~fj'~ tl, y 1~k L ~tAL2t? t j ,}t ~]F~[~}t y))(~==td}~iY sr~}')+{a~'A,.C>~,'5 +'7r ,\.
~'`iA`.' V~\Zc,~.i$~=Sit t5 x F ~jÃ~s-~! ~ Yl~!<44vi..12llC3iiL\~ tii21~. Z; ~F2~~ ZLS L v ÃA. ~E it~V~l .:
base ~ ` ~"~'I~ :: :?:c3::t'=~ ic3~, Il1e i'ndl;pÃ"t)~thesrs :+Ã3,.zudf;s a rs:'t?ion of onir{1-t!ea `.'.'f1]`'.'t?3?:~.`r !J.att:i~i<31, ihL'. +?ii3fit1L;d Ãk:;"3.t3iI beÃng ;`.~II""uV bo13(sZ=d'tf dhC' lr'~thi?':t3;
:atft>mcti= Ã3ck&x, ~sz.: .Ãe~=k, Rtf,No. 05-0IS69 i,;,l1o. .3ift#ta.rq." to x',?.? sc. 'rhG. :Y"t.4Ti:tl1 ( -xteI#d:d from .:
s1::. fi3.i.t:= of Ehe g3aSo. An of L`a.a5ti~~ty. of it?L' bm~e I:, '11~4tb,t{.? abou 1of the b<!,.;,c t .?o'k.;lle:
thed~'~`~~f`, A :'.#.Gk~#it~:;is of t~7~. .eit'#i?I? is ~9.i3 ,~ i_>33 l.L?
Fb.?i fi~t~t,?
., . . . '~. . . . . . . . . . ~~. ~re.. .
. ~
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a~~.\.' ~~C~~~.- i 4i ~:~ ~#Z'L..={:^~ 1,,t.'dw3.
The base is s'tv.iS:i:tt.tF ti-i'i ~;'toUp i.;lt`.`T;ll?1 " of po,Y#wstt,i `.u-n?t.3es.
x gi? .
~s} -^~~?t~"~?rif3:)tex~+ ?l~=~.~ 11 wtt:=~ c?li cc. ~, ~ < . pi, ` ~r~i~ ~~~~ '~4s~p:~~,;. r ~~~~ ~~i;.5:~.a~~,:<,;, ~,~ v~I~.::<3~~c .#";i: a`,o}'3Aymi:#'s or Nt;1;d5 of aIiv of these pi7]y3I`e2s, Th - bt35c ;3 metal, 4=:ns.iglle.>.?,m, : alci:3Y1'i, llÃh.iE3 ,t, ;e:13`c >itE~th i~letl,~.v.t?`~t5, iron, i3lua?l`?-m1,3 Ii>iG, cobalt, S.:;pp!:'.r. 'f,i?i 43.3113:x?, t.s.lan.1k7l.?i, +.?T :x?lxiu1i5 4, ::llo :? oi a:1'f y t}fÃ3^'?C'.s4=
~ t ". = ~ t ~ ~ a x~ ~ a., Ã:F~~~: , .e .,:~: :L~~ittl> has }. ~i:~~~llÃ`~..~ ~::I2~"~~i ;E71~?~'~.~3sE?~t~,.~ ,?~:0 :il~ a 4? ~~`~ ~;~:u ~:'~i~tlF#':' ..letisFl? of ;#z";i3w 5 t'Sc..ce'slt or 'tI1C}.C:. TElc region i,:,i;:?i;s a ti.t..Ã':ipG'u-t]a, agi.n.t. ~Me b=sist'.=
f.:l>i t:#.ta[.N .i i43att.i#'si,.;. 3l1+;.' b a`L.1s c.; pt>iand th:?=
b<1:tC, is treated to ~E@~',YZ .d c Ã1.
=
t;?i?t al,cC~ `':'?.;. ~;tt;'.+i.1+3Ã:x.Ã:;. ..L p1'x -,=7.dcd with a poly'Ã~lef ia'r.'i,> ca>?d the i?Flv'i'I~ Y=:iyG? is t3'',w.cited to pitri''?txz: i3 mt}ia7iied i'ef.T,.Y.$;3.
'4,t?pic:4 and/or }. ovtxi;Tii=a3 Yts may lli: -#x ,~ytiF sz~ v. .t9, ~s.' i.`, i ''..';
.1>~~~=~. v.~.=~ one t : ~~1w ~ i33it?i~`?.11 ~
I .Sc endoprostheses ':-l.1', j' not I1ectE iCo, bi.'. .# i:3*~tv~.. ~
i'E':.~T z#., y ... 2 t: E;~$.
~ i. ~ 3i.izGieE.: 1~~
#zF.?ii! 3?? c3: t+:?. The L.>ZL.op :IL:yffiS;nS.':^ can have i3 low Ã_:]i'Ã>II?.:?cZ?gr `G','`ÃZ :#,?.i:i11 ?i-n})~'s3n-ted w.3I.z the wnLa?p.ii?;sfii.hescti .'.-a"rl f ,h.1bIt ?"GduC:.:d i~~~teIAi95aS. .l=#.c hard tiur,.tlces C ~,E)l ~D=x;:.n~ilaC: b surfaces s ;~rÃ~~'s(~i:,i~ t ~+ n v 11~:L~~?;.t~;~=
ia;i~.S~:-> tiS.1 ti=
.a ~..Ã~s.. by ~~~t~ i~ppo;i't t,4d:#.la" growth Ãn5:,, as a result, minimizes the risk of s,.lit1'spÃ"t?sÃhes3s-hi3#{d surfaces provided il.i':'.. 3`i3buRt....i1vfng, a "ed3..#cF:=d tenC}.e#it:=y to .rlE.il s:ir ? b#.i,i 2??atS,s.1Lil. ':he hard ti'#.Irl'aE.,':''.s provided 's?a4= liex.t,`3lÃ}. i lit` i ...: ÃdF;E'I -lz<.:i$tit`:
s.3f,i Ãi-l ;.<2poi<` t. .?-~;{'_=nt -f3't7:17. an :'.=nd<3pt'oSt$?t'sts cm-i t?E: cf?mIo:led. lle rate t3f<:z?ti10Ã1 ~ +)t' d1ffL#'iÃ>` ii rÃ3o Ã"S of th :? ef?dt1:t~ro iÃha.seh c-':.n be ci?ditif~III 4o;l, a Rs3w1~~~<r the indc?p;.otiibt;scs to cst?de :12 ;.; pri;Li['.'Ã.erm'i;:led 1`3`leknd2e'z, t;d:Ji` ng, i'.:? the z#k;l;hoz>d t's;:
,#.?z,k`r#L',3,..:.~ii I?'<`l4:FI?i.'.Fta~~:m ~'~?.~. S:?~:.<3;7.1~?l~', the ~3i `e~'S~.E;,~~ar`ilii?t;Ce m.i#I?Y?e-r of . :'os'#t;i ^ can bE. ei':<<i^# F.r? if:SlGO E:'fE$lv. L'=ndopF't?.+thc.41fi to an t3[Ptsfdi. of *h.[: C:I?.i#3:#`3rt`+si;:?t.4V4, or {at?z7? :a a a . $ .
.?:sz ~:::lt. `s ~? =~a aia :3 ~1i.. #õ~!~S 'o > ~j".+rZ?ttboSis [i? i ;et.;.::~}i~ l: a ~'t end of the ~.i 15 An #?i :bIt7.'I'C"d#.btt:: C:Ã1dopn:.`rss:.hti.s3s, 4 a ltizit, x'elE:#'s 3:Er an ..t,.h:%P#.osii3t's.4, tsF ,:1 pisi't.ti?.,.?'#.btt'.ri..?ta Fh,.tr e:5.fii~.'~1ts st,bst<?I'#Ãia. 'Ãixa-ss or dens:~>=' .c.`at:ii>t.Cn or tbiLaSll.cal tImnszitfrinc9,ii sÃ1, after it iS
Int"zodi..ced i.i1tL? ii pc3dcm~t IELift`it3I7 pat:.ci.l. Mz1s4 iv4:.i:tlf?n :`ci#-.1 t?Ci.i.af "'3y', e.g., dissolution of the s`z1;..tO...,.a: fll~l.t :.s3tÃils ..ii,,,~ c:a>:1opzt:isi.heS,.S 11nd'(?.1' flag3ni.>F7t3.m-', of fl-U ;fldop>i?sl.+Ii:S1S. (I'mrace1:
can i3?t,`Ii3&
~i ..,dl.it:on n.,3. `aC7i::i; or 93tt;.s:;;i s..-lE;.II'z.cal 1'C:ciC'.i:.():i3.", of One mtftC'T"fc?.l '.~:Y"a.'rIlõ W33'ch the :,rr"' :i pt3Tii'on Ihei'L'.f?f, is In'clda`,:: lf hti.'',. e. x3s1C?F.3 ~
.'.a. bi: ffi~t ai?`i{fE of i ct?Lilli.."... b:E`,z.3gli::i1l iE%feri.'tE:tiiZil Z?f the C:1'1dC?i?it?s.bGs3`T Wi("'3 the llitk?.\' ".hL; b43itt .t4oAfE;1= b?% , a~=_:Tz~ I ,_, which `.t if tpla:?{zed .e-f3C3.`L?F' e, t)w.3a1 Mm3 : c t `gw`s =f' d by }pp1y I#1g a tf z gc?.eo itl,?
:I2fli3<:11cel, sI,lcbi as a.t :;he3..:3::;itl xw;.li:tal.t til H';là i?y ftt `z'E-iC' t ;C~ir~)1?? ~~? R3~, e.g t? a reaction rate. For ..s.,$Ã:1~:+~e, ndf `4if>Lizi. i~ L.~i.i'.. ;~l. ~ ~?~. ~ fn t~t~ Z~r~.i a`f; c.<iA! he T~
~'~a f~. ~nr. #~ ~. ~? . : a~.r~ ..ai it... 4iz~: ~A t t.a : '` <t. ,t.ZS ~~~
~ ~ ~,~.' V
or ._:'ii Z3i.b:i al:lt?Z' ths' rt:of, ilfld.vb1C:h caT1 c$Y?dr` by reaction ?1at.I'f producing ti:t:
of if:s ?t`?nz 2f l1; 5::tti~ L ~SF : and ~ C7.~i1 i.'= .LaET:~ I
ve~~.1`E.=It. 3`x~~3. For ~ z':, a:V~=z?lt:..,...`
~~ k3y 'l~~. `~ ~~.~'~~f'f3,.~L , zf,`?:~ an t=.I?iY'>;?,[ts "">e;i"s, +;?, a ~.?c.3`1tn tl1e3QLsf, cmi be -foli]'?id ft)::n an G.Todlble ti?;= b#f).'r:?:fii3EZa.
p3l" zi3 o.,,.. al at?3' or blend ui'Ã9YiNi, or bif.li'i't1dIble p(33?s'i::3s xw b''t%ixS4;h, G:i`.n i.:i''s:~ ~?s For e,L'lfi`~$plm,`..,.ifi ffity cixdt373f'C?4d34Si4 ..?ixl.i}? ... , o:3~.~ F, t 3~ .? LS s ~~ ~~1t ~.C?I? ii~~( i ~ period C3õ.~'~1i2?~: which a function t;'~`Ã`~3`~
2~ k~'. ~ei C nry.4 no It:i~.+.isr i 3 } such as :iifp~ C? iil of~a lumen fq~ :~'i~lE iI a..i~? Ll~ .iF~'~ fl, ~`C: :
`'? :e[.dt'..C, i3, In xDL.z"t.it'?.ik3i` s:t13t)c.di17t:niS, fl:1S:::ridop3o4Ã.#csis t`:Y}i..}?it;i ~ i,.ias-i i;f about 10 percent or iT1orG=. L " :~ibC>u;' 50 percent or l :aii a , after a p#.>. i; _. of >:,7p.i1:J21ait:om t`>' t?i;c day or i'.?.f}f'%',:, ts.g: ai31Lit 60 days or Il'iC??'t.= r..boui Bi? ea4's or i:ii?i'::;
.?z,?.3i ~?ri ~3 ` or umCDm or ?00t) days i"i leSS. In ;,i]:;bf?diF?~'i`s_'ifts, O... :':;;t,.~e4i x , @x3i}iii i?L` `vl`i3`ixf?#1 'i?i'tJussf:, . Th' :~õ's'cl`'.inimtmiC?n o4c..,E:~,~~.' a`S, e.g., 5onnt:
2,~, i i;.."ionw- of sn a.,ld.?pÃ"i?5t.31o`fS c1'Cide more mp3,~ly if:%i iots3e#" i t+:Vfii?..lh: T3":.. ' z3-stuf >v..L'sd;t??5 reL:it}...s bei:t?n'tc wf ,<7k4=3icd by 7?'1tiT'e ql.f.i;Aly E:=T'& li'r'3g through tboE?od;: of the s. . .6.E1's_)r++st#.a'.>.is ai'xi.~"`. fIc3wiT1c1Zw f#.'??1 fiiL= slower :"I'(?.t".1#ig f`t'.g1(?.1s, Ths,.. ;:thtcF <i'a::zdsnH i$t1d A.?wcr ei.si:zii' U~li1i,4 mbv be i'iif3dC):ti`? or RE`t',tiefi?1ed. For ex.EÃ:t~3le. f:iSÃt~t` ~i'e)`~.EI?~';
i: 'Jmis 1F.,.Ã i' be Pi'Ld4..7iicd by vl'i.`adi1g Iii' regions li;}
'nhauri5.%c: dw.Te;kz-Ad ? c, ..li:++iy z3.'P.
>Y) i,le rcg,io#.s, A3.ei'i;w vvE.i ieglt?,.ZL'> may be t;;f:='s3t.'d to reduce erosion mt#,.s, e.- by i. sii:.g o<3 , :t;:i s. i::3 4zI1bi:idim.t;:i?tS oil!'i' ps`?'!'fi)ns of dw i:=Sidi?pi"oki'iL,sJ;i c?.a3i?.iEs Atxõ sip Dt:r.kci Nei. 0-527..730WÃ3z:TÃ;ea9 iiÃ#: Ns).: E31 fl1;e6k cta!dxbilfy, ,Ãvt>.. Ã:`xaI1ipl::=, i3.Ti i'oaUw"3L.? layer or cf3ablig maybc c.?C:tdiblF'': L' 3#ilc: an .nt~..=.Ã~ r.i'. . . . ~^ r ~ t ~ : r ~~ ~'~
r I~~,.cx or body is 1t- ~:r~~~y~~t~b~~nt ~.~?ts, Ãs?~~ ~,~~~i~pr~ :;~rb~:~...
is Ãt~t~:~:~.~
y ; <.y~ . .
j~~f~~} an ~.r?~~.3t~.4=. C i~?~~$;i9~,'.: within ~i:~t~.'~~t~1`"~.::~~:~i(~.~lJl~~ .~~i~te.~-~al sticb a1halar~i-l-o-Ft\`s( t ( ( y^e{ ]l*ft~:~=~{J~` l~.y!~'sis has t~ i~) i~-2h~VL'4~.W\J
{f~}~>(}}'y-~^ porosity j~}$ {1~jf -~^ 4'}~~si\.}A~ ~?A' t~55e vnZJt}L\~~4yi}~
}y) ].4 (.l1.irA.{ } ~.
2 \.~( }i ~1~~' YA. `j . ..:' .t)f u.
~.?a'`i,`;. rates ~:{333 .~"r+, .,?Y'.ii.~'.i t~1'1(~ttti a f.e.-a e>admtpÃ";?gbesm s.mpt'.nd4(."2 in a s.7'e'c3nF lif Ri3,;,e?r's soluE.Yiim flowing at a rate of 0.2 :n. sÃsumdt D
.i'i.`. = ` Ã : #:l~ ~
\.A;f<i:Ces Eta ~.`='it. 'Ãest o"3dopIt?stheS:~, oan be exposed to tzL.e `..ant: For $i3a kC~. z?.i .#1#'s ixi Rcilgei 's, solution is #.i `LSlut3,?1`3 of Tt?i:Cllt.:y boiled d.sfi>li:=C:
,~:t.?ntti~nmH.,ii,6 sodium ciflorwt.~e, 0.3 grf:im pl?jZi..s Wm L.lil?r.i'i.F4. C:#.).: 033 ::i.ra.r:
:s?3i:?`;de per r#t:"i', (X...ei atrpui:r.s, fLaalure'"), and akES a^.~~tagi's wi.il. be iippam~i(.
fi't?'~~~~ tbo i.S.'hi.:~ip.::o0:
t}.:~~~draw >yC24 a14dfto#nt1hi., DESCRUrlION OF i~JUN'VIN(T,S
GS. #..A
R are longitudinal v7i wsg i:lil itat#:n~~'-" dL #:L,' IL of a polymeric aiit?e?o'~~]blz, ::>.c3#t ::n. El (:{?llapsCd state, t'~~?
t3~~ti_?ta xf:hÃ'. 4r f3:. and tili:
2A is a ~3e']~~ ~.~.1-~;7'~li ~S` of an unexpanded b?LteiC;f:~ `lt: ~'w'3t ? ?t 1`';s? a p;:.3i .,:3~ +~ C?~ >~ 3;e.st`afion _ & 2:1 is a ti ansvo4i:3 4~-ro4ci s4'+'..tIt?I3aI vi m't'` of the ti :;~t of i 1:.5:
4'~a::i.;~,.> base .3~~f;'~. ~i hard i~ExlL~ir:34~i .~t~~'i{:?n, 20 ' A: _ , 'n Y s R is a p41'spMivi v1iw of i.iLo. 5~~~ebst in ~ IG. 2A iÃ1 thC. , t:t3i:'..ss of el';?s ilng.
is .#. s,~]~.5:~':tl.'~..~: i~~}ltit~ i#f+".i of t~~r`. ~:15I1:~7s zii?~3., t~.:(_13~e .,~ '=$ a j?i>?tYs3T: Ã.'sf ta.i ytt.'3'Z_ w<:i.i> flu:3.:<3 i'.{^ i1` ~ IGS 2;?:. c`'7 17d 213.
4A is a schem,"a1c- Ã:;rt?ss --ScLil.t?.i1a3 L Ãow?Jf a I-Ai:isF:.F.:i:'+i'I.me`,"'4:i,?#i i'<?3'#.
Fiu ?:i .niplant atio '#. xi ppari~tu`.
t . 4 1B is a >i:h wni.,.#c top L iQ.i' of :3tef?.t` in a 8411np 1 C ho ide.#.' (~~.iL.eEa. ;>'zE' C=~:~~i~~i~ ;z a~~~~ Ã~:?I7i;L='G.~ si"om .ii'~ti').
: #.U 4(1 is if dL UEzS,:d orosi Jes:t.i?ni3l. 'v'iew of t}3t' }7laJAna ~~~2~~~ t .. ~: IC.~: -:~.r'~..
o Atv?ra.cz= Mgdka Nfs:; 11?52`' 733i&={3VÃ'ÃierFg: Rc#=.Ns>.: 0 -dÃ.Ãq6fi . ,;
<=.
1 .~i; .~ Z is ': 4r~:1?sZ Lxs~;:' .'=; lfoJ -`i.:4t'ii:r?'1i3. Z=Ã '~~' ~'+¾ i3 ~3143C Ii;Sa?.~~{ stent . 3aaw has ÃÃ
HU ~.s Js a à 3I?tiz ~ h~ .::t3ss s:`ctAon~l Nfcw of the sÃc'ÃA of FIG ~'~ 5A
cifti=Ã"
~ FaO. '..`;.. .s a su1C>s of nlii..AZ:iL:i7?aa"? spectra i?f.:., i.3t#.tC'TT?'b'f)s: ~,,Li#'f...e:Ã, .sa , htc"nt ~{ 3 3<
sl~?~.`?14~; ~.',~..i>3, t'<?i.#t?t?#~< .it~:F il`LEÃ~3 ~3ti'?Ã~if~f:
~?t.it.p~`~. .~1~.~.1 ~i~> ~..::,.l.Z;.?i.a ~.~fil:~ .ti~it3.CS.:Z:
~, _ _ 4:3..,t?"~.tTn ~,~;t? .a?a.i P I I t1~.<1.lÃ.z?c~~i~-; and t.~?4 uppermost s~;'s.C~,i~EFz1. t~~.)Ãac, a .,tffwre?lec of ffiw C'Z.A.`'{j aftC:r.
> L 6A iu a a pi?lb' iT,e3"Ãc rI:c?.tC:E'T:$l s?..I,fia.c prior tf:.
>t mC;dficc?.t . ;. :?.s a phi?i.i?'T?a:=?'r`.?p':?pfl 3'f a p?Ef,Il=?cI`Ã; material svndaz.e :<f.''v-=
i"?ut%;. 0=il~.i .11z:: 6C is a bch.ti::a?attc top view c?f a poIyme:rit tn_.tet:a].
st...fti:.;i afl;:;
~.t.C~#~~la,cÃt i?:>, ..}?ow .3t ,is4..#.Ãc:', and ";.~~~latidst 1l30! are def:neG b',= ;i.tc 1=.ssu. cs.
rt ~:?CI~~s`,cttLi'. e?c'sv of a ~3as,3c1`~54~?~#le ~~ci]e`.13..~1:~s :1?Ã':x ~?C~'t#'i3l Je~ic~'i.
s~7...~?'3 having . ?~1~~+a'4j i~`t a=lY)viÃxi7 rL?Ãti=.
,.
Sn 'A 'C i?rt: ~raÃ?S'.=Ts,s; ~S sk' tÃonA; vÃÃ w C;f tz1esteÃat of F:CI
Ukcz:
wc#:.;.Ãaies :ii-i'_r;, =B-=B and 7d ~C t~speadtt ~cl~.
a:~~.e~w~'~.1: L~} ~~E.rs~'i~:'~~t v'~~.4 ~d~.F..'?i:~a f`4L.~{~{S ~~#
..3i'~da\2~L:; Gh.~;.=
\tent i?.~ F.C%7 FIGS. c~_2Ã c?rs` ~, J`~.itt.~.d~~?Ii?.i i F.{EabÃ:F~t 4~EIi ~f, ~=Ãf_4i~~~t ~
}, 1i '~ ~?~~: ti ~:{; ~.S '~= the tiz?cro Ne 4 eyn,. de~~ic-ted iÃ: FIG. 7 wiibii: a L~~~~ty Itit-nui?.
DETAiLED DESCRIPTION
:C`. FI(TS, .,A ;C, a b.:Z?t:.Ã'iii.iibl: s:i','iTt 10,Ã:~ pliIcod a .?c~e.;.1.2 c>...~5,_{9 ~wa: .. dis.t:d end of a c:.:ffii.`.ti'.r 14. and i,, dtrC:'i....wC.: th ot~`,yh a futa?vl 16 (1 sG.1A.) [.! )y~[ t jY > f)y )(=~~>ippytJ~c}5 ,}}.y~c t ~s~>: ~.~{:3~15 i ii t-?4 \`\~.'.=iY.F..?;~ L.~.'L- ~W. {J~.?,1.i iL3:(\~ .>~s:tAl~- reaches ~af~'~:. 4~.}~.:x Z~. CAti \?{.i..$L.\.l~F~ :.. !õ1 ~~5.
~i.].
~ ~~~.. ;;}
j K ~ ~~..>, DO is , 1?~.~~ ra:~' `~~ t r t i rti' _.~~ t1~ :. ~ ~~ali;~ J.' ,..~?~~ >".~~.~~~~ ,.
~:: ~:lY t:=~~>;:~~?t~ ~.~ ,.~Ã~~t . ~: ~ ~~ .~:~t;~:.l ug",xÃ#?::i viaIA witl3 the result ffiaÃ. occlusion 18 is i.Smtpressekje, 'xtrt:", Filt; veL ,St j.
wall 4"it .3#...T?i.1,EF,?~ it l:lldd:.`=rtioY:4 ia radial expansion (FI<..:.
3B). ~. h~..'~ }.?r(.tisLire il fl?#_':,i>
3E? elcssed &o!?A .he.h.?lli3tr^c'? and the c.?:llkte,,:t i4 wÃthdT:aL'c'n. l-rt?..'3: the ;c:eSera 1C).
f~
Aktft'siq D.E?: :Ãi.O NE,: 0527.,7-3E3WOVi.aÃent Rt~#, ?4fp.t 05-01508 ~4 i:'=:?>{ s? W : I(.3S. 2A and ,?B., b3`,3i:.;'{_)di~le stent ; 0 ..il:,st.i~leS i$:~:~..ti~~tt'c` t3f :'w'+i':i'.'.'C"iL{.n.ia>?{.:S 1 d;`=fii:C.'d:n a woU 20. The sWnL waH 20 .isxoFined w?. a b$>_?t.re?i_FiL:~lo m atik 26 a hard pi;Eyn:t'i region 28 that c(siftI'ol.s? the oi33s Lin prt?ffl{= of the :?}ise oa bx<}31 psL, .i3C:.y:ard ~~::C> \':mo# i':gkon 28 is prt?vit;`i'i 'i't"v'H.i' poft,t?I%~q of Srlb- t;):iSv in d.> pilau~m .is tihii.3t:. ...ae.`. ;~c firs.t` direct i;E3$3t+:1ct;vith body C.iw;?ue on :. ..ame{#. ?i.3.;~~ lez:i 3#:ii;
+3fl.c:; t3.3J,ii:ti,... 31 exposed. R'fei'i"in'~, as w4=E'+~ now `~~. ,: "?
~'~I~.~. y~: i~l ?:. ._'~~... E`~;{.'Ãs j7:?al#EEIzs 3 Ã
~..
w~eg, 7 'aEte r:5 3` t{~~,{~~ a \ resulting 3. A of .~f.' i.::`c.te~c~ p t3:E3i Ia xfY,~:7iw.aflL:~ 33 '= in a c~~"~ÃÃi=`~ . '{ 'si~C'.ii ?a{` d;:it.', a t,z?:i>i.,~?llt;d Si~.e. r.ic hiard polymer I'LgIom" 28 ::-ai7., C.'g, cna7:irco w: 11 g s.3:i:h F?xi flwi..i 5:3i'r.`.m" of ii{`s' Stt'il. ~~ w131#r 28 can also enable c*?`?ii2?a athe ...ii:Q and ;Ti,;ilixei of c.i'o,.iii:x. For eX:371ipli :}w hard polymer region 28 pIc4wi.ts a barrier to vvy{4?3. >.?:}:i'i `.,3o i>: .tiiuo, foroin4.' i3'1Cirv 1ap;.d C.#Y?s{CT_i-1 to occur `.`.i'Ãx:-n ..la. ~m1dZ: :?"+ of bo ^_'.L'Z.`nt tli ev2.iia:' thC:= ols..s.ido idf-thC< .t,tL`.=ni. =1 h\,s-f'=
i'{dvantkL:s can t,~~~pi }vii%eti without ..{t,stam ?a:z; '11.#ec~ing ffic oz er;.~l.1,11 perf.o:-mance of the stent or the inu:har.kal i'?iiy`:3+.:d"{ii:.< of to L?<{se. I hs. base cai?, be f{rI':i.'sed, f.3f:3 bit'C:::f't3dible b.iti:.'= pfJ33 .~'.i:~~:.'=. oy\tC'.;m i? or a ?:3'#i}w.itr.lib.C.' 37;{Z.'tad base S v4i.E`.n:i. fli. the l:il'^~'f..' of i i b1t4f'.T'odl:?li b:ist: pC?ly- .+;w:`l d1e > .*~~ ; s' m4 et''mi %an be 4!#:'lid by i23odify1 3zf the basC, p; izT:Lt'.
111. ti?5 ue rcS of a i?:i?<ii"oi...,:=sio l?.,t;U hast:, the Je;i:`i:l p.Js 1<I1:3<'r TL'=gion can be pI"+:)~,=1dcTl<>3: thc n-ictal. base.
F t` .`.'.dz ..~ `` ..5, w 'F } the -t = ~t~ra~ 'tGl' #"~, `-, ~1l]I., 'c 2~
can 3~F i.,`>rti. :a :\~:3: E'~i~F; ._ '~xr, ~i3<. ~S'i~ ~?i_. a sL r..i4s of =}.iL3t{s, . 3, Ec ~lr`S Ãi?? E YTE$.r wd i f}n 30 (c. ,}laiv#:is t x' 1 3t1yl g.ol..~s:i, tlf sh' :1 s:
.?%3 g.t l'a~?~" ~ s. L,.b_..~~ i w'` ~liEõ : acid .:i? r )F illi,' . ~ t ~C.}1<?x ~~ 4~Li~~\ a i:.i~f'~.?tr~a:i~ s,Z~ ~ ~, 'z x- t1 #'~:;..iz. et ~` "?
('.. <w . Y~ ~:~;3t ik3~~~.~i.s3 > .{f.
., ~E x:'ii~~.~~ .,tw..i.~a4~.~~ ;ip bonding, ~'~i.{:"k1CrLEliLil1' i~'Y~+IIIiFLI[: ~=i?s~3<3Il i::;Ã"~?;.)~'? bonds ~.,:l~lillEli `s,~?
~~ja{r.o.nz, .akG 4~.{{-bcin ca:bon Ã?onds;Ã. and a crf?44li.iiked T.-9;lo{, 34. Ilie ..f}5s3in;ed . . . . . . . . 4= . . 3..H,zÃfn 34 is aÃ's::g1:}n E.?;i`t:P?Lroa~~`i.~
~.'~~.~lyI?1ti3.' o3`i3SslInkang that is bonded ia;ta:.ciay on ba;~
4ysis,:{"n i~:i"fd to 1::1e a::'rbf7a{..,.:t`Ld F.'`4'gil;i 32, I`:'i.~, carbonized {i:;gl+`.?#, '2 iti >.i band :lii~~ tyA)1? 3i.:Y ,.i?C;ii.ides a z31.~,,h ls;;-vf:l 3:)fsa3'õhy~.)Fid#.led, carbon aFt3nis, 5:,g, g}t aleF" ti?aTi t 'S ~7L~1 ii¾ s=r cr,'os _i:i' t34is _ ~~v~~~'.i=iÃlt, or oaen lea.to th~~1 50 `3eic "`:`i ~~t3 hyr:S3im?
+ t?zt?m3 ..~to::i?4 such t.s exists in. dian:3z3.nd-Iike carbon (DL:C.). The oxidized region 30 .~i..,: ;:`;s bt7.,#i;i:=d to tiic Gi:#1'Eizi3axJl=(:d.aiei` 32 and .?ipo:icd -tC3 ;iI1nd3sphQii' includes aFi m hlfive to tho base pt?lym$' sytu'`teIii. I'lSe e:3.ha,$(,=`'~'.d oxygen :-?G oi.?I716::nt s.3fihL. t+:~Aclit,Ld region E}n+ .#.s Z:w19la'''113.>tad hyd#.opx3il{+.".ity,, 1te}.ich c'i.{xi e,g:; ira3able 4::i3hi31:3t.et., e1',3i....a, overgrowth. 'I .1e hard nature of ~1he E,'.i3;rb3n3zt.zi region cEi:flõ C.,g.
AcEc7t'fazy $?ak.I:+x ae:.: 1027 %30WO>i('Ãicnt Rc#, Naf:; F.i.^ t1l56tc c?'.h<mL.e c0i g7o4'+'txà o3 à f;su ,C.F' m1F.dC.L:4 of til#;, Sflei'lt and/or ca1.. ~.~`=:#:::.1bk, s.:t3:3fiEL.`l over the taw mnd I'3~,armw. of HE?crÃ'?51oÃi, The p:i'L.'~e-noe of o:S#.dizod .Ãw; i43m :,.=aA?t>.3i='r.r~.':~ IL.-i;F01.'s .;nf. L:':i'z5..blai?ka..;: regions ccln be detected L3s1Fl& e.g., infrared, ~.a:lman :ari, UA`_-vÃ;;.
IÃ~A L::<llabt3df1434::i]:s, the 31a(?d.1fied F.C.f'7L}n e:`ii`a3bA;'4 D and ~~ Peiiks iÃ.e RiÃ.:i?ziÃ-.t Add`..aonitl s`,t',ta:F.ss on dLrtecl1t?1'1 of 1zaid F:l-FiStd4 w?.il a 4uiÃablf: balloon ;.{t?a' ..ie;~-v,.. ,~. ;.:f..nt as descÃ-Ã bed hmillY Can be:= fotFiiei in 'MMIi "AI.
BALLOONS AND
'-11.:171K~.:~S OF M:AKINCz ~flE S. z`vI:E', filed:ixr~:~.: wl:a assi~si~;;<~
~_ `
Ã. .S: I3ito}, =, .r `ioà Ã- ~ . i ~õ~5;? 3~~F~' '~EtÃ.3t n4J: ~ ;.)~~t ` t ~-'=3'4)tle:
ys .~ ~.c:F~l ~I~~, ~ ~. ~i ; i~ <;. ? ~3~_ i?i a}.$.i~
a t7t d, #?" '#.'crFi3Ã~, structure of i~l~: E'3a`ita;.?~ f'~3Ãi" layer t i...
~:'.w;>, f,.'nhani,e a.d...hwskm to ti-i~~ base, retit.Ãifl.ng tlSiL I iicl'iÃhol~d of 'ii~lamÃnati f.4t:, bn. addFtiL?IÃ..
thv r uii~ i3fai~ ns$i?iÃ'a.: of the sh`i_.:~~ctLe .re :3:Iid low thickness of z.f.If: hard pot?t'pneà F,.E:`Y;Fs:3~l Z~
-clativt~ to ..b:s m;'ik:l tt:llcknem enables tI?.Ã W'si%: t(# M;.tTit¾sj`Ãj Il:s:ti1V t>f SJ.Q' ,.1dv;:FF:74sige'itL:;~ ,LvL`.i'all mi;cl'3a11.1ml pÃ'C?pS.iÃiesi3f ffiL:
i.i.iua?C?d.i{if3dSvaf:. ClS..i.c.i'iA3.y the ~i ' region it~ C . ~ .`,1 a r~ t ~ f ~ ;r..l~,a:t:L.i ieV>2 . 30 and ~:~-.k"`.~ ','.c~:I~~ o,.?iA'~i'.d Iv.) li:31...~ ~ ..~,.. ~FÃ-i. not bF~~~~# C?~~.i~3~3~%, ~ l::EÃ 3~iF:~:;
t..tl5w;t. 1kzd 34 is b1r3e.'[3d1b?<:; albeit at a .hlovvE.?'tc3t_+.', F'eti1:tave to (ilC .%ii;mod.+:Ee-d base p}t Y.111 ~:# = ~:+:~1~ e..te; at Iei3st. in pail, to 1.i8 deGrGa.1,.4ed tendency tc; ,`i't oi I ?n a b.tiiogns..i3. I'i7id This allows SÃ31:" to fully L,:) Voli3pe -hw t;N'Ed1nLA
and L iiÃ"bo:1:I+ Ãti :tr fWf34 EiiWi?,QIS me end etfihL' i?io(:rC3SwI. Pi""t3c4.45, a4dLa::t.ia s.}1c bn.L<,.ffit?L?Z$ o:e at.t;:i3t a p n t`~11 t ~:iC, i`:, The ;.`<3st3t p{i'L7'Ii.,cI' F`s ''Ãom can be f"i5i'niLd u. g , using iiil ior F.,]p;oiiltcifE`"m pFL?LL:~`. , ; uoa as r ~.'i-4: sÃli:# I.`t'aFim~i'slon`: ion finplaIÃtG`itiCiT? ('11112?,11").. RAl'o#'#'f:'.iM to FIS 2S. 4A
and 413, t,i,i`. ià r:. 11111 f.hii;':;e d s~.~i-,',i,Ães in a plasma 40, slaE=h -aa a r11:sY`C`go;'3 ple3s,Ã2?t? :ÃrC:
<'F<.celz:l...Ã<ri_: at hi )Ã :z'.li>clt'y towards stents 13, whit:ii <i'sz`
po,,,,htio:F1t,L< (fa z nzimp}i;
.~Ff7 :afyi&x 4z. .:~~~~:~r .~'za,~i3r: ~?# ~i~s :' <~i'4.~c~ ~~?~=c~~~ ~~f t~ac ~~~.~~h~ia a ~:;~:~r~i.m.l4 ~;~~ ~:~~z;., :~
CF:.vaen b~v an elCct"^,'ÃL'4il pi3te.1t:al i.lff+".'..itJE10e b~twf:ct1 ta3<.
~~~~~~~:,1`s'~ct and '~.~'e.f; ~,ls."F?~i:~d.~e under dhe Ste]1t.., sJÃ'>oI] i.iT3p:Ãa with i?5ti,'ilt:; t}3f_ chÃirL?f.L.~
speLie:i: du4 tC?th9.,iÃ"s':i?4-i velEss.iy;
p4: 1ctA 3.te a distt3T1ev Si;.to the sti:;nt and .1`cc3Cx with thC' i-ni3.terial E?~ ~i-ii. \C:Lm3.. [3~. #'21`.i7l,z F.r'e "") +S S r i r:t~Ã~4 t ~ >. ~r:'I~(.=I`. '~~ `~~~', t ~ tt ~.~i`I?i:sae:F~.3a1 t i~~.i~ ' tlt . is L:C,1n ~ 1 'XÃo7`l?~a i +~.`.~~L~, TeL""a at 2'`~'.i:is'+
iÃ'?
>1:} p by tt:i. ;,3i>,t .?;;.i1.. .iirfsdr Fet f ~?C~.t~'[~'iF ti2c ~?li sFÃ1'rx Ã3llf_~ ta?l. 3ia~%1rC?i e t.:Ãt~t5.
S , dzsiF',.z õ :m additional odec1rodL, e,g., iiF theforin of ai-ni:tal 4rid ~iE3S3~ 7, 1, ` ~' .l?~. :~~# a ~. ~ ". ~:t . ~~i i; ed.i3 p~'. iSt7.~?i f ~, 3~~C'h a i7`1 Cr~ t tc$l rit:~ t~ ~:i?~] b'. il3 ~` li `i~[~~Ã t~ti.s to pfLn`C'nt d3...ec't ..=l?:i:.'s?ct of ffie s}::3.sw.ii::i? the .i'f-pl:3I:?-ia bL'.t'ovi'C;n }?igh S'+1.A..tc3~{.' ;3i2l:^.~+.:~h' and i'~3~i3.~: ~=.~ziI~?#~3~~' tff C' can of ~` ?i~~.
<,,, z1L sti::??t Ã??uti:
~ ig '-=>4.' >,.:mvs xu ~.'unbouthrm?t of a P1.11 processing s { 'Act1a 80. ~
~ ~teiii 8~.~
? ;.a~:l.'si~t.S a 5~;..~.'~iidl:;l t..iy~:;3~`i,r 82 ~}c,`111g a L'Ã~c=~11~;'? ~~3i31i 4 if~2~Ã~~"titeE~ ~~? ~ `r~S .~il.iF; ~3i}~ti~;3 }~0 a ts<3s`?i::i?'ct_ I 3W i`i5}` dofit'L.?'it1F? a ges`S, l';.g, 1.Ytf'E;
`G.i., to a:;.{aII~':'.?e,l. 82 ta E`ei.'LrG..tt:.< a plc:1 .72#.c3 sys .t.#3'l 80 i1S,.?:.#Cks a sci'Fi'.S of diC:l} o.:ffiG:
w1F`.Caows 86, i;'-g, nu].d.. Cxi g~ti:l:iS' };?a qw?e~`~l;, a+..:`sii= = i v 0##1 3?ti 90 to n7ii1ntili. a vacuum 1:.4.
t.h#.i3'.nb5.:r `~''2. R+r.J'I'#tZva.``3l}' ,?E¾.i3t;h,d io sofiPs:: i?f.bo ti'7lldl?w,,S'6i:lra. = RF pli`~si li`~
tourcos 92, SoE->icc hav.il'ig a { t ~:Z ~~ ~ t ~ z 96 fi lrl ~.t~.atei:'t3`a#.h3i# A ~:ri.i1E7c~i'?~i3lr shield E~S. ~~~:.sc ~~`i:?t.t ,?i~'s tia's,t:.st~?la.
cz e ~5.~" 3 _ f ti -.E::i~oii . . a\~.~~`i~. sources are ~.a'..:5~l~:~. G:.r. viewing ` ports e.i#.~:Z~ S,`'f.}c'~.i~`lba~ 82. r .%iSi7.
.Lm<'.m..:. 96 i;.i.C-i.:i:iffly fwL'>3iiii3i3?.3df.c.1tC'.5 with i$t' RF
g~'`avrat}. .0() =ill'x?iagh a network `02 2 nLi : i i;t1plin Laipac:Ãi71' 104, Each 4i?iti fiJ?a 96 also clc }
t1'xc<3l,y c:?f:}#:'sunic.?.e :
}=~.tl? a 0 ...izi`.~z capacitor 106. Each :~.iÃ.:ie;;'i3g k'i2~'?s$S:Ii~.3I~
,i~~3 is o#,~e:i`3?~.lC?~.i bC< a qig}1c1l D. D', . ; ~.~i` ~:`t}l2~ . ' .~?x3t?"i?~~'<`.., ~ 1~,.. i~a~ ':?+~~Li*~'.#?~~ti', i=#,i~,:~l [?.t31I1~<? ~:iA~~~i.Li~t>}' ~.Z1t1, v}l:: C>..i~;~:.t~i:
~~t3r~%;:T' :i'i?.T; c..u?i R-F.?F?:eFA tt.ifft? can be adjusted to n1a#}ftairi ht)ia3ocTt:F'?C:i~+~ +~~ ~I?L I'+:':li~=rs?i:':a ~.~ ~
p zzsz?'1_,. L",.i;)n` o,, t;.3.e stent directly exposed to iom, frt)='n Et1e p. ?,,? t.k :::fn. `t?C:
t`<Zil.t; t3laÃ. Ci. ti'?4 stLntti :e-~.~E.x1~:Ii ~~ie.r axis. The s:.C$?:;
}.:t?il be rotated i:l}'{"s:nt', Ef.3 enhance a homogenous i?~ th~.'= entire i ~ ~ t ..,~.~ ) ^t r~C r] 1 1 'C Y~. ~ *
`.<=Ãi~.: .~i.`:: ~.. ~~i`. ) ~l\ .~~.i?ixf}i~ ...il?? b~:
:Tltt.t`i~:xt$`~:II~. {3~','9n;.,Li+.w ~~ 't.'. ~3S.+Ia..~~~i~.=~#.
0.y:;., $'i tm a polymeric cf3Ãs i# &. io exclude xre<1.}.Ã?~,.e1-if-. of those L,.i:.kkC'Z.i regions.
Ad+..:t:t?nt:l t3::.k.ls of 111i3 is r13osvai??cC' b'}'Chi.3. U.& P41ttint No.
6JD? ,..='C?0, Bc#.}k#}or., w.. I ~y 1f''E. yt~:~'=}
72~tif~ ?Fr77 rt }-. ~'' 7i TUi.`rrFi~~~lf}K 'M1 9 G~' N 1`,#. _~ _3 e 2-3k~
(k~~~),, C=}nd Kutsenko, !fw~,ia, ~.
52. 43204335 (2004), the Lt?t;.?'c di5L1l434E3?t`~ C)'fe.iE ;? of 3vhich is hereby 2.5 3corpo.,,?Wi:a by ~>i..~7.: ~ a?~=~'~?.3.
1;j:i; Ã! :3e of .:a}`d coating region Ccyi i?1ed es <;i'}?ri#leo~.~ }#? F't3o-:. P111 PR?Qe;?5 bs' 'w CÃ :#i3., t?{`~`:} 3.yA3e?f ion, th.' iz?3Ã t'iletgy and ion di?J4r 'i-t} i:~ l<.?nnt.d, as Zat'si:.Fi3i;i1 i3bZ1vo. a.!}. Ah~i.'~i' embS:3d3't37.e>3iS, there s3:i`sdy be teZ ~a 3 cs:. a3: ~.e .1~} `t~?t~ i~a~i ~EYi~.rsi~ . ~;, for$#tt? ~4" v=~ f G#JntÃ~)li$?~; y~ ) ~ t G
. s i,. .i3 ?#. ~.~7e~ ~ ~.~ #~~<~i:Ã.',,, 3;3 p:fi;.'zt:mLtZr;`._, o# by pt3\t p:t'od..~ ";ln5% tCy #"#:;inove one 4},' 1#:t?rt'. layers bS t".N;. 5ol4?kii1 ~S tiD~i#~#Eii , I.3[.ei?a?`Iic}3.~'+iy iC:mL>Z'3n~w.' layers by cutting, ilbl'a-s`on. ?.'.I ..#C,'=<i+ t,;C...#fieig. S.}a #` Nat. 0-5~31568 PxiF#:.'t:$.li$.3, c:h.g,1`0T ion and doses enhances ;he io;`iti.'.~i.?.TE.s:-i of ci`?:rbC?.,.`~I~wd <,-#'~?~2~~i z\,4 ,,~.~~#~~.~Y.~.i > e. ~i e: 4i f~5 ..
~ 4, le$F1Z #'\. ~ ~,s with 1:_~rE.. ~ ..~~il~~:ti or 13.:..t' +3:~.
:.x.r.d1?:7_ii~ =t3Tt . il%.t?i..s. $I?
t.`rT1bi)3b`I$iCMS. :h. 10n cnc$,t,,y is about 5 k-ev or gI'i;iltG:; such as ',:.,4, kC`'!=," or -:.:.`.`s1lS,...c~,. e.~q.
about . 30 k is?'e-s1Ea.'.r tÃ;d about 75 kC:~V or lC.:,:i, TI:iG'.' 1s+
i3o5~wn i$-1 is ` ..~ d-W nti a: 0.. cl$sin#t I x 1 or ?Yii atF i'. s $Ll? ::? I v~. 1~Ã $ Et a , 1 i~.
s r ~. X .\ ` and about R ~
,~7t~~i:. .. 3 f) it?ns c.I 3A {?i y~.i~Ã:=~iFOr, 'r.ii.~d~3 bCAf.et I ~. 3 0[
1ot,a eI?.'?.. or ,4ss. The oxidF z::.`t.~, i4g"i Y33l oc:~.ii i~~ b.. process . G#.?w~7':~.S..tt:'.,?`#:f.<'.l~ and the S= 2 a ~:i. Ã~if#t;`l$axS ~~ `~ 3 i j` :_?~ :i~'t`_~ i. ~'T~iR :'cT .'}
.. x?s?\ ki~~`il C, 5pGU't3'ttsC.iii:?y .i.#.Ci.'or si.a}?F i.i:ii:=tit::t4 on carbonyl group and h`<dFt3ky, ~E?up z;,?soI'pt>, i;.;. Also, the :;ross)3.3_.e(~1 Teg}t?t3 +.'an be characterized uy i1- FTIR A~T'R
`~ ~#`1L ~:~:'t~~C.;F~" ~, ~L,~=~ ` .,`~. ~~3C:k.E7'i?4tiC?t~.,.', 'i'fl~#Ã1 ~\ii#:lif.i? ~~?~~,~z(FSl";k~~~~ ~~? ?.~c#~d+':t?'f~?~ ~:~~' ~'i'6:F?.i~1 .'~?Ã 4~tti. and ~.j?.~f i~Ã'i}%.%`'ss ~ oIst'~1t''i4riÃ~,'+.
.Ã1?i?Ã~I~$f'.il ~?lste~`i i'z?~ .~'.f'.:i"~:s$al::w> in i?-~~. t the i:,}I,a3t:
,?$C?f.o:s ~f>.:;~1 ,i~?#?4 mi# bÃ'. I-Ã3$3d$fied based i}I, an cZT]%,:l'4;i#s of #i1t;' ge~ 11$at FC?.3 L;f the L.~'.o<sx#F.,kcd ia, ?.}In: 1110 "01 Ã'Ã?.CtiC}i7 of a s:i,1`#.'#7}ti: ci3a3 bc dC?fot'$'!"E3md by S?
t.`>t. se.:i,7t-,i.: i;l a boiling if?lv i'.Tlt 4~6.i.~?.:xh~ C7 .~~'<.~4'l11G
~ ,?-t ~1t.'s`~.i\ ~is.it1,.. \. t~ i'.T a SSr;~~
S F: . i' Fl}.$E:.'t -15 +..xi.i'<:<:tÃ}, Af \. <" 2241 hoia'zs,, fl3.'`'. \t?lv::=nli is F`t.'.il:ovi:+'.i 'i.i`C.s:in, ffii:.' t..'\t,'tl S*:$ i3"I`~:~. "~. ~?. ~ ~
L ~. ~.Ai1+~a 1..mz Eiic s.a$ni~lc is ?`,.E?:hc,r dl'iL'd Is5 a viicL1i31I? i"VL'l1 u: St}
`,i,. ti..?,d a cxmsi.r_iT.. weigA~. ,w Y , ..,~.#Fi~:i~.,$. .3 L is,~ :~a ,cf?i?.ii Fs t~'ac (.Ãl~ifer<.11c' bC.t4~eL`>?
t..iL i."ili~~,k 'vC ?.iIÃ of t~.i=;*~.i:?plL:
` <., i,~, i:~Fo L>:' .' 2'~ sx W1t of a:~'#c 4.~#;'Y 3~S i-1i1t t5% .'c'a extracted, divided `F~` the t~Yt.c:,~ 3;~.st.;~ii 4~ L#iõ~'}r of t-he st# :i*;
20 In Ulte, flhic:4_ncss =.E~~~ ~~ less tban abovit 1500 F:m., lt=5s, than .ik1'i?l#.t 1000, ?i, less _hi3x#...b53Ã.i?:71'?:Ã ilm, les=.`a thi.i$I about 500, Ia$`+?. less about 225() i.ll : it ~. .1..::.~, c?~=3;.}~3: 150 >l~?2 less t~1<1I'a :~:bf~$It 1f~~~
.il:; f3T less .~, :I :i~F~?EI: ~ } ?_.?':. In ; :Izbi?Ã?'iF?wrF.i\ c f3x$d?:I.-ed i'N.,ioTF 30 can h"tiS't. a t.l1ick1.c1sT; of.L.k:s th>3n, about 5.i7:i13 +..g,, less .l;~.t;`.. about 2 n$>l or less fl:41.n Gii7i_31it I F1i"i':: in embt?d..,lleTit:;, dile \: i'bFs,11,''Gd .F.i 3,21 ca:t 11:.iv"y,' .ti .hickie.`_5~T., of Ic:`_e3 than about -500 ,i?.i#Z, e.t.ti lC.:~~1tiaii as_ F1,L 350 .. . ~'~F'4 #`$?'3. less <li?i;iw 250 less thii:lr-i :ibL?:7Ã 150 12:I?.; [g:' less thO:fe 2$boi_,r 100 naI, <:tz?.d :.m i?c~.LÃi" at a .~w`'.+t~? >:Ã"i~Ãz3 t`U.f:i"~ SL6.1 ~.~.~:: of ls.',:;5 ~.~li3.t? :i~'rt}~.i~. 1 ~3 i;t?-i~, than ~~bC?lÃ.t.
#u?i oi t.i.;^4 than {lbtS..ii. I i1Pi?. In I=.6i3C$aimcnis, the wiE?.4':ihilkL;EI i.'\.,,,?.SFi.34 i:i:l:i; hr.i4 c a t1h.;4ii:n5..ss'"I, , of .u~~ thk1?'? about :i'.!04i i11,. t:.?~.., less Ã:'iiiii. `ez:~~t?CF~. 1~~~ ;~) Ã%~i`#, or less `~'1:tÃ~$
,v 500 ,>..?~, a37d. can occur at a depth from outer sEm$fiace Z,2 Ã}#.IuJS M:$cA
:Ãbt?Ed. 500 xi#?-:., i::r õ .e.:s.i than about ''50:i:Ã=$? I `\'.s4 1.h<F.n i:iho $i# 2 5 0,1 l:ii1 or aes~ ~~iafi a:ht?3.:t 100 i.:.l::#, ~ ~g D. >: .:i?.bZ?d;1#::wnts, 11_.,G,knf:5`,a SS dbC)I1t M or It ?i. : .xi~:~()il?-f.~;_`1i: or .c4, or Lrr i:`#oiw, of t.,z,C thickness Tu. +.'=Ãnbe?da.i?.i1ts4 fl1c11at'd pttlZ'MC;" t 'xOD 011 Q.111::nE.L`= .ho >.110chm-#l::cll prt?pi:=F":1# s the s1eÃ1I. For L:mai.,fple, O'l5: ;tCÃlI c A.i be o.Ã-Ãjul,Iced `~ ~;
~~'~ ~'l~`5::1~.?ia7'#.~ b i".~.'<=ftÃ~'f..'l~' 4ii~#s.:::
+.'<it~?C;I2Izt'.i,~t or c E~3`,.iÃiki;d >Lgjk~`#,'t. t4# oÃ:Ã1b4!d1Ãs~,?L.t is., the .}3i.luna.s of the hstad.i pi2lti14a region ~::Ã?'1 ~':6;, r.~~~'F:> 3~i.
2`?~f:sy ~i"?C?T., ~: .(?= 50 #;>+ 90% C}f ..
s`.4 Z,vx,#. fl th1..kncsy ']t : I#? i~ 17?bodlti'wilÃ4, the wd .Ã,as -m {.Fvt., i3 lx1icktÃes` in il?e uExt:ap,33`dcs' a~aii'C;f less '~~.i3z3. 5A# mm, [ w iC% d1F#;'! 3.5 mte., less tiFw;:3 .~'.5 i.;:t'., lum.
t4?21#? ~. .i# 3:12;:3 or ;t'.5;? E}]#:!Ã? 1,0 Ix3ni.
The i?c \o .~`i-. i~~.g :a polvirner, i:ÃbSC?'Ã,d, or a .ia-vc#` ;-tnut.twrG`fff a?Z#Z`merttiili.
-fo pro-vxdk;= dk~si.,.blc Pr<~per.ic4 ti? Lho stÃ.Yn[, Et'c?diE?le po`; at-;c.; .ii,dud~, ~.~: .
A3Ã)lvi.rf#'#iscSre.r4, p{9lyliÃC:tdf'.:'aj poF~'`~?}SEt ,ltit`
:s. pf? ~.1~#AC>yiz~i~Gs, r-4'`?;~.Ãl<?sL
dor;v:::#ves u.:d Me#.?t s O~ Copolvillt.r4 of w)i} of t1=#eseJ Addit#onaI
crodfi;.le p,?A.mers are Ziis.,..~.?s~.z. ~~? U.S. ~~~:i?3lÃs~~#~=t~.s ~.~i~~~.::it .~.~.?~7l#i;zilÃEf:Ã-1 N.3. ~~:~`t~5'~)0 1 Q .`~`; ik>eiI
0 .& Pul:ti~shk>tx Pa;::rit Applii..aticgn :`o. 2Ã.>t3~?i0 '?16014. x~~~~ Oc:c?bor 5, ;~ t r '; and i.`> . ~~ iiz a. '~C3 ~~, ~~} 4~l2 ~:~7m c$k~:I i f~FSt lt35:~U Ls'~ C=#iC ~# of ?=;'i31 i:3 is 1L..'i ~'~"
3I?L.l? 3i~>#t a'.Ya k~~= ~s'-f,+I'VZ".11.=.~. herein.
,r zi~ .~ :` 3Sas cm.s be :i).'I31ei.;: Fro2T.1 a371#.E i#.pl . ]:ÃVQrs 43z ÃI3c;w.Ã'.ÃxÃhs S:,`i:,3.. y>i W .::Tc,{7 i:'<133 >
~`.?C ~~:t? i,~~4?3i', i.. (~t:`slt'::C~Ã. tr1 i1 33arfi#::4.#lm cI?7bod.t."'i?-w31t tho bw~F:, i;+ foI"Ã wd `3yco.wi,i?. ` z:.
?.of ~`E.,3~.ii~..... Z=i`3~~:::1 pis.y..tiÃC'?"#iF: m:'cltZ:"#ii.i. =E Ã?c.
S;:tic=i# .. :1"*.si e.L3i.Ã. cw'7 bC. I?;51a;C oft''3i:
S`fi. a.x the s.. b+:#-;a~.~'.. or .Ãt can Z?'~ ~_~'iSr~, w. .~ Zi`f . ~A
d.11k F,~r-ca~:F. #~xel,t~a:~ #:<?.~r- . :..~z :` -ti. e ~..f5i#.ti 2 ~..1_.. f~~abil`~
. +y y ? r or `. c " # . . 1, ` ~, ~..
~'~s.,:c l'::.. C.:3z> as~:= b :C ~.r t3Ã~l~?~i:, 33a :~if?'.~~~~~523.:. ? ~~, i.~~..;t1.Ã"~:t'",`Y. Ã~il#.~~: ~tli..#. f).Ãf. M~t .~Ãng li3'+=C F. ~:.:-~~}6. .13.C:a:f~-Z? z~xS.`> 3:~Yi{J'b,.rt`~~:~FlC: ~et:S:x?Ã. :1~1`~..li ti,.:
E:t)sÃ~lÃi- can be applied to ~ts~4= t.~Ãl?~w.4i~t3~.3#?io'.
sIi::Ã?.t., t tS by sp.i:3y or (>.Ãp-=co~ÃU#.`g rbw bTi>cY'od.lbl`~.'~
stt::t. The bi3w .3.Ai7. coial~.3,4.T, Ci1I1 ,.#3`a:} ~?L it?~:~#?L~C? E?~~r` i:~?."~?rL:jl~.371, ? A?t~ ~~':~;+~., f.'e-11F. c~l;i{3 ~i'~~. a ~`+iS:l~C .Ã~itU:T~~ii'. i;F` ~?:d~~`~iLÃ~?;.5.
?.:f.;ud, 25 po31 a?eÃ'. C.i,:';#m3C c:3mpC?tiTtt:, isÃ<3<;ÃtJdibaf= mE`=tiE?.s uG
d,.scu,,,,~C.=dl r.#i Kzm~o, ;L#~~9:Ãs.17~.Ã, U.S. .~~i3~:LT3~. r ~.~a~L-~.~::i(?#?, .~i~? 2~1~.`r 3/
~32..`'. ~.:3.+k SÃra~` .. 2~3'" U.S. f2..ii~~#.?" :`lli.3.
t.W' 1:o.a;?ldn U.S. Published I'atet?t Applit:c:tic?n No. 2002100040c;0;.
mEtc"t?d..?I.ti :.e'i:Ã-x7llcs uo &scu4s4A Ãa? :.?'.3I:1mÃ`:{E'Ã1#.ÃFtÃ:, U.S.
11,ltÃ?xli N,?. M08,506 ,zF;.d LL. ~..~3. I No. 6,9;?.594; iÃ~.#.~d i3ii?.ri~dlblr. (:=t:`"t#.Ãn14i~~~~ OT
1:;are <=u? d#s4#:d54E,.d l.r:;,....aitc.lasa.tn, U.S. PfaFn: NS? 5,i~'16,618. -tffiG
ci7t.Ã"G C3#srvA.r4E3-rL'` Efa u'li.'h i3f, ~k:hÃ~ah ~ hi:rc.by iti;:t3:r'p..?Ã'~it4t, by mtere'nC'i OÃl1eF' i3on k:'i?d?:1le`rt..>.E I ?.ÃÃf kF:l~;
1aclÃi<:Z...tt3;:i ae:as :iicol and I-EIt".`tli?l. ".H3Ã: stet?,#:i descF'?beÃt hf'#"C.IF? 4: :1#. be i:ul.v:.~"C,d to a body F {
\~4~%rC.~. .,iif:~ ;.n 2 i.i.~Ã'=; ~~~~.~~' by a i3L.#3.):~~'~' of l:~it~~3v#f:.`='#' 3.~C'.l_#'a~.~'` s?'st`4~;~ s ..#4'~~.a c.f..^ a E:~i~.Flf3o#.e ....abt W Exempl;t y catheter S~,Stc.:ms are dusulbed iri. U.S. 1"'aton: Nos.
~ 9`; 96f3 5,270,086, z33;7d 6, 7 26, 1..~ the ;nsfm. d3;sclo:visc fff c:3;f<h of vd13uh horÃ:hy `>C~2by ~~:~t:=2'Ã`i~(:e s~tf:1"t.i#::, f~.~1C; Radius and ~? ~~.~ ~ S ~~t }Z
t~~~;i~Ã:
~.t_. ~? ? ~ ~~ti c. P: s ~:'t}T-n B'o4:3~ Scientific Sk:#mS;:=d. Mz3pl~~ { p:`f1ve MN, also C:x`:I?pl1 Y Er:ti`1e:er dE.''liZ~.:r4' .~i1..C? ;S iiow i:) '123~'.'_. 5A i3#:?Ã~ `F'i i:# st4ili 61 includes a v ,..# 69 i~?...#7 Ã.7....i#s'.~Ã';~' :. Gy? it 3~ J<3'~~o,' .?.~> s . f1'3~'aÃ'tF from z: `wtZ~'.I'i.:.E~1C block ::=d?~,.?ÃilL`:i%.:' s:.3..-~1. e-i'~ SFy.a:'.~4"_ 1 block 1.t3poBy17at11" Ã ~IBS, e.#.i?d a fi#St 1`3Ã3hy#z3Ã:r 3?e';'Z=T" 6~
:~:;.~;t c?ie tio3#ÃlÃ.d. .i~ .>.# fi-AT rfÃ3C;3w' 67, :'.itt;:al 61 <.:.3:x be 1~l L)ti~' ~ ll1laAz ~`~, F111 f # o ~~; [?
4 z~tZ.{ 'ÃÃa4 a pno<~ifie'd ~tez A .~ . . In ihe unabodiment shown in FIG. 51-3, flie cf>adm-, l~~ve'.' 63 .::ld .>; L?. :~tent 61 is nvxFiL~#~'C3 with PFit t5..i p#:Ã~d,Lk,:f modified layer ? 3%#.nI
ix:t?ta3.ifiLd 's'#1'`3.i.if.3L'e 7~ of ,:ito.t?i 7' 1. this a}articl?la:
uÃIlbodln"iont, ,,?.t'u rr, i>
a5 ..w3,a,?:s.? n M31'v t3111?x<3d4l34d. MÃ7d#fiC:i'dtion Ã?f fl1f: coating latiÃ..? 6,3 Ã.3f 5iena i; 1pr:>`+1ÃaÃ`,4 a .;e Yo.T W11?le i?>C)d#.fi'i::at1E73~:7 of t11C' 3#,$te:-f'r'.#E;i; 67 f.`?'.1}1's3#':Ec;i :ldh:',sk}Fi bawÃso#'? the < d:`.Ã(m7t ..wÃ:?"s il-11 ;' ' F~~~ 5C sba)w,',-, a ,L`t'1eS :`?f of a ?:onx h3.'v#:?~ an ~IBS cE3ÃSt.ing Eili.: ~?C31E?T~; s~:3~. .cF:Ã~i?~, :~:;~1~'i?
:?C .i?ÃZ: 11111 breatmZ:31=, ffi:;iTl3ddIi. `.yler.tlunn bC:F,.7~,.~ %ifte,.
1-14,1 i.t': '"=115 3~ , and ffic n~f} .# ppenni?tit .?pÃ.ctP;#z3? being a i.~#.~~4,#l,':i3i:R'.Ã#Ãt the ~?i'.iÃ~r`~'. and i~~~'~'~' `#;?`~~Ã.~i`"a:a+. .Ã~`
3:##'Ãiti.t~.l.,~' ,,'#~.>~i3+~'~1Ã;~~#'`:, iti~. s'~Ã)'~> 4'~;aw~ treated t~~ #~:i's N ..~`t~s }1~;''i!õ_ ~?. a~'#. [.z'l:r~,4=' f;~. .~z.` keV
; .
..#,.t',:.i.?;"i ..#.`,c>n thCYt;ai'bi?n4i #u#i't;. (centered about 1 7720t.]E
). i3:i3t#a i:# :]c.~ t~ocr e a,i, a:11 a.l:3st3a .':3,..Ã,Z.c in the Ãi3#pElc3.tla #"i:.~:Ã?i, (C.'.'.il~:::I'i:i~
about 1450 .i~;Ã~.,~.c`a:`.?1~ :#a increase 25 in oxidation `n the outermost 311~ faCe. A modified SI.~S cow~.E7 a'~:.', can b'''` used to c<l2..,ai ~ iÃ_i.~~>S.<~~`~if ,.~~.i~:"<~.~r.~~>.(:i~.SF~:.~~#.t, A ~,,,;Onl um bÃ'.= .niE?dified ?.C3 provide a desirable :iU#'l-`#:cL
f(?[.Ã.:3. 6_ L, <, pf1l?'#-?k#`..c nniaÃ'.'l#`#:aF surface 50 prior tcf.#noff#..fi 'a1f?.n Ãs ?.3^i.7c.t't.d :`..l.aZ,l#.iL'ea, AÃ-hiL vef y .3`ciLa.#lLi foatu,.Ã.3~~.''~t1 '3S?lymo.#' piPi1lfi.C' (pf31ymf''.r'c is Ef?r:~lod 30 Ai-o#?-.i:Eq.11AX 7033), Re terriii- to FIG 613, after modaiicati n b4 PI:[:I; the sut:acc iaciÃidA.\ a p:i.#Tc:Ei.~tyL?f fiii?sÃ..l ..s52. TE.ie 4il.4`: and density E:_fi the flis'.SÃlaes can i#ffcvi -!':
.'cmz3,s2" Dttc$,ei No.:' 05-01568 3 011ijO#.lz.4<i: C.?,Ã? enhance ~}?e frll'.tli)n be`:weZ;II i,.,Ã?: ;,--tLi-a FE?ad b<3ll;:fon, a'o_c?xboi E?_ ihC'. `ato`i.lt dl.4n'I1M dL;lIvC~'t'y IYItE) the b[?tly. Ri lk`mngCE_} l`~(1?C.
?:, st?nw C.u#bf)dlI_;+:t.Es., tl?Q fri:a:furS: deiis?t4' is such that ".;5.ands" 53 defined z~v- fta3 tu['e :.nCes S2 z3'f'e iaC)t e'3l}.?'#,.'. ih:]n i?.bL>i1t 20 not ~?"~ 3a4= tha.lt` about .0i,~.?~aa fa.~`~a~i~ ?"?al~,~~w ~.~aiant~E~~~`i-#f S ~..s?aa~~.
I~~?!~.v.~aazJ'~?d.:~~~:t.:.?'~~~5~ ~.?'a`L;t#.?ri: hi?e,?. are, \:.ti..,.
tL
3S:, <#> . ~... s..
) "'?:4. i5 ~ :I11Po less ~r~_i~-~) .,. ~.5 ~,?~a~? '. less _~7 ya:axsc~. I E
~.#.5~ t' h . . . ~ ~~.z ~. than ~ ~ t . .~.. . 4,<;; t~~.?a.?a? ,z ...
-m..t!? 1. Y,4'}: es, than (),1 LmiY'P,1dw.
The sfe-i2~s can carry c,.= releasable i.heri3 nt,.#t: f C:i7t: For e4.{Im;?le, ?lze <
li.'.?'i3~?c..ii{. :iTi~at ~=.... S ~:w: ica?~:CL within ~2 a~='aa3 dIt r.g +ii?Z~4r4'f: wi~..2?.?% iIi?f'?5j.a 3lf:
iL i?.?...wn.cl 4Z h?i'.h tlaL s.km" is foI.~od (`)r d1tipUI"sz`~~] wt h`n mnE>utLi' k?vQ, ttt t[36.. `i`~'.=:lt, i,Ã.?a,."I a thal tÃ?rz?'.S Pca n, of th.t.`. :TWI).t, ~~'hC: t:7.?..
i{:pi:#.31?t, c1g{ :?t can also be ("ame0a a. . :`, ~ ` ~~`, .t, z ~ ;..Ljci~'~.~ ~ ,.dr~.G:~~;=c` ~?>q~7t, ?iCf.`Ii1. For z..x:aI?..~~~le :l`:~:~ ~~st?f't.s c..~: Cri~ r;
i'<>i~~ f.E~~S. -'e #:::
? t.f,'t'.=1 o csõ'. ~.: i 3Cs. 6B <,; v<:_ ~ r 1?~l ~~ L i.#~.~.i,l.i t~ as a .C:SC.':25~~f..ti' ~:(.? a th@`ra: ; .
p`+.ll:.;rIC.?iL:t`?zr,. fti instances `., 1S'zhIL3 t,?.¾:` .,]ssi#.t':.s zlrwÃ.1uta; $:hi= ihor"clpeutdL agm7t Can be :?pp,.awi ti5 the fis.,#.ire:i ; bv sL`akT? `? t?z 3fipp'#I's.`F::
3v;4?:1-S ?FcCl?.:f.S., c3lid13iz`,m"bf)gF;Y1:it a.?#.i<) e.dz:ntS, ?I,;1 F.#.ncG3thefiL.: t:"Eaa(i T3?i.':iwapt.`utrL.
?F C:~:~ a,:?i: ~':{. 3? ? ?.;'zl~?f., ~r:: t~1~:`y +:.;~.?a ~3e t~n'~C.'r13j~
bEÃli~ ~sE ~ i2~it3211~; : }~~
flhiZ;f-t..mi#Ãac at'S,.?.i , `4'~Ii? be a ~fe~lr~E.'1, ~~~eT~3~:)t.a~?$:iii c]g.m,, a i2f311 <5'L`n4t1v bi s'i?piL'ÃtÃf a vn , )r ~=~lis. a Ui?pf?lÃtk c3,.z,.c~,3wnts C~,#.zl be ~i.d4S:.d SF~rti.1hmiy`. or :"n An. e:5.,;.i3)ple t tz a tl1L'_'ap+_'?:,mC: agent is i?1.e that 1i`I.hib.its, restenosis, such as pacliF..?5:el, Additional exc#mplos k:z}.,t..mrCu;ic, z:geni.. are described zn U.S. Pubiished 2 0i;?.'02 .{i(? +, ~i7i: c t;.t1:`~: C~EsL%+ptl#E'L of ~~A~1L`.~a is ~)t'=I`e~1?' I#aL.i3q){)riitcdJ by ?eferem-4 :-}erL'.t i;.
~2 5 wl>:;i a ~tellt Lar1":i,s a iht.r:?Ã')eLi$AC agent tt'.z,;:.Ã.tI;
dikpt.., sed b'F,:'Nn a b1E::ca'i?t3Eble I? 3. ,^ ?. .i ;.I?3 which the stA`.=nt ?ti fl?:.''I]`?i:d C3I' d1spt,.1se=i':
wltliil'a :.~f3 outer :4: p ? C;#``:?w ;te?-Ita a }?wd ..#. ; ?a?i?d?i'xS:-d region z14 d..scT#bwCi above <..xl;i be w1fi: w to help C.;?at:oz zZ.,e "i#.e.{`.a)E'r .~3 r'iNch tz3t' ?d .S'.i1;?afQ't)ld:`
thL.Ias"pi;'w?C c?u;'o.A ~5 de.?v[:"`eCf to tht bi1dy.
i 5.' Nt:, ..ec'.tj:1 ? 1't1c entire outer sIIS'fil?::=e of :iL3ch a 4lav?It w:Ei~-~ Plll t'=a)~~IÃ`e: that tc ?f; L_?`z'1"wLa .bz,..i`apt i3tic c:bgeIl`i !H Iit?t di:ifVd::red d3,i'4e-fly to O1`~.'= lfin2f:n 1xr%1.l% .?n w!%:w411, w?d: the oECt,.t ?)s.. .:#.,so the 'Lfm~..-z, L'etÃ:l"P+,3t Pi:ns,.=t?'at?;:
thrl"),ug}3 the modified w~~: AC12i to a~.> to the ~ = ,,,, An:arraq Dai.i w W~.: 1452+_735Ã;+WO Ã/Cleat Re.f. NÃr. 05-01568 iuni<:Ã: zt3 such ans:ances, tllo ::~ler4ig)eutic' agc:`iaà would be fii.l:
vcrG.d csnly to Ãlit:
3.i.1..iiath<E. flows rb:rL7.,.ES . .~~.i'. i.`.'. `v3:~t. As al~.E>~t:~`z:.~~' ~<.`xt3ll,i`?la~, 4 a:f."a`{'gz#? c"Z% ~. l.., i'~`f}~.i5 . `c:
, ~ N, i 1 3t #aÃIt '' t1 . ;~tiL.? a 5ii..i~.t ~~+'.ii:il ,. 1.
s.133;, 2` ~..... ~ ' )~.~.~. tt.3;~ ~t;,~4+. tdt t of .~ [.~3C' i;i ~Ll'i .
Y = .~,=llÃ:t :;.tt 4 z'~f.;~:,`t,,.
.~.z~==i. . f~ ?` k L\3 ~C.3 .~:~.r 4;
~ ;~~
;
ti.mcÃ:`Y t3 :h.. allini'n ft(sÃ.11 thc i.s~:'.~wcd p<;tÃIezE',ts., bL(t is C3c,.x`. :''t:.'.fZ,i .dii'o+i.li': to the .. ~' ..:.i I ~>x3i i i i:+~.'ar.S::d pi3#'tid11i?x of Ellc stl;lit li't conÃti1'.Ã: :,v1 :1 dhS: i.uirS.ca`3, S2.E.t..~',3 a i:'t311t`'f.gur""I?i`#`. 1fflt3','.s for selective fi'i:ÃiliF#CI3t of portions of the s .#:irlC'.'ll w'c;b3l, tc~ FIGS. .f 7C,bit}~.,rE?di~.~le ~~c:n: 200 includes w F?lLiraii y (~,,#`
3t>Yu:Sti ai.o;ls, .._. x 0 \?L.fiiaG;d. :. .i . a 201 having a c(?>.8hq.c'.ti: thivka3C:' along its E} 1''.~,,iftidi'.i':itl ae.a r`tl1. :7tcint 200 tnt:lu~'~:S;~ three portions 202, 204 un(a 206 L`>vlQ h porÃ.ii;'i;
1,0 2 ,.>','1I`g a bt:4L ~yJ;C:'i'?l and a lIi3i'd pE?l.5 a31cr r.~',i;i':.
In pan'Ãlz'.Ldc7E'Y poi'Ã1$: n~ 202 has a po]~'?;'it,r sy:~tc`.'?1 220 t:tl'ti.l, a hard pt3l4mei region 222 haZi`3g t`.3#a tinus,-, pC`,#.'Ã.l`Si. 2Zi.:~ has d#poly.n;i sy:~tetl: 23i? ii71d a hard pi~lyn:lcz region 232 hav:t1g i..ickt3t.4s ?'Yi, and pC3itid?.i1 206 has :t polymer ?45te#ii 24,0 _.nd a `
aI"d poYy,iie:` #eti'J:3i 242 lm'4 #nr; i:..<knea I..d', l.iii'.knt.`~Ns of edcii region bmi)mos smFi:..or" welerl i>i(?t i#:'z a piz:sl.,mml Li?d ~2+5 to a distal i ii\1 250 of ffiZ k 5n"t ii c,. # ~ 'f?F;~:
.k ui)':lttgu,m.\`n st#L_.. .1;. Ãiii4 .t:lowk; lt?r koi`Iut.}', over the nai=.ii1:erI,iõ ~O-1ic..> the (i ds.?pr4.#5d:.:'sis ei':~'.d Cs. Ii: this case, >G=gli?..i 206 c{#Ilri"6l kly e?'.`rde;: Ix. frE'~ egeC3I7 204.K
wili1h in. r%ii-a., v'wdr:s beiti}Ie region 202. rlic likelihood of tF#.'aanA.f3H4d: 3 c%g'i'z3L.1..tEhm, is reduced.
}.
~.\.! S,r.~.~1.2}i}Lti [ii#M1'Y to FIGS. f Efid\t b1o`ilodibpe Mat 20\s (of FIG. 7{ p:dkdlU.t.ed .;-i"t:#.;3 an ui#Ã;.iaxred, a#id l?,k feis.t.sti<3CkCi E?it?t'rod1::"~~3lL p:"L:-siLi_Ã by :,`i-nph,,4'zng t1io #'111 ;,~~~ten, sho,s;l il> F[GS. 4A-4C. Dori~~g pit.=dimion; open c azl:~ z+f_, ttabdk:r 3et. tt i7Ã t3i?i i:il:;isfõc~. S''~'it~~l E,~.i~:?:4'yS'f,"~. ~,li.p~9ot,~
t:~3'+,. s:'.+.{t'~~?~~ i_+ pli.li L~~i i::~ the Il'~~.j':
}. 'v~.4. . . .
~~ s,tcm and at. 7iiÃ:or portions of tlic prv ;~ient are trezi1ed with ion-q.
Afti..A a destrcd 2.. iff1A'3laF. .xÃit.;# . an 3mpl>illC_Gd: pi'e-;itkt>} 2?0 1~ roi.^;I.?vL'd from tz`st, 11111 syst;~Il;, h.1pS:i3.i7ÃLd ;?i'L 4`.:L:.lt 270 at this li+#ii"i.t has a transverse LnoS.i Jeuiol3 along its longitudinal iL`"igtihwht. ~ ~ ~~ ' ~t ~'i:ai:T ~ ieS ~~e \. s~S sLL.'t.ii.3 :~~~ ~~~I-l:5. ~r. ~V~.~.L ay.
` i"s3~~'2~ 1r`i t it:~3. . '`.~~ia.il.
O@pi`:*'.#. k,.i,a<7.LZs Ã1f pi?No.i? 272 of implanted pre-stent 270' are :igYS>,Fod with, a ;~i#p~#l`snle3, to ptod'{.,ot. ci?ii.ÃC:d pI'o-si.en: 280. P:e"stcnà 290 iti produced by placing =.>rL s:Lm 2,N,lt in te'1L ~IR `:r<sLE.',.m, '<Ei'ld if:3;i iFytpldLiitiFlw?
Fild;.'.l`if3ndxi.:t3m, Eh::i`:' tt.e 33i-is s4:9a:mq F.?e~r.k,:# Nc.: lt>n27-7:10W4:}F;Ã.`.Ãsem Ref. No.; 05-O1568 i3 '=3#5.~.,tI'ate .'.~~_y3 ., {it:cp= t+ imo p..' C.'. gmI~ 280 ffian dw`F:11'~c-'. toES3-c il(3F# of pi C'. at+..,a 270. iS'>e :.t3tdfins; on Ftoitiofi.272 p:i':;teciiat}1F.s sL'ggr1 i7t .f1`3327.
a>ZdF.i.iE .l;il implf3.:7iatio,t?., N u`x:; #:il ?
4 .pi?-~f. S.a:cl..e.*` oi pozÃli?<; 294 ari:-:"=ovvt'ul witll ;1. coating to pr+?duei'. 'Loz:tF>.~d pi t'...
..tS.,i-a300. Cc3<aie4.~'~. pii.. z;Ãent 30{) is *aLt;:D pl.f;tcec.i back if7to, thi: l1111 sy`Ãi:r.:', iulc>
1~?l'tà ` ~~'(x ~~ ;.~~lT; ~~:"~.:" ti:~,,1t 3 1 O. ~t~eE?~.i:i`~iC)Fls it+~' 1~1,E3,.G:i~.t~.:li~f:k ~3ti:~ S~'.ioC.t~:~i_ StÃi>~
~r : i> ,: ,,...`j ~;, ~ i. F~,:
fb:Et ..l`.L pLnou,`a:4= F';C?F4 deeply :T2Io thu'ts nct>veI'~.`to pt:frt:C?Fi than +,~`^.:3riF 3; formation }t.:~r~.Y", !LfvtI.~.?;fil. The f:~?iilli~t~.\?F~ pf~!-t:~)l3i! 2~),~ and 294 protect these t~?;.~iil~~:~.~ f}1'1[.i n 4 f All c3s tY:,kmli,r f`e;.e:~t?t~`.Fo1tS 6tle t3,a in the lv`ekll of the dev.EcL., c. t by ia.:.cr iEz~s ~EF??Ã :3i>
,y' ~~~ `~"1.;r t?;F\. ,~rLif.: p t. } 7 ~;' t~ f.~.=yry r C>}!. y,r~
=~nt~~5i3 261 w: ,r F'~:~~ii:}f ~.=,vtY l T i?iC1}~tio1~,.1. the lti f? ,.~ 1~:~.~i< 1..~1.;.~ ~Gk.~~y at :{Z5-~ d'~~ ty .,i~t~s: are 1..~ to e ~t t . \
of y40.~.= 'i, L:~t ~2~ ~1t.~
_?~~}~,~:.2` , :LoõF'`"`n{_ i now to t~!- k,.!1, gr >F~~ :F,~a'\ of ~F ;3iL :~I~_sE.F~?~a `t:t: ~,,~
.~ ~~?:~, i'i_~ t`:~E~ i cC'.;` if~.lC.:3tUnt 200 ::o t.lc dz:s.redG1t... :md expansion <FEFd. deplLx'6%i'ien3t of the ~stY:F'E It3j'acck3t t?c`.lu51ma 520., d.i' <,:uF::, 200 f?ew'#..;; to erode wFthf?l ltdt3=iei1 322, D2:Ft'Ãng, FYs, dapii?i`F.2s:n`, i..3c:= swrF.f ~:;f br: t+ ~? ~:?_:F6:?~`'?: c:f. E iz 1 a the ~.li'.'~? ts`i~.3.T2G~ 3 c ?"
322 end 245 is ~.k~;':*~.?~i:~;".~>'~ .~';+.'i:a?Ci '~~`~5,~~, ~
'' t iI'= a '~low t?f fl.i:d". M.t #he li;.l-1+;:F~ (direction En+,3'kgid by <i3t+Jw 340) 1~zhe s.e:'1t ..Ã',:?a.:e;4 _?" m.
the .:i:r?& 3o.v.aF.d\ el]c t3utsFclfii tvtmSs-c FC.,:joi1 222 , -32 <:3;d#d 242 s,3: p.?rrloa.s 202, 204 .i.t~~ 2L~{> i'Z'~''f~> ~'.~ S:Fai ~#a~lZ~i~ of bodily fluids 3~I3.tt? the 5.~..;~ i:~3`.P the ft...~' a1:~.:
;.(3,xa3rd4 t,...' In fl'i5:; early sttlgC`ti of i.'.i :ssfo?'15 the hard 4Fir.c3ci,.`; provided by il?i~
2 v ~AL:nt :.;: p`,3or: ..~.'i liÃ.lai growth (oa~dothelraldz+:it:eoni and c;~lo~, the hIen: t:F bec[:s:-ni firmly ttiE: iLF.I33eSi, A-t-3%,i L:rosiC?n $A~thL bi3st 5`v4.oF.ilii3 Z. Ab:l;.
poF':F.f:)`al 202, 204 and 206., only th:c E'G;g1(?.i3;y 222, 232 amd 242 of potbn.y 20y 204 and +`W
1c43Gd .F~ i i': ?emafn (FILY, Wh at this paflFit. the G?`Jti C?Ft 1`:t. of all :he p?ffli?F~~ , sk)1?~
lx'.~~tIusc t1se= Ã"w:; of 4mooI] of to LF't?,-':ilit'-kt;d. poF'tTE>?3 is slower ti--m;i t:'1c b,.ise ,hÃ?* ;I.#`ti~P?;.l' cellular gri,?w .h around tx?i. 1'C:i7:?I?d.ITlis isf the h*~.`,T.3:, l:; i :.G si~~., stages ~
e.t35.i<rF (F."..Ã.a .13, only Fhe oxidized ccirbC3I?Fzi::d .f:t,' ,.1't?n., (collectively 350) Fe:I1<31u., ,F hich .in. ki-Ht envOopod wit h cell growth ~~~i atic;nz}rc:d tc.s tl~le, lti mc:~~::.
T:iS,: St`4.1ts dL.zacribW hi;:: Ã iy? a?F'I be t::i1ill?gt#md iC3I <a=CvF3iif i3`, .3.>.'F'oF'is,. For .,lr.lmple, they ez.iii bG configured fC3r w,,c in Ã1w, Lsz3pi F.g~is e3. t}le Pi't3'state:
Otlicl' .4.rt.L::sJ a17cludc btlls3.:y (-wpatiSK 1FtF??~=F;y pancreatic I'knmen4, iFi"s.~~?L'~'EE
,3'1-F.~.'.A?s c3F.d > a,.tL':YF:a 33ÃrtÃwY \o.: 10-5527730i'4f?lA:lie.aaE
3f:y,ii.ei>t dcai::`1~t:tr hvrclii can lbe (tyi:4.Yi or r(.'Flder+,:d raiho }f3aqua `?y, :aGd1`t'.i.iGlrt of ~ . ..adiÃ3 oim:qLu'. I.71awg..r13s kudi as N3.i'.iuI71 sm).f:i1tE', platxnl.1TT1 or ~~~?ii~2 or by t: I~in:?
r2d1:}opaGjlta A nu:-=rbor of c:.a:boehinents have been described. i've;>erÃht,lc.s5. ~~ will bo r.~.~.'~`.34Ã~stZ:3s~3{,: ~i,~i~t Z'C~.a~'~,i.]i~;ti >~~.~.~~,iil~~~~-~4:tIions ma~lbZ- rnado wiLh\Zu,t ...Ma~..~'. .i ~.:+:.fi.. S~3F,.:25:
and w(r v }?f .lk- disclc3st1re. Aca,oxdl!'igj.', +3tlwr 41I7bodiIi2ont5 are it.11.lf: kf'1c se<;po of:.
.~o.iif1w .ng
1d u?I it...l7 k l~r~'c E:: t.te disclosure f3.;a~iir`+a,'k; 'c`,~3 t'Ã;.d#;}pIs`tthC`sIs that i,~ filled wtti3 one or iry'Ãt?,v ,,:L'.-ri1poutii: xlwa.'.Ã'&tc-"5 trL'cÃtctÃa with !?Iic or iiiorL t;sorsÃpeL1tÃL' agf.n~s, and.'s,=)" ' hat< a ~,.iÃv`.ii.Ã"i..{~ N::;: <i3f'i: ;~'iC?3~~?}.?~>lf`+~;y; as C.~+`,'.5~'ii~~t;C~ herein, in ii+~?'ic.:i ~Ã'~{:'tk. L~ 1~:'i l Ltf', o 3c: or 1o,: iler.tpeLÃti:;~ agf:nis.
t.;ih,er <.spci,+.g or oi?-1bi3d3,ru#3ts may h1cl1Ido `:=f?m.3lnauC?#:a4 of hS; features tn, dE:::
<3hr3t.:.d..LJ above i,..ÃdIis, one or nÃL?it: of ~~.'~.f.., 1'611.k>w3'f`lg.
3'TInf.'~ b3-se is a b:o`'.rf-?dÃhzc poiij`..,`=Ã.
`t`i~f.'.=3~! 3.,.k2ibi,3n !L;d , pol.., 3c3...Ã~ an ÃtÃ`'.t.tS4 F<3i :i7d?U3fil'sà i ii.3Ã'. of flntr b<1:s,-,c ~ . . .. .. . ~r . . .
p .i Thf base is a it`!?C3f:`:<:)d#b5c liJda., 'F .i; f: g#, c\ a :Ãk L x..'i3[3n, .I3:ÃWI'1ij.. "I}IL: rug {33'l lh?1;i3,.1dfi:'.; t ?#apE:1ti4. c:2FbE.>`tl mGItLr:aii. Thi:
qom ÃI7 =ÃiÃati:;i a. 1"? i Ãf)n, f3>. IÃ?;iC,.'a?1kti,:d bcisf= .lw Zn-ro5;;I'>#x..:.te Te`s7zil.
is dÃrL'4v }. A Yõc)2 } 5: ) f.: ~.LÃ.!!y~lS.{).F~'V~} ]~ 9 \~k lyy ~(-~ C~
}~fj'~ tl, y 1~k L ~tAL2t? t j ,}t ~]F~[~}t y))(~==td}~iY sr~}')+{a~'A,.C>~,'5 +'7r ,\.
~'`iA`.' V~\Zc,~.i$~=Sit t5 x F ~jÃ~s-~! ~ Yl~!<44vi..12llC3iiL\~ tii21~. Z; ~F2~~ ZLS L v ÃA. ~E it~V~l .:
base ~ ` ~"~'I~ :: :?:c3::t'=~ ic3~, Il1e i'ndl;pÃ"t)~thesrs :+Ã3,.zudf;s a rs:'t?ion of onir{1-t!ea `.'.'f1]`'.'t?3?:~.`r !J.att:i~i<31, ihL'. +?ii3fit1L;d Ãk:;"3.t3iI beÃng ;`.~II""uV bo13(sZ=d'tf dhC' lr'~thi?':t3;
:atft>mcti= Ã3ck&x, ~sz.: .Ãe~=k, Rtf,No. 05-0IS69 i,;,l1o. .3ift#ta.rq." to x',?.? sc. 'rhG. :Y"t.4Ti:tl1 ( -xteI#d:d from .:
s1::. fi3.i.t:= of Ehe g3aSo. An of L`a.a5ti~~ty. of it?L' bm~e I:, '11~4tb,t{.? abou 1of the b<!,.;,c t .?o'k.;lle:
thed~'~`~~f`, A :'.#.Gk~#it~:;is of t~7~. .eit'#i?I? is ~9.i3 ,~ i_>33 l.L?
Fb.?i fi~t~t,?
., . . . '~. . . . . . . . . . ~~. ~re.. .
. ~
I i?i :, '^:.~3 +.. it.kÃ,~.SC ..lalt ls ~~?t:)~it 20% or .t~S:i than an S1~c G~#Z fa`.Yc :~i.l~ ..` ~?;
a~~.\.' ~~C~~~.- i 4i ~:~ ~#Z'L..={:^~ 1,,t.'dw3.
The base is s'tv.iS:i:tt.tF ti-i'i ~;'toUp i.;lt`.`T;ll?1 " of po,Y#wstt,i `.u-n?t.3es.
x gi? .
~s} -^~~?t~"~?rif3:)tex~+ ?l~=~.~ 11 wtt:=~ c?li cc. ~, ~ < . pi, ` ~r~i~ ~~~~ '~4s~p:~~,;. r ~~~~ ~~i;.5:~.a~~,:<,;, ~,~ v~I~.::<3~~c .#";i: a`,o}'3Aymi:#'s or Nt;1;d5 of aIiv of these pi7]y3I`e2s, Th - bt35c ;3 metal, 4=:ns.iglle.>.?,m, : alci:3Y1'i, llÃh.iE3 ,t, ;e:13`c >itE~th i~letl,~.v.t?`~t5, iron, i3lua?l`?-m1,3 Ii>iG, cobalt, S.:;pp!:'.r. 'f,i?i 43.3113:x?, t.s.lan.1k7l.?i, +.?T :x?lxiu1i5 4, ::llo :? oi a:1'f y t}fÃ3^'?C'.s4=
~ t ". = ~ t ~ ~ a x~ ~ a., Ã:F~~~: , .e .,:~: :L~~ittl> has }. ~i:~~~llÃ`~..~ ~::I2~"~~i ;E71~?~'~.~3sE?~t~,.~ ,?~:0 :il~ a 4? ~~`~ ~;~:u ~:'~i~tlF#':' ..letisFl? of ;#z";i3w 5 t'Sc..ce'slt or 'tI1C}.C:. TElc region i,:,i;:?i;s a ti.t..Ã':ipG'u-t]a, agi.n.t. ~Me b=sist'.=
f.:l>i t:#.ta[.N .i i43att.i#'si,.;. 3l1+;.' b a`L.1s c.; pt>iand th:?=
b<1:tC, is treated to ~E@~',YZ .d c Ã1.
=
t;?i?t al,cC~ `':'?.;. ~;tt;'.+i.1+3Ã:x.Ã:;. ..L p1'x -,=7.dcd with a poly'Ã~lef ia'r.'i,> ca>?d the i?Flv'i'I~ Y=:iyG? is t3'',w.cited to pitri''?txz: i3 mt}ia7iied i'ef.T,.Y.$;3.
'4,t?pic:4 and/or }. ovtxi;Tii=a3 Yts may lli: -#x ,~ytiF sz~ v. .t9, ~s.' i.`, i ''..';
.1>~~~=~. v.~.=~ one t : ~~1w ~ i33it?i~`?.11 ~
I .Sc endoprostheses ':-l.1', j' not I1ectE iCo, bi.'. .# i:3*~tv~.. ~
i'E':.~T z#., y ... 2 t: E;~$.
~ i. ~ 3i.izGieE.: 1~~
#zF.?ii! 3?? c3: t+:?. The L.>ZL.op :IL:yffiS;nS.':^ can have i3 low Ã_:]i'Ã>II?.:?cZ?gr `G','`ÃZ :#,?.i:i11 ?i-n})~'s3n-ted w.3I.z the wnLa?p.ii?;sfii.hescti .'.-a"rl f ,h.1bIt ?"GduC:.:d i~~~teIAi95aS. .l=#.c hard tiur,.tlces C ~,E)l ~D=x;:.n~ilaC: b surfaces s ;~rÃ~~'s(~i:,i~ t ~+ n v 11~:L~~?;.t~;~=
ia;i~.S~:-> tiS.1 ti=
.a ~..Ã~s.. by ~~~t~ i~ppo;i't t,4d:#.la" growth Ãn5:,, as a result, minimizes the risk of s,.lit1'spÃ"t?sÃhes3s-hi3#{d surfaces provided il.i':'.. 3`i3buRt....i1vfng, a "ed3..#cF:=d tenC}.e#it:=y to .rlE.il s:ir ? b#.i,i 2??atS,s.1Lil. ':he hard ti'#.Irl'aE.,':''.s provided 's?a4= liex.t,`3lÃ}. i lit` i ...: ÃdF;E'I -lz<.:i$tit`:
s.3f,i Ãi-l ;.<2poi<` t. .?-~;{'_=nt -f3't7:17. an :'.=nd<3pt'oSt$?t'sts cm-i t?E: cf?mIo:led. lle rate t3f<:z?ti10Ã1 ~ +)t' d1ffL#'iÃ>` ii rÃ3o Ã"S of th :? ef?dt1:t~ro iÃha.seh c-':.n be ci?ditif~III 4o;l, a Rs3w1~~~<r the indc?p;.otiibt;scs to cst?de :12 ;.; pri;Li['.'Ã.erm'i;:led 1`3`leknd2e'z, t;d:Ji` ng, i'.:? the z#k;l;hoz>d t's;:
,#.?z,k`r#L',3,..:.~ii I?'<`l4:FI?i.'.Fta~~:m ~'~?.~. S:?~:.<3;7.1~?l~', the ~3i `e~'S~.E;,~~ar`ilii?t;Ce m.i#I?Y?e-r of . :'os'#t;i ^ can bE. ei':<<i^# F.r? if:SlGO E:'fE$lv. L'=ndopF't?.+thc.41fi to an t3[Ptsfdi. of *h.[: C:I?.i#3:#`3rt`+si;:?t.4V4, or {at?z7? :a a a . $ .
.?:sz ~:::lt. `s ~? =~a aia :3 ~1i.. #õ~!~S 'o > ~j".+rZ?ttboSis [i? i ;et.;.::~}i~ l: a ~'t end of the ~.i 15 An #?i :bIt7.'I'C"d#.btt:: C:Ã1dopn:.`rss:.hti.s3s, 4 a ltizit, x'elE:#'s 3:Er an ..t,.h:%P#.osii3t's.4, tsF ,:1 pisi't.ti?.,.?'#.btt'.ri..?ta Fh,.tr e:5.fii~.'~1ts st,bst<?I'#Ãia. 'Ãixa-ss or dens:~>=' .c.`at:ii>t.Cn or tbiLaSll.cal tImnszitfrinc9,ii sÃ1, after it iS
Int"zodi..ced i.i1tL? ii pc3dcm~t IELift`it3I7 pat:.ci.l. Mz1s4 iv4:.i:tlf?n :`ci#-.1 t?Ci.i.af "'3y', e.g., dissolution of the s`z1;..tO...,.a: fll~l.t :.s3tÃils ..ii,,,~ c:a>:1opzt:isi.heS,.S 11nd'(?.1' flag3ni.>F7t3.m-', of fl-U ;fldop>i?sl.+Ii:S1S. (I'mrace1:
can i3?t,`Ii3&
~i ..,dl.it:on n.,3. `aC7i::i; or 93tt;.s:;;i s..-lE;.II'z.cal 1'C:ciC'.i:.():i3.", of One mtftC'T"fc?.l '.~:Y"a.'rIlõ W33'ch the :,rr"' :i pt3Tii'on Ihei'L'.f?f, is In'clda`,:: lf hti.'',. e. x3s1C?F.3 ~
.'.a. bi: ffi~t ai?`i{fE of i ct?Lilli.."... b:E`,z.3gli::i1l iE%feri.'tE:tiiZil Z?f the C:1'1dC?i?it?s.bGs3`T Wi("'3 the llitk?.\' ".hL; b43itt .t4oAfE;1= b?% , a~=_:Tz~ I ,_, which `.t if tpla:?{zed .e-f3C3.`L?F' e, t)w.3a1 Mm3 : c t `gw`s =f' d by }pp1y I#1g a tf z gc?.eo itl,?
:I2fli3<:11cel, sI,lcbi as a.t :;he3..:3::;itl xw;.li:tal.t til H';là i?y ftt `z'E-iC' t ;C~ir~)1?? ~~? R3~, e.g t? a reaction rate. For ..s.,$Ã:1~:+~e, ndf `4if>Lizi. i~ L.~i.i'.. ;~l. ~ ~?~. ~ fn t~t~ Z~r~.i a`f; c.<iA! he T~
~'~a f~. ~nr. #~ ~. ~? . : a~.r~ ..ai it... 4iz~: ~A t t.a : '` <t. ,t.ZS ~~~
~ ~ ~,~.' V
or ._:'ii Z3i.b:i al:lt?Z' ths' rt:of, ilfld.vb1C:h caT1 c$Y?dr` by reaction ?1at.I'f producing ti:t:
of if:s ?t`?nz 2f l1; 5::tti~ L ~SF : and ~ C7.~i1 i.'= .LaET:~ I
ve~~.1`E.=It. 3`x~~3. For ~ z':, a:V~=z?lt:..,...`
~~ k3y 'l~~. `~ ~~.~'~~f'f3,.~L , zf,`?:~ an t=.I?iY'>;?,[ts "">e;i"s, +;?, a ~.?c.3`1tn tl1e3QLsf, cmi be -foli]'?id ft)::n an G.Todlble ti?;= b#f).'r:?:fii3EZa.
p3l" zi3 o.,,.. al at?3' or blend ui'Ã9YiNi, or bif.li'i't1dIble p(33?s'i::3s xw b''t%ixS4;h, G:i`.n i.:i''s:~ ~?s For e,L'lfi`~$plm,`..,.ifi ffity cixdt373f'C?4d34Si4 ..?ixl.i}? ... , o:3~.~ F, t 3~ .? LS s ~~ ~~1t ~.C?I? ii~~( i ~ period C3õ.~'~1i2?~: which a function t;'~`Ã`~3`~
2~ k~'. ~ei C nry.4 no It:i~.+.isr i 3 } such as :iifp~ C? iil of~a lumen fq~ :~'i~lE iI a..i~? Ll~ .iF~'~ fl, ~`C: :
`'? :e[.dt'..C, i3, In xDL.z"t.it'?.ik3i` s:t13t)c.di17t:niS, fl:1S:::ridop3o4Ã.#csis t`:Y}i..}?it;i ~ i,.ias-i i;f about 10 percent or iT1orG=. L " :~ibC>u;' 50 percent or l :aii a , after a p#.>. i; _. of >:,7p.i1:J21ait:om t`>' t?i;c day or i'.?.f}f'%',:, ts.g: ai31Lit 60 days or Il'iC??'t.= r..boui Bi? ea4's or i:ii?i'::;
.?z,?.3i ~?ri ~3 ` or umCDm or ?00t) days i"i leSS. In ;,i]:;bf?diF?~'i`s_'ifts, O... :':;;t,.~e4i x , @x3i}iii i?L` `vl`i3`ixf?#1 'i?i'tJussf:, . Th' :~õ's'cl`'.inimtmiC?n o4c..,E:~,~~.' a`S, e.g., 5onnt:
2,~, i i;.."ionw- of sn a.,ld.?pÃ"i?5t.31o`fS c1'Cide more mp3,~ly if:%i iots3e#" i t+:Vfii?..lh: T3":.. ' z3-stuf >v..L'sd;t??5 reL:it}...s bei:t?n'tc wf ,<7k4=3icd by 7?'1tiT'e ql.f.i;Aly E:=T'& li'r'3g through tboE?od;: of the s. . .6.E1's_)r++st#.a'.>.is ai'xi.~"`. fIc3wiT1c1Zw f#.'??1 fiiL= slower :"I'(?.t".1#ig f`t'.g1(?.1s, Ths,.. ;:thtcF <i'a::zdsnH i$t1d A.?wcr ei.si:zii' U~li1i,4 mbv be i'iif3dC):ti`? or RE`t',tiefi?1ed. For ex.EÃ:t~3le. f:iSÃt~t` ~i'e)`~.EI?~';
i: 'Jmis 1F.,.Ã i' be Pi'Ld4..7iicd by vl'i.`adi1g Iii' regions li;}
'nhauri5.%c: dw.Te;kz-Ad ? c, ..li:++iy z3.'P.
>Y) i,le rcg,io#.s, A3.ei'i;w vvE.i ieglt?,.ZL'> may be t;;f:='s3t.'d to reduce erosion mt#,.s, e.- by i. sii:.g o<3 , :t;:i s. i::3 4zI1bi:idim.t;:i?tS oil!'i' ps`?'!'fi)ns of dw i:=Sidi?pi"oki'iL,sJ;i c?.a3i?.iEs Atxõ sip Dt:r.kci Nei. 0-527..730WÃ3z:TÃ;ea9 iiÃ#: Ns).: E31 fl1;e6k cta!dxbilfy, ,Ãvt>.. Ã:`xaI1ipl::=, i3.Ti i'oaUw"3L.? layer or cf3ablig maybc c.?C:tdiblF'': L' 3#ilc: an .nt~..=.Ã~ r.i'. . . . ~^ r ~ t ~ : r ~~ ~'~
r I~~,.cx or body is 1t- ~:r~~~y~~t~b~~nt ~.~?ts, Ãs?~~ ~,~~~i~pr~ :;~rb~:~...
is Ãt~t~:~:~.~
y ; <.y~ . .
j~~f~~} an ~.r?~~.3t~.4=. C i~?~~$;i9~,'.: within ~i:~t~.'~~t~1`"~.::~~:~i(~.~lJl~~ .~~i~te.~-~al sticb a1halar~i-l-o-Ft\`s( t ( ( y^e{ ]l*ft~:~=~{J~` l~.y!~'sis has t~ i~) i~-2h~VL'4~.W\J
{f~}~>(}}'y-~^ porosity j~}$ {1~jf -~^ 4'}~~si\.}A~ ~?A' t~55e vnZJt}L\~~4yi}~
}y) ].4 (.l1.irA.{ } ~.
2 \.~( }i ~1~~' YA. `j . ..:' .t)f u.
~.?a'`i,`;. rates ~:{333 .~"r+, .,?Y'.ii.~'.i t~1'1(~ttti a f.e.-a e>admtpÃ";?gbesm s.mpt'.nd4(."2 in a s.7'e'c3nF lif Ri3,;,e?r's soluE.Yiim flowing at a rate of 0.2 :n. sÃsumdt D
.i'i.`. = ` Ã : #:l~ ~
\.A;f<i:Ces Eta ~.`='it. 'Ãest o"3dopIt?stheS:~, oan be exposed to tzL.e `..ant: For $i3a kC~. z?.i .#1#'s ixi Rcilgei 's, solution is #.i `LSlut3,?1`3 of Tt?i:Cllt.:y boiled d.sfi>li:=C:
,~:t.?ntti~nmH.,ii,6 sodium ciflorwt.~e, 0.3 grf:im pl?jZi..s Wm L.lil?r.i'i.F4. C:#.).: 033 ::i.ra.r:
:s?3i:?`;de per r#t:"i', (X...ei atrpui:r.s, fLaalure'"), and akES a^.~~tagi's wi.il. be iippam~i(.
fi't?'~~~~ tbo i.S.'hi.:~ip.::o0:
t}.:~~~draw >yC24 a14dfto#nt1hi., DESCRUrlION OF i~JUN'VIN(T,S
GS. #..A
R are longitudinal v7i wsg i:lil itat#:n~~'-" dL #:L,' IL of a polymeric aiit?e?o'~~]blz, ::>.c3#t ::n. El (:{?llapsCd state, t'~~?
t3~~ti_?ta xf:hÃ'. 4r f3:. and tili:
2A is a ~3e']~~ ~.~.1-~;7'~li ~S` of an unexpanded b?LteiC;f:~ `lt: ~'w'3t ? ?t 1`';s? a p;:.3i .,:3~ +~ C?~ >~ 3;e.st`afion _ & 2:1 is a ti ansvo4i:3 4~-ro4ci s4'+'..tIt?I3aI vi m't'` of the ti :;~t of i 1:.5:
4'~a::i.;~,.> base .3~~f;'~. ~i hard i~ExlL~ir:34~i .~t~~'i{:?n, 20 ' A: _ , 'n Y s R is a p41'spMivi v1iw of i.iLo. 5~~~ebst in ~ IG. 2A iÃ1 thC. , t:t3i:'..ss of el';?s ilng.
is .#. s,~]~.5:~':tl.'~..~: i~~}ltit~ i#f+".i of t~~r`. ~:15I1:~7s zii?~3., t~.:(_13~e .,~ '=$ a j?i>?tYs3T: Ã.'sf ta.i ytt.'3'Z_ w<:i.i> flu:3.:<3 i'.{^ i1` ~ IGS 2;?:. c`'7 17d 213.
4A is a schem,"a1c- Ã:;rt?ss --ScLil.t?.i1a3 L Ãow?Jf a I-Ai:isF:.F.:i:'+i'I.me`,"'4:i,?#i i'<?3'#.
Fiu ?:i .niplant atio '#. xi ppari~tu`.
t . 4 1B is a >i:h wni.,.#c top L iQ.i' of :3tef?.t` in a 8411np 1 C ho ide.#.' (~~.iL.eEa. ;>'zE' C=~:~~i~~i~ ;z a~~~~ Ã~:?I7i;L='G.~ si"om .ii'~ti').
: #.U 4(1 is if dL UEzS,:d orosi Jes:t.i?ni3l. 'v'iew of t}3t' }7laJAna ~~~2~~~ t .. ~: IC.~: -:~.r'~..
o Atv?ra.cz= Mgdka Nfs:; 11?52`' 733i&={3VÃ'ÃierFg: Rc#=.Ns>.: 0 -dÃ.Ãq6fi . ,;
<=.
1 .~i; .~ Z is ': 4r~:1?sZ Lxs~;:' .'=; lfoJ -`i.:4t'ii:r?'1i3. Z=Ã '~~' ~'+¾ i3 ~3143C Ii;Sa?.~~{ stent . 3aaw has ÃÃ
HU ~.s Js a à 3I?tiz ~ h~ .::t3ss s:`ctAon~l Nfcw of the sÃc'ÃA of FIG ~'~ 5A
cifti=Ã"
~ FaO. '..`;.. .s a su1C>s of nlii..AZ:iL:i7?aa"? spectra i?f.:., i.3t#.tC'TT?'b'f)s: ~,,Li#'f...e:Ã, .sa , htc"nt ~{ 3 3<
sl~?~.`?14~; ~.',~..i>3, t'<?i.#t?t?#~< .it~:F il`LEÃ~3 ~3ti'?Ã~if~f:
~?t.it.p~`~. .~1~.~.1 ~i~> ~..::,.l.Z;.?i.a ~.~fil:~ .ti~it3.CS.:Z:
~, _ _ 4:3..,t?"~.tTn ~,~;t? .a?a.i P I I t1~.<1.lÃ.z?c~~i~-; and t.~?4 uppermost s~;'s.C~,i~EFz1. t~~.)Ãac, a .,tffwre?lec of ffiw C'Z.A.`'{j aftC:r.
> L 6A iu a a pi?lb' iT,e3"Ãc rI:c?.tC:E'T:$l s?..I,fia.c prior tf:.
>t mC;dficc?.t . ;. :?.s a phi?i.i?'T?a:=?'r`.?p':?pfl 3'f a p?Ef,Il=?cI`Ã; material svndaz.e :<f.''v-=
i"?ut%;. 0=il~.i .11z:: 6C is a bch.ti::a?attc top view c?f a poIyme:rit tn_.tet:a].
st...fti:.;i afl;:;
~.t.C~#~~la,cÃt i?:>, ..}?ow .3t ,is4..#.Ãc:', and ";.~~~latidst 1l30! are def:neG b',= ;i.tc 1=.ssu. cs.
rt ~:?CI~~s`,cttLi'. e?c'sv of a ~3as,3c1`~54~?~#le ~~ci]e`.13..~1:~s :1?Ã':x ~?C~'t#'i3l Je~ic~'i.
s~7...~?'3 having . ?~1~~+a'4j i~`t a=lY)viÃxi7 rL?Ãti=.
,.
Sn 'A 'C i?rt: ~raÃ?S'.=Ts,s; ~S sk' tÃonA; vÃÃ w C;f tz1esteÃat of F:CI
Ukcz:
wc#:.;.Ãaies :ii-i'_r;, =B-=B and 7d ~C t~speadtt ~cl~.
a:~~.e~w~'~.1: L~} ~~E.rs~'i~:'~~t v'~~.4 ~d~.F..'?i:~a f`4L.~{~{S ~~#
..3i'~da\2~L:; Gh.~;.=
\tent i?.~ F.C%7 FIGS. c~_2Ã c?rs` ~, J`~.itt.~.d~~?Ii?.i i F.{EabÃ:F~t 4~EIi ~f, ~=Ãf_4i~~~t ~
}, 1i '~ ~?~~: ti ~:{; ~.S '~= the tiz?cro Ne 4 eyn,. de~~ic-ted iÃ: FIG. 7 wiibii: a L~~~~ty Itit-nui?.
DETAiLED DESCRIPTION
:C`. FI(TS, .,A ;C, a b.:Z?t:.Ã'iii.iibl: s:i','iTt 10,Ã:~ pliIcod a .?c~e.;.1.2 c>...~5,_{9 ~wa: .. dis.t:d end of a c:.:ffii.`.ti'.r 14. and i,, dtrC:'i....wC.: th ot~`,yh a futa?vl 16 (1 sG.1A.) [.! )y~[ t jY > f)y )(=~~>ippytJ~c}5 ,}}.y~c t ~s~>: ~.~{:3~15 i ii t-?4 \`\~.'.=iY.F..?;~ L.~.'L- ~W. {J~.?,1.i iL3:(\~ .>~s:tAl~- reaches ~af~'~:. 4~.}~.:x Z~. CAti \?{.i..$L.\.l~F~ :.. !õ1 ~~5.
~i.].
~ ~~~.. ;;}
j K ~ ~~..>, DO is , 1?~.~~ ra:~' `~~ t r t i rti' _.~~ t1~ :. ~ ~~ali;~ J.' ,..~?~~ >".~~.~~~~ ,.
~:: ~:lY t:=~~>;:~~?t~ ~.~ ,.~Ã~~t . ~: ~ ~~ .~:~t;~:.l ug",xÃ#?::i viaIA witl3 the result ffiaÃ. occlusion 18 is i.Smtpressekje, 'xtrt:", Filt; veL ,St j.
wall 4"it .3#...T?i.1,EF,?~ it l:lldd:.`=rtioY:4 ia radial expansion (FI<..:.
3B). ~. h~..'~ }.?r(.tisLire il fl?#_':,i>
3E? elcssed &o!?A .he.h.?lli3tr^c'? and the c.?:llkte,,:t i4 wÃthdT:aL'c'n. l-rt?..'3: the ;c:eSera 1C).
f~
Aktft'siq D.E?: :Ãi.O NE,: 0527.,7-3E3WOVi.aÃent Rt~#, ?4fp.t 05-01508 ~4 i:'=:?>{ s? W : I(.3S. 2A and ,?B., b3`,3i:.;'{_)di~le stent ; 0 ..il:,st.i~leS i$:~:~..ti~~tt'c` t3f :'w'+i':i'.'.'C"iL{.n.ia>?{.:S 1 d;`=fii:C.'d:n a woU 20. The sWnL waH 20 .isxoFined w?. a b$>_?t.re?i_FiL:~lo m atik 26 a hard pi;Eyn:t'i region 28 that c(siftI'ol.s? the oi33s Lin prt?ffl{= of the :?}ise oa bx<}31 psL, .i3C:.y:ard ~~::C> \':mo# i':gkon 28 is prt?vit;`i'i 'i't"v'H.i' poft,t?I%~q of Srlb- t;):iSv in d.> pilau~m .is tihii.3t:. ...ae.`. ;~c firs.t` direct i;E3$3t+:1ct;vith body C.iw;?ue on :. ..ame{#. ?i.3.;~~ lez:i 3#:ii;
+3fl.c:; t3.3J,ii:ti,... 31 exposed. R'fei'i"in'~, as w4=E'+~ now `~~. ,: "?
~'~I~.~. y~: i~l ?:. ._'~~... E`~;{.'Ãs j7:?al#EEIzs 3 Ã
~..
w~eg, 7 'aEte r:5 3` t{~~,{~~ a \ resulting 3. A of .~f.' i.::`c.te~c~ p t3:E3i Ia xfY,~:7iw.aflL:~ 33 '= in a c~~"~ÃÃi=`~ . '{ 'si~C'.ii ?a{` d;:it.', a t,z?:i>i.,~?llt;d Si~.e. r.ic hiard polymer I'LgIom" 28 ::-ai7., C.'g, cna7:irco w: 11 g s.3:i:h F?xi flwi..i 5:3i'r.`.m" of ii{`s' Stt'il. ~~ w131#r 28 can also enable c*?`?ii2?a athe ...ii:Q and ;Ti,;ilixei of c.i'o,.iii:x. For eX:371ipli :}w hard polymer region 28 pIc4wi.ts a barrier to vvy{4?3. >.?:}:i'i `.,3o i>: .tiiuo, foroin4.' i3'1Cirv 1ap;.d C.#Y?s{CT_i-1 to occur `.`.i'Ãx:-n ..la. ~m1dZ: :?"+ of bo ^_'.L'Z.`nt tli ev2.iia:' thC:= ols..s.ido idf-thC< .t,tL`.=ni. =1 h\,s-f'=
i'{dvantkL:s can t,~~~pi }vii%eti without ..{t,stam ?a:z; '11.#ec~ing ffic oz er;.~l.1,11 perf.o:-mance of the stent or the inu:har.kal i'?iiy`:3+.:d"{ii:.< of to L?<{se. I hs. base cai?, be f{rI':i.'sed, f.3f:3 bit'C:::f't3dible b.iti:.'= pfJ33 .~'.i:~~:.'=. oy\tC'.;m i? or a ?:3'#i}w.itr.lib.C.' 37;{Z.'tad base S v4i.E`.n:i. fli. the l:il'^~'f..' of i i b1t4f'.T'odl:?li b:ist: pC?ly- .+;w:`l d1e > .*~~ ; s' m4 et''mi %an be 4!#:'lid by i23odify1 3zf the basC, p; izT:Lt'.
111. ti?5 ue rcS of a i?:i?<ii"oi...,:=sio l?.,t;U hast:, the Je;i:`i:l p.Js 1<I1:3<'r TL'=gion can be pI"+:)~,=1dcTl<>3: thc n-ictal. base.
F t` .`.'.dz ..~ `` ..5, w 'F } the -t = ~t~ra~ 'tGl' #"~, `-, ~1l]I., 'c 2~
can 3~F i.,`>rti. :a :\~:3: E'~i~F; ._ '~xr, ~i3<. ~S'i~ ~?i_. a sL r..i4s of =}.iL3t{s, . 3, Ec ~lr`S Ãi?? E YTE$.r wd i f}n 30 (c. ,}laiv#:is t x' 1 3t1yl g.ol..~s:i, tlf sh' :1 s:
.?%3 g.t l'a~?~" ~ s. L,.b_..~~ i w'` ~liEõ : acid .:i? r )F illi,' . ~ t ~C.}1<?x ~~ 4~Li~~\ a i:.i~f'~.?tr~a:i~ s,Z~ ~ ~, 'z x- t1 #'~:;..iz. et ~` "?
('.. <w . Y~ ~:~;3t ik3~~~.~i.s3 > .{f.
., ~E x:'ii~~.~~ .,tw..i.~a4~.~~ ;ip bonding, ~'~i.{:"k1CrLEliLil1' i~'Y~+IIIiFLI[: ~=i?s~3<3Il i::;Ã"~?;.)~'? bonds ~.,:l~lillEli `s,~?
~~ja{r.o.nz, .akG 4~.{{-bcin ca:bon Ã?onds;Ã. and a crf?44li.iiked T.-9;lo{, 34. Ilie ..f}5s3in;ed . . . . . . . . 4= . . 3..H,zÃfn 34 is aÃ's::g1:}n E.?;i`t:P?Lroa~~`i.~
~.'~~.~lyI?1ti3.' o3`i3SslInkang that is bonded ia;ta:.ciay on ba;~
4ysis,:{"n i~:i"fd to 1::1e a::'rbf7a{..,.:t`Ld F.'`4'gil;i 32, I`:'i.~, carbonized {i:;gl+`.?#, '2 iti >.i band :lii~~ tyA)1? 3i.:Y ,.i?C;ii.ides a z31.~,,h ls;;-vf:l 3:)fsa3'õhy~.)Fid#.led, carbon aFt3nis, 5:,g, g}t aleF" ti?aTi t 'S ~7L~1 ii¾ s=r cr,'os _i:i' t34is _ ~~v~~~'.i=iÃlt, or oaen lea.to th~~1 50 `3eic "`:`i ~~t3 hyr:S3im?
+ t?zt?m3 ..~to::i?4 such t.s exists in. dian:3z3.nd-Iike carbon (DL:C.). The oxidized region 30 .~i..,: ;:`;s bt7.,#i;i:=d to tiic Gi:#1'Eizi3axJl=(:d.aiei` 32 and .?ipo:icd -tC3 ;iI1nd3sphQii' includes aFi m hlfive to tho base pt?lym$' sytu'`teIii. I'lSe e:3.ha,$(,=`'~'.d oxygen :-?G oi.?I716::nt s.3fihL. t+:~Aclit,Ld region E}n+ .#.s Z:w19la'''113.>tad hyd#.opx3il{+.".ity,, 1te}.ich c'i.{xi e,g:; ira3able 4::i3hi31:3t.et., e1',3i....a, overgrowth. 'I .1e hard nature of ~1he E,'.i3;rb3n3zt.zi region cEi:flõ C.,g.
AcEc7t'fazy $?ak.I:+x ae:.: 1027 %30WO>i('Ãicnt Rc#, Naf:; F.i.^ t1l56tc c?'.h<mL.e c0i g7o4'+'txà o3 à f;su ,C.F' m1F.dC.L:4 of til#;, Sflei'lt and/or ca1.. ~.~`=:#:::.1bk, s.:t3:3fiEL.`l over the taw mnd I'3~,armw. of HE?crÃ'?51oÃi, The p:i'L.'~e-noe of o:S#.dizod .Ãw; i43m :,.=aA?t>.3i='r.r~.':~ IL.-i;F01.'s .;nf. L:':i'z5..blai?ka..;: regions ccln be detected L3s1Fl& e.g., infrared, ~.a:lman :ari, UA`_-vÃ;;.
IÃ~A L::<llabt3df1434::i]:s, the 31a(?d.1fied F.C.f'7L}n e:`ii`a3bA;'4 D and ~~ Peiiks iÃ.e RiÃ.:i?ziÃ-.t Add`..aonitl s`,t',ta:F.ss on dLrtecl1t?1'1 of 1zaid F:l-FiStd4 w?.il a 4uiÃablf: balloon ;.{t?a' ..ie;~-v,.. ,~. ;.:f..nt as descÃ-Ã bed hmillY Can be:= fotFiiei in 'MMIi "AI.
BALLOONS AND
'-11.:171K~.:~S OF M:AKINCz ~flE S. z`vI:E', filed:ixr~:~.: wl:a assi~si~;;<~
~_ `
Ã. .S: I3ito}, =, .r `ioà Ã- ~ . i ~õ~5;? 3~~F~' '~EtÃ.3t n4J: ~ ;.)~~t ` t ~-'=3'4)tle:
ys .~ ~.c:F~l ~I~~, ~ ~. ~i ; i~ <;. ? ~3~_ i?i a}.$.i~
a t7t d, #?" '#.'crFi3Ã~, structure of i~l~: E'3a`ita;.?~ f'~3Ãi" layer t i...
~:'.w;>, f,.'nhani,e a.d...hwskm to ti-i~~ base, retit.Ãifl.ng tlSiL I iicl'iÃhol~d of 'ii~lamÃnati f.4t:, bn. addFtiL?IÃ..
thv r uii~ i3fai~ ns$i?iÃ'a.: of the sh`i_.:~~ctLe .re :3:Iid low thickness of z.f.If: hard pot?t'pneà F,.E:`Y;Fs:3~l Z~
-clativt~ to ..b:s m;'ik:l tt:llcknem enables tI?.Ã W'si%: t(# M;.tTit¾sj`Ãj Il:s:ti1V t>f SJ.Q' ,.1dv;:FF:74sige'itL:;~ ,LvL`.i'all mi;cl'3a11.1ml pÃ'C?pS.iÃiesi3f ffiL:
i.i.iua?C?d.i{if3dSvaf:. ClS..i.c.i'iA3.y the ~i ' region it~ C . ~ .`,1 a r~ t ~ f ~ ;r..l~,a:t:L.i ieV>2 . 30 and ~:~-.k"`.~ ','.c~:I~~ o,.?iA'~i'.d Iv.) li:31...~ ~ ..~,.. ~FÃ-i. not bF~~~~# C?~~.i~3~3~%, ~ l::EÃ 3~iF:~:;
t..tl5w;t. 1kzd 34 is b1r3e.'[3d1b?<:; albeit at a .hlovvE.?'tc3t_+.', F'eti1:tave to (ilC .%ii;mod.+:Ee-d base p}t Y.111 ~:# = ~:+:~1~ e..te; at Iei3st. in pail, to 1.i8 deGrGa.1,.4ed tendency tc; ,`i't oi I ?n a b.tiiogns..i3. I'i7id This allows SÃ31:" to fully L,:) Voli3pe -hw t;N'Ed1nLA
and L iiÃ"bo:1:I+ Ãti :tr fWf34 EiiWi?,QIS me end etfihL' i?io(:rC3SwI. Pi""t3c4.45, a4dLa::t.ia s.}1c bn.L<,.ffit?L?Z$ o:e at.t;:i3t a p n t`~11 t ~:iC, i`:, The ;.`<3st3t p{i'L7'Ii.,cI' F`s ''Ãom can be f"i5i'niLd u. g , using iiil ior F.,]p;oiiltcifE`"m pFL?LL:~`. , ; uoa as r ~.'i-4: sÃli:# I.`t'aFim~i'slon`: ion finplaIÃtG`itiCiT? ('11112?,11").. RAl'o#'#'f:'.iM to FIS 2S. 4A
and 413, t,i,i`. ià r:. 11111 f.hii;':;e d s~.~i-,',i,Ães in a plasma 40, slaE=h -aa a r11:sY`C`go;'3 ple3s,Ã2?t? :ÃrC:
<'F<.celz:l...Ã<ri_: at hi )Ã :z'.li>clt'y towards stents 13, whit:ii <i'sz`
po,,,,htio:F1t,L< (fa z nzimp}i;
.~Ff7 :afyi&x 4z. .:~~~~:~r .~'za,~i3r: ~?# ~i~s :' <~i'4.~c~ ~~?~=c~~~ ~~f t~ac ~~~.~~h~ia a ~:;~:~r~i.m.l4 ~;~~ ~:~~z;., :~
CF:.vaen b~v an elCct"^,'ÃL'4il pi3te.1t:al i.lff+".'..itJE10e b~twf:ct1 ta3<.
~~~~~~~:,1`s'~ct and '~.~'e.f; ~,ls."F?~i:~d.~e under dhe Ste]1t.., sJÃ'>oI] i.iT3p:Ãa with i?5ti,'ilt:; t}3f_ chÃirL?f.L.~
speLie:i: du4 tC?th9.,iÃ"s':i?4-i velEss.iy;
p4: 1ctA 3.te a distt3T1ev Si;.to the sti:;nt and .1`cc3Cx with thC' i-ni3.terial E?~ ~i-ii. \C:Lm3.. [3~. #'21`.i7l,z F.r'e "") +S S r i r:t~Ã~4 t ~ >. ~r:'I~(.=I`. '~~ `~~~', t ~ tt ~.~i`I?i:sae:F~.3a1 t i~~.i~ ' tlt . is L:C,1n ~ 1 'XÃo7`l?~a i +~.`.~~L~, TeL""a at 2'`~'.i:is'+
iÃ'?
>1:} p by tt:i. ;,3i>,t .?;;.i1.. .iirfsdr Fet f ~?C~.t~'[~'iF ti2c ~?li sFÃ1'rx Ã3llf_~ ta?l. 3ia~%1rC?i e t.:Ãt~t5.
S , dzsiF',.z õ :m additional odec1rodL, e,g., iiF theforin of ai-ni:tal 4rid ~iE3S3~ 7, 1, ` ~' .l?~. :~~# a ~. ~ ". ~:t . ~~i i; ed.i3 p~'. iSt7.~?i f ~, 3~~C'h a i7`1 Cr~ t tc$l rit:~ t~ ~:i?~] b'. il3 ~` li `i~[~~Ã t~ti.s to pfLn`C'nt d3...ec't ..=l?:i:.'s?ct of ffie s}::3.sw.ii::i? the .i'f-pl:3I:?-ia bL'.t'ovi'C;n }?igh S'+1.A..tc3~{.' ;3i2l:^.~+.:~h' and i'~3~i3.~: ~=.~ziI~?#~3~~' tff C' can of ~` ?i~~.
<,,, z1L sti::??t Ã??uti:
~ ig '-=>4.' >,.:mvs xu ~.'unbouthrm?t of a P1.11 processing s { 'Act1a 80. ~
~ ~teiii 8~.~
? ;.a~:l.'si~t.S a 5~;..~.'~iidl:;l t..iy~:;3~`i,r 82 ~}c,`111g a L'Ã~c=~11~;'? ~~3i31i 4 if~2~Ã~~"titeE~ ~~? ~ `r~S .~il.iF; ~3i}~ti~;3 }~0 a ts<3s`?i::i?'ct_ I 3W i`i5}` dofit'L.?'it1F? a ges`S, l';.g, 1.Ytf'E;
`G.i., to a:;.{aII~':'.?e,l. 82 ta E`ei.'LrG..tt:.< a plc:1 .72#.c3 sys .t.#3'l 80 i1S,.?:.#Cks a sci'Fi'.S of diC:l} o.:ffiG:
w1F`.Caows 86, i;'-g, nu].d.. Cxi g~ti:l:iS' };?a qw?e~`~l;, a+..:`sii= = i v 0##1 3?ti 90 to n7ii1ntili. a vacuum 1:.4.
t.h#.i3'.nb5.:r `~''2. R+r.J'I'#tZva.``3l}' ,?E¾.i3t;h,d io sofiPs:: i?f.bo ti'7lldl?w,,S'6i:lra. = RF pli`~si li`~
tourcos 92, SoE->icc hav.il'ig a { t ~:Z ~~ ~ t ~ z 96 fi lrl ~.t~.atei:'t3`a#.h3i# A ~:ri.i1E7c~i'?~i3lr shield E~S. ~~~:.sc ~~`i:?t.t ,?i~'s tia's,t:.st~?la.
cz e ~5.~" 3 _ f ti -.E::i~oii . . a\~.~~`i~. sources are ~.a'..:5~l~:~. G:.r. viewing ` ports e.i#.~:Z~ S,`'f.}c'~.i~`lba~ 82. r .%iSi7.
.Lm<'.m..:. 96 i;.i.C-i.:i:iffly fwL'>3iiii3i3?.3df.c.1tC'.5 with i$t' RF
g~'`avrat}. .0() =ill'x?iagh a network `02 2 nLi : i i;t1plin Laipac:Ãi71' 104, Each 4i?iti fiJ?a 96 also clc }
t1'xc<3l,y c:?f:}#:'sunic.?.e :
}=~.tl? a 0 ...izi`.~z capacitor 106. Each :~.iÃ.:ie;;'i3g k'i2~'?s$S:Ii~.3I~
,i~~3 is o#,~e:i`3?~.lC?~.i bC< a qig}1c1l D. D', . ; ~.~i` ~:`t}l2~ . ' .~?x3t?"i?~~'<`.., ~ 1~,.. i~a~ ':?+~~Li*~'.#?~~ti', i=#,i~,:~l [?.t31I1~<? ~:iA~~~i.Li~t>}' ~.Z1t1, v}l:: C>..i~;~:.t~i:
~~t3r~%;:T' :i'i?.T; c..u?i R-F.?F?:eFA tt.ifft? can be adjusted to n1a#}ftairi ht)ia3ocTt:F'?C:i~+~ +~~ ~I?L I'+:':li~=rs?i:':a ~.~ ~
p zzsz?'1_,. L",.i;)n` o,, t;.3.e stent directly exposed to iom, frt)='n Et1e p. ?,,? t.k :::fn. `t?C:
t`<Zil.t; t3laÃ. Ci. ti'?4 stLntti :e-~.~E.x1~:Ii ~~ie.r axis. The s:.C$?:;
}.:t?il be rotated i:l}'{"s:nt', Ef.3 enhance a homogenous i?~ th~.'= entire i ~ ~ t ..,~.~ ) ^t r~C r] 1 1 'C Y~. ~ *
`.<=Ãi~.: .~i.`:: ~.. ~~i`. ) ~l\ .~~.i?ixf}i~ ...il?? b~:
:Tltt.t`i~:xt$`~:II~. {3~','9n;.,Li+.w ~~ 't.'. ~3S.+Ia..~~~i~.=~#.
0.y:;., $'i tm a polymeric cf3Ãs i# &. io exclude xre<1.}.Ã?~,.e1-if-. of those L,.i:.kkC'Z.i regions.
Ad+..:t:t?nt:l t3::.k.ls of 111i3 is r13osvai??cC' b'}'Chi.3. U.& P41ttint No.
6JD? ,..='C?0, Bc#.}k#}or., w.. I ~y 1f''E. yt~:~'=}
72~tif~ ?Fr77 rt }-. ~'' 7i TUi.`rrFi~~~lf}K 'M1 9 G~' N 1`,#. _~ _3 e 2-3k~
(k~~~),, C=}nd Kutsenko, !fw~,ia, ~.
52. 43204335 (2004), the Lt?t;.?'c di5L1l434E3?t`~ C)'fe.iE ;? of 3vhich is hereby 2.5 3corpo.,,?Wi:a by ~>i..~7.: ~ a?~=~'~?.3.
1;j:i; Ã! :3e of .:a}`d coating region Ccyi i?1ed es <;i'}?ri#leo~.~ }#? F't3o-:. P111 PR?Qe;?5 bs' 'w CÃ :#i3., t?{`~`:} 3.yA3e?f ion, th.' iz?3Ã t'iletgy and ion di?J4r 'i-t} i:~ l<.?nnt.d, as Zat'si:.Fi3i;i1 i3bZ1vo. a.!}. Ah~i.'~i' embS:3d3't37.e>3iS, there s3:i`sdy be teZ ~a 3 cs:. a3: ~.e .1~} `t~?t~ i~a~i ~EYi~.rsi~ . ~;, for$#tt? ~4" v=~ f G#JntÃ~)li$?~; y~ ) ~ t G
. s i,. .i3 ?#. ~.~7e~ ~ ~.~ #~~<~i:Ã.',,, 3;3 p:fi;.'zt:mLtZr;`._, o# by pt3\t p:t'od..~ ";ln5% tCy #"#:;inove one 4},' 1#:t?rt'. layers bS t".N;. 5ol4?kii1 ~S tiD~i#~#Eii , I.3[.ei?a?`Iic}3.~'+iy iC:mL>Z'3n~w.' layers by cutting, ilbl'a-s`on. ?.'.I ..#C,'=<i+ t,;C...#fieig. S.}a #` Nat. 0-5~31568 PxiF#:.'t:$.li$.3, c:h.g,1`0T ion and doses enhances ;he io;`iti.'.~i.?.TE.s:-i of ci`?:rbC?.,.`~I~wd <,-#'~?~2~~i z\,4 ,,~.~~#~~.~Y.~.i > e. ~i e: 4i f~5 ..
~ 4, le$F1Z #'\. ~ ~,s with 1:_~rE.. ~ ..~~il~~:ti or 13.:..t' +3:~.
:.x.r.d1?:7_ii~ =t3Tt . il%.t?i..s. $I?
t.`rT1bi)3b`I$iCMS. :h. 10n cnc$,t,,y is about 5 k-ev or gI'i;iltG:; such as ',:.,4, kC`'!=," or -:.:.`.`s1lS,...c~,. e.~q.
about . 30 k is?'e-s1Ea.'.r tÃ;d about 75 kC:~V or lC.:,:i, TI:iG'.' 1s+
i3o5~wn i$-1 is ` ..~ d-W nti a: 0.. cl$sin#t I x 1 or ?Yii atF i'. s $Ll? ::? I v~. 1~Ã $ Et a , 1 i~.
s r ~. X .\ ` and about R ~
,~7t~~i:. .. 3 f) it?ns c.I 3A {?i y~.i~Ã:=~iFOr, 'r.ii.~d~3 bCAf.et I ~. 3 0[
1ot,a eI?.'?.. or ,4ss. The oxidF z::.`t.~, i4g"i Y33l oc:~.ii i~~ b.. process . G#.?w~7':~.S..tt:'.,?`#:f.<'.l~ and the S= 2 a ~:i. Ã~if#t;`l$axS ~~ `~ 3 i j` :_?~ :i~'t`_~ i. ~'T~iR :'cT .'}
.. x?s?\ ki~~`il C, 5pGU't3'ttsC.iii:?y .i.#.Ci.'or si.a}?F i.i:ii:=tit::t4 on carbonyl group and h`<dFt3ky, ~E?up z;,?soI'pt>, i;.;. Also, the :;ross)3.3_.e(~1 Teg}t?t3 +.'an be characterized uy i1- FTIR A~T'R
`~ ~#`1L ~:~:'t~~C.;F~" ~, ~L,~=~ ` .,`~. ~~3C:k.E7'i?4tiC?t~.,.', 'i'fl~#Ã1 ~\ii#:lif.i? ~~?~~,~z(FSl";k~~~~ ~~? ?.~c#~d+':t?'f~?~ ~:~~' ~'i'6:F?.i~1 .'~?Ã 4~tti. and ~.j?.~f i~Ã'i}%.%`'ss ~ oIst'~1t''i4riÃ~,'+.
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,?$C?f.o:s ~f>.:;~1 ,i~?#?4 mi# bÃ'. I-Ã3$3d$fied based i}I, an cZT]%,:l'4;i#s of #i1t;' ge~ 11$at FC?.3 L;f the L.~'.o<sx#F.,kcd ia, ?.}In: 1110 "01 Ã'Ã?.CtiC}i7 of a s:i,1`#.'#7}ti: ci3a3 bc dC?fot'$'!"E3md by S?
t.`>t. se.:i,7t-,i.: i;l a boiling if?lv i'.Tlt 4~6.i.~?.:xh~ C7 .~~'<.~4'l11G
~ ,?-t ~1t.'s`~.i\ ~is.it1,.. \. t~ i'.T a SSr;~~
S F: . i' Fl}.$E:.'t -15 +..xi.i'<:<:tÃ}, Af \. <" 2241 hoia'zs,, fl3.'`'. \t?lv::=nli is F`t.'.il:ovi:+'.i 'i.i`C.s:in, ffii:.' t..'\t,'tl S*:$ i3"I`~:~. "~. ~?. ~ ~
L ~. ~.Ai1+~a 1..mz Eiic s.a$ni~lc is ?`,.E?:hc,r dl'iL'd Is5 a viicL1i31I? i"VL'l1 u: St}
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t..iL i."ili~~,k 'vC ?.iIÃ of t~.i=;*~.i:?plL:
` <., i,~, i:~Fo L>:' .' 2'~ sx W1t of a:~'#c 4.~#;'Y 3~S i-1i1t t5% .'c'a extracted, divided `F~` the t~Yt.c:,~ 3;~.st.;~ii 4~ L#iõ~'}r of t-he st# :i*;
20 In Ulte, flhic:4_ncss =.E~~~ ~~ less tban abovit 1500 F:m., lt=5s, than .ik1'i?l#.t 1000, ?i, less _hi3x#...b53Ã.i?:71'?:Ã ilm, les=.`a thi.i$I about 500, Ia$`+?. less about 225() i.ll : it ~. .1..::.~, c?~=3;.}~3: 150 >l~?2 less t~1<1I'a :~:bf~$It 1f~~~
.il:; f3T less .~, :I :i~F~?EI: ~ } ?_.?':. In ; :Izbi?Ã?'iF?wrF.i\ c f3x$d?:I.-ed i'N.,ioTF 30 can h"tiS't. a t.l1ick1.c1sT; of.L.k:s th>3n, about 5.i7:i13 +..g,, less .l;~.t;`.. about 2 n$>l or less fl:41.n Gii7i_31it I F1i"i':: in embt?d..,lleTit:;, dile \: i'bFs,11,''Gd .F.i 3,21 ca:t 11:.iv"y,' .ti .hickie.`_5~T., of Ic:`_e3 than about -500 ,i?.i#Z, e.t.ti lC.:~~1tiaii as_ F1,L 350 .. . ~'~F'4 #`$?'3. less <li?i;iw 250 less thii:lr-i :ibL?:7Ã 150 12:I?.; [g:' less thO:fe 2$boi_,r 100 naI, <:tz?.d :.m i?c~.LÃi" at a .~w`'.+t~? >:Ã"i~Ãz3 t`U.f:i"~ SL6.1 ~.~.~:: of ls.',:;5 ~.~li3.t? :i~'rt}~.i~. 1 ~3 i;t?-i~, than ~~bC?lÃ.t.
#u?i oi t.i.;^4 than {lbtS..ii. I i1Pi?. In I=.6i3C$aimcnis, the wiE?.4':ihilkL;EI i.'\.,,,?.SFi.34 i:i:l:i; hr.i4 c a t1h.;4ii:n5..ss'"I, , of .u~~ thk1?'? about :i'.!04i i11,. t:.?~.., less Ã:'iiiii. `ez:~~t?CF~. 1~~~ ;~) Ã%~i`#, or less `~'1:tÃ~$
,v 500 ,>..?~, a37d. can occur at a depth from outer sEm$fiace Z,2 Ã}#.IuJS M:$cA
:Ãbt?Ed. 500 xi#?-:., i::r õ .e.:s.i than about ''50:i:Ã=$? I `\'.s4 1.h<F.n i:iho $i# 2 5 0,1 l:ii1 or aes~ ~~iafi a:ht?3.:t 100 i.:.l::#, ~ ~g D. >: .:i?.bZ?d;1#::wnts, 11_.,G,knf:5`,a SS dbC)I1t M or It ?i. : .xi~:~()il?-f.~;_`1i: or .c4, or Lrr i:`#oiw, of t.,z,C thickness Tu. +.'=Ãnbe?da.i?.i1ts4 fl1c11at'd pttlZ'MC;" t 'xOD 011 Q.111::nE.L`= .ho >.110chm-#l::cll prt?pi:=F":1# s the s1eÃ1I. For L:mai.,fple, O'l5: ;tCÃlI c A.i be o.Ã-Ãjul,Iced `~ ~;
~~'~ ~'l~`5::1~.?ia7'#.~ b i".~.'<=ftÃ~'f..'l~' 4ii~#s.:::
+.'<it~?C;I2Izt'.i,~t or c E~3`,.iÃiki;d >Lgjk~`#,'t. t4# oÃ:Ã1b4!d1Ãs~,?L.t is., the .}3i.luna.s of the hstad.i pi2lti14a region ~::Ã?'1 ~':6;, r.~~~'F:> 3~i.
2`?~f:sy ~i"?C?T., ~: .(?= 50 #;>+ 90% C}f ..
s`.4 Z,vx,#. fl th1..kncsy ']t : I#? i~ 17?bodlti'wilÃ4, the wd .Ã,as -m {.Fvt., i3 lx1icktÃes` in il?e uExt:ap,33`dcs' a~aii'C;f less '~~.i3z3. 5A# mm, [ w iC% d1F#;'! 3.5 mte., less tiFw;:3 .~'.5 i.;:t'., lum.
t4?21#? ~. .i# 3:12;:3 or ;t'.5;? E}]#:!Ã? 1,0 Ix3ni.
The i?c \o .~`i-. i~~.g :a polvirner, i:ÃbSC?'Ã,d, or a .ia-vc#` ;-tnut.twrG`fff a?Z#Z`merttiili.
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crodfi;.le p,?A.mers are Ziis.,..~.?s~.z. ~~? U.S. ~~~:i?3lÃs~~#~=t~.s ~.~i~~~.::it .~.~.?~7l#i;zilÃEf:Ã-1 N.3. ~~:~`t~5'~)0 1 Q .`~`; ik>eiI
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3I?L.l? 3i~>#t a'.Ya k~~= ~s'-f,+I'VZ".11.=.~. herein.
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~`.?C ~~:t? i,~~4?3i', i.. (~t:`slt'::C~Ã. tr1 i1 33arfi#::4.#lm cI?7bod.t."'i?-w31t tho bw~F:, i;+ foI"Ã wd `3yco.wi,i?. ` z:.
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sIi::Ã?.t., t tS by sp.i:3y or (>.Ãp-=co~ÃU#.`g rbw bTi>cY'od.lbl`~.'~
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t.W' 1:o.a;?ldn U.S. Published I'atet?t Applit:c:tic?n No. 2002100040c;0;.
mEtc"t?d..?I.ti :.e'i:Ã-x7llcs uo &scu4s4A Ãa? :.?'.3I:1mÃ`:{E'Ã1#.ÃFtÃ:, U.S.
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1aclÃi<:Z...tt3;:i ae:as :iicol and I-EIt".`tli?l. ".H3Ã: stet?,#:i descF'?beÃt hf'#"C.IF? 4: :1#. be i:ul.v:.~"C,d to a body F {
\~4~%rC.~. .,iif:~ ;.n 2 i.i.~Ã'=; ~~~~.~~' by a i3L.#3.):~~'~' of l:~it~~3v#f:.`='#' 3.~C'.l_#'a~.~'` s?'st`4~;~ s ..#4'~~.a c.f..^ a E:~i~.Flf3o#.e ....abt W Exempl;t y catheter S~,Stc.:ms are dusulbed iri. U.S. 1"'aton: Nos.
~ 9`; 96f3 5,270,086, z33;7d 6, 7 26, 1..~ the ;nsfm. d3;sclo:visc fff c:3;f<h of vd13uh horÃ:hy `>C~2by ~~:~t:=2'Ã`i~(:e s~tf:1"t.i#::, f~.~1C; Radius and ~? ~~.~ ~ S ~~t }Z
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~.t_. ~? ? ~ ~~ti c. P: s ~:'t}T-n B'o4:3~ Scientific Sk:#mS;:=d. Mz3pl~~ { p:`f1ve MN, also C:x`:I?pl1 Y Er:ti`1e:er dE.''liZ~.:r4' .~i1..C? ;S iiow i:) '123~'.'_. 5A i3#:?Ã~ `F'i i:# st4ili 61 includes a v ,..# 69 i~?...#7 Ã.7....i#s'.~Ã';~' :. Gy? it 3~ J<3'~~o,' .?.~> s . f1'3~'aÃ'tF from z: `wtZ~'.I'i.:.E~1C block ::=d?~,.?ÃilL`:i%.:' s:.3..-~1. e-i'~ SFy.a:'.~4"_ 1 block 1.t3poBy17at11" Ã ~IBS, e.#.i?d a fi#St 1`3Ã3hy#z3Ã:r 3?e';'Z=T" 6~
:~:;.~;t c?ie tio3#ÃlÃ.d. .i~ .>.# fi-AT rfÃ3C;3w' 67, :'.itt;:al 61 <.:.3:x be 1~l L)ti~' ~ ll1laAz ~`~, F111 f # o ~~; [?
4 z~tZ.{ 'ÃÃa4 a pno<~ifie'd ~tez A .~ . . In ihe unabodiment shown in FIG. 51-3, flie cf>adm-, l~~ve'.' 63 .::ld .>; L?. :~tent 61 is nvxFiL~#~'C3 with PFit t5..i p#:Ã~d,Lk,:f modified layer ? 3%#.nI
ix:t?ta3.ifiLd 's'#1'`3.i.if.3L'e 7~ of ,:ito.t?i 7' 1. this a}articl?la:
uÃIlbodln"iont, ,,?.t'u rr, i>
a5 ..w3,a,?:s.? n M31'v t3111?x<3d4l34d. MÃ7d#fiC:i'dtion Ã?f fl1f: coating latiÃ..? 6,3 Ã.3f 5iena i; 1pr:>`+1ÃaÃ`,4 a .;e Yo.T W11?le i?>C)d#.fi'i::at1E73~:7 of t11C' 3#,$te:-f'r'.#E;i; 67 f.`?'.1}1's3#':Ec;i :ldh:',sk}Fi bawÃso#'? the < d:`.Ã(m7t ..wÃ:?"s il-11 ;' ' F~~~ 5C sba)w,',-, a ,L`t'1eS :`?f of a ?:onx h3.'v#:?~ an ~IBS cE3ÃSt.ing Eili.: ~?C31E?T~; s~:3~. .cF:Ã~i?~, :~:;~1~'i?
:?C .i?ÃZ: 11111 breatmZ:31=, ffi:;iTl3ddIi. `.yler.tlunn bC:F,.7~,.~ %ifte,.
1-14,1 i.t': '"=115 3~ , and ffic n~f} .# ppenni?tit .?pÃ.ctP;#z3? being a i.~#.~~4,#l,':i3i:R'.Ã#Ãt the ~?i'.iÃ~r`~'. and i~~~'~'~' `#;?`~~Ã.~i`"a:a+. .Ã~`
3:##'Ãiti.t~.l.,~' ,,'#~.>~i3+~'~1Ã;~~#'`:, iti~. s'~Ã)'~> 4'~;aw~ treated t~~ #~:i's N ..~`t~s }1~;''i!õ_ ~?. a~'#. [.z'l:r~,4=' f;~. .~z.` keV
; .
..#,.t',:.i.?;"i ..#.`,c>n thCYt;ai'bi?n4i #u#i't;. (centered about 1 7720t.]E
). i3:i3t#a i:# :]c.~ t~ocr e a,i, a:11 a.l:3st3a .':3,..Ã,Z.c in the Ãi3#pElc3.tla #"i:.~:Ã?i, (C.'.'.il~:::I'i:i~
about 1450 .i~;Ã~.,~.c`a:`.?1~ :#a increase 25 in oxidation `n the outermost 311~ faCe. A modified SI.~S cow~.E7 a'~:.', can b'''` used to c<l2..,ai ~ iÃ_i.~~>S.<~~`~if ,.~~.i~:"<~.~r.~~>.(:i~.SF~:.~~#.t, A ~,,,;Onl um bÃ'.= .niE?dified ?.C3 provide a desirable :iU#'l-`#:cL
f(?[.Ã.:3. 6_ L, <, pf1l?'#-?k#`..c nniaÃ'.'l#`#:aF surface 50 prior tcf.#noff#..fi 'a1f?.n Ãs ?.3^i.7c.t't.d :`..l.aZ,l#.iL'ea, AÃ-hiL vef y .3`ciLa.#lLi foatu,.Ã.3~~.''~t1 '3S?lymo.#' piPi1lfi.C' (pf31ymf''.r'c is Ef?r:~lod 30 Ai-o#?-.i:Eq.11AX 7033), Re terriii- to FIG 613, after modaiicati n b4 PI:[:I; the sut:acc iaciÃidA.\ a p:i.#Tc:Ei.~tyL?f fiii?sÃ..l ..s52. TE.ie 4il.4`: and density E:_fi the flis'.SÃlaes can i#ffcvi -!':
.'cmz3,s2" Dttc$,ei No.:' 05-01568 3 011ijO#.lz.4<i: C.?,Ã? enhance ~}?e frll'.tli)n be`:weZ;II i,.,Ã?: ;,--tLi-a FE?ad b<3ll;:fon, a'o_c?xboi E?_ ihC'. `ato`i.lt dl.4n'I1M dL;lIvC~'t'y IYItE) the b[?tly. Ri lk`mngCE_} l`~(1?C.
?:, st?nw C.u#bf)dlI_;+:t.Es., tl?Q fri:a:furS: deiis?t4' is such that ".;5.ands" 53 defined z~v- fta3 tu['e :.nCes S2 z3'f'e iaC)t e'3l}.?'#,.'. ih:]n i?.bL>i1t 20 not ~?"~ 3a4= tha.lt` about .0i,~.?~aa fa.~`~a~i~ ?"?al~,~~w ~.~aiant~E~~~`i-#f S ~..s?aa~~.
I~~?!~.v.~aazJ'~?d.:~~~:t.:.?'~~~5~ ~.?'a`L;t#.?ri: hi?e,?. are, \:.ti..,.
tL
3S:, <#> . ~... s..
) "'?:4. i5 ~ :I11Po less ~r~_i~-~) .,. ~.5 ~,?~a~? '. less _~7 ya:axsc~. I E
~.#.5~ t' h . . . ~ ~~.z ~. than ~ ~ t . .~.. . 4,<;; t~~.?a.?a? ,z ...
-m..t!? 1. Y,4'}: es, than (),1 LmiY'P,1dw.
The sfe-i2~s can carry c,.= releasable i.heri3 nt,.#t: f C:i7t: For e4.{Im;?le, ?lze <
li.'.?'i3~?c..ii{. :iTi~at ~=.... S ~:w: ica?~:CL within ~2 a~='aa3 dIt r.g +ii?Z~4r4'f: wi~..2?.?% iIi?f'?5j.a 3lf:
iL i?.?...wn.cl 4Z h?i'.h tlaL s.km" is foI.~od (`)r d1tipUI"sz`~~] wt h`n mnE>utLi' k?vQ, ttt t[36.. `i`~'.=:lt, i,Ã.?a,."I a thal tÃ?rz?'.S Pca n, of th.t.`. :TWI).t, ~~'hC: t:7.?..
i{:pi:#.31?t, c1g{ :?t can also be ("ame0a a. . :`, ~ ` ~~`, .t, z ~ ;..Ljci~'~.~ ~ ,.dr~.G:~~;=c` ~?>q~7t, ?iCf.`Ii1. For z..x:aI?..~~~le :l`:~:~ ~~st?f't.s c..~: Cri~ r;
i'<>i~~ f.E~~S. -'e #:::
? t.f,'t'.=1 o csõ'. ~.: i 3Cs. 6B <,; v<:_ ~ r 1?~l ~~ L i.#~.~.i,l.i t~ as a .C:SC.':25~~f..ti' ~:(.? a th@`ra: ; .
p`+.ll:.;rIC.?iL:t`?zr,. fti instances `., 1S'zhIL3 t,?.¾:` .,]ssi#.t':.s zlrwÃ.1uta; $:hi= ihor"clpeutdL agm7t Can be :?pp,.awi ti5 the fis.,#.ire:i ; bv sL`akT? `? t?z 3fipp'#I's.`F::
3v;4?:1-S ?FcCl?.:f.S., c3lid13iz`,m"bf)gF;Y1:it a.?#.i<) e.dz:ntS, ?I,;1 F.#.ncG3thefiL.: t:"Eaa(i T3?i.':iwapt.`utrL.
?F C:~:~ a,:?i: ~':{. 3? ? ?.;'zl~?f., ~r:: t~1~:`y +:.;~.?a ~3e t~n'~C.'r13j~
bEÃli~ ~sE ~ i2~it3211~; : }~~
flhiZ;f-t..mi#Ãac at'S,.?.i , `4'~Ii? be a ~fe~lr~E.'1, ~~~eT~3~:)t.a~?$:iii c]g.m,, a i2f311 <5'L`n4t1v bi s'i?piL'ÃtÃf a vn , )r ~=~lis. a Ui?pf?lÃtk c3,.z,.c~,3wnts C~,#.zl be ~i.d4S:.d SF~rti.1hmiy`. or :"n An. e:5.,;.i3)ple t tz a tl1L'_'ap+_'?:,mC: agent is i?1.e that 1i`I.hib.its, restenosis, such as pacliF..?5:el, Additional exc#mplos k:z}.,t..mrCu;ic, z:geni.. are described zn U.S. Pubiished 2 0i;?.'02 .{i(? +, ~i7i: c t;.t1:`~: C~EsL%+ptl#E'L of ~~A~1L`.~a is ~)t'=I`e~1?' I#aL.i3q){)riitcdJ by ?eferem-4 :-}erL'.t i;.
~2 5 wl>:;i a ~tellt Lar1":i,s a iht.r:?Ã')eLi$AC agent tt'.z,;:.Ã.tI;
dikpt.., sed b'F,:'Nn a b1E::ca'i?t3Eble I? 3. ,^ ?. .i ;.I?3 which the stA`.=nt ?ti fl?:.''I]`?i:d C3I' d1spt,.1se=i':
wltliil'a :.~f3 outer :4: p ? C;#``:?w ;te?-Ita a }?wd ..#. ; ?a?i?d?i'xS:-d region z14 d..scT#bwCi above <..xl;i be w1fi: w to help C.;?at:oz zZ.,e "i#.e.{`.a)E'r .~3 r'iNch tz3t' ?d .S'.i1;?afQ't)ld:`
thL.Ias"pi;'w?C c?u;'o.A ~5 de.?v[:"`eCf to tht bi1dy.
i 5.' Nt:, ..ec'.tj:1 ? 1't1c entire outer sIIS'fil?::=e of :iL3ch a 4lav?It w:Ei~-~ Plll t'=a)~~IÃ`e: that tc ?f; L_?`z'1"wLa .bz,..i`apt i3tic c:bgeIl`i !H Iit?t di:ifVd::red d3,i'4e-fly to O1`~.'= lfin2f:n 1xr%1.l% .?n w!%:w411, w?d: the oECt,.t ?)s.. .:#.,so the 'Lfm~..-z, L'etÃ:l"P+,3t Pi:ns,.=t?'at?;:
thrl"),ug}3 the modified w~~: AC12i to a~.> to the ~ = ,,,, An:arraq Dai.i w W~.: 1452+_735Ã;+WO Ã/Cleat Re.f. NÃr. 05-01568 iuni<:Ã: zt3 such ans:ances, tllo ::~ler4ig)eutic' agc:`iaà would be fii.l:
vcrG.d csnly to Ãlit:
3.i.1..iiath<E. flows rb:rL7.,.ES . .~~.i'. i.`.'. `v3:~t. As al~.E>~t:~`z:.~~' ~<.`xt3ll,i`?la~, 4 a:f."a`{'gz#? c"Z% ~. l.., i'~`f}~.i5 . `c:
, ~ N, i 1 3t #aÃIt '' t1 . ;~tiL.? a 5ii..i~.t ~~+'.ii:il ,. 1.
s.133;, 2` ~..... ~ ' )~.~.~. tt.3;~ ~t;,~4+. tdt t of .~ [.~3C' i;i ~Ll'i .
Y = .~,=llÃ:t :;.tt 4 z'~f.;~:,`t,,.
.~.z~==i. . f~ ?` k L\3 ~C.3 .~:~.r 4;
~ ;~~
;
ti.mcÃ:`Y t3 :h.. allini'n ft(sÃ.11 thc i.s~:'.~wcd p<;tÃIezE',ts., bL(t is C3c,.x`. :''t:.'.fZ,i .dii'o+i.li': to the .. ~' ..:.i I ~>x3i i i i:+~.'ar.S::d pi3#'tid11i?x of Ellc stl;lit li't conÃti1'.Ã: :,v1 :1 dhS: i.uirS.ca`3, S2.E.t..~',3 a i:'t311t`'f.gur""I?i`#`. 1fflt3','.s for selective fi'i:ÃiliF#CI3t of portions of the s .#:irlC'.'ll w'c;b3l, tc~ FIGS. .f 7C,bit}~.,rE?di~.~le ~~c:n: 200 includes w F?lLiraii y (~,,#`
3t>Yu:Sti ai.o;ls, .._. x 0 \?L.fiiaG;d. :. .i . a 201 having a c(?>.8hq.c'.ti: thivka3C:' along its E} 1''.~,,iftidi'.i':itl ae.a r`tl1. :7tcint 200 tnt:lu~'~:S;~ three portions 202, 204 un(a 206 L`>vlQ h porÃ.ii;'i;
1,0 2 ,.>','1I`g a bt:4L ~yJ;C:'i'?l and a lIi3i'd pE?l.5 a31cr r.~',i;i':.
In pan'Ãlz'.Ldc7E'Y poi'Ã1$: n~ 202 has a po]~'?;'it,r sy:~tc`.'?1 220 t:tl'ti.l, a hard pt3l4mei region 222 haZi`3g t`.3#a tinus,-, pC`,#.'Ã.l`Si. 2Zi.:~ has d#poly.n;i sy:~tetl: 23i? ii71d a hard pi~lyn:lcz region 232 hav:t1g i..ickt3t.4s ?'Yi, and pC3itid?.i1 206 has :t polymer ?45te#ii 24,0 _.nd a `
aI"d poYy,iie:` #eti'J:3i 242 lm'4 #nr; i:..<knea I..d', l.iii'.knt.`~Ns of edcii region bmi)mos smFi:..or" welerl i>i(?t i#:'z a piz:sl.,mml Li?d ~2+5 to a distal i ii\1 250 of ffiZ k 5n"t ii c,. # ~ 'f?F;~:
.k ui)':lttgu,m.\`n st#L_.. .1;. Ãiii4 .t:lowk; lt?r koi`Iut.}', over the nai=.ii1:erI,iõ ~O-1ic..> the (i ds.?pr4.#5d:.:'sis ei':~'.d Cs. Ii: this case, >G=gli?..i 206 c{#Ilri"6l kly e?'.`rde;: Ix. frE'~ egeC3I7 204.K
wili1h in. r%ii-a., v'wdr:s beiti}Ie region 202. rlic likelihood of tF#.'aanA.f3H4d: 3 c%g'i'z3L.1..tEhm, is reduced.
}.
~.\.! S,r.~.~1.2}i}Lti [ii#M1'Y to FIGS. f Efid\t b1o`ilodibpe Mat 20\s (of FIG. 7{ p:dkdlU.t.ed .;-i"t:#.;3 an ui#Ã;.iaxred, a#id l?,k feis.t.sti<3CkCi E?it?t'rod1::"~~3lL p:"L:-siLi_Ã by :,`i-nph,,4'zng t1io #'111 ;,~~~ten, sho,s;l il> F[GS. 4A-4C. Dori~~g pit.=dimion; open c azl:~ z+f_, ttabdk:r 3et. tt i7Ã t3i?i i:il:;isfõc~. S''~'it~~l E,~.i~:?:4'yS'f,"~. ~,li.p~9ot,~
t:~3'+,. s:'.+.{t'~~?~~ i_+ pli.li L~~i i::~ the Il'~~.j':
}. 'v~.4. . . .
~~ s,tcm and at. 7iiÃ:or portions of tlic prv ;~ient are trezi1ed with ion-q.
Afti..A a destrcd 2.. iff1A'3laF. .xÃit.;# . an 3mpl>illC_Gd: pi'e-;itkt>} 2?0 1~ roi.^;I.?vL'd from tz`st, 11111 syst;~Il;, h.1pS:i3.i7ÃLd ;?i'L 4`.:L:.lt 270 at this li+#ii"i.t has a transverse LnoS.i Jeuiol3 along its longitudinal iL`"igtihwht. ~ ~ ~~ ' ~t ~'i:ai:T ~ ieS ~~e \. s~S sLL.'t.ii.3 :~~~ ~~~I-l:5. ~r. ~V~.~.L ay.
` i"s3~~'2~ 1r`i t it:~3. . '`.~~ia.il.
O@pi`:*'.#. k,.i,a<7.LZs Ã1f pi?No.i? 272 of implanted pre-stent 270' are :igYS>,Fod with, a ;~i#p~#l`snle3, to ptod'{.,ot. ci?ii.ÃC:d pI'o-si.en: 280. P:e"stcnà 290 iti produced by placing =.>rL s:Lm 2,N,lt in te'1L ~IR `:r<sLE.',.m, '<Ei'ld if:3;i iFytpldLiitiFlw?
Fild;.'.l`if3ndxi.:t3m, Eh::i`:' tt.e 33i-is s4:9a:mq F.?e~r.k,:# Nc.: lt>n27-7:10W4:}F;Ã.`.Ãsem Ref. No.; 05-O1568 i3 '=3#5.~.,tI'ate .'.~~_y3 ., {it:cp= t+ imo p..' C.'. gmI~ 280 ffian dw`F:11'~c-'. toES3-c il(3F# of pi C'. at+..,a 270. iS'>e :.t3tdfins; on Ftoitiofi.272 p:i':;teciiat}1F.s sL'ggr1 i7t .f1`3327.
a>ZdF.i.iE .l;il implf3.:7iatio,t?., N u`x:; #:il ?
4 .pi?-~f. S.a:cl..e.*` oi pozÃli?<; 294 ari:-:"=ovvt'ul witll ;1. coating to pr+?duei'. 'Loz:tF>.~d pi t'...
..tS.,i-a300. Cc3<aie4.~'~. pii.. z;Ãent 30{) is *aLt;:D pl.f;tcec.i back if7to, thi: l1111 sy`Ãi:r.:', iulc>
1~?l'tà ` ~~'(x ~~ ;.~~lT; ~~:"~.:" ti:~,,1t 3 1 O. ~t~eE?~.i:i`~iC)Fls it+~' 1~1,E3,.G:i~.t~.:li~f:k ~3ti:~ S~'.ioC.t~:~i_ StÃi>~
~r : i> ,: ,,...`j ~;, ~ i. F~,:
fb:Et ..l`.L pLnou,`a:4= F';C?F4 deeply :T2Io thu'ts nct>veI'~.`to pt:frt:C?Fi than +,~`^.:3riF 3; formation }t.:~r~.Y", !LfvtI.~.?;fil. The f:~?iilli~t~.\?F~ pf~!-t:~)l3i! 2~),~ and 294 protect these t~?;.~iil~~:~.~ f}1'1[.i n 4 f All c3s tY:,kmli,r f`e;.e:~t?t~`.Fo1tS 6tle t3,a in the lv`ekll of the dev.EcL., c. t by ia.:.cr iEz~s ~EF??Ã :3i>
,y' ~~~ `~"1.;r t?;F\. ,~rLif.: p t. } 7 ~;' t~ f.~.=yry r C>}!. y,r~
=~nt~~5i3 261 w: ,r F'~:~~ii:}f ~.=,vtY l T i?iC1}~tio1~,.1. the lti f? ,.~ 1~:~.~i< 1..~1.;.~ ~Gk.~~y at :{Z5-~ d'~~ ty .,i~t~s: are 1..~ to e ~t t . \
of y40.~.= 'i, L:~t ~2~ ~1t.~
_?~~}~,~:.2` , :LoõF'`"`n{_ i now to t~!- k,.!1, gr >F~~ :F,~a'\ of ~F ;3iL :~I~_sE.F~?~a `t:t: ~,,~
.~ ~~?:~, i'i_~ t`:~E~ i cC'.;` if~.lC.:3tUnt 200 ::o t.lc dz:s.redG1t... :md expansion <FEFd. deplLx'6%i'ien3t of the ~stY:F'E It3j'acck3t t?c`.lu51ma 520., d.i' <,:uF::, 200 f?ew'#..;; to erode wFthf?l ltdt3=iei1 322, D2:Ft'Ãng, FYs, dapii?i`F.2s:n`, i..3c:= swrF.f ~:;f br: t+ ~? ~:?_:F6:?~`'?: c:f. E iz 1 a the ~.li'.'~? ts`i~.3.T2G~ 3 c ?"
322 end 245 is ~.k~;':*~.?~i:~;".~>'~ .~';+.'i:a?Ci '~~`~5,~~, ~
'' t iI'= a '~low t?f fl.i:d". M.t #he li;.l-1+;:F~ (direction En+,3'kgid by <i3t+Jw 340) 1~zhe s.e:'1t ..Ã',:?a.:e;4 _?" m.
the .:i:r?& 3o.v.aF.d\ el]c t3utsFclfii tvtmSs-c FC.,:joi1 222 , -32 <:3;d#d 242 s,3: p.?rrloa.s 202, 204 .i.t~~ 2L~{> i'Z'~''f~> ~'.~ S:Fai ~#a~lZ~i~ of bodily fluids 3~I3.tt? the 5.~..;~ i:~3`.P the ft...~' a1:~.:
;.(3,xa3rd4 t,...' In fl'i5:; early sttlgC`ti of i.'.i :ssfo?'15 the hard 4Fir.c3ci,.`; provided by il?i~
2 v ~AL:nt :.;: p`,3or: ..~.'i liÃ.lai growth (oa~dothelraldz+:it:eoni and c;~lo~, the hIen: t:F bec[:s:-ni firmly ttiE: iLF.I33eSi, A-t-3%,i L:rosiC?n $A~thL bi3st 5`v4.oF.ilii3 Z. Ab:l;.
poF':F.f:)`al 202, 204 and 206., only th:c E'G;g1(?.i3;y 222, 232 amd 242 of potbn.y 20y 204 and +`W
1c43Gd .F~ i i': ?emafn (FILY, Wh at this paflFit. the G?`Jti C?Ft 1`:t. of all :he p?ffli?F~~ , sk)1?~
lx'.~~tIusc t1se= Ã"w:; of 4mooI] of to LF't?,-':ilit'-kt;d. poF'tTE>?3 is slower ti--m;i t:'1c b,.ise ,hÃ?* ;I.#`ti~P?;.l' cellular gri,?w .h around tx?i. 1'C:i7:?I?d.ITlis isf the h*~.`,T.3:, l:; i :.G si~~., stages ~
e.t35.i<rF (F."..Ã.a .13, only Fhe oxidized ccirbC3I?Fzi::d .f:t,' ,.1't?n., (collectively 350) Fe:I1<31u., ,F hich .in. ki-Ht envOopod wit h cell growth ~~~i atic;nz}rc:d tc.s tl~le, lti mc:~~::.
T:iS,: St`4.1ts dL.zacribW hi;:: Ã iy? a?F'I be t::i1ill?gt#md iC3I <a=CvF3iif i3`, .3.>.'F'oF'is,. For .,lr.lmple, they ez.iii bG configured fC3r w,,c in Ã1w, Lsz3pi F.g~is e3. t}le Pi't3'state:
Otlicl' .4.rt.L::sJ a17cludc btlls3.:y (-wpatiSK 1FtF??~=F;y pancreatic I'knmen4, iFi"s.~~?L'~'EE
,3'1-F.~.'.A?s c3F.d > a,.tL':YF:a 33ÃrtÃwY \o.: 10-5527730i'4f?lA:lie.aaE
3f:y,ii.ei>t dcai::`1~t:tr hvrclii can lbe (tyi:4.Yi or r(.'Flder+,:d raiho }f3aqua `?y, :aGd1`t'.i.iGlrt of ~ . ..adiÃ3 oim:qLu'. I.71awg..r13s kudi as N3.i'.iuI71 sm).f:i1tE', platxnl.1TT1 or ~~~?ii~2 or by t: I~in:?
r2d1:}opaGjlta A nu:-=rbor of c:.a:boehinents have been described. i've;>erÃht,lc.s5. ~~ will bo r.~.~.'~`.34Ã~stZ:3s~3{,: ~i,~i~t Z'C~.a~'~,i.]i~;ti >~~.~.~~,iil~~~~-~4:tIions ma~lbZ- rnado wiLh\Zu,t ...Ma~..~'. .i ~.:+:.fi.. S~3F,.:25:
and w(r v }?f .lk- disclc3st1re. Aca,oxdl!'igj.', +3tlwr 41I7bodiIi2ont5 are it.11.lf: kf'1c se<;po of:.
.~o.iif1w .ng
Claims (37)
1. An endoprosthesis comprising an endoprosthesis wall having a bioerodible bas and a region including carbonized polymer material
2. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the base is a bioerodable polymer system.
3. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the carbonized polymer material is an integral modified region of the base bioerodible polymer system.
4. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the base is a bioerodible metal.
5. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the region includes a diamond-like carbon material.
6. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the region includes a graphitic carbon material.
7. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the region includes a region of crosslinked base polymer material.
8. The endoprosthesis of claim 7, wherein the crosslinked region is directly bonded to the carbonized polymer material and to substantially unmodified base polymer material
9. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, including a region of oxidized polymer material, the oxidized region being directly bonded to the carbonized material without further bonding to the base.
10. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the region extends from a surface of the base.
11. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein an overall modulus of elasticity of the base is within about +/-10% of the base polymer system without the region.
12. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the region is about 10 nm to about 2000 nm.
13. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the region has a thickness that is about 20% or less than an overall thickness of the base polymer system.
14. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the base polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyester amides, polyanhydrides, polyorthoesters, polylactides, polyglycolides, polysiloxanes, cellulose derivatives, and copolymers and blends thereof.
15. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the base is a metal.
16. The endoprosthesis of claim 15, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, lithium, rare earth elements, iron, aluminum, zinc manganese, cobalt, copper, zirconium, titanium, and mixtures thereof.
17. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the region has a fractured surface morphology.
18. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the region carries a therapeutic agent.
19. The endoprosthesis of claim 1, wherein the base includes a coating.
20. An endoprosthesis exhibiting a D peak.
21. The endoprosthesis of claim 20, wherein the endoprosthesis also exhibits a G
peak.
peak.
22. The endoprosthesis of claim 20, wherein the endoprosthesis has a first region exhibiting a D peak and a second region exhibiting a G peak.
23. The endoprosthesis of claim 22, wherein the first region and the second region are at different depths through the endoprosthesis.
24. The endoprosthesis of claim 22, wherein the first region and the second region are at different longitudinal or radial location of the endoprosthesis.
25. The endoprosthesis of claim 20, wherein the endoprosthesis carries a therapeutic agent.
26. The endoprosthesis of claim 22, wherein the therapeutic agent is in and/or on a region of the endoprosthesis exhibiting D peak.
27. A method of making an endoprosthesis, the method comprising:
providing an endoprosthesis that includes a bioerodible base and a polymer, and treating the polymer by ion implantation.
providing an endoprosthesis that includes a bioerodible base and a polymer, and treating the polymer by ion implantation.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the base is a polymer and wherein the base is treated to provide a modified region.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the bioerodible base is provided with a polymer layer, and wherein the polymer layer is treated to provide a modified region.
30. The method of claim 27, wherein the bioerodible base is a metal.
31. The method of claim 27, including treating the polymer to provide a carbonized polymer.
32. An endoprosthesis formed by the method of claim 27.
33. A method of making an endoprosthesis, the method comprising providing an endoprosthesis having a metal base and having a polymer layer;
and treating the polymer layer by ion implantation.
and treating the polymer layer by ion implantation.
34. The method of claim 33, including treating the polymer layer to form a carbonized region.
35. The method of claim 33, including treating the polymer layer to provide a fractured surface morphology.
36. The method of claim 35, including providing the fractured surface with a therapeutic agent.
37. The method of claim 33, wherein the metal is not bioerodible.
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|---|---|---|---|
| US11/355,368 | 2006-02-16 | ||
| US11/355,368 US20070191931A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 | 2006-02-16 | Bioerodible endoprostheses and methods of making the same |
| PCT/US2007/062178 WO2007098353A2 (en) | 2006-02-16 | 2007-02-15 | Bioerodible endoprostheses and methods of making the same |
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| US (1) | US20070191931A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2051670A2 (en) |
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|---|---|
| JP2009527284A (en) | 2009-07-30 |
| US20070191931A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| WO2007098353A2 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
| WO2007098353A3 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
| EP2051670A2 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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