CA2466476C - Suture anchor - Google Patents
Suture anchor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2466476C CA2466476C CA002466476A CA2466476A CA2466476C CA 2466476 C CA2466476 C CA 2466476C CA 002466476 A CA002466476 A CA 002466476A CA 2466476 A CA2466476 A CA 2466476A CA 2466476 C CA2466476 C CA 2466476C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- suture anchor
- attachment portion
- recited
- face
- suture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0409—Instruments for applying suture anchors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0412—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors having anchoring barbs or pins extending outwardly from suture anchor body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0414—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors having a suture-receiving opening, e.g. lateral opening
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/042—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors plastically deformed during insertion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0446—Means for attaching and blocking the suture in the suture anchor
- A61B2017/0454—Means for attaching and blocking the suture in the suture anchor the anchor being crimped or clamped on the suture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0446—Means for attaching and blocking the suture in the suture anchor
- A61B2017/0458—Longitudinal through hole, e.g. suture blocked by a distal suture knot
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/03—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
- A61B2090/037—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety with a frangible part, e.g. by reduced diameter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S606/00—Surgery
- Y10S606/907—Composed of particular material or coated
- Y10S606/908—Bioabsorbable material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S606/00—Surgery
- Y10S606/916—Tool for installing or removing orthopedic fastener
Abstract
A suture anchor (12) includes a placement portion (76) frangably connected to an attachment portion (78). The attachment portion includes an outwardly projecting barb (90). During insertion of the suture anchor within a bore hole formed on a bone, the barb scores at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole. Once the suture anchor is disposed within the bore hole, a withdrawal force is applied to the suture anchor such that the attachment portion thereof rotates within the bore hole and disconnects from the placement portion. In an alternative embodiment, the suture anchor can be formed without the outwardly projecting barb.
Description
SUTURE ANCHOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. The Field of the Invention The present invention relates to implantable suture anchors used for surgically attaching soft tissue to bone, as well as instrumentation and methods for deploying such anchors.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. The Field of the Invention The present invention relates to implantable suture anchors used for surgically attaching soft tissue to bone, as well as instrumentation and methods for deploying such anchors.
2. The Relevant Technology One common type of orthopedic, i.e., bone related, injury is the tearing of soft tissue, such as tendons, ligaments, and muscles. Such injuries often result in at least a portion of the soft tissue being separated from the bone so that the soft tissue no longer functions in its intended manner. A common surgical procedure to remedy this injury is to mechanically secure the torn portion of the soft tissue back to the bone.
Such mechanical attachment can be temporary in that the soft tissue eventually reattaches itself to the bone if held in contact therewith for a sufficient period of time.
A suture anchor is one type of mechanical device that is used to secure soft tissue to bone. Although bone can have different consistencies at different locations, most bone comprises a hard outer surface, referred to as cortical bone. The cortical bone bounds a softer, spongy type bone referred to as cancellous bone. Most suture anchors comprise a small metal or plastic fixture which has a suture line secured thereto.
Attachment of the suture anchor to the bone generally entails forming a hole through the cortical bone and into the cancellous bone. The suture anchor is then inserted into the portion of the hole bounded by the softer cancellous bone.
Once inserted, the suture anchor is manipulated so as to be securely wedged within the hole.
The surgeon then uses the suture, which is attached to the suture anchor and extends out of the hole, to securely tie the soft tissue to the bone.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a suture anchor assembly being used to secure soft tissue torn away at a shoulder;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 1 in a disassemble state;
Figure 3 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 1 in an assembled state;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the suture anchor of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 2;
Figure 5 is an elevated left side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is an elevated back side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4;
Figure 7 is partially cut away elevated left side view of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 3;
Figure 8 is a back perspective view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4;
Figure 9 is a cross sectional side view of bone shown in Figure 1 having a bore hole formed therein by either a punch or a drill bit;
Figure 10 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4 being inserted into the bore hole of Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a cross sectional top plan view taken along section lines 11-11 of Figure 10;
Figure 12A is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 10 being fully inserted within the bore hole;
Figure 12B is an elevated side view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor being fully inserted within the bore hole of Figure 9;
Figure 13 is an elevated side view of an attachment portion of the suture anchor shown in Figure 12A being rotated within the bore hole;
Figure 14 is an elevated side view of the fully rotated attachment portion shown in Figure 13 being separated from the placement portion;
Figure 15 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 14 being used to secure soft tissue to the bone by use of a suture;
Figure 16 is an elevated side view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor having slots extending from the front face thereof at various angles;
Figure 17 is an elevated side view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor having a slot extending from the back face thereof;
Figure 18 is an elevated side view of another alternative embodiment of a suture anchor;
Figure 19 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 18 being inserted into a single diameter bore hole;
Figure 20 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 19 Figure 21A is a cross sectional top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor inserted within a bore hole, the suture anchor having a pointed barb;
Figure 21B is a cross sectional top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor inserted within a bore hole, the suture anchor having a substantially eye-shaped transverse cross section;
Figure 22 is an elevated side view of a suture anchor assembly wherein the placement portion and the attachment portion thereof are selectively connected together;
Figure 23 is an elevated side view of a suture anchor designed for insertion within a single diameter bore hole;
Figure 24 is an elevated side view of another alternative embodiment of a suture anchor;
Figure 25 is a perspective side view of an inserter used for the suture anchor shown in Figure 24;
Figure 26 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 24 being inserted with a bore hole by use of the inserter shown in Figure 25; and Figure 27 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 26 being rotated within the bore hole.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Disclosed herein is a suture anchor assembly having a suture anchor and an elongated inserter. The suture anchor has an elongated placement portion and an elongated attachment portion. The elongated placement portion has a proximal end and an opposing distal end.
The elongated attachment portion also has a proximal end and an opposing distal end, and further has an outwardly projecting barb. The distal end of the placement portion is frangibly connected to the proximal end of the attachment portion. The placement portion and the attachment portion are integrally formed together as a single member comprised of a first material. The elongated inserter is coupled to the proximal end of the placement portion, and is comprised of a second material which is different from the first material.
Also disclosed herein is a suture anchor for attachment to a bone. The suture anchor -3a-has an elongated body, a slot, a frangible strut and a barb. The elongated body has a first face and an opposing second face, each longitudinally extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end. The body has a central longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the opposing distal end. The slot starts at the first face and extends toward the second face so as to partially bisect the elongated body. The slot is bounded by an upper side wall and a lower side wall. The frangible strut extends between the slot and the second face of the body, and forms a portion of the body. The barb projects outwardly from the first face or the second face of the body at a location distal of at least a portion of the slot. The body has a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at the location of the barb with a maximum first diameter. The body further has a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at a location distal of the barb with a maximum second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.
Further disclosed herein is a suture anchor for use within a bore hole formed in a bone. The suture anchor has a placement portion, an attachment portion and means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment portion. The attachment portion has a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom. The barb is adapted to score at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole as the attachment portion is being inserted within the bore hole. The means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment is such that, when an insertion force is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion as they are being directed into the bore hole, the barb scores at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole while maintaining connection between the placement portion and the attachment portion. The means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment is further such that, when a withdrawal force, substantially opposite of the insertion force, is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion, the attachment portion rotates within the bore hole causing the placement portion and the attachment portion to disconnect.
Even further disclosed herein is a suture anchor assembly having an elongated inserter and a suture anchor. The elongated inserter has a post outwardly projecting from an end thereof. The suture anchor has a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom. The body has a first side and an opposing second side each extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end. The body bounds a mounting port extending from the first side to or -3b-toward the second side. The post of the inserter is rotatably disposed within the mounting port. At least a portion of the body bounding the mounting port is selectively frangible to enable separation of the inserter and the suture anchor.
Depicted in Figure 1 is one embodiment of a suture anchor assembly 10 incorporating features of the present invention. In general, suture anchor assembly 10 comprises a suture anchor 12 having an inserter 14 attached thereto. Suture anchor 12 is configured for attachment to bone so as to subsequently facilitate attaching soft tissue, such as tendons, ligaments, muscles, or the like, either directly or indirectly to the bone.
By way of example, and not by limitation, depicted in Figure 1 is a shoulder 16. A
ligament 18 has a free end 20 which is shown as being torn away from a glenoid rim of scapula bone 22. As will be discussed below in greater detail, a bore hole 26 is formed on the glenoid rim of scapula bone 22 at the location for the attachment of ligament 18. At least a portion of suture anchor 12 having a suture line 28 passing therethrough, is inserted and secured within bore hole 26. Once secured therein, suture line 28 is used to secure free end of ligament 18 to scapula bone 22. It is appreciated that suture anchor 12 in Figure 1 is not necessarily to scale in that suture anchor 12 would likely be smaller relative to shoulder 16.
Such mechanical attachment can be temporary in that the soft tissue eventually reattaches itself to the bone if held in contact therewith for a sufficient period of time.
A suture anchor is one type of mechanical device that is used to secure soft tissue to bone. Although bone can have different consistencies at different locations, most bone comprises a hard outer surface, referred to as cortical bone. The cortical bone bounds a softer, spongy type bone referred to as cancellous bone. Most suture anchors comprise a small metal or plastic fixture which has a suture line secured thereto.
Attachment of the suture anchor to the bone generally entails forming a hole through the cortical bone and into the cancellous bone. The suture anchor is then inserted into the portion of the hole bounded by the softer cancellous bone.
Once inserted, the suture anchor is manipulated so as to be securely wedged within the hole.
The surgeon then uses the suture, which is attached to the suture anchor and extends out of the hole, to securely tie the soft tissue to the bone.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a suture anchor assembly being used to secure soft tissue torn away at a shoulder;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 1 in a disassemble state;
Figure 3 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 1 in an assembled state;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the suture anchor of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 2;
Figure 5 is an elevated left side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is an elevated back side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4;
Figure 7 is partially cut away elevated left side view of the suture anchor assembly shown in Figure 3;
Figure 8 is a back perspective view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4;
Figure 9 is a cross sectional side view of bone shown in Figure 1 having a bore hole formed therein by either a punch or a drill bit;
Figure 10 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 4 being inserted into the bore hole of Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a cross sectional top plan view taken along section lines 11-11 of Figure 10;
Figure 12A is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 10 being fully inserted within the bore hole;
Figure 12B is an elevated side view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor being fully inserted within the bore hole of Figure 9;
Figure 13 is an elevated side view of an attachment portion of the suture anchor shown in Figure 12A being rotated within the bore hole;
Figure 14 is an elevated side view of the fully rotated attachment portion shown in Figure 13 being separated from the placement portion;
Figure 15 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 14 being used to secure soft tissue to the bone by use of a suture;
Figure 16 is an elevated side view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor having slots extending from the front face thereof at various angles;
Figure 17 is an elevated side view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor having a slot extending from the back face thereof;
Figure 18 is an elevated side view of another alternative embodiment of a suture anchor;
Figure 19 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 18 being inserted into a single diameter bore hole;
Figure 20 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 19 Figure 21A is a cross sectional top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor inserted within a bore hole, the suture anchor having a pointed barb;
Figure 21B is a cross sectional top plan view of an alternative embodiment of a suture anchor inserted within a bore hole, the suture anchor having a substantially eye-shaped transverse cross section;
Figure 22 is an elevated side view of a suture anchor assembly wherein the placement portion and the attachment portion thereof are selectively connected together;
Figure 23 is an elevated side view of a suture anchor designed for insertion within a single diameter bore hole;
Figure 24 is an elevated side view of another alternative embodiment of a suture anchor;
Figure 25 is a perspective side view of an inserter used for the suture anchor shown in Figure 24;
Figure 26 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 24 being inserted with a bore hole by use of the inserter shown in Figure 25; and Figure 27 is an elevated side view of the suture anchor shown in Figure 26 being rotated within the bore hole.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Disclosed herein is a suture anchor assembly having a suture anchor and an elongated inserter. The suture anchor has an elongated placement portion and an elongated attachment portion. The elongated placement portion has a proximal end and an opposing distal end.
The elongated attachment portion also has a proximal end and an opposing distal end, and further has an outwardly projecting barb. The distal end of the placement portion is frangibly connected to the proximal end of the attachment portion. The placement portion and the attachment portion are integrally formed together as a single member comprised of a first material. The elongated inserter is coupled to the proximal end of the placement portion, and is comprised of a second material which is different from the first material.
Also disclosed herein is a suture anchor for attachment to a bone. The suture anchor -3a-has an elongated body, a slot, a frangible strut and a barb. The elongated body has a first face and an opposing second face, each longitudinally extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end. The body has a central longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the opposing distal end. The slot starts at the first face and extends toward the second face so as to partially bisect the elongated body. The slot is bounded by an upper side wall and a lower side wall. The frangible strut extends between the slot and the second face of the body, and forms a portion of the body. The barb projects outwardly from the first face or the second face of the body at a location distal of at least a portion of the slot. The body has a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at the location of the barb with a maximum first diameter. The body further has a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at a location distal of the barb with a maximum second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.
Further disclosed herein is a suture anchor for use within a bore hole formed in a bone. The suture anchor has a placement portion, an attachment portion and means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment portion. The attachment portion has a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom. The barb is adapted to score at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole as the attachment portion is being inserted within the bore hole. The means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment is such that, when an insertion force is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion as they are being directed into the bore hole, the barb scores at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole while maintaining connection between the placement portion and the attachment portion. The means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment is further such that, when a withdrawal force, substantially opposite of the insertion force, is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion, the attachment portion rotates within the bore hole causing the placement portion and the attachment portion to disconnect.
Even further disclosed herein is a suture anchor assembly having an elongated inserter and a suture anchor. The elongated inserter has a post outwardly projecting from an end thereof. The suture anchor has a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom. The body has a first side and an opposing second side each extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end. The body bounds a mounting port extending from the first side to or -3b-toward the second side. The post of the inserter is rotatably disposed within the mounting port. At least a portion of the body bounding the mounting port is selectively frangible to enable separation of the inserter and the suture anchor.
Depicted in Figure 1 is one embodiment of a suture anchor assembly 10 incorporating features of the present invention. In general, suture anchor assembly 10 comprises a suture anchor 12 having an inserter 14 attached thereto. Suture anchor 12 is configured for attachment to bone so as to subsequently facilitate attaching soft tissue, such as tendons, ligaments, muscles, or the like, either directly or indirectly to the bone.
By way of example, and not by limitation, depicted in Figure 1 is a shoulder 16. A
ligament 18 has a free end 20 which is shown as being torn away from a glenoid rim of scapula bone 22. As will be discussed below in greater detail, a bore hole 26 is formed on the glenoid rim of scapula bone 22 at the location for the attachment of ligament 18. At least a portion of suture anchor 12 having a suture line 28 passing therethrough, is inserted and secured within bore hole 26. Once secured therein, suture line 28 is used to secure free end of ligament 18 to scapula bone 22. It is appreciated that suture anchor 12 in Figure 1 is not necessarily to scale in that suture anchor 12 would likely be smaller relative to shoulder 16.
As depicted in Figures 2 and 3, inserter 14 comprises an elongated shaft 30 that extends from a proximal end 32 to an opposing distal end 34. An elongated handle 36 orthogonally outwardly projects from proximal end 32 of shaft 30.
Handle 36 is used by the surgeon to hold and manipulate inserter 14 and can come in a variety of different configurations. For example, handle 36 can comprise an enlarged circular disk or have any other desired configuration. In other embodiments, inserter 14 can also be formed without handle 36.
Formed at distal end 34 of shaft 30 is an enlarged head 38. Head 38 has a side wall 40 that extends to an end face 42. Recessed within end face 42 is a substantially cylindrical socket 44 (see Figure 7). A bore 46 extends through side wall 40 to socket 44 and, as discussed below in greater detail, is configured to receive a pin 48. In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that head 38 and shaft 30 can have the same outside diameter. Furthermore, the exterior surface of head 38 and shaft 30 need not be round but can have any desired configuration.
As depicted in Figures 4-6, suture anchor 12 comprises an elongated body 50 having a central longitudinal axis 52 extending therethrough. Body 50 has a proximal end 54 and an opposing distal end 56. Distal end 56 terminates at a tip 57.
Extending between ends 54 and 56, body 50 has a front face 58, an opposing back face 60, and opposing side faces 62 and 64. Body 50 has a substantially circular transverse cross sectional area with a flattened side wall 67 being formed along a longitudinal portion of side face 62 and a flattened side wall 68 being formed along a longitudinal portion of side face 64. Flattened side walls 67 and 68 are disposed in parallel alignment and each extend between a proximal end 69 and an opposing distal end 71. For a given transverse cross section of body 50, the diameter between side walls 67 and 68 is smaller than the diameter between front face 58 and back face 60.
Transversely extending into and/or through proximal end 54 of body 50 is an annular bore 66. As depicted in Figure 7, proximal end 54 of body 50 is configured to be received within socket 44 of inserter 14 such that bores 46 and 66 are aligned. In this configuration, pin 48 is press fit within the aligned bores 46 and 66 so as to securely connect inserter 14 and suture anchor 12 together. In this configuration, central longitudinal axis 52 of suture anchor 12 also centrally extends through shaft 30 of inserter 14.
In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that socket 44 and proximal end 54 of suture anchor 12 can have any desired complementary configurations, such as polygonal or irregular configurations, that enable mating of the parts together. It is also appreciated that the configurations can be reversed such that socket 44 is formed on suture anchor 12.
Furthermore, bores 46 and 66 can have any desired configuration with pin 48 being configured to be received within aligned bores 46 and 66. Bores 46 and/or 66 can also be threaded to engage with a threaded pin 48. In yet other embodiments, it is appreciated that inserter 14 and suture anchor 12 can be rigidly secured together using any of a number of conventional connection methods. For example, the members can be directly crimped, welded, screwed, press fit, clamped, or otherwise secured together such as by the use of an adhesive with or without the use of soclcet 44.
Returning to Figure 5, a slot 70 is formed starting at front face 58 and extending towards back face 60 so as to partially bisect elongated body 50 into two portions. Specifically, body 50 includes a placement portion 76 that extends between proximal end 54 and slot 70 and an attachment portion 78 that extends between slot 70 and distal end 56 of body 50. Attachment portion 78 has an aspect ratio of length-to-width that is greater than one. Slot 70 is bounded between a distal end face 82 of placement portion 76 (also referred to as an upper side wall) and a proximal end face 84 of attachment portion 78 (also referred to as a lower side wall). Each of end faces 82 and 84, and thus also slot 70, transversely extend between opposing side walls 67 and 68.
Slot 70 includes a linear portion 74 that terminates at a downwardly projecting lobe 75. Lobe 75 has an end face 72 which, in the embodiment depicted, is curved. A
frangible strut 80 connects placement portion 76 and attachment portion 78 together.
Frangible strut 80 extends between end face 72 and back face 60.
As discussed below in greater detail, when axis 52 is vertically disposed, proximal end face 84 is substantially disposed in a plane that is typically oriented at an angle a relative to the horizontal in a range between about 20 to about 70 and more commonly between about 30 to about 60 . In alternative embodiments, some of which will be discussed below, proximal end face 84 can be horizontally disposed or positioned at a variety of other angles. Proximal end face 84 can also be curved along a constant or irregular radius. In the embodiment depicted, distal end face 82 is disposed in a plane substantially parallel to proximal end face 84. Distal end face 82 can also be curved along a constant or irregular radius and can be disposed so that a gap 86 formed between end faces 82 and 84 varies or is substantially constant along the length of slot 70.
-.6 -The size of gap 86 is largely a factor of the process used to form slot 70.
For example, in one embodiment, end faces 82 and 84 can be biased together so that slot 70 merely comprises a crack formed therebetween. It is noted, however, that as gap 86 of slot 70 decreases or narrows at end face 72, the localized stress at end face 72 increases. Accordingly, by modifying end face 72 from a relatively large curved face to a narrowing crack, less force is required to propagate slot 70 across frangible strut 80, as will be discussed below. As such, end face 72, partially bounding frangible strut 80, is selectively configured based in part on the desired amount of force needed to produce failure of frangible strut 80. In one embodiment gap 86 may thus be relatively narrow at the mouth thereof adjacent to front face 58 but then widen at end face 72. The amount of force needed to produce failure of frangible strut 80 can also be adjusted by other variables such as the size of frangible strut 80 and the material thereof.
As depicted in Figures 5 and 8, attachment portion 78 comprises an attachment body 88 having a barb 90 outwardly projecting therefrom. Barb 90 has a substantially flat front face 91 that terminates at an elongated sharpened edge 94. In the embodiment depicted, barb 90 outwardly projects from proximal end face 84 at front face 58. In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that barb 90 can extend from front face 58 at a variety of different locations between slot 70 and distal end 56.
Furthermore, one or more barbs 90 can project from side face 62, side face 64, and/or front face 58 of attachment portion 78.
In one embodiment of the present invention, means are provided for coupling suture line 28 to attachment portion 78. By way of example and not by limitation, extending between flattened side walls 67, 68 on attachment portion 78 is a suture port 96. Suture port 96 allows suture line 28, which can comprise any form of line, to pass through attachment portion 78 (as shown in Figure 2), thereby coupling therewith. In alternative embodiments, the means for coupling suture line 28 can comprise a slot that extends from front face 58, back face 60, or tip 57 of attachment portion 78 into attachment body 88, the slot being configured to receive suture line 28 therein.
In yet other embodiments of the means for coupling, suture port 96 need not extend between side walls 67, 68 but can form a passage that extends into and out of a portion of side wall 67 or side wall 68, the passage being configured to pass suture line 28 therethrough. It is appreciated that passages or holes can also be formed through a number of other locations on attachment portion 78, including barb 90, throush which suture line 28 can bc passed. In addition, suture line 28 can be coupled to attachmcnt portion 78 such as by molding a portion of suture line 28 into attachment portion 78 or by securing suture line 28 to attachment portion 78 by welding, crimping, adhesive, or the like.
Although not requircd, as depicted in Figures 4-6, a plow 98 is formed oti attachment portion 78. Plow 98 comprises a pair of opposing taped faces 100 and 102 that cach extend to a sharpened edge 104. Sharpcncd edge 104 extends frottt tip 52 either to or adjacent to frangible strut 80 along back side 60. In altemativc embodimettts, sliarpeued edge 104 can extend over more or less of atizchment portion 98.
Depicted in Figure 9, bone 22 is shown as having a hard cortical bone layer 110 over a softer cancellous bone layer 112. To facilitate attachtnent of suture anclior 12, bore hole 26 is formed extcnding into bone 22. Bore hole 26 conipriscs a first hole 116 extending througli or at least partially througlt cortical bone layer 110 and a second hole 118 concentrically disposed within the first hole 116 and extending into cancellous bone layer 112. First hole 116 is bounded by an interior surface 117 while second hole 118 is bounded by an interior surface 119. Second hole I 18 has a smaller maximuni diameter than first hole 116 so that a shoulder 121 is forcned thercbctween.
In one eirtbodimcnt, bore hole 26 can be formed by driving a punch 120 into bone 22. Punch 120 is shown having concentrically disposed bits 122 and 124 that are configured complementary to bore hole 26. Alternatively, separate punelles can be used to separatcly form first liole 116 and sccond hole 118. In contrast to using punch 120, a drill bit 126 can be used to form bore hole 26_ Drill bit 126 is also shown as having concentrically dis-posed drilling bits 128 and 130 lhat are confgured complementary to bore hole 26. Separate drill bits can also bc used to separately fortn first holc 116 and second hole 118. Other methods known in the art can also be uscd to form bore lZolc 26. Furthermore, as will be disclosed below, suture anchor 12 can also be placed without the formation of bore hole 26.
As depicted in Figures 10 and 11, by applying an insertion force on inserter in the direction of arrow 138, distal end 56 of suture anclior 12 is initially advanced into secorld holc 118 so that barb 90 is received within first hole 116. In one embodiment, the insertion force is applied aloi)g the central longitudinal axis of suture anchor 12. First hole 116 has a diameter equal to or largcr than the maxiniunt ttansverse diameter of suwre anchor 12 at edge 94 of baria 90 so tl,at tiurb 90 can bc inserted. into first hole 116 without having to score cortical bone Iayer 110.
As used in the specification and appended claims, the terin "score" used in associate with bone means that that portion of the bone is displaced such as by being compressed, sliced, cut, or combinations thereof and the like. In contrast to first hole 116, second hole 118 has a diameter smaller than the maximum transverse diameter of suture anchor 12 at edge 94 of barb 90.
It is further noted with regard to Figure 11 that because the diameter between flattened side walls 67 and 68 is smaller than the diameter between front face 58 and back face 60, a gap 132 is formed between side wall 67 of suture anchor 12 and interior surface 119 of second hole 118. A similar gap 134 is also formed between side wall 68 of suture anchor 12 and interior surface 119 of second hole 118.
Gaps 132 and 134 provide an open space for suture line 28 so that suture line 28 is not damaged as suture anchor 12 is placed and secured within bore hole 26.
Next, as depicted in Figure 12A, additional force is applied to inserter 14 driving all of attachment portion 78 of suture anchor 12 into second hole 118 and thus into cancellous bone layer 112. In so doing, barb 90 scores a portion of cancellous bone 112. In one embodiment, barb 90 scores bone layer 112 to a depth of at least 0.3 mm and more typically to at least 0.5 mm from interior surface 119. This depth can be increased or decreased depending on the intended use of suture anchor 12.
In the act depicted in Figure 12A, second hole 118 is formed to a predefined depth such that the surgeon lcnows that suture anchor 12 is inserted to a proper depth when suture anchor 12 hits the bottom of second hole 118.
Depending on the person and the location at which bore hole 26 is formed, the bone material may be harder or softer. Furthermore, bone closer to joints can have a much thicker layer of the harder cortical bone. Accordingly, as depicted in Figure 12B, where the bone material is harder and/or where suture anchor 12 is made of a softer or more flexible material, as the additional force is applied to inserter 14 driving attachment portion 78 of suture anchor 12 into second hole 118, the force of the bone against barb 90 causes attachment portion 78 to either flex under elastic deformation and/or bend under plastic deforination at frangible strut 80. As a result, a portion of barb 90 and/or proximal end face 84 is biased against distal end face 82. It is noted that in this bent or flexed position, edge 94 of barb 90 still outwardly projects so as to score cancellous bone layer 112.
The supporting of barb 90 and/or proximal end face 84 against distal end face 82 ensures that at least a portion of barb 90 scores bone material during insertion of attachment portion 78 into bone layer 112. Furthermore, the above supporting of barb 90 and/or proximal end face 84 prevents over flexing or bending of frangible strut 80 during the insertion of attaclunent portion 78 which could produce premature failure of frangible strut 80. As such, in one embodimcnt the gap between proximal end facc 84 and distal end face 82 should be sufficiently sntall that barb 90 and/or proxim',11 end face 84 biases against distal end face 82 prior to failurc of frangiblc strut 80.
During some uses, it is appreciatcd that attachment portion 78 may only slightly ben.d or flex so that barb 90 is movcd toward upper side wall 82 but does not contact thcrcwith.
As also depicted in Figure 12B, to help infortn the surgeon as to whcn suture anchoT 12 is fully inserted into bore hoae 26, head 38 of inserter 14 can be fortned with a diameter that is larger than the diameter of first liolc 116. As a result, cnd face 42 of hcad 38 biases against a top surface 136 of bone 22 when suture anchor 12 is fu11y inserted. As such, suture anchor 12 need not contact tho bottom of bore ltolc 26.
Ncxt, as depicted in Figure 13, once attaehment portion 78 is inserted within second hole 118, a upward withdrawal force is applied to inserter 14 in the diroetion of arrow 140. As the withdrawal force is applied, barb 90 penotratc;s into the bone matcriaI. Barb 90 acts as a pivot point causing distal end 56 of attachnient portion 78 to rotate clockwise (in the view shown in Figure 13) so that plow 98 also penetrates into the bone material. Attachment portion 78 continues to rotate until frangible strut 80 is bent or othcrwise deformed to such an extent that it fnils, thereby separating placement portion 76 of suture anchor 12 from attachment portion 78.
As prcviously discussed, frangible strut 80 and/or the configuration of slot adjacent thereto can be selectivcly modified so that frangiblc strut 80 fails upon the application of a predefined withdrawal force. This predefined withdrawal force that produces failurc of frangible strut 80 can be different for differcnt cmbodiments and for different uses. In one ctnbodiment, this predefnccl withdrawal is in a range between about 2 lbs to about 30 lbs with about 5 lbs to about 10 lbs being more preferred, In otlicr embodiments, the force can be greater or smaller.
As depicted in Figure 14, once frangible strut 80 fails, placement portion 76 of suture anclior 12 is removed from bore hole 26 with inserter 14. As a result of the rotation of attachment portion 78 within the bone material, attachment portion rcmains secured within the bone material. In this position, suture line 28 passes through suture port 96 and extends out of bore holc 26.
Finally, as depicted in Figurc 15, suture line 28 is used in any oF a numher.
of convenntional mann.ers to sccure free end 20 of ligament 18 to bone 22.
In one embodiment of the present invention, means are provided for connecting placement portion 76 to attaehment portion 78 such that wlien an insertion force is applied to placement portion 76 and attachment portion 78 as they are being directed into the bore hole, barb 90 scoxes at least a portion of the bone bounding the 5 bore hole while maintaining connection between placement portion 76 and attachnient portion 78 and when a withdrawal force, substantially opposite of the insertion force, is applied to placement portion 76 and attaclunent portion 78, attachment portion 78 rotates within the bore liole causing placement portion 76 and attacliment portion 78 to discontiect. By way of example and not by iiinitation one embodiment of sucli 10 means for connecting comprises frangible strut 80 as diseussed above.
Alternative embodiments of the means for connecting include the alternative frangible strut placements, configurations, and connections as discussed berein. For example, such alternatives include the frangible struts as discussed below with rcgard to Figures 16 -18 and 22.
Depicted in Figure 16 is an alternative cmbodiment of a suture anchor 150 that operates in substautially the same way as suture anchor 12. Like elements bctwcen suture anchor 150 and suture anchor 12 are identified by like reference characters. In contrast to suture anchor 12, suture anchor 150 has a bisecting slot 152 that extends horizotitally into body 50 instead of at a downward angle_ Alternativcly, as depicted by da~hcd lincs 154, the slot can also upwardly extend into body 50.
Projecting from front face 58 of attachment portion 78 is a barla 156. In contrast to barb 90 of suture anchor 12, barb 156 is disposed below slot 152 so as itot to be dircctly bounded.tliereby. I'urthermore, in contrast to flattened sidewalls 67 anc!
68 of suture anchor 12, a grooved channel 156 extends along eacii side of suture anclior 150 so as to intersect with suture port 69. Grooved channels 156 are configured to receive suture line 28.
Depictcd in Figure 17 is an alternative embodimcnt of a suture anclior 160.
Suture anchor 160 is similar to suture anchor 150 except that slot 152 extends from back face 60 toward front face 58. Again, slot 152 esin be oriented at virtually any angle. In this embodiment, frangible strut 80 is forrned along front face 58.
Barb 156 projccts from front face 58 below frangible sirut 80. In yet anothcr altarnative embodiment, it is appreciated that separate slots can project from both front face 58 and back face 60 so that the $angible sttut is formed between the opposing slots.
Depicted in Figure 18 is another altennative embodiment of a suture anchor 170. Like elelnents bctwcen suture anchor 170 and suture anchor 12 are identified by like reference characters. Suture anchor 170 is distinguished from suture anchor 12 in that it comprises a back face 172 that includes a substantially linear first portion 174 that extends along placement portion 76, an outwardly sloping transition shoulder 176, and a second portion 178. Transition shoulder 176 generally begins to outwardly slope from first portion 174 at or just below the intended failure location of frangible strut 80. Alternatively, frangible strut 80 can also be designed to fail at a point along transition shoulder 176. Suture anchor 170 has a maximum diameter D, that transversely extends between back face 172 of attachment portion 78 and the tip of barb 90.
Suture anchor 170 is placed by initially forming a single diameter bore hole 180 in bone 22, as depicted in Figure 19. Bore hole 180 is bounded by an annular side wall 181 having a substantially constant diameter D2. Diameter D2 of bore hole 180 is smaller than diameter D, of suture anchor 170. Bore hole 180 can be formed using any conventional method.
Next, suture anchor 170 is inserted into bore hole 180 by applying a force in the direction of arrow 182 on inserter 14. As suture anchor 170 is advanced within bore hole 180, barb 90 contacts side wall 181 thereof. As additional force is applied, barb 90 causes attachment portion 78 to rotate slightly counter-clockwise (based on the view in Figure 19) by either resiliently flexing under elastic deformation or bending under plastic deformation at frangible strut 80. In one embodiment using this configuration, depending on the hardness of the bone and the compositional material of suture anchor 170, all or substantially all of attachment portion 78, including barb 90, is received within bore hole 180 so that minimal or no scoring of bone 22 is produced but that attachment portion 78 is held within bore hole 180 by frictional engagement. In an alternative embodiment, attachment portion 78 can resiliently rotate in a clockwise direction once barb 90 passes cortical bone layer 110 so that barb 90 scores cancellous bone layer 112 as it is received therein.
As depicted in Figure 20, once attachment portion 78 of suture anchor 170 is fully received within bore hole 180 to a desired depth, a withdrawal force, depicted by arrow 184, is applied to inserter 14. As a result, attachment portion 78 rotates cloclcwise within bore hole 180 (based on the view in Figure 20) so that attachment portion 78 lodges by penetrating into bone 22. Attachment portion 78 continues to rotate until the failure of frangible strut 80. Suture line 28 can then be used to secure soft tissue in the same manner as previously discussed with regard to Figure 15.
It is appreciated that each of the various suture anchor embodiments discussed above can also have a variety of different transverse cross sectional configurations.
By way of example and not by limitation, as depicted in Figure 21A, which is a view comparable to Figure 11, a suture anchor 190 is shown having a barb 192 that angles to a ten.ninal point 194. Barb 192 is in contrast to barb 90 shown in Figure 4 wherein barb 90 terminates at a linear edge 94.
In another embodiment, depicted in Figure 21B, a suture anchor 196 is shown having a body 198 having a transverse cross sectional area that is substantially eye shaped. In this embodiment, body 198 has opposing curved side walls 200 and that extend between a front edge 204 and a back edge 206. The edges 204 and assist in cutting into bone 22 when the corresponding attachment portion is rotated.
Suture anchor 196 is shown having barb 192 that terminates at point 194, as discussed with Figure 21A, but could also have barb 90 as discussed with suture anchor 12.
The various suture anchors of the present invention can be made in a variety of different ways using a variety of one or more different materials. By way of example and not by limitation, the various suture anchors can be made from medical grade bioabsorbable or non-absorbable materials. Examples of bioabsorbable materials include homopolymers and copolymers of lactide, glycolide, trimethylene carbonate, caprolactone, and p-dioxanone and blends or other combinations thereof and equivalents thereof. Examples of non-absorbable materials include metals such as stainless steel, titanium, Nitinol, cobalt, alloys thereof, and equivalents thereof and polymeric materials such as non-absorbable polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins, polyurethanes, and polyacetals and equivalents thereof.
In one embodiment, inserter 14 is made from the same material as the suture anchor or is made from a different material but one that is still a medical grade material, such as those discussed above. Alternatively, since inserter 14 is typically not inserted into the body of a patient, to minimize the cost of the suture anchor assembly, inserter 14 can also be made from a less expensive non-medical grade material. The material can be a metal, plastic, composite or the like. By making inserter 14 out of a less expensive material, it becomes economical to simply dispose of inserter 14 and the placement portion which is secured thereto once the attachment portion is separated. Inserter 14 and the suture anchor are disclosed as separate elements that are coupled together so that if desired, they can be made from different materials. Alternatively, inserter 14 and the suture anchor can be integrally formed as Furthermore, in one embodiment each of the suture anchors discussed above, which each comprise a placement portion, attachment portion and frangible strut, are integrally formed as a single member. As used in the specification and appended claims, the term "integrally" is intended to mean that the associated element comprises a single continuous member as opposed to two or more members that are somehow connected together. In contrast to being integrally formed, however, the various suture anchors of the present invention can also be formed 'of separate elements that are connected together. For example, depicted in Figure 22 is a suture anchor assembly 210 that includes an inserter 212 and a suture anchor 214.
Suture anchor 214 includes a placement portion 216 and an attachment portion 218.
Inserter 212 and placement portion 216 are integrally formed as a single unit. A flange stop 221 radially outwardly projects at the intersection of inserter 212 and placement portion 216. Placement portion 216 and attachment portion 218, however, are separate elements that are connected together.
More specifically, placement portion 216 has a distal end 219 that terminates at a distal end face 220. Downwardly projecting from distal end face 220 is a frangible strut 222. Attachment portion 218 has a proximal end 224 that terminates at a proximal end face 226. Forined on proximal end face 226 is a socket 228.
Socket 228 is configured to receive at least a portion of frangible strut 222 therein. In this position, distal end face 220 and proximal end face 226 can be biased together or a space can be formed therebetween. Frangible strut 222 is secured within socket such as by a press fitting, welding, adhesive, crimping or the like.
Furthermore, the positioning of frangible strut 222 and socket 228 can be reversed.
Furthermore, frangible strut 222 can be independently connected to both placement portion 216 and attachment portion 218.
Placement portion 216 is secured to attachnlent portion 218 such that attachment portion 218 can be secured within a bore hole such as by using one of the methods described herein. In this regard, attachinent portion 218 can be formed with a barb 230, as depicted by the dashed lines, or without. Where attachment portion 218 is formed without barb 230, the bore hole is sized to sufficiently tightly receive attachment portion 218 on insertion so that attachment portion 218 rotates within the bore hole upon application of the extraction force as opposed to simply pulling out of the bore hole.
Each of the elements of the various suture anchor assemblies can be made from injection molding or other forins of molding. Furthermore, each of the various elements can be made by cutting or otherwise shaping extruded or other formed nzembers.
It is also appreciated that the method of placement can also vary based on the type of material from which the suture anchor is made and the type of bone in which the suture anchor is placcd. For example, depicted in Figure 23 is suture anchor 12, as previously discussed, dcsigned for insertion into a single diameter bore liolc 232.
Bore hole 232 has a dianieter smaller than the transverse diameter of suture anclior 12 at the tip of barb 90. Accordingly, in onc embodiment, to enable barb 90 to scorc cortical bone layer I 10 and pass into cancollous bone layer 112, suture anchor 12 is coniprised of a very hard material such as, by way of example, titanium or stainlcss steel. in situations where bone 22 is sotter, softer materials can be used for the satne type of placement. Furthermore, where the bone is sufficiently soil, suture anchor 12 or otller cmbodirnents thereof, can be directly driven into bone 22 witliout the fonnation of a borc hole or with only a very small bore hole.
Depicted in Figure 24 is another embodiment of a suture anchor 240. Suturu anchor 240 has a configuration similar to attachmcnt portion 78 of suture anclior 12 and as such like elements arc identified by like reference characters. For example, suture anchor 240 has a body 242 that extends betxveen a proximal end 241 and an opposing distal end 243. Proximal cnd 241 terminates at a proximal end face 248.
Upwardly and outwardly projecting from proximal end face 248 is barb 90. Plow is fornzed on back facc 60 at distal c.'nd 243.
In contrast to attachment portion 78, ltowcver, suturc anchor 240 lias a mounting port 244 transvcrscly cxtunding between opposing flattciied sida walls 67 atid 68 at proximal cnd 241. 7n the embodiment depicted, mounting port 244 has a substantially circular cortfigur-4tion. In alternative embodiments, mounting port 244 can have other polygonal or irregular configurations. Mounting port 244 is formcd sufficiently close to back face 60 and/or proxunal end faec 248 that a frangible support 246 is fomied between mounting port 244 and back face 60 and/or proximal end face 248.
Depicted in Figure 25 is an inserter 250. Inserter 250 comprises a thin elongated shaft 252 having a proximal end 254 and an opposing distal end 256.
Formed at proximal end 254 is handle 36. Orthogonally projecting from distal end 256 is a cylindrical post 258.
During insertion, as depicted in Fiburc 26, post 258 of inserter 250 is initially received within mounting port-244. Inserter 250 is then used to drive suture anchor 240 into bore hole 26 so that barb 90 scores cancellous bone layer 112 as it is received therein.
Once suture anchor 240 is inserted, a withdrawal force is applied to inserter 250 causing suture anchor 240 to rotate within bore hole 26 about post 258.
Suture anchor 240 continues to rotate until a sufficient force is applied by post 258 of inserter 250 on frangible support 246 to produce failure of frangible support 246, as shown in Figure 27. Once frangible support 246 fails, inserter 250 is removed from bore hole 26 and suture line 28 is used to secure the soft tissue.
As can be appreciated from the foregoing, various embodiments of the present invention have a number of benefits over the prior art. By way of example and not by limitation, iri contrast to conventional screw-in anchors, the present invention provides a simple "push-in, pull-out" deployment technique, making installation by the user more fail-proof and efficient. Furthermore, the economical design minimizes the number of parts and the manufacturing and material costs. In addition, some prior art requires rotation of the anchor by manipulation of the suture after the anchor in implanted. The present invention eliminates this additional step of rotation by the suture. Finally, by adjusting the physical properties of the various embodiments, the present invention also has the unique advantage of being securely and reliable deployed in any quality of bone stock or soft tissue mass.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. For example, it is appreciated that the various elements and features of above described suture anchor assemblies can be exchanged between the different embodiments. Furtherinore, expressed alternatives or modifications to one embodiment are also applicable to the other embodiments.
The described embodiments are thus to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Handle 36 is used by the surgeon to hold and manipulate inserter 14 and can come in a variety of different configurations. For example, handle 36 can comprise an enlarged circular disk or have any other desired configuration. In other embodiments, inserter 14 can also be formed without handle 36.
Formed at distal end 34 of shaft 30 is an enlarged head 38. Head 38 has a side wall 40 that extends to an end face 42. Recessed within end face 42 is a substantially cylindrical socket 44 (see Figure 7). A bore 46 extends through side wall 40 to socket 44 and, as discussed below in greater detail, is configured to receive a pin 48. In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that head 38 and shaft 30 can have the same outside diameter. Furthermore, the exterior surface of head 38 and shaft 30 need not be round but can have any desired configuration.
As depicted in Figures 4-6, suture anchor 12 comprises an elongated body 50 having a central longitudinal axis 52 extending therethrough. Body 50 has a proximal end 54 and an opposing distal end 56. Distal end 56 terminates at a tip 57.
Extending between ends 54 and 56, body 50 has a front face 58, an opposing back face 60, and opposing side faces 62 and 64. Body 50 has a substantially circular transverse cross sectional area with a flattened side wall 67 being formed along a longitudinal portion of side face 62 and a flattened side wall 68 being formed along a longitudinal portion of side face 64. Flattened side walls 67 and 68 are disposed in parallel alignment and each extend between a proximal end 69 and an opposing distal end 71. For a given transverse cross section of body 50, the diameter between side walls 67 and 68 is smaller than the diameter between front face 58 and back face 60.
Transversely extending into and/or through proximal end 54 of body 50 is an annular bore 66. As depicted in Figure 7, proximal end 54 of body 50 is configured to be received within socket 44 of inserter 14 such that bores 46 and 66 are aligned. In this configuration, pin 48 is press fit within the aligned bores 46 and 66 so as to securely connect inserter 14 and suture anchor 12 together. In this configuration, central longitudinal axis 52 of suture anchor 12 also centrally extends through shaft 30 of inserter 14.
In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that socket 44 and proximal end 54 of suture anchor 12 can have any desired complementary configurations, such as polygonal or irregular configurations, that enable mating of the parts together. It is also appreciated that the configurations can be reversed such that socket 44 is formed on suture anchor 12.
Furthermore, bores 46 and 66 can have any desired configuration with pin 48 being configured to be received within aligned bores 46 and 66. Bores 46 and/or 66 can also be threaded to engage with a threaded pin 48. In yet other embodiments, it is appreciated that inserter 14 and suture anchor 12 can be rigidly secured together using any of a number of conventional connection methods. For example, the members can be directly crimped, welded, screwed, press fit, clamped, or otherwise secured together such as by the use of an adhesive with or without the use of soclcet 44.
Returning to Figure 5, a slot 70 is formed starting at front face 58 and extending towards back face 60 so as to partially bisect elongated body 50 into two portions. Specifically, body 50 includes a placement portion 76 that extends between proximal end 54 and slot 70 and an attachment portion 78 that extends between slot 70 and distal end 56 of body 50. Attachment portion 78 has an aspect ratio of length-to-width that is greater than one. Slot 70 is bounded between a distal end face 82 of placement portion 76 (also referred to as an upper side wall) and a proximal end face 84 of attachment portion 78 (also referred to as a lower side wall). Each of end faces 82 and 84, and thus also slot 70, transversely extend between opposing side walls 67 and 68.
Slot 70 includes a linear portion 74 that terminates at a downwardly projecting lobe 75. Lobe 75 has an end face 72 which, in the embodiment depicted, is curved. A
frangible strut 80 connects placement portion 76 and attachment portion 78 together.
Frangible strut 80 extends between end face 72 and back face 60.
As discussed below in greater detail, when axis 52 is vertically disposed, proximal end face 84 is substantially disposed in a plane that is typically oriented at an angle a relative to the horizontal in a range between about 20 to about 70 and more commonly between about 30 to about 60 . In alternative embodiments, some of which will be discussed below, proximal end face 84 can be horizontally disposed or positioned at a variety of other angles. Proximal end face 84 can also be curved along a constant or irregular radius. In the embodiment depicted, distal end face 82 is disposed in a plane substantially parallel to proximal end face 84. Distal end face 82 can also be curved along a constant or irregular radius and can be disposed so that a gap 86 formed between end faces 82 and 84 varies or is substantially constant along the length of slot 70.
-.6 -The size of gap 86 is largely a factor of the process used to form slot 70.
For example, in one embodiment, end faces 82 and 84 can be biased together so that slot 70 merely comprises a crack formed therebetween. It is noted, however, that as gap 86 of slot 70 decreases or narrows at end face 72, the localized stress at end face 72 increases. Accordingly, by modifying end face 72 from a relatively large curved face to a narrowing crack, less force is required to propagate slot 70 across frangible strut 80, as will be discussed below. As such, end face 72, partially bounding frangible strut 80, is selectively configured based in part on the desired amount of force needed to produce failure of frangible strut 80. In one embodiment gap 86 may thus be relatively narrow at the mouth thereof adjacent to front face 58 but then widen at end face 72. The amount of force needed to produce failure of frangible strut 80 can also be adjusted by other variables such as the size of frangible strut 80 and the material thereof.
As depicted in Figures 5 and 8, attachment portion 78 comprises an attachment body 88 having a barb 90 outwardly projecting therefrom. Barb 90 has a substantially flat front face 91 that terminates at an elongated sharpened edge 94. In the embodiment depicted, barb 90 outwardly projects from proximal end face 84 at front face 58. In alternative embodiments, it is appreciated that barb 90 can extend from front face 58 at a variety of different locations between slot 70 and distal end 56.
Furthermore, one or more barbs 90 can project from side face 62, side face 64, and/or front face 58 of attachment portion 78.
In one embodiment of the present invention, means are provided for coupling suture line 28 to attachment portion 78. By way of example and not by limitation, extending between flattened side walls 67, 68 on attachment portion 78 is a suture port 96. Suture port 96 allows suture line 28, which can comprise any form of line, to pass through attachment portion 78 (as shown in Figure 2), thereby coupling therewith. In alternative embodiments, the means for coupling suture line 28 can comprise a slot that extends from front face 58, back face 60, or tip 57 of attachment portion 78 into attachment body 88, the slot being configured to receive suture line 28 therein.
In yet other embodiments of the means for coupling, suture port 96 need not extend between side walls 67, 68 but can form a passage that extends into and out of a portion of side wall 67 or side wall 68, the passage being configured to pass suture line 28 therethrough. It is appreciated that passages or holes can also be formed through a number of other locations on attachment portion 78, including barb 90, throush which suture line 28 can bc passed. In addition, suture line 28 can be coupled to attachmcnt portion 78 such as by molding a portion of suture line 28 into attachment portion 78 or by securing suture line 28 to attachment portion 78 by welding, crimping, adhesive, or the like.
Although not requircd, as depicted in Figures 4-6, a plow 98 is formed oti attachment portion 78. Plow 98 comprises a pair of opposing taped faces 100 and 102 that cach extend to a sharpened edge 104. Sharpcncd edge 104 extends frottt tip 52 either to or adjacent to frangible strut 80 along back side 60. In altemativc embodimettts, sliarpeued edge 104 can extend over more or less of atizchment portion 98.
Depicted in Figure 9, bone 22 is shown as having a hard cortical bone layer 110 over a softer cancellous bone layer 112. To facilitate attachtnent of suture anclior 12, bore hole 26 is formed extcnding into bone 22. Bore hole 26 conipriscs a first hole 116 extending througli or at least partially througlt cortical bone layer 110 and a second hole 118 concentrically disposed within the first hole 116 and extending into cancellous bone layer 112. First hole 116 is bounded by an interior surface 117 while second hole 118 is bounded by an interior surface 119. Second hole I 18 has a smaller maximuni diameter than first hole 116 so that a shoulder 121 is forcned thercbctween.
In one eirtbodimcnt, bore hole 26 can be formed by driving a punch 120 into bone 22. Punch 120 is shown having concentrically disposed bits 122 and 124 that are configured complementary to bore hole 26. Alternatively, separate punelles can be used to separatcly form first liole 116 and sccond hole 118. In contrast to using punch 120, a drill bit 126 can be used to form bore hole 26_ Drill bit 126 is also shown as having concentrically dis-posed drilling bits 128 and 130 lhat are confgured complementary to bore hole 26. Separate drill bits can also bc used to separately fortn first holc 116 and second hole 118. Other methods known in the art can also be uscd to form bore lZolc 26. Furthermore, as will be disclosed below, suture anchor 12 can also be placed without the formation of bore hole 26.
As depicted in Figures 10 and 11, by applying an insertion force on inserter in the direction of arrow 138, distal end 56 of suture anclior 12 is initially advanced into secorld holc 118 so that barb 90 is received within first hole 116. In one embodiment, the insertion force is applied aloi)g the central longitudinal axis of suture anchor 12. First hole 116 has a diameter equal to or largcr than the maxiniunt ttansverse diameter of suwre anchor 12 at edge 94 of baria 90 so tl,at tiurb 90 can bc inserted. into first hole 116 without having to score cortical bone Iayer 110.
As used in the specification and appended claims, the terin "score" used in associate with bone means that that portion of the bone is displaced such as by being compressed, sliced, cut, or combinations thereof and the like. In contrast to first hole 116, second hole 118 has a diameter smaller than the maximum transverse diameter of suture anchor 12 at edge 94 of barb 90.
It is further noted with regard to Figure 11 that because the diameter between flattened side walls 67 and 68 is smaller than the diameter between front face 58 and back face 60, a gap 132 is formed between side wall 67 of suture anchor 12 and interior surface 119 of second hole 118. A similar gap 134 is also formed between side wall 68 of suture anchor 12 and interior surface 119 of second hole 118.
Gaps 132 and 134 provide an open space for suture line 28 so that suture line 28 is not damaged as suture anchor 12 is placed and secured within bore hole 26.
Next, as depicted in Figure 12A, additional force is applied to inserter 14 driving all of attachment portion 78 of suture anchor 12 into second hole 118 and thus into cancellous bone layer 112. In so doing, barb 90 scores a portion of cancellous bone 112. In one embodiment, barb 90 scores bone layer 112 to a depth of at least 0.3 mm and more typically to at least 0.5 mm from interior surface 119. This depth can be increased or decreased depending on the intended use of suture anchor 12.
In the act depicted in Figure 12A, second hole 118 is formed to a predefined depth such that the surgeon lcnows that suture anchor 12 is inserted to a proper depth when suture anchor 12 hits the bottom of second hole 118.
Depending on the person and the location at which bore hole 26 is formed, the bone material may be harder or softer. Furthermore, bone closer to joints can have a much thicker layer of the harder cortical bone. Accordingly, as depicted in Figure 12B, where the bone material is harder and/or where suture anchor 12 is made of a softer or more flexible material, as the additional force is applied to inserter 14 driving attachment portion 78 of suture anchor 12 into second hole 118, the force of the bone against barb 90 causes attachment portion 78 to either flex under elastic deformation and/or bend under plastic deforination at frangible strut 80. As a result, a portion of barb 90 and/or proximal end face 84 is biased against distal end face 82. It is noted that in this bent or flexed position, edge 94 of barb 90 still outwardly projects so as to score cancellous bone layer 112.
The supporting of barb 90 and/or proximal end face 84 against distal end face 82 ensures that at least a portion of barb 90 scores bone material during insertion of attachment portion 78 into bone layer 112. Furthermore, the above supporting of barb 90 and/or proximal end face 84 prevents over flexing or bending of frangible strut 80 during the insertion of attaclunent portion 78 which could produce premature failure of frangible strut 80. As such, in one embodimcnt the gap between proximal end facc 84 and distal end face 82 should be sufficiently sntall that barb 90 and/or proxim',11 end face 84 biases against distal end face 82 prior to failurc of frangiblc strut 80.
During some uses, it is appreciatcd that attachment portion 78 may only slightly ben.d or flex so that barb 90 is movcd toward upper side wall 82 but does not contact thcrcwith.
As also depicted in Figure 12B, to help infortn the surgeon as to whcn suture anchoT 12 is fully inserted into bore hoae 26, head 38 of inserter 14 can be fortned with a diameter that is larger than the diameter of first liolc 116. As a result, cnd face 42 of hcad 38 biases against a top surface 136 of bone 22 when suture anchor 12 is fu11y inserted. As such, suture anchor 12 need not contact tho bottom of bore ltolc 26.
Ncxt, as depicted in Figure 13, once attaehment portion 78 is inserted within second hole 118, a upward withdrawal force is applied to inserter 14 in the diroetion of arrow 140. As the withdrawal force is applied, barb 90 penotratc;s into the bone matcriaI. Barb 90 acts as a pivot point causing distal end 56 of attachnient portion 78 to rotate clockwise (in the view shown in Figure 13) so that plow 98 also penetrates into the bone material. Attachment portion 78 continues to rotate until frangible strut 80 is bent or othcrwise deformed to such an extent that it fnils, thereby separating placement portion 76 of suture anchor 12 from attachment portion 78.
As prcviously discussed, frangible strut 80 and/or the configuration of slot adjacent thereto can be selectivcly modified so that frangiblc strut 80 fails upon the application of a predefined withdrawal force. This predefined withdrawal force that produces failurc of frangible strut 80 can be different for differcnt cmbodiments and for different uses. In one ctnbodiment, this predefnccl withdrawal is in a range between about 2 lbs to about 30 lbs with about 5 lbs to about 10 lbs being more preferred, In otlicr embodiments, the force can be greater or smaller.
As depicted in Figure 14, once frangible strut 80 fails, placement portion 76 of suture anclior 12 is removed from bore hole 26 with inserter 14. As a result of the rotation of attachment portion 78 within the bone material, attachment portion rcmains secured within the bone material. In this position, suture line 28 passes through suture port 96 and extends out of bore holc 26.
Finally, as depicted in Figurc 15, suture line 28 is used in any oF a numher.
of convenntional mann.ers to sccure free end 20 of ligament 18 to bone 22.
In one embodiment of the present invention, means are provided for connecting placement portion 76 to attaehment portion 78 such that wlien an insertion force is applied to placement portion 76 and attachment portion 78 as they are being directed into the bore hole, barb 90 scoxes at least a portion of the bone bounding the 5 bore hole while maintaining connection between placement portion 76 and attachnient portion 78 and when a withdrawal force, substantially opposite of the insertion force, is applied to placement portion 76 and attaclunent portion 78, attachment portion 78 rotates within the bore liole causing placement portion 76 and attacliment portion 78 to discontiect. By way of example and not by iiinitation one embodiment of sucli 10 means for connecting comprises frangible strut 80 as diseussed above.
Alternative embodiments of the means for connecting include the alternative frangible strut placements, configurations, and connections as discussed berein. For example, such alternatives include the frangible struts as discussed below with rcgard to Figures 16 -18 and 22.
Depicted in Figure 16 is an alternative cmbodiment of a suture anchor 150 that operates in substautially the same way as suture anchor 12. Like elements bctwcen suture anchor 150 and suture anchor 12 are identified by like reference characters. In contrast to suture anchor 12, suture anchor 150 has a bisecting slot 152 that extends horizotitally into body 50 instead of at a downward angle_ Alternativcly, as depicted by da~hcd lincs 154, the slot can also upwardly extend into body 50.
Projecting from front face 58 of attachment portion 78 is a barla 156. In contrast to barb 90 of suture anchor 12, barb 156 is disposed below slot 152 so as itot to be dircctly bounded.tliereby. I'urthermore, in contrast to flattened sidewalls 67 anc!
68 of suture anchor 12, a grooved channel 156 extends along eacii side of suture anclior 150 so as to intersect with suture port 69. Grooved channels 156 are configured to receive suture line 28.
Depictcd in Figure 17 is an alternative embodimcnt of a suture anclior 160.
Suture anchor 160 is similar to suture anchor 150 except that slot 152 extends from back face 60 toward front face 58. Again, slot 152 esin be oriented at virtually any angle. In this embodiment, frangible strut 80 is forrned along front face 58.
Barb 156 projccts from front face 58 below frangible sirut 80. In yet anothcr altarnative embodiment, it is appreciated that separate slots can project from both front face 58 and back face 60 so that the $angible sttut is formed between the opposing slots.
Depicted in Figure 18 is another altennative embodiment of a suture anchor 170. Like elelnents bctwcen suture anchor 170 and suture anchor 12 are identified by like reference characters. Suture anchor 170 is distinguished from suture anchor 12 in that it comprises a back face 172 that includes a substantially linear first portion 174 that extends along placement portion 76, an outwardly sloping transition shoulder 176, and a second portion 178. Transition shoulder 176 generally begins to outwardly slope from first portion 174 at or just below the intended failure location of frangible strut 80. Alternatively, frangible strut 80 can also be designed to fail at a point along transition shoulder 176. Suture anchor 170 has a maximum diameter D, that transversely extends between back face 172 of attachment portion 78 and the tip of barb 90.
Suture anchor 170 is placed by initially forming a single diameter bore hole 180 in bone 22, as depicted in Figure 19. Bore hole 180 is bounded by an annular side wall 181 having a substantially constant diameter D2. Diameter D2 of bore hole 180 is smaller than diameter D, of suture anchor 170. Bore hole 180 can be formed using any conventional method.
Next, suture anchor 170 is inserted into bore hole 180 by applying a force in the direction of arrow 182 on inserter 14. As suture anchor 170 is advanced within bore hole 180, barb 90 contacts side wall 181 thereof. As additional force is applied, barb 90 causes attachment portion 78 to rotate slightly counter-clockwise (based on the view in Figure 19) by either resiliently flexing under elastic deformation or bending under plastic deformation at frangible strut 80. In one embodiment using this configuration, depending on the hardness of the bone and the compositional material of suture anchor 170, all or substantially all of attachment portion 78, including barb 90, is received within bore hole 180 so that minimal or no scoring of bone 22 is produced but that attachment portion 78 is held within bore hole 180 by frictional engagement. In an alternative embodiment, attachment portion 78 can resiliently rotate in a clockwise direction once barb 90 passes cortical bone layer 110 so that barb 90 scores cancellous bone layer 112 as it is received therein.
As depicted in Figure 20, once attachment portion 78 of suture anchor 170 is fully received within bore hole 180 to a desired depth, a withdrawal force, depicted by arrow 184, is applied to inserter 14. As a result, attachment portion 78 rotates cloclcwise within bore hole 180 (based on the view in Figure 20) so that attachment portion 78 lodges by penetrating into bone 22. Attachment portion 78 continues to rotate until the failure of frangible strut 80. Suture line 28 can then be used to secure soft tissue in the same manner as previously discussed with regard to Figure 15.
It is appreciated that each of the various suture anchor embodiments discussed above can also have a variety of different transverse cross sectional configurations.
By way of example and not by limitation, as depicted in Figure 21A, which is a view comparable to Figure 11, a suture anchor 190 is shown having a barb 192 that angles to a ten.ninal point 194. Barb 192 is in contrast to barb 90 shown in Figure 4 wherein barb 90 terminates at a linear edge 94.
In another embodiment, depicted in Figure 21B, a suture anchor 196 is shown having a body 198 having a transverse cross sectional area that is substantially eye shaped. In this embodiment, body 198 has opposing curved side walls 200 and that extend between a front edge 204 and a back edge 206. The edges 204 and assist in cutting into bone 22 when the corresponding attachment portion is rotated.
Suture anchor 196 is shown having barb 192 that terminates at point 194, as discussed with Figure 21A, but could also have barb 90 as discussed with suture anchor 12.
The various suture anchors of the present invention can be made in a variety of different ways using a variety of one or more different materials. By way of example and not by limitation, the various suture anchors can be made from medical grade bioabsorbable or non-absorbable materials. Examples of bioabsorbable materials include homopolymers and copolymers of lactide, glycolide, trimethylene carbonate, caprolactone, and p-dioxanone and blends or other combinations thereof and equivalents thereof. Examples of non-absorbable materials include metals such as stainless steel, titanium, Nitinol, cobalt, alloys thereof, and equivalents thereof and polymeric materials such as non-absorbable polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins, polyurethanes, and polyacetals and equivalents thereof.
In one embodiment, inserter 14 is made from the same material as the suture anchor or is made from a different material but one that is still a medical grade material, such as those discussed above. Alternatively, since inserter 14 is typically not inserted into the body of a patient, to minimize the cost of the suture anchor assembly, inserter 14 can also be made from a less expensive non-medical grade material. The material can be a metal, plastic, composite or the like. By making inserter 14 out of a less expensive material, it becomes economical to simply dispose of inserter 14 and the placement portion which is secured thereto once the attachment portion is separated. Inserter 14 and the suture anchor are disclosed as separate elements that are coupled together so that if desired, they can be made from different materials. Alternatively, inserter 14 and the suture anchor can be integrally formed as Furthermore, in one embodiment each of the suture anchors discussed above, which each comprise a placement portion, attachment portion and frangible strut, are integrally formed as a single member. As used in the specification and appended claims, the term "integrally" is intended to mean that the associated element comprises a single continuous member as opposed to two or more members that are somehow connected together. In contrast to being integrally formed, however, the various suture anchors of the present invention can also be formed 'of separate elements that are connected together. For example, depicted in Figure 22 is a suture anchor assembly 210 that includes an inserter 212 and a suture anchor 214.
Suture anchor 214 includes a placement portion 216 and an attachment portion 218.
Inserter 212 and placement portion 216 are integrally formed as a single unit. A flange stop 221 radially outwardly projects at the intersection of inserter 212 and placement portion 216. Placement portion 216 and attachment portion 218, however, are separate elements that are connected together.
More specifically, placement portion 216 has a distal end 219 that terminates at a distal end face 220. Downwardly projecting from distal end face 220 is a frangible strut 222. Attachment portion 218 has a proximal end 224 that terminates at a proximal end face 226. Forined on proximal end face 226 is a socket 228.
Socket 228 is configured to receive at least a portion of frangible strut 222 therein. In this position, distal end face 220 and proximal end face 226 can be biased together or a space can be formed therebetween. Frangible strut 222 is secured within socket such as by a press fitting, welding, adhesive, crimping or the like.
Furthermore, the positioning of frangible strut 222 and socket 228 can be reversed.
Furthermore, frangible strut 222 can be independently connected to both placement portion 216 and attachment portion 218.
Placement portion 216 is secured to attachnlent portion 218 such that attachment portion 218 can be secured within a bore hole such as by using one of the methods described herein. In this regard, attachinent portion 218 can be formed with a barb 230, as depicted by the dashed lines, or without. Where attachment portion 218 is formed without barb 230, the bore hole is sized to sufficiently tightly receive attachment portion 218 on insertion so that attachment portion 218 rotates within the bore hole upon application of the extraction force as opposed to simply pulling out of the bore hole.
Each of the elements of the various suture anchor assemblies can be made from injection molding or other forins of molding. Furthermore, each of the various elements can be made by cutting or otherwise shaping extruded or other formed nzembers.
It is also appreciated that the method of placement can also vary based on the type of material from which the suture anchor is made and the type of bone in which the suture anchor is placcd. For example, depicted in Figure 23 is suture anchor 12, as previously discussed, dcsigned for insertion into a single diameter bore liolc 232.
Bore hole 232 has a dianieter smaller than the transverse diameter of suture anclior 12 at the tip of barb 90. Accordingly, in onc embodiment, to enable barb 90 to scorc cortical bone layer I 10 and pass into cancollous bone layer 112, suture anchor 12 is coniprised of a very hard material such as, by way of example, titanium or stainlcss steel. in situations where bone 22 is sotter, softer materials can be used for the satne type of placement. Furthermore, where the bone is sufficiently soil, suture anchor 12 or otller cmbodirnents thereof, can be directly driven into bone 22 witliout the fonnation of a borc hole or with only a very small bore hole.
Depicted in Figure 24 is another embodiment of a suture anchor 240. Suturu anchor 240 has a configuration similar to attachmcnt portion 78 of suture anclior 12 and as such like elements arc identified by like reference characters. For example, suture anchor 240 has a body 242 that extends betxveen a proximal end 241 and an opposing distal end 243. Proximal cnd 241 terminates at a proximal end face 248.
Upwardly and outwardly projecting from proximal end face 248 is barb 90. Plow is fornzed on back facc 60 at distal c.'nd 243.
In contrast to attachment portion 78, ltowcver, suturc anchor 240 lias a mounting port 244 transvcrscly cxtunding between opposing flattciied sida walls 67 atid 68 at proximal cnd 241. 7n the embodiment depicted, mounting port 244 has a substantially circular cortfigur-4tion. In alternative embodiments, mounting port 244 can have other polygonal or irregular configurations. Mounting port 244 is formcd sufficiently close to back face 60 and/or proxunal end faec 248 that a frangible support 246 is fomied between mounting port 244 and back face 60 and/or proximal end face 248.
Depicted in Figure 25 is an inserter 250. Inserter 250 comprises a thin elongated shaft 252 having a proximal end 254 and an opposing distal end 256.
Formed at proximal end 254 is handle 36. Orthogonally projecting from distal end 256 is a cylindrical post 258.
During insertion, as depicted in Fiburc 26, post 258 of inserter 250 is initially received within mounting port-244. Inserter 250 is then used to drive suture anchor 240 into bore hole 26 so that barb 90 scores cancellous bone layer 112 as it is received therein.
Once suture anchor 240 is inserted, a withdrawal force is applied to inserter 250 causing suture anchor 240 to rotate within bore hole 26 about post 258.
Suture anchor 240 continues to rotate until a sufficient force is applied by post 258 of inserter 250 on frangible support 246 to produce failure of frangible support 246, as shown in Figure 27. Once frangible support 246 fails, inserter 250 is removed from bore hole 26 and suture line 28 is used to secure the soft tissue.
As can be appreciated from the foregoing, various embodiments of the present invention have a number of benefits over the prior art. By way of example and not by limitation, iri contrast to conventional screw-in anchors, the present invention provides a simple "push-in, pull-out" deployment technique, making installation by the user more fail-proof and efficient. Furthermore, the economical design minimizes the number of parts and the manufacturing and material costs. In addition, some prior art requires rotation of the anchor by manipulation of the suture after the anchor in implanted. The present invention eliminates this additional step of rotation by the suture. Finally, by adjusting the physical properties of the various embodiments, the present invention also has the unique advantage of being securely and reliable deployed in any quality of bone stock or soft tissue mass.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. For example, it is appreciated that the various elements and features of above described suture anchor assemblies can be exchanged between the different embodiments. Furtherinore, expressed alternatives or modifications to one embodiment are also applicable to the other embodiments.
The described embodiments are thus to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (42)
1. A suture anchor assembly comprising:
a suture anchor comprising:
an elongated placement portion having a proximal end and an opposing distal end; and an elongated attachment portion having a proximal end, an opposing distal end, and an outwardly projecting barb, the distal end of the placement portion being frangibly connected to the proximal end of the attachment portion, the placement portion and the attachment portion being integrally formed together as a single member which is comprised of a first material; and an elongated inserter coupled to the proximal end of the placement portion, the inserter being comprised of a second material, the second material being different from the first material.
a suture anchor comprising:
an elongated placement portion having a proximal end and an opposing distal end; and an elongated attachment portion having a proximal end, an opposing distal end, and an outwardly projecting barb, the distal end of the placement portion being frangibly connected to the proximal end of the attachment portion, the placement portion and the attachment portion being integrally formed together as a single member which is comprised of a first material; and an elongated inserter coupled to the proximal end of the placement portion, the inserter being comprised of a second material, the second material being different from the first material.
2. A suture anchor assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a frangible strut extending between the attachment portion and the placement portion, the strut being integrally formed with the attachment portion and the placement portion.
3. A suture anchor assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein a slot is bounded between the attachment portion and the placement portion adjacent to the frangible strut.
4. A suture anchor assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising means for coupling a suture line to the attachment portion.
5. A suture anchor assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the attachment portion and the placement portion are comprised of a bioabsorbable material.
6. A suture anchor assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein the attachment portion has a front face and an opposing back face each extending between the proximal end and the opposing distal end thereof, the barb outwardly projecting from the front face of the body.
7. A suture anchor assembly as recited in claim 6, further comprising a tapered plow formed on the back face of the attachment portion.
8. A suture anchor for attachment to a bone, the suture anchor comprising:
an elongated body having a first face and an opposing second face each longitudinally extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, the body having a central longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the opposing distal end;
a slot starting at the first face and extending towards the second face so as to partially bisect the elongated body, the slot being bounded by an upper side wall and a lower side wall;
a frangible strut extending between the slot and the second face of the body, the frangible strut forming a portion of the body; and a barb outwardly projecting from the first face or the second face of the body at a location distal of at least a portion of the slot, the body having a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at the location of the barb with a maximum first diameter and a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at a location distal of the barb with a maximum second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.
an elongated body having a first face and an opposing second face each longitudinally extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, the body having a central longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the opposing distal end;
a slot starting at the first face and extending towards the second face so as to partially bisect the elongated body, the slot being bounded by an upper side wall and a lower side wall;
a frangible strut extending between the slot and the second face of the body, the frangible strut forming a portion of the body; and a barb outwardly projecting from the first face or the second face of the body at a location distal of at least a portion of the slot, the body having a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at the location of the barb with a maximum first diameter and a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at a location distal of the barb with a maximum second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.
9. A suture anchor as recited in claim 8, further comprising means for coupling a suture line to the body at a location distal of the slot.
10. A suture anchor as recited in claim 9, wherein the means for securing the suture line comprises a suture port extending through the body at the location distal of the slot.
11. A suture anchor as recited in any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the slot bounds at least a portion of a surface of the barb.
12. A suture anchor according to any one of claims 8 to 11, further comprising a tapered plow formed on the second face of the body.
13. A suture anchor according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the slot terminates at a rounded end face that at least partially bounds the frangible strut.
14. A suture anchor according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the body is comprised of the frangible strut, an attachment portion disposed distal of the slot; and a placement portion disposed proximal of the slot.
15. A suture anchor as recited in claim 14, wherein the attachment portion, placement portion, and frangible strut comprise a unitary integral member.
16. A suture anchor as recited in claim 15, wherein the attachment portion, placement portion, and frangible strut are each comprised of a bioabsorbable material.
17. A suture anchor as recited in claim 14, wherein the frangible strut projects from one of the placement portion or the attachment portion and connects with the other thereof.
18. A suture anchor for use within a bore hole formed in a bone, the suture anchor comprising:
a placement portion;
an attachment portion comprising a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom, the barb being adapted to score at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole as the attachment portion is being inserted within the bore hole;
and means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment portion such that when an insertion force is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion as they are being directed into the bore hole, the barb scores at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole while maintaining connection between the placement portion and the attachment portion and when a withdrawal force, substantially opposite of the insertion force, is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion, the attachment portion rotates within the bore hole causing the placement portion and the attachment portion to disconnect.
a placement portion;
an attachment portion comprising a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom, the barb being adapted to score at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole as the attachment portion is being inserted within the bore hole;
and means for connecting the placement portion to the attachment portion such that when an insertion force is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion as they are being directed into the bore hole, the barb scores at least a portion of the bone bounding the bore hole while maintaining connection between the placement portion and the attachment portion and when a withdrawal force, substantially opposite of the insertion force, is applied to the placement portion and the attachment portion, the attachment portion rotates within the bore hole causing the placement portion and the attachment portion to disconnect.
19. A suture anchor as recited in claim 18, wherein the means for connecting comprises a frangible strut extending between the placement portion and the attachment portion.
20. A suture anchor as recited in claim 19, wherein a slot bounded between the attachment portion and the placement portion is formed adjacent to the frangible strut.
21. A suture anchor as recited in claim 19, wherein the attachment portion, placement portion, and frangible strut comprise a unitary integral member.
22. A suture anchor as recited in claim 19, wherein the attachment portion, placement portion, and frangible strut are each comprised of a bioabsorbable material.
23. A suture anchor as recited in claim 19, wherein the frangible strut projects from one of the placement portion or the attachment portion and connects with the other thereof.
24. A suture anchor as recited in any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the body of the attachment portion has a front face and an opposing back face each extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, the barb outwardly projecting from the front face of the body.
25. A suture anchor as recited in claim 24, further comprising a tapered plow formed on the back face of the attachment portion.
26. A suture anchor as recited in any one of claims 18 to 25, further comprising a suture port extending through the attachment portion.
27. A suture anchor as recited in any one of claims 18 to 25, further comprising means for coupling a suture line to the attachment portion.
28. A suture anchor as recited in any one of claims 18 to 27, further comprising an elongated inserter attached to the placement portion, the inserter being comprised of a material different than that of the placement portion.
29. A suture anchor for attachment to a bone, the suture anchor comprising:
an elongated body having a first face and an opposing second face each longitudinally extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, the body having a central longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the opposing distal end;
a slot starting at the first face and extending towards the second face so as to partially bisect the elongated body, the slot being bounded by an upper side wall and a lower side wall;
a frangible strut extending between the slot and the second face of the body, the frangible strut forming a portion of the body; and a barb outwardly projecting from the first face or the second face of the body at a location distal of at least a portion of the slot, the body having a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at the location of the barb with a maximum first diameter and a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at a location distal of the barb with a maximum second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.
an elongated body having a first face and an opposing second face each longitudinally extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, the body having a central longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the opposing distal end;
a slot starting at the first face and extending towards the second face so as to partially bisect the elongated body, the slot being bounded by an upper side wall and a lower side wall;
a frangible strut extending between the slot and the second face of the body, the frangible strut forming a portion of the body; and a barb outwardly projecting from the first face or the second face of the body at a location distal of at least a portion of the slot, the body having a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at the location of the barb with a maximum first diameter and a transverse cross section substantially normal to the longitudinal axis at a location distal of the barb with a maximum second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.
30. A suture anchor as recited in claim 29, further comprising means for coupling a suture line to the body at a location distal of the slot.
31. A suture anchor as recited in claim 30, wherein the means for securing the suture line comprises a suture port transversely extending through the body at the location distal of the slot so that the suture port is at least substantially normal to the longitudinal axis.
32. A suture anchor as recited in claim 29, wherein the slot bounds at least a portion of a surface of the barb.
33. A suture anchor as recited in claim 29, further comprising a tapered plow formed on the second face of the body.
34. A suture anchor as recited in claim 29, further comprising an inserter securely coupled with the body, the inserter being comprised of a material different than the body.
35. A suture anchor as recited in claim 29, wherein the slot terminates at a rounded end face that at least partially bounds the frangible strut.
36. A suture anchor as recited in claim 29, wherein the body comprises a first side face at least substantially disposed in a first plane and a second side face at least substantially disposed in a second plane, the first plane and the second plane being disposed in parallel alignment.
37. A suture anchor as recited in claim 29, wherein the body has a longitudinal section having a transverse cross section normal to the longitudinal axis, the transverse cross section being substantially round with opposing side faces, the side faces being at least substantially straight or concaved.
38. A suture anchor assembly comprising:
an elongated inserter having a post outwardly projecting from an end thereof;
and a suture anchor comprising a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom, the body comprising a first side and an opposing second side each extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, the body bounding a mounting port extending from the first side to or toward the second side, the post of the inserter being rotatably disposed within the mounting port, at least a portion of the body bounding the mounting port being selectively frangible to enable separation of the inserter and the suture anchor.
an elongated inserter having a post outwardly projecting from an end thereof;
and a suture anchor comprising a body having a barb outwardly projecting therefrom, the body comprising a first side and an opposing second side each extending between a proximal end and an opposing distal end, the body bounding a mounting port extending from the first side to or toward the second side, the post of the inserter being rotatably disposed within the mounting port, at least a portion of the body bounding the mounting port being selectively frangible to enable separation of the inserter and the suture anchor.
39. A suture anchor assembly as recited in claim 38, further comprising means for coupling a suture line to the suture anchor.
40. A suture anchor assembly as recited in claim 38, wherein the barb is adapted to score bone upon insertion of the suture anchor within a bore hole formed in the bone.
41. A suture anchor assembly as recited in claim 38, wherein the means for coupling a suture line to the suture anchor comprises a suture port extending from the first side of the body to the opposing second side.
42. A suture anchor assembly as recited in claim 38, wherein the inserter comprises an elongated shaft having the post projecting substantially orthogonally from an end thereof.
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PCT/US2002/033100 WO2003045255A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 | 2002-10-17 | Suture anchor |
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-
2001
- 2001-11-21 US US09/990,033 patent/US6645227B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-10-17 WO PCT/US2002/033100 patent/WO2003045255A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-17 EP EP02803962.6A patent/EP1446056B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-17 CA CA002466476A patent/CA2466476C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-17 AU AU2002335059A patent/AU2002335059B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-07-31 US US10/631,141 patent/US20040098051A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-11-14 US US11/274,872 patent/US7641672B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO2003045255A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
US20030097150A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
US20060064127A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
US7641672B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
AU2002335059A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
EP1446056B1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
AU2002335059B2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1446056A4 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
US6645227B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
EP1446056A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
CA2466476A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
US20040098051A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
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