CA2293650A1 - Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security - Google Patents

Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2293650A1
CA2293650A1 CA002293650A CA2293650A CA2293650A1 CA 2293650 A1 CA2293650 A1 CA 2293650A1 CA 002293650 A CA002293650 A CA 002293650A CA 2293650 A CA2293650 A CA 2293650A CA 2293650 A1 CA2293650 A1 CA 2293650A1
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Prior art keywords
code
application
obfuscating
logic
transformation
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Granted
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CA002293650A
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French (fr)
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CA2293650C (en
Inventor
Christian Sven Collberg
Clark David Thomborson
Douglas Wai Kok Low
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Intertrust Technologies Corp
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Individual
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Publication of CA2293650A1 publication Critical patent/CA2293650A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • G06F21/12—Protecting executable software
    • G06F21/14—Protecting executable software against software analysis or reverse engineering, e.g. by obfuscation

Abstract

The present invention provides obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security. In one embodiment, a method for obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security includes selecting a subset of code (e.g., compiled source code of an application) to obfuscate, and obfuscating the selected subset of the code. The obfuscating includes applying an obfuscating transformation to the selected subset of the code. The transformed code can be weakly equivalent to the untransformed code. The applied transformation can be selected based on a desired level of security (e.g., resistance to reverse engineering). The applied transformation can include a control transformation that can be creating using opaque constructs, which can be constructed using aliasing and concurrency techniques. Accordingly, the code can be obfuscated for enhanced software security based on a desired level of obfuscation (e.g., based on a desired potency, resilience, and cost).

Claims (20)

1. A computer implemented method for obfuscating code, comprising:
selecting a subset of the code to obfuscate;
selecting an obfuscating transform to apply;
and applying the transformation, wherein the transformed code provides weak equivalence to the untransformed code.
2. The computer implemented method of Claim 1, further comprising:
identifying one or more source code input files corresponding to source code for the code of an application to be processed;
selecting a required level of obfuscation (the potency);
selecting a maximum execution time or space penalty (the cost);
reading and parsing the input files;
providing information identifying data types, data structures, and control structures used by the application to be processed;
selecting and applying obfuscating transformations to source code objects until the required potency has been achieved or the maximum cost has been exceeded; and outputting the transformed code of the application.
3. The method of Claim 1, wherein the transformation comprises an opaque construct, the opaque construct being constructed using aliasing and concurrency techniques.
4. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
outputting information about obfuscating transformations applied to the obfuscated code and information relating obfuscated code of a transformed application to source code of the application.
5. The method of Claim 1, wherein the transformation is selected to preserve the observable behavior of the code of an application.
6. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
deobfuscating the code, the deobfuscating the code comprising removing any obfuscations from the obfuscated code of an application by use of slicing, partial evaluation, dataflow analysis, or statistical analysis.
7. A computer program embodied on a computer-readable medium for obfuscating code, comprising:
logic that selects a subset of the code to obfuscate;

logic that selects an obfuscating transform to apply; and logic that applies the transformation, wherein the transformed code provides weak equivalence to the untransformed code.
8. The computer program of Claim 7, further comprising:
logic that identifies one or more source code input files corresponding to source code for the code of an application to be processed;
logic that selects a required level of obfuscation (the potency);
logic that selects a maximum execution time or space penalty (the cost);
logic that reads and parses the input files;
logic that provides information identifying data types, data structures, and control structures used by the application to be processed;
logic that selects and applies obfuscating transformations to source code objects until the required potency has been achieved or the maximum cost has been exceeded; and logic that outputs the transformed code of the application.
9. The computer program of Claim 7, wherein the transformation comprises an opaque construct, the opaque construct being constructed using aliasing and concurrency techniques.
10. The computer program of Claim 7, further comprising:
logic that outputs information about obfuscating transformations applied to the obfuscated code and information relating obfuscated code of a transformed application to source code of the application.
11. The computer program of Claim 7, wherein the transformation is selected to preserve the observable behavior of the code of an application.
12. The computer program of Claim 7, further comprising:
logic that deobfuscates the code, the deobfuscating the code comprising removing any obfuscations from the obfuscated code of an application by use of slicing, partial evaluation, dataflow analysis, or statistical analysis.
13. An apparatus for obfuscating code, comprising:
means for selecting a subset of the code to obfuscate;
means for selecting an obfuscating transform to apply; and means for applying the transformation, wherein the transformed code provides weak equivalence to the untransformed code.
14. The apparatus of Claim 13, further comprising:
means for identifying one or more source code input files corresponding to source code for the code of an application to be processed;
means for selecting a required level of obfuscation (the potency);
means for selecting a maximum execution time or space penalty (the cost);
means for reading and parsing the input files;
means for providing information identifying data types, data structures, and control structures used by the application to be processed;
means for selecting and applying obfuscating transformations to source code objects until the required potency has been achieved or the maximum cost has been exceeded; and means for outputting the transformed code of the application.
15. The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the transformation comprises an opaque construct, the opaque construct being constructed using aliasing and concurrency techniques.
16. The apparatus of Claim 13, further comprising:
means for outputting information about obfuscating transformations applied to the obfuscated code and information relating obfuscated code of a transformed application to source code of the application.
17. The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the transformation is selected to preserve the observable behavior of the code of an application.
18. The apparatus of Claim 13, further comprising:
means for deobfuscating the code, the deobfuscating the code comprising removing any obfuscations from the obfuscated code of an application by use of slicing, partial evaluation, dataflow analysis, or statistical analysis.
19. The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the code comprises Java TM bytecode.
20. The apparatus of Claim 13, wherein the transformation provides a data obfuscation, a control obfuscation, or a preventive obfuscation.
CA2293650A 1997-06-09 1998-06-09 Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security Expired - Lifetime CA2293650C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ328057 1997-06-09
NZ32805797 1997-06-09
PCT/US1998/012017 WO1999001815A1 (en) 1997-06-09 1998-06-09 Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2293650A1 true CA2293650A1 (en) 1999-01-14
CA2293650C CA2293650C (en) 2012-09-25

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CA2293650A Expired - Lifetime CA2293650C (en) 1997-06-09 1998-06-09 Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security

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US (1) US6668325B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0988591A1 (en)
JP (1) JP4739465B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1260055A (en)
AU (1) AU7957998A (en)
CA (1) CA2293650C (en)
WO (1) WO1999001815A1 (en)

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