CA2142606C - Papermaking belt having semicontinuous pattern and paper made thereon - Google Patents
Papermaking belt having semicontinuous pattern and paper made thereonInfo
- Publication number
- CA2142606C CA2142606C CA002142606A CA2142606A CA2142606C CA 2142606 C CA2142606 C CA 2142606C CA 002142606 A CA002142606 A CA 002142606A CA 2142606 A CA2142606 A CA 2142606A CA 2142606 C CA2142606 C CA 2142606C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- protuberances
- belt
- cellulosic fibrous
- pattern
- fibrous structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/006—Making patterned paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/90—Papermaking press felts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/902—Woven fabric for papermaking drier section
Abstract
A secondary belt for papermaking. The belt has a frame-work of protuberances (20) arranged in a semicontinuous pattern to provide a semicontinuous pattern of deflection conduits (40). The semicontinuous pattern is distingushed from the discrete and continuous patterns of the prior art. The protuberances may be generally parallel, or may provide individual cells within the deflection conduits between the protuberances. Also disclosed is the paper made on such a scondary belt.
Description
w o 94/04750 2 1 1 2 D O U PCl/US93/07629 PAPERMAKING BELT HAVING SEMICONTINUOUS PATTERN
AND PAPER MADE THEREON
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to belts used for making cellulosic fibrous structures, such as paper. Particularly this invention relates to a belt used in a through-air drying process for making cellulosic fibrous structures, and more particularly to a belt having a particular pattern thereon which imparts properties to the paper in a like pattern.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cellulosic fibrous structures, such as paper, are well known in the art. For example, cellulosic fibrous structures are a staple of every day life and are found in facial tissues, toilet tissue, and paper toweling.
One advancement in the art of cellulosic fibrous structures is cellulosic fibrous structures having multiple regions. A cellulosic fibrous structure is considered to have multiple regions when one region of the cellulosic fibrous structure differs in either basis weight, density, or both from another region of the cellulosic fibrous structure.
Multiple regions within a cellulosic fibrous structure can provide several advantages, such as economization of materials, increasing certain desirable properties and decreasing certain undesirable properties. However, the apparatus used to manufacture the multiple region cellulosic fibrous structure will greatly influence these properties.
Specifically a secondary belt, or comparable other apparatus, can affect the properties imparted to the cellulosic fibrous structure. As used herein, a "secondary apparatus" or a "secondary belt" refers to an apparatus or a belt, respectively, having an embryonic web contacting surface and which is used to carry or otherwise process an embryonic web WO 94/04750 PCT/US93/07'~9 21426U~ 2 of cellulosic fibers after initial formation in the wet end of the papermaking machinery. A secondary belt may include, without limitation, a belt used for molding an embryonic web of the cellulosic fibrous structure, a through-air drying belt, a belt used to transfer the embryonic web to another component in the papermaking machinery, or a backing wire used in the wet end of the papermaking machinery (such as a twin-wire former) for purposes other than initial formation. An apparatus or belt according to the present invention does not include embossing rolls, which deform dry fibers after fiber-to-fiber bonding has taken place. Of course, a cellulosic fibrous structure according to the present invention may be later embossed, or may remain unembossed.
As an example of how a secondary belt may input specific properties to a cellulosic fibrous structure, a wet molded and through-air dried cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to Figure 4 of commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued April 30, 1985 to Johnson, et al. may experience less curling at the edges than a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,528,239 issued July 9, 1985 to Trokhan.
Conversely, a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent may have a greater burst strength than a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to Figure 4 of the aforementioned Johnson, et al. patent.
This difference in performance relative to properties such as absorbency and burst strength may be attributed to the pattern of the drying belt used in wet molding and the through-air drying process to make the respective cellulosic fibrous structures. A cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to Figure 4 of the afore-mentioned Johnson, et al. patent will have discrete high density regions and essentially continuous low density regions. Conversely, a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the afore-mentioned Trokhan patent will have continuous high density regions and discrete low density regions. This difference in the pattern of the regions influences other properties of the respective cellulosic fibrous structures as well.
AND PAPER MADE THEREON
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to belts used for making cellulosic fibrous structures, such as paper. Particularly this invention relates to a belt used in a through-air drying process for making cellulosic fibrous structures, and more particularly to a belt having a particular pattern thereon which imparts properties to the paper in a like pattern.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cellulosic fibrous structures, such as paper, are well known in the art. For example, cellulosic fibrous structures are a staple of every day life and are found in facial tissues, toilet tissue, and paper toweling.
One advancement in the art of cellulosic fibrous structures is cellulosic fibrous structures having multiple regions. A cellulosic fibrous structure is considered to have multiple regions when one region of the cellulosic fibrous structure differs in either basis weight, density, or both from another region of the cellulosic fibrous structure.
Multiple regions within a cellulosic fibrous structure can provide several advantages, such as economization of materials, increasing certain desirable properties and decreasing certain undesirable properties. However, the apparatus used to manufacture the multiple region cellulosic fibrous structure will greatly influence these properties.
Specifically a secondary belt, or comparable other apparatus, can affect the properties imparted to the cellulosic fibrous structure. As used herein, a "secondary apparatus" or a "secondary belt" refers to an apparatus or a belt, respectively, having an embryonic web contacting surface and which is used to carry or otherwise process an embryonic web WO 94/04750 PCT/US93/07'~9 21426U~ 2 of cellulosic fibers after initial formation in the wet end of the papermaking machinery. A secondary belt may include, without limitation, a belt used for molding an embryonic web of the cellulosic fibrous structure, a through-air drying belt, a belt used to transfer the embryonic web to another component in the papermaking machinery, or a backing wire used in the wet end of the papermaking machinery (such as a twin-wire former) for purposes other than initial formation. An apparatus or belt according to the present invention does not include embossing rolls, which deform dry fibers after fiber-to-fiber bonding has taken place. Of course, a cellulosic fibrous structure according to the present invention may be later embossed, or may remain unembossed.
As an example of how a secondary belt may input specific properties to a cellulosic fibrous structure, a wet molded and through-air dried cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to Figure 4 of commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued April 30, 1985 to Johnson, et al. may experience less curling at the edges than a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,528,239 issued July 9, 1985 to Trokhan.
Conversely, a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent may have a greater burst strength than a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to Figure 4 of the aforementioned Johnson, et al. patent.
This difference in performance relative to properties such as absorbency and burst strength may be attributed to the pattern of the drying belt used in wet molding and the through-air drying process to make the respective cellulosic fibrous structures. A cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to Figure 4 of the afore-mentioned Johnson, et al. patent will have discrete high density regions and essentially continuous low density regions. Conversely, a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the afore-mentioned Trokhan patent will have continuous high density regions and discrete low density regions. This difference in the pattern of the regions influences other properties of the respective cellulosic fibrous structures as well.
2 1 1 2 6 o ~ PCI-/US93/07629 For example, a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent may have a lower cross machine direction modulus of elasticity and may have greater cross machine direction extensibility than a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a belt according to the aforementioned Johnson, et al. patent. However, these properties are typically offset by less sheet shrinkage and edge curling in a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a belt according to the aforementioned Johnson, et al. patent.
The caliper of certain cellulosic fibrous structures is closely related to the crepe pattern caused by the impact angle of the doctor blade. The doctor blade is used to remove the cellulosic fibrous structure from the surface of a heated Yankee drying drum and to crepe the cellulosic fibrous structure by foreshortening it in the machine direction. However, maintaining constant material properties (such as machine direction extensibility), which properties are influenced by the doctor blade is difficult. This difficulty is encountered because the doctor blade wears over time. Such wear is rarely constant over time, due to the taper of the blade and the stiffness of the blade changing as a third order power when wear occurs. Furthermore, the wear and changes which occur on one papermaking machine utilizing a particular doctor blade are often totally different than the wear and changes which occur on another papermaking machine using an identical doctor blade.
As the doctor blade wears, and the impact angle between the doctor blade and the Yankee drying drum becomes smaller, the cellulosic fibrous structure typically becomes softer, but loses tensile strength. Also, as the impact angle becomes smaller due to wear, the cellulosic fibrous structure may have greater caliper. Conversely, as the impact angle between the doctor blade and the surface of the Yankee drying drum becomes greater, such as occurs when the bevel angle of the doctor blade is increased, the doctor blade will typically wear at a faster rate.
But, the situation is even more complicated than described above.
Not all secondary belts produce cellulosic fibrous structures which respond alike to changes in the impact angle of the doctor blade. For example, a cellulosic fibrous structure through air dried on a belt made generally in accordance with the teachings of commonly assigned U.S.
W O 94/04750 ¦ ~ 2 ~ ' PCT/US93/07'~9 Patent 3,301,746 issued January 31, 1967 to Sanford, et al. shows an increase in caliper as the doctor blade impact angle is decreased.
However, the caliper generated on a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the aforementioned Sanford, et al. patent is not as great as the caliper of a like cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent.
But a disadvantage to the aforementioned Trokhan patent is that a cellulosic fibrous structure made thereon does not show a correlation to the doctor blade impact angle. Thus, one skilled in the art is forced to select between greater caliper generation and control of the caliper (and other properties) by adjusting the doctor blade.
Furthermore, wear of the doctor blade and the associated changes in impact angle cause different effects in cellulosic fibrous structures, which effects depend upon the pattern of the protuberances in the secondary belt. A cellulosic fibrous structure made on a belt having discrete protuberances will increase in caliper as the doctor blade wears, if the blade impact angle is not adjusted to compensate.
Conversely, a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt having a continuous pattern of protuberances is less sensitive to such wear.
It is not surprising that considerable effort has been expended in the prior art to achieve constant material properties by adjusting the impact angle of the doctor blades. In one example, illustrated by commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,919,756 issued April 24, 1990 to Sawdai, the doctor blade is continually adjusted to minimize the effects of doctor blade wear on the material properties of the cellulosic fibrous structure.
However, adjusting the doctor blade requires more equipment, associated maintenance, and set-up time for the papermaking machinery than machinery which simply tolerates changes in the doctor blade impact angle. While, of course, it is desirable to produce paper having certain consumer desired properties, the art clearly shows a need for greater flexibility in the manufacturing process, and particularly a way to WO 94/04750 ~ ; PCI'/US93/07629 5 21~iZ60~
achieve greater flexibility by not having to adjust the doctor blade impact angle using complex machinery.
More importantly, the prior art shows a need for a secondary belt which generates relatively high caliper yet responds to changes in the impact angle of the doctor blade with like changes in the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structures dried thereon.
As noted above, one way to achieve greater caliper is by adjusting the doctor blade. Another way to increase the caliper of a cellulosic fibrous structure having multiple regions is to increase its basis weight. However, this arrangement also increases the basis weight of other regions in which it may not be desirable to do so, requires greater utilization of fibers, and increases the cost to the consumer.
With the present invention, a way has been found to decouple the relationship between the Z-direction extent of the protuberances and the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structure. Furthermore, other properties of the cellulosic fibrous structure may benefit from having been made on a secondary belt according to the present invention.
For example, another problem frequently encountered with cellulosic fibrous structures which try to minimize fiber utilization and present less expense to the consumer is pinholing. Pinholing occurs when regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure are deflected into the deflection conduits of the secondary belts and break through, so that an opening is present and light passes through the opening. Pinholing and transmission of light therethrough present a cellulosic fibrous structure having a less durable and lower quality appearance to the consumer, and is accordingly undesirable to the consumer.
One cause of pinholing in a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent is caliper generation resulting from protuberances which are too great in the Z-direction. By generating caliper in this manner, Z-direction deflection of the cellulosic fibrous structure occurs to an extent that pinholing results.
Thus, one using the aforementioned Trokhan belt is forced to select between caliper generation and reduced pinholing.
Other problems found in cellulosic fibrous structures made on a belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan belt of the prior art are cross 6 ~ 426~
machine direction shrinkage and curling of the edges of the cellulosic fibrous structure. Such shrinkage and curling are caused by structural movement during machine direction tensioning, such as inevitably occurs during winding and converting. Shrinkage requires a wider cellulosic fibrous structure for manufacture. Edge curling may cause fold over, leading to breakage of the web during manufacture. Both cause greater expense in the manufacturing process.
Unfortunately, the amount of shrinkage is also closely related to the amount of cross machine direction extensibility the cellulosic fibrous structure will undergo before rupture.
While relatively greater cross machine direction extensibility is highly desired, due to allowing the cellulosic fibrous structure to elastically deform without tearing or shredding in use, the penalty for such desired cross machine direction extensibility is paid for at the time of manufacture by encountering greater cross machine direction shrinkage and curling.
Accordingly, it is an object of an aspect of this invention to provide a secondary apparatus or belt which reduces occurrences of pinholing and shrinkage and curling of cellulosic fibrous structures during manufacture. It is an object of an aspect of this invention to provide a secondary apparatus or belt which reduces occurrences of pinholing without requiring a correspo~; ng reduction in the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structure manufactured thereon.
Furthermore, it is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide greater control over the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structure with the impact angle of the doctor blade.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE lNv~NLlON
The invention in one aspect thereof comprises an apparatus for manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure.
The apparatus may comprise an endless belt having a reinforcing structure and a framework of protuberances joined thereto in a semicontinuous pattern. Between the 6a ? il ~
protuberances are deflection conduits through which air may pass. The protuberances may be generally parallel, or may be arranged to provide individual cells within the deflection conduits. In another embodiment, the invention comprises the paper made on this secondary belt or apparatus.
Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
A macroscopically monoplanar secondary apparatus used in manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure and having two mutually orthogonal principal directions, a machine direction and a cross machine direction, said apparatus comprising a reinforcing structure and a semicontinuous patterned framework of protuberances, said protuberances having a vector component ext~n~;ng substantially throughout one of said principal directions of said apparatus, each said protuberance being spaced apart from an adjacent protuberance.
A macroscopically monoplanar secondary belt for manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure and having two mutually orthogonal principal directions, a machine direction and a cross machine direction, said belt comprising:
a reinforcing structure; and a framework of protuberances joined to said reinforcing structure and exten~;ng outwardly therefrom to define deflection conduits between said protuberances, said framework of protuberances comprising a semicontinuous pattern, said protuberances having a vector component exten~; ng substantially throughout one principal direction of said belt, each said protuberance of said pattern being spaced apart from an adjacent protuberance in said pattern.
A cellulosic fibrous structure having a nonembossed semicontinuous pattern of high density regions separated by a nonembossed semicontinuous pattern of low density regions.
WO 94/04750 . j i ' PCI /US93/07629 7 21~z606 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While the Specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the present invention, it is believed the same will be better understood by the following Specification taken in conjunction with the associated drawings in which like components are given the same reference numeral, and:
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a secondary belt according to the present invention having parallel protuberances with parallel deflection conduits therebetween, the protuberances and deflection conduits being oriented at a diagonal relative to the machine direction and the cross machine direction;
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of Figure l; and Figure 3 is a top plan view of an alternative secondary belt according to the present invention having protuberances which are not equidistantly spaced from the adjacent protuberances and which form individual cells within the deflection conduits.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises an apparatus for manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure.The apparatus according to the present invention may be embodied in a variety of forms, such as stationary plates for making hand sheets, rotating drums for continuous processing and preferably endless belts 10 for ordinary papermaking machinery as illustrated in Figure 1.
Although these, and other, embodiments of the present invention are suitable, except as noted below, the preferred embodiment of the endless belt 10 is the embodiment discussed below with the understanding that other embodiments may be readily carried out by one skilled in the art.
The preferred endless belt 10 embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention comprises two primary elements: a patterned framework of protuberances 20 and a reinforcing structure 30. The reinforcing structure 30 of the belt 10 has two opposed major surfaces.
One major surface is the paper contacting side 32 and from which the protuberances 20 extend. The other major surface of the reinforcing structure 30 of the papermaking belt 10 is the backside 34, which contacts the machinery employed in a typical papermaking operation. Machinery 5 employed in a typical papermaking operation include vacuum pickup shoes, rollers, etc., as are well known in the art and will not be further discussed herein.
Generally, for a belt 10 according to the present invention, the "machine direction" of the belt 10 is the direction within the plane of the belt 10 parallel to the principal direction of travel of the cellulosic fibrous structure during manufacture.
o The machine direction is designated by arrows "MD" in Figures 1 and 3. The cross machine direction is generally orthogonal to the machine direction and also lieswithin the plane of the belt 10. The Z-direction is orthogonal to both the machine direction and cross machine direction and generally normal to the plane of the belt 10 at any position in the papermaking process. The machine direction, cross 5 machine direction, and Z-direction form a Cartesian coordinate system.
The belt 10 according to the present invention is essentially macroscopically monoplanar. As used herein a component is "macroscopically monoplanar" if such component has two very large dimensions in comparison to a relatively small third dimension. The belt 10 is essentially macroscopically monoplanar in recogr~tion 2 o that deviations from absolute planarity are tolerable, but not ~referl ed, so long as the deviations do not adversely affect the performance of the papermaking belt 10 in making cellulosic fibrous structures thereon.
In a rotating drum embodiment of the present invention (not shown), the reinforcing structure 30 may comprise a generally cylindrical shell having a 2 5 plurality of holes therethrough. In a papermaking belt 10 embodiment, the reinforcing structure 30 comprises a series of filaments, prerel ably woven in arectangular pattern to define interstices therebetween. The interstices allow fluids, such as drying air, to pass through the belt 10 according to the present invention.
The interstices form one of the groups of openings in the papermaking belt 10 3 o according to the present invention, which openings are prerel ably smaller than those defined by the pattern of the framework.
If desired, the reinforcing structure 30 may have vertically stacked machine direction filaments to provide increased stability and load bearing capability.
By vertically stacking the machine direction filaments of the reinforcing structure 30, the overall durability and performance of a belt 10 according to the present invention is enhanced.
The reinforcing structure 30 should not present significant obstruction to the flow of fluids, such as drying air therethrough and, therefore, should be highlypermeable. The permeability of the reinforcing structure 30 may be measured by o the airflow therethrough at a differential pressure of about 1.3 centimeters of water (0.5 inches of water). A ~re~led reinforcing structure 30 having no framework ofprotuberances 20 attached thereto should have a permeability at this differential pressure of about 240 to 490 standard cubic meters per minute per square meter of belt 10 area (800 to 1,600 standard cubic feet per minute per square foot). Of course, it will be apparent that the permeability of the belt 10 will be reduced when the framework of protuberances 20 is attached to the reinforcing structure 30. A belt 10 having a framework of protuberances 20 prerel ably has an air permeability of about 90 to 180 standard cubic meters per minute per square meter (300 to 600 standardcubic feed per minute per square foot).
2 o In an alternative embodiment, the reinforcing structure 30 of a belt 10 according to the present invention may have a textured backside 34. The texturedbackside 34 has a surface topography with asperities to prevent the buildup of papermaking fibers on the backside 34 of the belt 10, reduces the differential pressure across the belt 10 as a vacuum is applied thereto during the papermaking 2 5 process, and increases the rise time of the differential pressure prior to the maximum differential pressure occurring.
A particularly ple~ed reinforcing structure 30 for use with the present invention may be made in accordance with the teachings of commonly assigned U.S.Patent 5,098,522 issued March 24, 1992 to Smurkoski, et al. which patent is 3 o r~lellced herein for its showing of how to make a particularly ~re~ dreinforcing structure 30 suitable for use with a papermaking belt 10 in accordance with the present invention and showing a process for making cellulosic fibrous structures using such a papermaking belt 10.
The other primary component of the papermaking belt 10 according to the 3 5 present invention is the patterned framework of protuberances 20.
~ ~.
W O 94/04750 2 1 4 2 6 0 ~ PCT/US93/07~ 9 - ' 1 0 The protuberances 20 define deflection conduits 40 therebetween. The deflection conduits 40 allow water to be removed from the cellulosic fibrous structure by the application of differential fluid pressure, by evaporative mechanisms, or both when drying air passes through the cellulosic fibrous structure while on the papermaking belt 10 or a vacuum is applied through the belt 10. The deflection conduits 40 allow the cellulosic fibrous structure to deflect in the Z-direction and generate the caliper of and aesthetic patterns on the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure.
The protuberances 20 are arranged in a semicontinuous pattern. As used herein, a pattern of protuberances 20 is considered to be "semicontinuous" if a plurality of the protuberances 20 extends substantially throughout one dimension of the apparatus, and each protuberance 20 in the plurality is spaced apart from adjacent protuberances 20.
The protuberances 20 in the semicontinuous pattern may be generally parallel as illustrated in Figure 1, may form a wave pattern as illustrated in Figure 3, and/or may form a pattern in which adjacent protuberances 20 are offset from one another with respect to the phase of the pattern as illustrated in Figure 3. The semicontinuous protuberances 20 may be aligned in any direction within the plane of the papermaking belt 10.
Thus, the protuberances 20 may span the entire cross machine direction of the belt 10, may endlessly encircle the belt 10 in the machine direction, or may run diagonally relative to the machine and cross machine directions. Of course, the directions of the protuberance 20 alignments (machine direction, cross machine direction, or diagonal) discussed above refer to the principal alignment of the protuberances 20.
Within each alignment, the protuberance 20 may have segments aligned at other directions, but aggregate to yield the particular alignment of the entire protuberance 20.
Protuberances 20 arranged in a framework having a semicontinuous pattern are to be distinguished from a pattern of discrete protuberances 20, in which any one protuberance 20 does not extend substantially throughout a principal direction of the papermaking belt 10. An example of discrete protuberances 20 is found at Figure 4 of commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued April 30, 1985 to Johnson, et al.
Similarly, a pattern of semicontinuous protuberances 20 is to be distinguished from protuberances 20 forming an essentially continuous pattern. An essentially continuous pattern extends substantially throughout both the machine direction and cross machine direction of the papermaking belt 10, although not necessarily in a straight line fashion. Alternatively, a pattern may be continuous because the o framework forms at least one essentially unbroken net-like pattern. Examples of protuberances 20 forming an essentially continuous pattern is illustrated by Figures 2-3 of the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued to Johnson, et al or by the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,528,239 issued to Trokhan.
As illustrated in Figure 2, the framework of semicontinuous protuberances 20 according to the present invenffon is joined to the reinforcing structure 30 andextends outwardly from the paper contacting side 32 thereof in the Z-direction. The protuberances 20 may have straight sidewalls, tapered sidewalls, and be made of any material suitable to withstand the temperatures, pressures, and deformationswhich occur during the papermaking process. Particularly pre~lled protuberances 2 o 20 are made of photosensitive resins.
The photosensitive resin, or other material used to form the pattern of semicontinuous protuberances 20, may be applied and joined to the reinforcing structure 30 in any suitable manner. A particularly prefelled manner of attachment and joining is applying liquid photosensitive resin to surround and envelop the 2 5 reinforcing structure 30, cure the portions of the liquid photosensitive resin which are to form the semicontinuous pattern of the protuberances 20, and wash away the balance of the resin in an uncured state. Suitable processes for manufacturing apaperm.aking belt 10 in accordance with the present invention are disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued to Johnson, et al., commonly assigned 3 o U.S. Patent 4,528,239 issued July 9, 1985 to Trokhan, and the aforementioned U.S.
Patent 5,098,522 issued to Smurkoski, et al., which patents are referel.ced herein for their showing a particularly ~rerelled manner (~ ' WO 94/04750 2 1 4 2 6 0 ~ PCI/US93/07-'9 of forming the protuberances 20 and joining the protuberances 20 to the reinforcing structure 30.
As is evident from a reading of any of the three aforementioned patents incorporated by reference, the pattern of the protuberances 20 is determined by transparencies in a mask through which an activating wave length of light is passed. The activating light cures portions of the photosensitive resin opposite the transparencies. Conversely, the portions of the photosensitive resin opposite the opaque regions of the mask are washed away, leaving the paper contacting side 32 of the reinforcing surface exposed in such areas.
Thus, to form a particularly preferred embodiment of a papermaking belt 10 according to the present invention, the mask must be formulated with transparent regions having a semicontinuous pattern as described above. Such a mask will form a like pattern of protuberances 20 on the papermaking belt 10.
For the embodiments described herein, protuberances 20 forming a semicontinuous pattern should have characteristics which produce desired properties of the cellulosic fibrous structures. The geometry of the protuberances 20 significantly influences the properties of the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure made on the secondary belt 10. For example, the protuberances 20 may produce hinge lines in the cellulosic fibrous structure, which hinge lines impart softness or burst strength thereto.
Furthermore, the semicontinuous pattern of protuberances 20 wi 11 yield a like semicontinuous pattern of high and low density regions in the cellulosic fibrous structure made on this belt 10. Such a pattern in the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure occurs for two reasons.
First, the regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure coincident the semicontinuous deflection conduits 40 will be dedensified by the air flow therethrough or will be dedensified by the application of a vacuum to the deflection conduits 40. Preferably, the regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure coincident the protuberances 20 will be densified by the transfer of the cellulosic fibrous structure to a rigid backing surface, such as a Yankee drying drum.
The geometry of the protuberances 20 may be considered in a single direction, or may be considered in two dimensions, and may be considered 13 21~2GO~
as either lying within or normal to the plane of the secondary belt 10 according to the present invention.
Particularly, the Z-direction extent of the protuberances 20 in a single direction normal to the plane of the belt 10 determines the height of the protuberances 20 above the paper contacting surface of the reinforcing structure 30. If the height of the protuberances 20 is too great, pinholing and apparent transparencies or light transmission through the cellulosic fibrous structure will occur. Conversely, if the Z-direction dimension of the protuberances 20 is smaller, the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure will have less caliper. As noted above, both pinholing and low caliper are undesirable because they present an apparently lower quality cellulosic fibrous structure to the consumer.
For the embodiments described herein, the protuberances 20 preferably have a height between 0.05 and 0.64 millimeters (0.002 and 0.025 inches), preferably between 0.13 and 0.38 millimeters (0.005 and 0.015 inches), and more preferably between 0.20 and 0.26 millimeters (0.008 and 0.010 inches).
Referring back to Figure 1 and continuing the single direction analysis, the spacing between inwardly facing edges of adjacent protuberances 20 must be considered. If, within limits, the spacing is too great for a given Z-direction extent, pinholing is more likely to occur. Also, if the spacing between the inwardly facing edges of adjacent protuberances 20 is too great, another undesired resultant phenomenon may be that fibers will not span the distal ends 46 of adjacent protuberances 20, resulting in a cellulosic fibrous structure having lesser strength than can be obtained if individual fibers span adjacent protuberances 20. Conversely, if the spacing between the inwardly facing edges of adjacent protuberances 20 is too small, the cellulosic fibers will bridge adjacent protuberances 20, and in an extreme case little caliper generation will result. Therefore, the spacing between the inwardly facing surfaces of adjacent protuberances 20 must be optimized to allow sufficient caliper generation to occur and minimize pinholing.
For the embodiments described herein, the inwardly facing surfaces of adjacent protuberances 20 may be spaced about 0.64 to about 1.40 WO 94/04750 2 1 4 2 6 0 ~ 14 PCT/US93/0''-9 '' :
millimeters apart (0.025 to 0.055 inches) in a direction generally orthogonal to such surfaces. This spacing will result in a cellulosic fibrous structure which generates maximum caliper when made of conventional cellulosic fibers, such as Northern softwood kraft or eucalyptus.
A further single dimension analysis relates to the width across the distal edge of the protuberance 20. The width is measured generally normal to the principal dimension of the protuberance 20 within the plane of the belt 10 at a given location. If the protuberance 20 i s not wide enough, the protuberance 20 wi 11 not withstand the pressures and temperature differentials encountered during and incidental to the papermaking process. Accordingly, such a papermaking belt 10 will have a relatively short life and have to be frequently replaced. If the protuberances 20 are too wide, a more one-sided texture will again result and the cell size, discussed below, must be increased to compensate.
Of course, it is to be recognized that the protuberances 20 are typically tapered and may occupy a greater projected surface area at the proximal edge of the protuberance 20. For the embodiments described herein, typically the proximal area of the protuberances 20 is about 25 to 75 percent of the belt 10 surface area and the distal area of the protuberances 20 is about 15 to 65 percent of the belt 10 surface area.
Generally, for the embodiments described herein, protuberances 20 having a width at the proximal ends of about 0.3 to 1.3 millimeters (0.011 to 0.050 inches) are suitable. The protuberances 20 may have a width at the distal ends 46 of about 0.13 to 0.64 millimeters (0.005 to 0.025 inches), and preferably may have a width at the distal ends 46 of about 0.20 to 0.46 millimeters (0.008 to 0.018 inches).
Examining the pattern of semicontinuous protuberances 20 in two dimensions, particularly the machine and cross machine directions, it is apparent that two different types of protuberances 20 may be utilized in accordance with the present invention. All of the protuberances 20 are generally nonintersecting. The first type of protuberance 20, illustrated in Figure 1, utilizes generally parallel (although not necessarily straight) protuberances 20. These protuberances 20 have WO 94/04750 PCI'/US93/07629 15 ''' 21~260~) generally equal spacings in the deflection conduits 40 therebetween, so that individual cells 42 are not formed.
Conversely, as illustrated in Figure 3, the secondary belt 10 may have noncontacting protuberances 20 which are not equidistantly spaced from the adjacent protuberances 20 and which may define individual cells 42 within the deflection conduits 40. The protuberances 20 of such a belt 10 may not be parallel. Furthermore, the protuberances 20 may not be of constant width. Either arrangement may yield deflection conduits 40 having fiber bridging of adjacent protuberances 20 in certain areas and fiber deflection into the deflection conduits 40 in other areas.
This arrangement provides the advantage that a cellulosic fibrous structure having a semicontinuous pattern and three mutually different densities may be formed. The three densities occur due to: 1) low density fibers spanning adjacent protuberances 20 and which deflect in the Z-direction from the distal end 46 of the protuberances 20 an amount at least about the thickness of the high density regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure; 2) intermediate density fibers which bridge adjacent protuberances 20 and deflect in the Z-direction an amount less than about 50 percent of the Z-direction deflection found in the low density fibers of the cellulosic fibrous structure; and 3) high density densified fibers coincident the distal ends 46 of the protuberances 20.
A semicontinuous pattern three density cellulosic fibrous structure such as this provides the benefits of more isotropic flexibility, better softness, and a more pleasing texture than a like cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt 10 having parallel protuberances 20.
The three densities may be arranged in cells 42 of low density regions bounded by regions of intermediate and high density.
Cells 42 are defined as the discrete low density regions in the cellulosic fibrous structures that occur between and are bounded by the semicontinuous high density regions and the discrete intermediate density regions in a cellulosic fibrous structure containing at least three different densities, or are defined as the corresponding regions of the secondary belt 10 producing such a cellulosic fibrous structure.
If the individual cells 42 in deflection conduits 40 between the protuberances 20 are too large, the caliper generated during the drying WO 94/04750 PCT/US93/07~-~
- 214260~ 16 process may not withstand subsequent calendering or other converting operations, particularly for relatively low basis weight cellulosic fibrous structures. Thus, a relatively lower caliper (and apparently lower quality) product will be presented to the consumer - despite adequate caliper generation occurring during manufacture. Also, large cells may increase the one-sidedness of the texture.
Conversely, if the individual cells 42 in the deflection conduits 40 between adjacent protuberances 20 are too small, low caliper generation may result, as noted above relative to the one-dimensional spacing between adjacent protuberances 20. Furthermore, if the individual cells 42 are too small, the width of the distal edges of the cells may be too small for a given cell size and poor belt 10 life will again result.
The individual cells 42 may be arranged in any desired matrix. The individual cells 42 may be aligned in either or both the machine direction and/or cross machine direction. The individual cells 42 may be staggered in either the machine direction, the cross machine direction, or, alternatively, preferably the individual cells 42 are bilaterally staggered. For the embodiments described herein, protuberances 20 having approximately 16 to 109 cells 42 per square centimeter (100 to 700 cells 42 per square inch), and preferably approximately 31 to approximately 78 individual cells 42 per square centimeter (200 to 500 individual cells 42 per square inch) and more preferably about 62 cells per square centimeter (400 cells per square inch) are judged suitable.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the belt 10 having a semicontinuous pattern of protuberances 20 and semicontinuous pattern of deflection conduits 40 may be used as a forming wire in the wet end of the papermaking machine. When such a belt 10 is used as a forming wire in the papermaking machine, a cellulosic fibrous structure having regions of at least two mutually different basis weights will result. The at least two mutually different basis weights in the cellulosic fibrous structure may be aligned in either the machine direction, the cross machine direction, or diagonally thereto.
This cellulosic fibrous structure provides the advantage, for example, that if the semicontinuous pattern of mutually different basis weights is aligned in the cross machine direction and the cellulosic fibrous structure i8 to be utilized as a core-wound paper product (such as toilet tissue or paper toweling) the low basis weight regions provide a tear line. This tear line is useful when the free end of the core-wound paper product is pulled in tension, such as occurs when the user desires a finite length of product for hou~ehold tasks. The cellulosic fibrous structure will usually tear at the line formed through the low basis weight region. This arrangement provides the advantage that the perforating operation may be eliminated during paper converting and the further advantage that the consumer may select sheets of almost any different size, as may be needed for the task, rather than being limited by the spacing between the perforations provided by the converting operation.
EXAMPLES
Comparative examples of cellulosic fibrous structures were made on a secondary belt 10 having a continuous pattern according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent, a secondary belt 10 having a discrete pattern according to Figure 8 of commo~ly assigned U.S. Patent 4,239,065 issued December 16, 1980 to Trokhan, and a secondary belt 10 having a semicontinuous pattern according to the present invention were constructed.
The semicontinuous pattern belt 10 has a large sized pattern of roses superimposed on the semicontinuous protuberance 20. This rose pattern is illustrated in com~o~ly assigned U.S. Patent No. 5,328,565 issued July 12, 1994, Rasch et al., correspo~; ng to C~n~;an Patent Application 2,069,193, published December 20, 1992. The protuberances 20 were 0.33 millimeters (0.013 inches) in thickness, as designated in Figure 3 by ~; ~nsion T. The protuberances 20 formed generally rectangularly shaped cells 42 having a major ~;men~ion of 1.22 millimeters (0.048 inches), as designated by ~;~en~ion A and a minor dimension of 0.69 millimeters (0.027 inches), as designated by dimension N. Each protuberance 20 ~n ~, 17a 21 42606 was most closely separated from the adjacent protuberance 20 by a distance of 0.23 millimeters (0.009 inches), as indicated by ~;mPn~ion C.
The continuous pattern belt and semicontinuous pattern belt 10 each had 62 cells 42 per square centimeter (400 cells 42 per square inch). The discrete pattern belt had a mesh count of 23 x 17 filaments per square centimeter (59 x 44 filaments per square inch), yielding approximately 67cells per square centimeter (433 cells per square inch). A cell was determined to be either a individual polygonal deflection conduit in the continuous pattern belt made according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent, a unit formed by six filament knuckles in the discrete pattern belt made according to the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent, or a unit cell 42 within a deflection conduit 40 as previously defined in the belt 10 according to the present invention.
o The continuous pattern and semicontinuous pattern secondary belts 10 each had a Z-direction protuberance 20 extent of about 0.23 millimeters (0.009 inches).
The apparent protuberance 20 height for the belt 10 made according to the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent was measured by the pattern of the weave.
Particularly, the apparent protuberance 20 height was taken as the caliper of the secondary belt, less the shute filament diameter. To maintain approximately equal cell 42 counts and an a~ro~riate diameter of the filaments forming the reinforcing structure 30 in the discrete pattern belt 10, the aforementioned 0.23 millimeters (0.009 inches) protuberance 20 height could not be maintained for the discrete pattern belt 10. Instead the apparent protuberance 20 height was 0.32 millimeters 2 o (0.013 inches).
This example illustrates the choice that must be made between cell size and protuberance 20 height when using a discrete pattern belt 10 made according to the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent. However, given the great commerciai success of cellulosic fibrous structures made on belts 10 according to the aforementioned 2 5 Trokhan '065 patent, it was judged to be a suitable standard against which to compare cellulosic fibrous structures made on a semicontinuous pattern belt 10 according to the present invention.
The cellulosic fibrous structure made on these three aforementioned belts 10 were layered in a trilaminate. The two outboard layers each comprised at least forty 3 o percent of the total furnish and were eucalyptus fiber. The central layer comprised the balance of the furnish and was Northern softwood kraft (NSK) fiber. The layering process is described in more detail in commonly assigned U.S. Patent 3,994,771 issued November 30, 1976, to Morgan, Jr., et al., which patent is refelellced herein for its showing how these layered cellulosic fibrous structures were made for 3 5 this example.
C~ !
The cellulosic fibrous structures made for these examples had a consistency of 20 percent at the couch roll. The vacuum shoe used to transfer the embryonic webfrom the forming wire to the secondary belts had a vacuum of 31.8 centimeters ofMercury (12.5 inches of Mercury).
The resulting cellulosic fibrous structures were tested for basis weight as measured according to ASTM Standard D585-74, tensile strength as measured on a Thwing Albert tensile machine having a cross head separation rate of 10.2 0 centimeters per minute (4 inches per minute), and a gage length of 5.08 centimeters ~2 inches). Caliper was measured under a confining pressure of 14.7 grams per square centimeter (95 grams per square inch). The tensile strength varied little from sample to sample, when the effect of different percentages of Northern softwood kraft fibers is taken into account.
As can be seen from Table I, the basis weights of all three samples were essentially constant. The cellulosic fibrous structure made on the discrete pattern belt 10 had considerably less caliper than the cellulosic fibrous structures made on the semicontinuous and continuous patterned belts 10.
The cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt 10 2 o showed no correlation of doctor blade impact angle to caliper. The cellulosic fibrous structures made on the semicontinuous and discrete belts 10 showed a monotonically decreasing relationship in caliper as the impact angle of the doctor blade was increased. Thus, the only belt 10 to provide both relatively high caliper and a linear and monotonic correlation of doctor blade impact angle to such caliper 2 5 is the belt 10 according to the present invention.
The caliper benefits shown in Table I were maintained throughout subsequent converting operations.
C'' -WO 94/04750 PCI /US93/07'~
21~2606 20 ~ o C o oo ~ 1_ 0 >, ~ _ CO ~ ~ ~ CO
C C~ ~ ~
r - I r~
+~ ~ a ~ cn~
O ~ _ ~_ s_ o o~ o ~ o~
e~
5_ ._ 0 0 0 S
S ~ CO
~CO ~ ~
S V~
~ O
_ S_ O ~ O O
~ ~ O Cl~ O ~ I~
S_ ~O~
r O ~ ~ ~ ~ O
O, a~ ~ ~
S S_ ~n _ O ~ ~ 4_ r-- _ ~ ~ ~ L _ ._ ._ ~_ ~a ~ ~a ) v) E
o 3 V~ L
L C~ a~
._ 0~ ~ ~ CL
O y ~
O ~ ~ O t~l ;~
21 21 q260~
Additional testing was conducted to determine the effects of protuberance 20 pattern on sheet curl, shrinkage, and pinholing. For these tests the doctor blade impact angle was held at a constant impact angle of 81 degrees. A discrete pattern belt 10 made generally according to Figure 4 of the aforementioned Johnson, et al. patent was substituted for the discrete pattern belt 10 made according to the Trokhan '065 patent utilized in the prior Examples. The discrete pattern belt 10 utilized for this example had 62 cells per square centimeter (400 cells per square inch) and a protuberance 20 height of 0.2 millimeters (0.009 inches). The protuberances 20 were generally rectangularly shaped with rounded ends, had an aspect ratio of 3.375 and alternating protuberances 20 were oriented at 90 degree angles, as illustrated by the imprint pattern of Figure 1 of the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent.
The cellulosic fibrous structures made on these three belts 10 had approximately equal basis weights, to compare the effects of protuberance 20 pattern on sheet curling, shrinkage and pinholing. Pinholing was measured by a Paperlab-1 Formation RoboTester supplied by Kajaani Automation of Norcross, Georgia.
Sheet curl and sheet shrinkage were ascertained by measuring the sheet width just prior to the Yankee (PY), between the calender rolls and the reel (BCR), and after cutting from the parent roll (AC). Sheet curl is then given by the formula: (PY - BCR)/PY. Sheet shrinkage is given by the formula: (PY - AC)/PY.
Table IIA illustrates three cellulosic fibrous structures made according to the aforementioned belts 10 and having a total tensile strength of approximately 400 grams per inch. Table IIB illustrates the same cellulosic fibrous structures, except the total tensile strength is about 500 grams per inch. In both Table IIA and Table IIB, softness (which is strongly influenced by tensile strength) is corrected to the appropriate tensile strength by 0.1 PSU of softness per 25 grams per inch of tensile strength.
WO 94/04750 PCI /US93/07 --~
214260~ 22 a ._ .
L
V) L
; ~ N o ~ ~ ~ O
C , ~
-- ~C e~- O 00 ~.D O O cn ~ ~ O 1~ c~ J N O O
O O
O L
~--S
El--c C ~_ L >, a ~~ L ~ 0 ~1 0~ ~
cL ~_ ~ o l_ In ~ C~J _ O O ~ O O
~_ .... .........
~ I a e~ O ~ a~ o o _ cn o o ~o ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ o o ~~ ,c ~ -- ~ ~ O
L
~ O
v~ L
~--S
1~ ~
L C
a)-_ a ~ L
E~
C~
C~J N 1~ ~ O et ~ 1 ~a~ ~ ... ......... .
o ~ t o ~ a~ o o ~ -- ~ o c~ D ~ ~ ~ O
S _ ---- ~D O
O
C L
O _C
O ~
O
V
L ~_ C~
a~ E
S
O ~
v~ L O ~ -- -- -- ~----~ c o O
~ O _ ~ C C ~ ~~ J J ~ - J
o ~ -- ~o v~ ~n ~ a~CL ~ ~ ~ _ _ ~.
c_~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ L
~ ~ s ~a~ cL c ~-- o~ a) C _ ~ a~ av) v~ c v~ v~ ~ ~ -- _ ~--t' ~~_ a~ a) L _ _ c Ct~ ~ ~ -- ~
C ---- a~ ~~ ~ O ~--~-- ~ ~ ~ -- -- ~ ~ ~ ~ -c O _~ 3 c v~ L V~
J ca) _ c ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~-- _ _ c ~ a.l a~ _ ~ ~ o o_ ~ o ~ ~
yv~ ) ~c ~I L ~~ C C Q) ~lJ
~1 oL ~_ --- S S
TABL13 IIB .1~
tn Continuous Pattern Discrete PatternSemicontinuous Pattern ~
Through-Air Drying Through-Air Drying Through-Air Drying Condition Belt Belt Belt Softness (PSU) 0.79 -0.08 0.5 Tens. Cor. Soft.-400TT (PSU) 0.85 0.23 0.72 Tens. Cor. Soft.-500TT (PSU) 0.45 -0.17 0.32 square feet 18.09 18.18 17.89 CD Tensile (g/in.) 170 212 200 MD Tensile (g/in.) 246 265 255 Total Tensile (g/in.) 416 477 455 Starch (pounds/ton) 4 4 4 ~-NSK (percent) 20 15 20 CD Stretch (percent) 13.56 6.26 7.12 CD Modulus (percent) 5.05 17.90 15.71 r~
MD Modulus (percent) - 3.80 3.60 4.09 Modulus (percent) 4.38 8.03 8.02 Burst (9) 181.4 148.4 162.9 o Sink (sec.) 3.05 1.49 3.11 Pinholes (percent lightspots) 4.97 5.35 1.84 Sheet Curl (percent) 5.2 0.0 0.0 ~
Sheet Shrink (percent) 0.0 0.0 o.o O
Burst/Tensile Ratio 0.44 0.31 0.36 ~
WO 94/04750 PCr/US93/0''-~
214260~ ~
~ 24 As can be seen from Tables IIA and IIB, the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the belt 10 according to the present invention had better sheet shrinkage and curl than the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt, but had shrinkage and curl generally equivalent to that of the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the discrete pattern belt. Also, the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the belt 10 according to the present invention had a better burst strength to tensile strength ratio than the cellulosic fibrous structure made on a discrete pattern belt, however the burst strength to tensile strength ratio was not as good as that of the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt. Furthermore, the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the belt 10 according to the present invention had better pinholing than the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt, but had mixed results relative to pinholing compared to the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the discrete pattern belt.
It is recognized that many variations and combinations of patterns, protuberance 20 sizes, and spacings may be made within the scope of the present invention. All such variations are within the scope of the following claims.
The caliper of certain cellulosic fibrous structures is closely related to the crepe pattern caused by the impact angle of the doctor blade. The doctor blade is used to remove the cellulosic fibrous structure from the surface of a heated Yankee drying drum and to crepe the cellulosic fibrous structure by foreshortening it in the machine direction. However, maintaining constant material properties (such as machine direction extensibility), which properties are influenced by the doctor blade is difficult. This difficulty is encountered because the doctor blade wears over time. Such wear is rarely constant over time, due to the taper of the blade and the stiffness of the blade changing as a third order power when wear occurs. Furthermore, the wear and changes which occur on one papermaking machine utilizing a particular doctor blade are often totally different than the wear and changes which occur on another papermaking machine using an identical doctor blade.
As the doctor blade wears, and the impact angle between the doctor blade and the Yankee drying drum becomes smaller, the cellulosic fibrous structure typically becomes softer, but loses tensile strength. Also, as the impact angle becomes smaller due to wear, the cellulosic fibrous structure may have greater caliper. Conversely, as the impact angle between the doctor blade and the surface of the Yankee drying drum becomes greater, such as occurs when the bevel angle of the doctor blade is increased, the doctor blade will typically wear at a faster rate.
But, the situation is even more complicated than described above.
Not all secondary belts produce cellulosic fibrous structures which respond alike to changes in the impact angle of the doctor blade. For example, a cellulosic fibrous structure through air dried on a belt made generally in accordance with the teachings of commonly assigned U.S.
W O 94/04750 ¦ ~ 2 ~ ' PCT/US93/07'~9 Patent 3,301,746 issued January 31, 1967 to Sanford, et al. shows an increase in caliper as the doctor blade impact angle is decreased.
However, the caliper generated on a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the aforementioned Sanford, et al. patent is not as great as the caliper of a like cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent.
But a disadvantage to the aforementioned Trokhan patent is that a cellulosic fibrous structure made thereon does not show a correlation to the doctor blade impact angle. Thus, one skilled in the art is forced to select between greater caliper generation and control of the caliper (and other properties) by adjusting the doctor blade.
Furthermore, wear of the doctor blade and the associated changes in impact angle cause different effects in cellulosic fibrous structures, which effects depend upon the pattern of the protuberances in the secondary belt. A cellulosic fibrous structure made on a belt having discrete protuberances will increase in caliper as the doctor blade wears, if the blade impact angle is not adjusted to compensate.
Conversely, a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt having a continuous pattern of protuberances is less sensitive to such wear.
It is not surprising that considerable effort has been expended in the prior art to achieve constant material properties by adjusting the impact angle of the doctor blades. In one example, illustrated by commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,919,756 issued April 24, 1990 to Sawdai, the doctor blade is continually adjusted to minimize the effects of doctor blade wear on the material properties of the cellulosic fibrous structure.
However, adjusting the doctor blade requires more equipment, associated maintenance, and set-up time for the papermaking machinery than machinery which simply tolerates changes in the doctor blade impact angle. While, of course, it is desirable to produce paper having certain consumer desired properties, the art clearly shows a need for greater flexibility in the manufacturing process, and particularly a way to WO 94/04750 ~ ; PCI'/US93/07629 5 21~iZ60~
achieve greater flexibility by not having to adjust the doctor blade impact angle using complex machinery.
More importantly, the prior art shows a need for a secondary belt which generates relatively high caliper yet responds to changes in the impact angle of the doctor blade with like changes in the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structures dried thereon.
As noted above, one way to achieve greater caliper is by adjusting the doctor blade. Another way to increase the caliper of a cellulosic fibrous structure having multiple regions is to increase its basis weight. However, this arrangement also increases the basis weight of other regions in which it may not be desirable to do so, requires greater utilization of fibers, and increases the cost to the consumer.
With the present invention, a way has been found to decouple the relationship between the Z-direction extent of the protuberances and the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structure. Furthermore, other properties of the cellulosic fibrous structure may benefit from having been made on a secondary belt according to the present invention.
For example, another problem frequently encountered with cellulosic fibrous structures which try to minimize fiber utilization and present less expense to the consumer is pinholing. Pinholing occurs when regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure are deflected into the deflection conduits of the secondary belts and break through, so that an opening is present and light passes through the opening. Pinholing and transmission of light therethrough present a cellulosic fibrous structure having a less durable and lower quality appearance to the consumer, and is accordingly undesirable to the consumer.
One cause of pinholing in a cellulosic fibrous structure made on a belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent is caliper generation resulting from protuberances which are too great in the Z-direction. By generating caliper in this manner, Z-direction deflection of the cellulosic fibrous structure occurs to an extent that pinholing results.
Thus, one using the aforementioned Trokhan belt is forced to select between caliper generation and reduced pinholing.
Other problems found in cellulosic fibrous structures made on a belt according to the aforementioned Trokhan belt of the prior art are cross 6 ~ 426~
machine direction shrinkage and curling of the edges of the cellulosic fibrous structure. Such shrinkage and curling are caused by structural movement during machine direction tensioning, such as inevitably occurs during winding and converting. Shrinkage requires a wider cellulosic fibrous structure for manufacture. Edge curling may cause fold over, leading to breakage of the web during manufacture. Both cause greater expense in the manufacturing process.
Unfortunately, the amount of shrinkage is also closely related to the amount of cross machine direction extensibility the cellulosic fibrous structure will undergo before rupture.
While relatively greater cross machine direction extensibility is highly desired, due to allowing the cellulosic fibrous structure to elastically deform without tearing or shredding in use, the penalty for such desired cross machine direction extensibility is paid for at the time of manufacture by encountering greater cross machine direction shrinkage and curling.
Accordingly, it is an object of an aspect of this invention to provide a secondary apparatus or belt which reduces occurrences of pinholing and shrinkage and curling of cellulosic fibrous structures during manufacture. It is an object of an aspect of this invention to provide a secondary apparatus or belt which reduces occurrences of pinholing without requiring a correspo~; ng reduction in the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structure manufactured thereon.
Furthermore, it is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide greater control over the caliper of the cellulosic fibrous structure with the impact angle of the doctor blade.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE lNv~NLlON
The invention in one aspect thereof comprises an apparatus for manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure.
The apparatus may comprise an endless belt having a reinforcing structure and a framework of protuberances joined thereto in a semicontinuous pattern. Between the 6a ? il ~
protuberances are deflection conduits through which air may pass. The protuberances may be generally parallel, or may be arranged to provide individual cells within the deflection conduits. In another embodiment, the invention comprises the paper made on this secondary belt or apparatus.
Other aspects of this invention are as follows:
A macroscopically monoplanar secondary apparatus used in manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure and having two mutually orthogonal principal directions, a machine direction and a cross machine direction, said apparatus comprising a reinforcing structure and a semicontinuous patterned framework of protuberances, said protuberances having a vector component ext~n~;ng substantially throughout one of said principal directions of said apparatus, each said protuberance being spaced apart from an adjacent protuberance.
A macroscopically monoplanar secondary belt for manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure and having two mutually orthogonal principal directions, a machine direction and a cross machine direction, said belt comprising:
a reinforcing structure; and a framework of protuberances joined to said reinforcing structure and exten~;ng outwardly therefrom to define deflection conduits between said protuberances, said framework of protuberances comprising a semicontinuous pattern, said protuberances having a vector component exten~; ng substantially throughout one principal direction of said belt, each said protuberance of said pattern being spaced apart from an adjacent protuberance in said pattern.
A cellulosic fibrous structure having a nonembossed semicontinuous pattern of high density regions separated by a nonembossed semicontinuous pattern of low density regions.
WO 94/04750 . j i ' PCI /US93/07629 7 21~z606 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While the Specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the present invention, it is believed the same will be better understood by the following Specification taken in conjunction with the associated drawings in which like components are given the same reference numeral, and:
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a secondary belt according to the present invention having parallel protuberances with parallel deflection conduits therebetween, the protuberances and deflection conduits being oriented at a diagonal relative to the machine direction and the cross machine direction;
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of Figure l; and Figure 3 is a top plan view of an alternative secondary belt according to the present invention having protuberances which are not equidistantly spaced from the adjacent protuberances and which form individual cells within the deflection conduits.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises an apparatus for manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure.The apparatus according to the present invention may be embodied in a variety of forms, such as stationary plates for making hand sheets, rotating drums for continuous processing and preferably endless belts 10 for ordinary papermaking machinery as illustrated in Figure 1.
Although these, and other, embodiments of the present invention are suitable, except as noted below, the preferred embodiment of the endless belt 10 is the embodiment discussed below with the understanding that other embodiments may be readily carried out by one skilled in the art.
The preferred endless belt 10 embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention comprises two primary elements: a patterned framework of protuberances 20 and a reinforcing structure 30. The reinforcing structure 30 of the belt 10 has two opposed major surfaces.
One major surface is the paper contacting side 32 and from which the protuberances 20 extend. The other major surface of the reinforcing structure 30 of the papermaking belt 10 is the backside 34, which contacts the machinery employed in a typical papermaking operation. Machinery 5 employed in a typical papermaking operation include vacuum pickup shoes, rollers, etc., as are well known in the art and will not be further discussed herein.
Generally, for a belt 10 according to the present invention, the "machine direction" of the belt 10 is the direction within the plane of the belt 10 parallel to the principal direction of travel of the cellulosic fibrous structure during manufacture.
o The machine direction is designated by arrows "MD" in Figures 1 and 3. The cross machine direction is generally orthogonal to the machine direction and also lieswithin the plane of the belt 10. The Z-direction is orthogonal to both the machine direction and cross machine direction and generally normal to the plane of the belt 10 at any position in the papermaking process. The machine direction, cross 5 machine direction, and Z-direction form a Cartesian coordinate system.
The belt 10 according to the present invention is essentially macroscopically monoplanar. As used herein a component is "macroscopically monoplanar" if such component has two very large dimensions in comparison to a relatively small third dimension. The belt 10 is essentially macroscopically monoplanar in recogr~tion 2 o that deviations from absolute planarity are tolerable, but not ~referl ed, so long as the deviations do not adversely affect the performance of the papermaking belt 10 in making cellulosic fibrous structures thereon.
In a rotating drum embodiment of the present invention (not shown), the reinforcing structure 30 may comprise a generally cylindrical shell having a 2 5 plurality of holes therethrough. In a papermaking belt 10 embodiment, the reinforcing structure 30 comprises a series of filaments, prerel ably woven in arectangular pattern to define interstices therebetween. The interstices allow fluids, such as drying air, to pass through the belt 10 according to the present invention.
The interstices form one of the groups of openings in the papermaking belt 10 3 o according to the present invention, which openings are prerel ably smaller than those defined by the pattern of the framework.
If desired, the reinforcing structure 30 may have vertically stacked machine direction filaments to provide increased stability and load bearing capability.
By vertically stacking the machine direction filaments of the reinforcing structure 30, the overall durability and performance of a belt 10 according to the present invention is enhanced.
The reinforcing structure 30 should not present significant obstruction to the flow of fluids, such as drying air therethrough and, therefore, should be highlypermeable. The permeability of the reinforcing structure 30 may be measured by o the airflow therethrough at a differential pressure of about 1.3 centimeters of water (0.5 inches of water). A ~re~led reinforcing structure 30 having no framework ofprotuberances 20 attached thereto should have a permeability at this differential pressure of about 240 to 490 standard cubic meters per minute per square meter of belt 10 area (800 to 1,600 standard cubic feet per minute per square foot). Of course, it will be apparent that the permeability of the belt 10 will be reduced when the framework of protuberances 20 is attached to the reinforcing structure 30. A belt 10 having a framework of protuberances 20 prerel ably has an air permeability of about 90 to 180 standard cubic meters per minute per square meter (300 to 600 standardcubic feed per minute per square foot).
2 o In an alternative embodiment, the reinforcing structure 30 of a belt 10 according to the present invention may have a textured backside 34. The texturedbackside 34 has a surface topography with asperities to prevent the buildup of papermaking fibers on the backside 34 of the belt 10, reduces the differential pressure across the belt 10 as a vacuum is applied thereto during the papermaking 2 5 process, and increases the rise time of the differential pressure prior to the maximum differential pressure occurring.
A particularly ple~ed reinforcing structure 30 for use with the present invention may be made in accordance with the teachings of commonly assigned U.S.Patent 5,098,522 issued March 24, 1992 to Smurkoski, et al. which patent is 3 o r~lellced herein for its showing of how to make a particularly ~re~ dreinforcing structure 30 suitable for use with a papermaking belt 10 in accordance with the present invention and showing a process for making cellulosic fibrous structures using such a papermaking belt 10.
The other primary component of the papermaking belt 10 according to the 3 5 present invention is the patterned framework of protuberances 20.
~ ~.
W O 94/04750 2 1 4 2 6 0 ~ PCT/US93/07~ 9 - ' 1 0 The protuberances 20 define deflection conduits 40 therebetween. The deflection conduits 40 allow water to be removed from the cellulosic fibrous structure by the application of differential fluid pressure, by evaporative mechanisms, or both when drying air passes through the cellulosic fibrous structure while on the papermaking belt 10 or a vacuum is applied through the belt 10. The deflection conduits 40 allow the cellulosic fibrous structure to deflect in the Z-direction and generate the caliper of and aesthetic patterns on the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure.
The protuberances 20 are arranged in a semicontinuous pattern. As used herein, a pattern of protuberances 20 is considered to be "semicontinuous" if a plurality of the protuberances 20 extends substantially throughout one dimension of the apparatus, and each protuberance 20 in the plurality is spaced apart from adjacent protuberances 20.
The protuberances 20 in the semicontinuous pattern may be generally parallel as illustrated in Figure 1, may form a wave pattern as illustrated in Figure 3, and/or may form a pattern in which adjacent protuberances 20 are offset from one another with respect to the phase of the pattern as illustrated in Figure 3. The semicontinuous protuberances 20 may be aligned in any direction within the plane of the papermaking belt 10.
Thus, the protuberances 20 may span the entire cross machine direction of the belt 10, may endlessly encircle the belt 10 in the machine direction, or may run diagonally relative to the machine and cross machine directions. Of course, the directions of the protuberance 20 alignments (machine direction, cross machine direction, or diagonal) discussed above refer to the principal alignment of the protuberances 20.
Within each alignment, the protuberance 20 may have segments aligned at other directions, but aggregate to yield the particular alignment of the entire protuberance 20.
Protuberances 20 arranged in a framework having a semicontinuous pattern are to be distinguished from a pattern of discrete protuberances 20, in which any one protuberance 20 does not extend substantially throughout a principal direction of the papermaking belt 10. An example of discrete protuberances 20 is found at Figure 4 of commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued April 30, 1985 to Johnson, et al.
Similarly, a pattern of semicontinuous protuberances 20 is to be distinguished from protuberances 20 forming an essentially continuous pattern. An essentially continuous pattern extends substantially throughout both the machine direction and cross machine direction of the papermaking belt 10, although not necessarily in a straight line fashion. Alternatively, a pattern may be continuous because the o framework forms at least one essentially unbroken net-like pattern. Examples of protuberances 20 forming an essentially continuous pattern is illustrated by Figures 2-3 of the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued to Johnson, et al or by the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,528,239 issued to Trokhan.
As illustrated in Figure 2, the framework of semicontinuous protuberances 20 according to the present invenffon is joined to the reinforcing structure 30 andextends outwardly from the paper contacting side 32 thereof in the Z-direction. The protuberances 20 may have straight sidewalls, tapered sidewalls, and be made of any material suitable to withstand the temperatures, pressures, and deformationswhich occur during the papermaking process. Particularly pre~lled protuberances 2 o 20 are made of photosensitive resins.
The photosensitive resin, or other material used to form the pattern of semicontinuous protuberances 20, may be applied and joined to the reinforcing structure 30 in any suitable manner. A particularly prefelled manner of attachment and joining is applying liquid photosensitive resin to surround and envelop the 2 5 reinforcing structure 30, cure the portions of the liquid photosensitive resin which are to form the semicontinuous pattern of the protuberances 20, and wash away the balance of the resin in an uncured state. Suitable processes for manufacturing apaperm.aking belt 10 in accordance with the present invention are disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,514,345 issued to Johnson, et al., commonly assigned 3 o U.S. Patent 4,528,239 issued July 9, 1985 to Trokhan, and the aforementioned U.S.
Patent 5,098,522 issued to Smurkoski, et al., which patents are referel.ced herein for their showing a particularly ~rerelled manner (~ ' WO 94/04750 2 1 4 2 6 0 ~ PCI/US93/07-'9 of forming the protuberances 20 and joining the protuberances 20 to the reinforcing structure 30.
As is evident from a reading of any of the three aforementioned patents incorporated by reference, the pattern of the protuberances 20 is determined by transparencies in a mask through which an activating wave length of light is passed. The activating light cures portions of the photosensitive resin opposite the transparencies. Conversely, the portions of the photosensitive resin opposite the opaque regions of the mask are washed away, leaving the paper contacting side 32 of the reinforcing surface exposed in such areas.
Thus, to form a particularly preferred embodiment of a papermaking belt 10 according to the present invention, the mask must be formulated with transparent regions having a semicontinuous pattern as described above. Such a mask will form a like pattern of protuberances 20 on the papermaking belt 10.
For the embodiments described herein, protuberances 20 forming a semicontinuous pattern should have characteristics which produce desired properties of the cellulosic fibrous structures. The geometry of the protuberances 20 significantly influences the properties of the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure made on the secondary belt 10. For example, the protuberances 20 may produce hinge lines in the cellulosic fibrous structure, which hinge lines impart softness or burst strength thereto.
Furthermore, the semicontinuous pattern of protuberances 20 wi 11 yield a like semicontinuous pattern of high and low density regions in the cellulosic fibrous structure made on this belt 10. Such a pattern in the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure occurs for two reasons.
First, the regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure coincident the semicontinuous deflection conduits 40 will be dedensified by the air flow therethrough or will be dedensified by the application of a vacuum to the deflection conduits 40. Preferably, the regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure coincident the protuberances 20 will be densified by the transfer of the cellulosic fibrous structure to a rigid backing surface, such as a Yankee drying drum.
The geometry of the protuberances 20 may be considered in a single direction, or may be considered in two dimensions, and may be considered 13 21~2GO~
as either lying within or normal to the plane of the secondary belt 10 according to the present invention.
Particularly, the Z-direction extent of the protuberances 20 in a single direction normal to the plane of the belt 10 determines the height of the protuberances 20 above the paper contacting surface of the reinforcing structure 30. If the height of the protuberances 20 is too great, pinholing and apparent transparencies or light transmission through the cellulosic fibrous structure will occur. Conversely, if the Z-direction dimension of the protuberances 20 is smaller, the resulting cellulosic fibrous structure will have less caliper. As noted above, both pinholing and low caliper are undesirable because they present an apparently lower quality cellulosic fibrous structure to the consumer.
For the embodiments described herein, the protuberances 20 preferably have a height between 0.05 and 0.64 millimeters (0.002 and 0.025 inches), preferably between 0.13 and 0.38 millimeters (0.005 and 0.015 inches), and more preferably between 0.20 and 0.26 millimeters (0.008 and 0.010 inches).
Referring back to Figure 1 and continuing the single direction analysis, the spacing between inwardly facing edges of adjacent protuberances 20 must be considered. If, within limits, the spacing is too great for a given Z-direction extent, pinholing is more likely to occur. Also, if the spacing between the inwardly facing edges of adjacent protuberances 20 is too great, another undesired resultant phenomenon may be that fibers will not span the distal ends 46 of adjacent protuberances 20, resulting in a cellulosic fibrous structure having lesser strength than can be obtained if individual fibers span adjacent protuberances 20. Conversely, if the spacing between the inwardly facing edges of adjacent protuberances 20 is too small, the cellulosic fibers will bridge adjacent protuberances 20, and in an extreme case little caliper generation will result. Therefore, the spacing between the inwardly facing surfaces of adjacent protuberances 20 must be optimized to allow sufficient caliper generation to occur and minimize pinholing.
For the embodiments described herein, the inwardly facing surfaces of adjacent protuberances 20 may be spaced about 0.64 to about 1.40 WO 94/04750 2 1 4 2 6 0 ~ 14 PCT/US93/0''-9 '' :
millimeters apart (0.025 to 0.055 inches) in a direction generally orthogonal to such surfaces. This spacing will result in a cellulosic fibrous structure which generates maximum caliper when made of conventional cellulosic fibers, such as Northern softwood kraft or eucalyptus.
A further single dimension analysis relates to the width across the distal edge of the protuberance 20. The width is measured generally normal to the principal dimension of the protuberance 20 within the plane of the belt 10 at a given location. If the protuberance 20 i s not wide enough, the protuberance 20 wi 11 not withstand the pressures and temperature differentials encountered during and incidental to the papermaking process. Accordingly, such a papermaking belt 10 will have a relatively short life and have to be frequently replaced. If the protuberances 20 are too wide, a more one-sided texture will again result and the cell size, discussed below, must be increased to compensate.
Of course, it is to be recognized that the protuberances 20 are typically tapered and may occupy a greater projected surface area at the proximal edge of the protuberance 20. For the embodiments described herein, typically the proximal area of the protuberances 20 is about 25 to 75 percent of the belt 10 surface area and the distal area of the protuberances 20 is about 15 to 65 percent of the belt 10 surface area.
Generally, for the embodiments described herein, protuberances 20 having a width at the proximal ends of about 0.3 to 1.3 millimeters (0.011 to 0.050 inches) are suitable. The protuberances 20 may have a width at the distal ends 46 of about 0.13 to 0.64 millimeters (0.005 to 0.025 inches), and preferably may have a width at the distal ends 46 of about 0.20 to 0.46 millimeters (0.008 to 0.018 inches).
Examining the pattern of semicontinuous protuberances 20 in two dimensions, particularly the machine and cross machine directions, it is apparent that two different types of protuberances 20 may be utilized in accordance with the present invention. All of the protuberances 20 are generally nonintersecting. The first type of protuberance 20, illustrated in Figure 1, utilizes generally parallel (although not necessarily straight) protuberances 20. These protuberances 20 have WO 94/04750 PCI'/US93/07629 15 ''' 21~260~) generally equal spacings in the deflection conduits 40 therebetween, so that individual cells 42 are not formed.
Conversely, as illustrated in Figure 3, the secondary belt 10 may have noncontacting protuberances 20 which are not equidistantly spaced from the adjacent protuberances 20 and which may define individual cells 42 within the deflection conduits 40. The protuberances 20 of such a belt 10 may not be parallel. Furthermore, the protuberances 20 may not be of constant width. Either arrangement may yield deflection conduits 40 having fiber bridging of adjacent protuberances 20 in certain areas and fiber deflection into the deflection conduits 40 in other areas.
This arrangement provides the advantage that a cellulosic fibrous structure having a semicontinuous pattern and three mutually different densities may be formed. The three densities occur due to: 1) low density fibers spanning adjacent protuberances 20 and which deflect in the Z-direction from the distal end 46 of the protuberances 20 an amount at least about the thickness of the high density regions of the cellulosic fibrous structure; 2) intermediate density fibers which bridge adjacent protuberances 20 and deflect in the Z-direction an amount less than about 50 percent of the Z-direction deflection found in the low density fibers of the cellulosic fibrous structure; and 3) high density densified fibers coincident the distal ends 46 of the protuberances 20.
A semicontinuous pattern three density cellulosic fibrous structure such as this provides the benefits of more isotropic flexibility, better softness, and a more pleasing texture than a like cellulosic fibrous structure made on a secondary belt 10 having parallel protuberances 20.
The three densities may be arranged in cells 42 of low density regions bounded by regions of intermediate and high density.
Cells 42 are defined as the discrete low density regions in the cellulosic fibrous structures that occur between and are bounded by the semicontinuous high density regions and the discrete intermediate density regions in a cellulosic fibrous structure containing at least three different densities, or are defined as the corresponding regions of the secondary belt 10 producing such a cellulosic fibrous structure.
If the individual cells 42 in deflection conduits 40 between the protuberances 20 are too large, the caliper generated during the drying WO 94/04750 PCT/US93/07~-~
- 214260~ 16 process may not withstand subsequent calendering or other converting operations, particularly for relatively low basis weight cellulosic fibrous structures. Thus, a relatively lower caliper (and apparently lower quality) product will be presented to the consumer - despite adequate caliper generation occurring during manufacture. Also, large cells may increase the one-sidedness of the texture.
Conversely, if the individual cells 42 in the deflection conduits 40 between adjacent protuberances 20 are too small, low caliper generation may result, as noted above relative to the one-dimensional spacing between adjacent protuberances 20. Furthermore, if the individual cells 42 are too small, the width of the distal edges of the cells may be too small for a given cell size and poor belt 10 life will again result.
The individual cells 42 may be arranged in any desired matrix. The individual cells 42 may be aligned in either or both the machine direction and/or cross machine direction. The individual cells 42 may be staggered in either the machine direction, the cross machine direction, or, alternatively, preferably the individual cells 42 are bilaterally staggered. For the embodiments described herein, protuberances 20 having approximately 16 to 109 cells 42 per square centimeter (100 to 700 cells 42 per square inch), and preferably approximately 31 to approximately 78 individual cells 42 per square centimeter (200 to 500 individual cells 42 per square inch) and more preferably about 62 cells per square centimeter (400 cells per square inch) are judged suitable.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the belt 10 having a semicontinuous pattern of protuberances 20 and semicontinuous pattern of deflection conduits 40 may be used as a forming wire in the wet end of the papermaking machine. When such a belt 10 is used as a forming wire in the papermaking machine, a cellulosic fibrous structure having regions of at least two mutually different basis weights will result. The at least two mutually different basis weights in the cellulosic fibrous structure may be aligned in either the machine direction, the cross machine direction, or diagonally thereto.
This cellulosic fibrous structure provides the advantage, for example, that if the semicontinuous pattern of mutually different basis weights is aligned in the cross machine direction and the cellulosic fibrous structure i8 to be utilized as a core-wound paper product (such as toilet tissue or paper toweling) the low basis weight regions provide a tear line. This tear line is useful when the free end of the core-wound paper product is pulled in tension, such as occurs when the user desires a finite length of product for hou~ehold tasks. The cellulosic fibrous structure will usually tear at the line formed through the low basis weight region. This arrangement provides the advantage that the perforating operation may be eliminated during paper converting and the further advantage that the consumer may select sheets of almost any different size, as may be needed for the task, rather than being limited by the spacing between the perforations provided by the converting operation.
EXAMPLES
Comparative examples of cellulosic fibrous structures were made on a secondary belt 10 having a continuous pattern according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent, a secondary belt 10 having a discrete pattern according to Figure 8 of commo~ly assigned U.S. Patent 4,239,065 issued December 16, 1980 to Trokhan, and a secondary belt 10 having a semicontinuous pattern according to the present invention were constructed.
The semicontinuous pattern belt 10 has a large sized pattern of roses superimposed on the semicontinuous protuberance 20. This rose pattern is illustrated in com~o~ly assigned U.S. Patent No. 5,328,565 issued July 12, 1994, Rasch et al., correspo~; ng to C~n~;an Patent Application 2,069,193, published December 20, 1992. The protuberances 20 were 0.33 millimeters (0.013 inches) in thickness, as designated in Figure 3 by ~; ~nsion T. The protuberances 20 formed generally rectangularly shaped cells 42 having a major ~;men~ion of 1.22 millimeters (0.048 inches), as designated by ~;~en~ion A and a minor dimension of 0.69 millimeters (0.027 inches), as designated by dimension N. Each protuberance 20 ~n ~, 17a 21 42606 was most closely separated from the adjacent protuberance 20 by a distance of 0.23 millimeters (0.009 inches), as indicated by ~;mPn~ion C.
The continuous pattern belt and semicontinuous pattern belt 10 each had 62 cells 42 per square centimeter (400 cells 42 per square inch). The discrete pattern belt had a mesh count of 23 x 17 filaments per square centimeter (59 x 44 filaments per square inch), yielding approximately 67cells per square centimeter (433 cells per square inch). A cell was determined to be either a individual polygonal deflection conduit in the continuous pattern belt made according to the aforementioned Trokhan patent, a unit formed by six filament knuckles in the discrete pattern belt made according to the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent, or a unit cell 42 within a deflection conduit 40 as previously defined in the belt 10 according to the present invention.
o The continuous pattern and semicontinuous pattern secondary belts 10 each had a Z-direction protuberance 20 extent of about 0.23 millimeters (0.009 inches).
The apparent protuberance 20 height for the belt 10 made according to the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent was measured by the pattern of the weave.
Particularly, the apparent protuberance 20 height was taken as the caliper of the secondary belt, less the shute filament diameter. To maintain approximately equal cell 42 counts and an a~ro~riate diameter of the filaments forming the reinforcing structure 30 in the discrete pattern belt 10, the aforementioned 0.23 millimeters (0.009 inches) protuberance 20 height could not be maintained for the discrete pattern belt 10. Instead the apparent protuberance 20 height was 0.32 millimeters 2 o (0.013 inches).
This example illustrates the choice that must be made between cell size and protuberance 20 height when using a discrete pattern belt 10 made according to the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent. However, given the great commerciai success of cellulosic fibrous structures made on belts 10 according to the aforementioned 2 5 Trokhan '065 patent, it was judged to be a suitable standard against which to compare cellulosic fibrous structures made on a semicontinuous pattern belt 10 according to the present invention.
The cellulosic fibrous structure made on these three aforementioned belts 10 were layered in a trilaminate. The two outboard layers each comprised at least forty 3 o percent of the total furnish and were eucalyptus fiber. The central layer comprised the balance of the furnish and was Northern softwood kraft (NSK) fiber. The layering process is described in more detail in commonly assigned U.S. Patent 3,994,771 issued November 30, 1976, to Morgan, Jr., et al., which patent is refelellced herein for its showing how these layered cellulosic fibrous structures were made for 3 5 this example.
C~ !
The cellulosic fibrous structures made for these examples had a consistency of 20 percent at the couch roll. The vacuum shoe used to transfer the embryonic webfrom the forming wire to the secondary belts had a vacuum of 31.8 centimeters ofMercury (12.5 inches of Mercury).
The resulting cellulosic fibrous structures were tested for basis weight as measured according to ASTM Standard D585-74, tensile strength as measured on a Thwing Albert tensile machine having a cross head separation rate of 10.2 0 centimeters per minute (4 inches per minute), and a gage length of 5.08 centimeters ~2 inches). Caliper was measured under a confining pressure of 14.7 grams per square centimeter (95 grams per square inch). The tensile strength varied little from sample to sample, when the effect of different percentages of Northern softwood kraft fibers is taken into account.
As can be seen from Table I, the basis weights of all three samples were essentially constant. The cellulosic fibrous structure made on the discrete pattern belt 10 had considerably less caliper than the cellulosic fibrous structures made on the semicontinuous and continuous patterned belts 10.
The cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt 10 2 o showed no correlation of doctor blade impact angle to caliper. The cellulosic fibrous structures made on the semicontinuous and discrete belts 10 showed a monotonically decreasing relationship in caliper as the impact angle of the doctor blade was increased. Thus, the only belt 10 to provide both relatively high caliper and a linear and monotonic correlation of doctor blade impact angle to such caliper 2 5 is the belt 10 according to the present invention.
The caliper benefits shown in Table I were maintained throughout subsequent converting operations.
C'' -WO 94/04750 PCI /US93/07'~
21~2606 20 ~ o C o oo ~ 1_ 0 >, ~ _ CO ~ ~ ~ CO
C C~ ~ ~
r - I r~
+~ ~ a ~ cn~
O ~ _ ~_ s_ o o~ o ~ o~
e~
5_ ._ 0 0 0 S
S ~ CO
~CO ~ ~
S V~
~ O
_ S_ O ~ O O
~ ~ O Cl~ O ~ I~
S_ ~O~
r O ~ ~ ~ ~ O
O, a~ ~ ~
S S_ ~n _ O ~ ~ 4_ r-- _ ~ ~ ~ L _ ._ ._ ~_ ~a ~ ~a ) v) E
o 3 V~ L
L C~ a~
._ 0~ ~ ~ CL
O y ~
O ~ ~ O t~l ;~
21 21 q260~
Additional testing was conducted to determine the effects of protuberance 20 pattern on sheet curl, shrinkage, and pinholing. For these tests the doctor blade impact angle was held at a constant impact angle of 81 degrees. A discrete pattern belt 10 made generally according to Figure 4 of the aforementioned Johnson, et al. patent was substituted for the discrete pattern belt 10 made according to the Trokhan '065 patent utilized in the prior Examples. The discrete pattern belt 10 utilized for this example had 62 cells per square centimeter (400 cells per square inch) and a protuberance 20 height of 0.2 millimeters (0.009 inches). The protuberances 20 were generally rectangularly shaped with rounded ends, had an aspect ratio of 3.375 and alternating protuberances 20 were oriented at 90 degree angles, as illustrated by the imprint pattern of Figure 1 of the aforementioned Trokhan '065 patent.
The cellulosic fibrous structures made on these three belts 10 had approximately equal basis weights, to compare the effects of protuberance 20 pattern on sheet curling, shrinkage and pinholing. Pinholing was measured by a Paperlab-1 Formation RoboTester supplied by Kajaani Automation of Norcross, Georgia.
Sheet curl and sheet shrinkage were ascertained by measuring the sheet width just prior to the Yankee (PY), between the calender rolls and the reel (BCR), and after cutting from the parent roll (AC). Sheet curl is then given by the formula: (PY - BCR)/PY. Sheet shrinkage is given by the formula: (PY - AC)/PY.
Table IIA illustrates three cellulosic fibrous structures made according to the aforementioned belts 10 and having a total tensile strength of approximately 400 grams per inch. Table IIB illustrates the same cellulosic fibrous structures, except the total tensile strength is about 500 grams per inch. In both Table IIA and Table IIB, softness (which is strongly influenced by tensile strength) is corrected to the appropriate tensile strength by 0.1 PSU of softness per 25 grams per inch of tensile strength.
WO 94/04750 PCI /US93/07 --~
214260~ 22 a ._ .
L
V) L
; ~ N o ~ ~ ~ O
C , ~
-- ~C e~- O 00 ~.D O O cn ~ ~ O 1~ c~ J N O O
O O
O L
~--S
El--c C ~_ L >, a ~~ L ~ 0 ~1 0~ ~
cL ~_ ~ o l_ In ~ C~J _ O O ~ O O
~_ .... .........
~ I a e~ O ~ a~ o o _ cn o o ~o ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ o o ~~ ,c ~ -- ~ ~ O
L
~ O
v~ L
~--S
1~ ~
L C
a)-_ a ~ L
E~
C~
C~J N 1~ ~ O et ~ 1 ~a~ ~ ... ......... .
o ~ t o ~ a~ o o ~ -- ~ o c~ D ~ ~ ~ O
S _ ---- ~D O
O
C L
O _C
O ~
O
V
L ~_ C~
a~ E
S
O ~
v~ L O ~ -- -- -- ~----~ c o O
~ O _ ~ C C ~ ~~ J J ~ - J
o ~ -- ~o v~ ~n ~ a~CL ~ ~ ~ _ _ ~.
c_~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ L
~ ~ s ~a~ cL c ~-- o~ a) C _ ~ a~ av) v~ c v~ v~ ~ ~ -- _ ~--t' ~~_ a~ a) L _ _ c Ct~ ~ ~ -- ~
C ---- a~ ~~ ~ O ~--~-- ~ ~ ~ -- -- ~ ~ ~ ~ -c O _~ 3 c v~ L V~
J ca) _ c ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~-- _ _ c ~ a.l a~ _ ~ ~ o o_ ~ o ~ ~
yv~ ) ~c ~I L ~~ C C Q) ~lJ
~1 oL ~_ --- S S
TABL13 IIB .1~
tn Continuous Pattern Discrete PatternSemicontinuous Pattern ~
Through-Air Drying Through-Air Drying Through-Air Drying Condition Belt Belt Belt Softness (PSU) 0.79 -0.08 0.5 Tens. Cor. Soft.-400TT (PSU) 0.85 0.23 0.72 Tens. Cor. Soft.-500TT (PSU) 0.45 -0.17 0.32 square feet 18.09 18.18 17.89 CD Tensile (g/in.) 170 212 200 MD Tensile (g/in.) 246 265 255 Total Tensile (g/in.) 416 477 455 Starch (pounds/ton) 4 4 4 ~-NSK (percent) 20 15 20 CD Stretch (percent) 13.56 6.26 7.12 CD Modulus (percent) 5.05 17.90 15.71 r~
MD Modulus (percent) - 3.80 3.60 4.09 Modulus (percent) 4.38 8.03 8.02 Burst (9) 181.4 148.4 162.9 o Sink (sec.) 3.05 1.49 3.11 Pinholes (percent lightspots) 4.97 5.35 1.84 Sheet Curl (percent) 5.2 0.0 0.0 ~
Sheet Shrink (percent) 0.0 0.0 o.o O
Burst/Tensile Ratio 0.44 0.31 0.36 ~
WO 94/04750 PCr/US93/0''-~
214260~ ~
~ 24 As can be seen from Tables IIA and IIB, the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the belt 10 according to the present invention had better sheet shrinkage and curl than the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt, but had shrinkage and curl generally equivalent to that of the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the discrete pattern belt. Also, the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the belt 10 according to the present invention had a better burst strength to tensile strength ratio than the cellulosic fibrous structure made on a discrete pattern belt, however the burst strength to tensile strength ratio was not as good as that of the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt. Furthermore, the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the belt 10 according to the present invention had better pinholing than the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the continuous pattern belt, but had mixed results relative to pinholing compared to the cellulosic fibrous structure made on the discrete pattern belt.
It is recognized that many variations and combinations of patterns, protuberance 20 sizes, and spacings may be made within the scope of the present invention. All such variations are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A macroscopically monoplanar secondary apparatus used in manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure and having two mutually orthogonal principal directions, a machine direction and a cross machine direction, said apparatus comprising a reinforcing structure and a semicontinuous patterned framework of protuberances, said protuberances having a vector component extending substantially throughout one of said principal directions of said apparatus, each said protuberance being spaced apart from an adjacent protuberance.
2. A macroscopically monoplanar secondary belt for manufacturing a cellulosic fibrous structure and having two mutually orthogonal principal directions, a machine direction and a cross machine direction, said belt comprising:
a reinforcing structure; and a framework of protuberances joined to said reinforcing structure and extending outwardly therefrom to define deflection conduits between said protuberances, said framework of protuberances comprising a semicontinuous pattern, said protuberances having a vector component extending substantially throughout one principal direction of said belt, each said protuberance of said pattern being spaced apart from an adjacent protuberance in said pattern.
a reinforcing structure; and a framework of protuberances joined to said reinforcing structure and extending outwardly therefrom to define deflection conduits between said protuberances, said framework of protuberances comprising a semicontinuous pattern, said protuberances having a vector component extending substantially throughout one principal direction of said belt, each said protuberance of said pattern being spaced apart from an adjacent protuberance in said pattern.
3. A secondary belt according to Claim 2 wherein a plurality of said protuberances comprising said patterned framework are generally parallel.
4. A secondary belt according to Claim 2 wherein a plurality of said protuberances comprising said patterned framework are not equidistantly spaced from the adjacent protuberances.
5. A secondary belt according to Claim 2 wherein a plurality of said protuberances comprising said patterned framework are generally parallel to one said principal direction.
6. A secondary belt according to Claim 2 wherein a plurality of said protuberances comprising said patterned framework are not equidistantly spaced from the adjacent protuberances.
7. A secondary belt according to Claim 3 wherein said framework of protuberances comprises cured photosensitive resin.
8. A secondary belt according to Claim 4 wherein said framework of protuberances comprises cured photosensitive resin.
9. A secondary belt according to Claim 5 wherein said framework of protuberances comprises cured photosensitive resin.
10. A secondary belt according to Claim 6 wherein said framework of protuberances comprises cured photosensitive resin.
11. A secondary belt according to Claim 4 wherein said protuberances form individual cells in said deflection conduits.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002206750A CA2206750C (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1993-08-16 | Papermaking belt having semicontinuous pattern and paper made thereon |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US93695492A | 1992-08-26 | 1992-08-26 | |
US07/936,954 | 1992-08-26 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002206750A Division CA2206750C (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1993-08-16 | Papermaking belt having semicontinuous pattern and paper made thereon |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2142606A1 CA2142606A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
CA2142606C true CA2142606C (en) | 1998-08-04 |
Family
ID=25469259
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002142606A Expired - Lifetime CA2142606C (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1993-08-16 | Papermaking belt having semicontinuous pattern and paper made thereon |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5628876A (en) |
EP (2) | EP0656968B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3361807B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100290989B1 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE172260T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU683428B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9306993A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2142606C (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ50695A3 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69321597T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0656968T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2122038T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI105113B (en) |
HU (1) | HU218422B (en) |
NO (1) | NO307576B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ255752A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994004750A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (262)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5861082A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1999-01-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet pressed paper web and method of making the same |
US5795440A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1998-08-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of making wet pressed tissue paper |
CZ183596A3 (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1996-11-13 | Procter & Gamble | Wet pressed paper structure and process for producing thereof |
US5904811A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1999-05-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet pressed paper web and method of making the same |
US5556509A (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-09-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper structures having at least three regions including a transition region interconnecting relatively thinner regions disposed at different elevations, and apparatus and process for making the same |
US5549790A (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-08-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-region paper structures having a transition region interconnecting relatively thinner regions disposed at different elevations, and apparatus and process for making the same |
US5871887A (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1999-02-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web patterning apparatus comprising a felt layer and a photosensitive resin layer |
BR9508192A (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1997-08-12 | Procter & Gamble | Apparatus for use in the manufacture of a fiber texture of making paper paper structure and process for forming a paper texture |
US6010598A (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 2000-01-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt with improved life |
US5830316A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of wet pressing tissue paper with three felt layers |
US5906710A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1999-05-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper having penninsular segments |
US5827384A (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1998-10-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for bonding webs |
US5914177A (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 1999-06-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wipes having a substrate with a discontinuous pattern of a high internal phase inverse emulsion disposed thereon and process of making |
US6039839A (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2000-03-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for making paper structures having a decorative pattern |
US6547924B2 (en) | 1998-03-20 | 2003-04-15 | Metso Paper Karlstad Ab | Paper machine for and method of manufacturing textured soft paper |
SE511736C2 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-11-15 | Nordiskafilt Ab Albany | Embossing ribbon for a paper machine |
US6103067A (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2000-08-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt providing improved drying efficiency for cellulosic fibrous structures |
US7265067B1 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 2007-09-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for making structured paper |
US6110324A (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 2000-08-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt having reinforcing piles |
US7935409B2 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2011-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue sheets having improved properties |
TW580530B (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2004-03-21 | Kimberly Clark Co | Roll of tissue sheets having improved properties |
ZA200007449B (en) | 1998-08-06 | 2001-06-14 | Kimberly Clark Co | Rolls of tissue sheets having improved properties. |
US6099781A (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2000-08-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt and process and apparatus for making same |
US6149849A (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2000-11-21 | The Procter & Gamble Copmany | Process and apparatus for making papermaking belt |
DE19837182B4 (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2007-01-25 | Stahlecker, Fritz | Conveyor belt for transporting a fiber strand to be compacted |
US6251331B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2001-06-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process and apparatus for making papermaking belt using fluid pressure differential |
US6103062A (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-08-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of wet pressing tissue paper |
US6554963B1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2003-04-29 | Albany International Corp. | Embossed fabrics and method of making the same |
US6270878B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2001-08-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wipes having a substrate with a discontinous pattern of a high internal phase inverse emulsion disposed thereon and process of making |
US6344241B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2002-02-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process and apparatus for making papermaking belt using extrusion |
US6358594B1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2002-03-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt |
US6501002B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2002-12-31 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Disposable surface wipe article having a waste contamination sensor |
US6117270A (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2000-09-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belts having a patterned framework with synclines therein and paper made therewith |
US6602387B1 (en) | 1999-11-26 | 2003-08-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Thick and smooth multi-ply tissue |
US6478927B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2002-11-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of forming a tissue with surfaces having elevated regions |
US6464829B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2002-10-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue with surfaces having elevated regions |
US6576090B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2003-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deflection member having suspended portions and process for making same |
US6743571B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2004-06-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Mask for differential curing and process for making same |
US6660129B1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2003-12-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure having increased surface area |
US6420100B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2002-07-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making deflection member using three-dimensional mask |
US6576091B1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2003-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-layer deflection member and process for making same |
US6989075B1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2006-01-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tension activatable substrate |
US6610173B1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2003-08-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Three-dimensional tissue and methods for making the same |
US6749721B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-06-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for incorporating poorly substantive paper modifying agents into a paper sheet via wet end addition |
US20030042195A1 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-06 | Lois Jean Forde-Kohler | Multi-ply filter |
US6790796B2 (en) | 2001-10-05 | 2004-09-14 | Albany International Corp. | Nonwovens forming or conveying fabrics with enhanced surface roughness and texture |
US6821385B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2004-11-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of manufacture of tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements using fabrics comprising nonwoven elements |
US6787000B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2004-09-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fabric comprising nonwoven elements for use in the manufacture of tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements and method thereof |
US6790314B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2004-09-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fabric for use in the manufacture of tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements and method thereof |
US6746570B2 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2004-06-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent tissue products having visually discernable background texture |
US6749719B2 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2004-06-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of manufacture tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements |
US6837956B2 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2005-01-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | System for aperturing and coaperturing webs and web assemblies |
US6832546B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-12-21 | Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh | Embossing device |
US6824650B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-11-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous materials treated with a polyvinylamine polymer |
US7214633B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2007-05-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polyvinylamine treatments to improve dyeing of cellulosic materials |
US7799968B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2010-09-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sponge-like pad comprising paper layers and method of manufacture |
US20030157000A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fluidized bed activated by excimer plasma and materials produced therefrom |
ATE298817T1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2005-07-15 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | DRY SCREEN AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
PT1357223E (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2006-09-29 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | CLUTCH OF PAPER MACHINERY AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE |
US6911114B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2005-06-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue with semi-synthetic cationic polymer |
US7128810B2 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2006-10-31 | Albany International Corp. | Anti-rewet press fabric |
US7128809B2 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2006-10-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | High caliper web and web-making belt for producing the same |
US20040084162A1 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-06 | Shannon Thomas Gerard | Low slough tissue products and method for making same |
US6951598B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-10-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hydrophobically modified cationic acrylate copolymer/polysiloxane blends and use in tissue |
US6818101B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-11-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tissue web product having both fugitive wet strength and a fiber flexibilizing compound |
US20040115451A1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Yellowing prevention of cellulose-based consumer products |
US20040110017A1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-10 | Lonsky Werner Franz Wilhelm | Yellowing prevention of cellulose-based consumer products |
US7994079B2 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2011-08-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Meltblown scrubbing product |
US20040111817A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Disposable scrubbing product |
US6949167B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-09-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products having uniformly deposited hydrophobic additives and controlled wettability |
US6875315B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2005-04-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Non-woven through air dryer and transfer fabrics for tissue making |
US6878238B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Non-woven through air dryer and transfer fabrics for tissue making |
US6994770B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-02-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Strength additives for tissue products |
US6896766B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2005-05-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Paper wiping products treated with a hydrophobic additive |
US7147751B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-12-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wiping products having a low coefficient of friction in the wet state and process for producing same |
US7169265B1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2007-01-30 | Albany International Corp. | Method for manufacturing resin-impregnated endless belt and a belt for papermaking machines and similar industrial applications |
US6916402B2 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2005-07-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for bonding chemical additives on to substrates containing cellulosic materials and products thereof |
US7005043B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-02-28 | Albany International Corp. | Method of fabrication of a dryer fabric and a dryer fabric with backside venting for improved sheet stability |
US7008513B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-03-07 | Albany International Corp. | Method of making a papermaking roll cover and roll cover produced thereby |
US7022208B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-04-04 | Albany International Corp. | Methods for bonding structural elements of paper machine and industrial fabrics to one another and fabrics produced thereby |
US7005044B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-02-28 | Albany International Corp. | Method of fabricating a belt and a belt used to make bulk tissue and towel, and nonwoven articles and fabrics |
US7919173B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2011-04-05 | Albany International Corp. | Method for controlling a functional property of an industrial fabric and industrial fabric |
US7166196B1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2007-01-23 | Albany International Corp. | Method for manufacturing resin-impregnated endless belt structures for papermaking machines and similar industrial applications and belt |
US7014735B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-03-21 | Albany International Corp. | Method of fabricating a belt and a belt used to make bulk tissue and towel, and nonwoven articles and fabrics |
US20040163785A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-26 | Shannon Thomas Gerard | Paper wiping products treated with a polysiloxane composition |
US7396593B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2008-07-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single ply tissue products surface treated with a softening agent |
US8241543B2 (en) | 2003-08-07 | 2012-08-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method and apparatus for making an apertured web |
US7141142B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2006-11-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of making paper using reformable fabrics |
US7186318B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-03-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties |
US7811948B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2010-10-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue sheets containing multiple polysiloxanes and having regions of varying hydrophobicity |
US7147752B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2006-12-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hydrophilic fibers containing substantive polysiloxanes and tissue products made therefrom |
US7479578B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2009-01-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Highly wettable—highly flexible fluff fibers and disposable absorbent products made of those |
US20050136772A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite structures containing tissue webs and other nonwovens |
US20050186397A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures with improved softness |
US7377995B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2008-05-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft durable tissue |
US20060069370A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article having a liner with areas that prevent lotion and adhesive migration |
US20060088696A1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-04-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Reinforced fibrous structures |
US20060093788A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Disposable food preparation mats, cutting sheets, placemats, and the like |
US20060135026A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite cleaning products having shape resilient layer |
US7676088B2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2010-03-09 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Imprint lithography |
US7670459B2 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2010-03-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft and durable tissue products containing a softening agent |
US8911850B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2014-12-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Amorphous patterns comprising elongate protrusions for use with web materials |
US7374639B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2008-05-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt |
US7694433B2 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2010-04-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web handling apparatus and process for providing steam to a web material |
US7829177B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2010-11-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web materials having offset emboss patterns disposed thereon |
US20070048357A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous wiping products |
US7749355B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2010-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tissue paper |
US20070093157A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High speed, pressure bonded, thin sheet laminate |
US20070116928A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Jean-Louis Monnerie | Sheet slitting forming belt for nonwoven products |
US8778386B2 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2014-07-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Anti-microbial substrates with peroxide treatment |
US7883604B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2011-02-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Creping process and products made therefrom |
US7837832B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2010-11-23 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Additive compositions for treating various base sheets |
US7837831B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2010-11-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products containing a polymer dispersion |
US8444811B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2013-05-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for increasing the basis weight of sheet materials |
US7842163B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2010-11-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Embossed tissue products |
US7820010B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2010-10-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Treated tissue products having increased strength |
BRPI0620686B1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2018-01-16 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | METHOD FOR FORMATING AN ARTICLE OF CELLULOSE AND ARTICLE BASED ON CELLULOSE |
US7879191B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2011-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wiping products having enhanced cleaning abilities |
US20070137811A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Premoistened tissue products |
US20070137814A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue sheet molded with elevated elements and methods of making the same |
US7879189B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2011-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Additive compositions for treating various base sheets |
US7807023B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2010-10-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for increasing the basis weight of sheet materials |
US7879188B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2011-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Additive compositions for treating various base sheets |
WO2008156454A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wiping products having enhanced oil absorbency |
US7988824B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2011-08-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue product having a transferable additive composition |
US20070256802A1 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-08 | Jeffrey Glen Sheehan | Fibrous structure product with high bulk |
US7744723B2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2010-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure product with high softness |
US8152959B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2012-04-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Embossed multi-ply fibrous structure product |
US20070298221A1 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2007-12-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-ply fibrous structures and products employing same |
US7914649B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2011-03-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt for making multi-elevation paper structures |
US20080099170A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process of making wet-microcontracted paper |
US7799411B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2010-09-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent paper product having non-embossed surface features |
US7785443B2 (en) | 2006-12-07 | 2010-08-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for producing tissue products |
US9327888B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2016-05-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Array of sanitary tissue products |
US7588662B2 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2009-09-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products containing non-fibrous polymeric surface structures and a topically-applied softening composition |
USD618920S1 (en) | 2007-05-02 | 2010-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper product |
US8372766B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2013-02-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs |
US8697934B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2014-04-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sensor products using conductive webs |
US8058194B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2011-11-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs |
US20090057456A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Thomas Gerard Shannon | Rolled Tissue Product Having a Flexible Core |
US20090057169A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Benjamin Joseph Kruchoski | Spindle and Spindle Attachments for Coreless and Flexible Core Rolled Tissue Products |
US20090136722A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-28 | Dinah Achola Nyangiro | Wet formed fibrous structure product |
US7914648B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2011-03-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Device for web control having a plurality of surface features |
US7811665B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2010-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Compmany | Embossed fibrous structures |
US7687140B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2010-03-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
US8025966B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2011-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
US7960020B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2011-06-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Embossed fibrous structures |
US7704601B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2010-04-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
US20090233049A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Coform Nonwoven Web Formed from Propylene/Alpha-Olefin Meltblown Fibers |
US8017534B2 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-09-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous nonwoven structure having improved physical characteristics and method of preparing |
US20090280297A1 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-12 | Rebecca Howland Spitzer | Paper product with visual signaling upon use |
US20100119779A1 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2010-05-13 | Ward William Ostendorf | Paper product with visual signaling upon use |
US7944401B2 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2011-05-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Radiating element for a signal emitting apparatus |
AU2009252769B2 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2014-03-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs containing electrical pathways and method for making same |
US8940323B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2015-01-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products having a cooling sensation when contacted with skin |
US20100040825A1 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-18 | John Allen Manifold | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
CA2735867C (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2017-12-05 | Dixie Consumer Products Llc | Food wrap basesheet with regenerated cellulose microfiber |
US8172982B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-05-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conductive webs and process for making same |
US8110072B2 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2012-02-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Through air dried papermaking machine employing an impermeable transfer belt |
US8105463B2 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2012-01-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Creped tissue sheets treated with an additive composition according to a pattern |
US8795717B2 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2014-08-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products including a temperature change composition containing phase change components within a non-interfering molecular scaffold |
USD636608S1 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2011-04-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper product |
MX2012005647A (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2012-06-13 | Procter & Gamble | Belt having semicontinuous patterns and nodes. |
US8480852B2 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2013-07-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Cooling substrates with hydrophilic containment layer and method of making |
US9181465B2 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2015-11-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Temperature change compositions and tissue products providing a cooling sensation |
US8334049B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2012-12-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
US8334050B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2012-12-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
EP2539507A1 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2013-01-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure product with high wet bulk recovery |
US8287693B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2012-10-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt having increased de-watering capability |
US8282783B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2012-10-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt having a permeable reinforcing structure |
US8313617B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2012-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Patterned framework for a papermaking belt |
US8163130B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2012-04-24 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Paper product having unique physical properties |
US8211271B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2012-07-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper product having unique physical properties |
US8298376B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2012-10-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Patterned framework for a papermaking belt |
US9752281B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2017-09-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US20130005555A1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2013-01-03 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Method of creating a cross-machine direction fold line boundary |
US8616126B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2013-12-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates |
US8833250B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-09-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates |
US8916260B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-12-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8985013B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-03-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates |
US8920911B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8665493B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-03-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8943958B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates |
US8927092B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-01-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8927093B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-01-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8943957B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates |
US8943959B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Unique process for printing multiple color indicia upon web substrates |
US8839716B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-09-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates |
US8916261B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-12-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8962124B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-02-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8758560B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-06-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon |
US8943960B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2015-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Unique process for printing multiple color indicia upon web substrates |
US8839717B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2014-09-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Unique process for printing multiple color indicia upon web substrates |
US9242406B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-01-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus and process for aperturing and stretching a web |
US8657596B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2014-02-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method and apparatus for deforming a web |
US9925731B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2018-03-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Corrugated and apertured web |
CN107034724B (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2019-12-17 | 凯米罗总公司 | Paper and method of making paper |
US9777434B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2017-10-03 | Kemira Dyj | Compositions and methods of making paper products |
US9458574B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2016-10-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
WO2013179139A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-05 | Kemira Oyj | Compositions and methods of making paper products |
CA2876651C (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2018-10-09 | Kemira Oyj | Compositions and methods of making paper products |
EP2867010A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2015-05-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textured fibrous webs, apparatus and methods for forming textured fibrous webs |
US8968517B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2015-03-03 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft through air dried tissue |
CA2886043A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-03 | Kemira Oyj | Absorbent materials, products including absorbent materials, compositions, and methods of making absorbent materials |
US8815054B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2014-08-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods for making fibrous paper structures utilizing waterborne shape memory polymers |
CA2892582C (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2021-03-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Smooth and bulky tissue |
PT2929087T (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2017-03-23 | Kemira Oyj | Compositions used in paper and methods of making paper |
US9562326B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-02-07 | Kemira Oyj | Compositions and methods of making paper products |
US20160053436A1 (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2016-02-25 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Clothing for a machine for manufacturing a web material |
US9085130B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2015-07-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Optimized internally-fed high-speed rotary printing device |
US9289329B1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2016-03-22 | Curt G. Joa, Inc. | Method for producing pant type diapers |
US9802392B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2017-10-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Microtextured multilayered elastic laminates with enhanced strength and elasticity and methods of making thereof |
US9358759B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2016-06-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Multilayered elastic laminates with enhanced strength and elasticity and methods of making thereof |
US10213990B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2019-02-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods to make stretchable elastic laminates |
US11391000B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2022-07-19 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
US10132042B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2018-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
CN106660307B (en) | 2014-09-03 | 2019-06-14 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | Intensity and the multilayer elastic laminates of elasticity with enhancing and preparation method thereof |
AU2015320307A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2017-03-16 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Methods of making paper products using a multilayer creping belt, and paper products made using a multilayer creping belt |
US9988763B2 (en) | 2014-11-12 | 2018-06-05 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Cannabis fiber, absorbent cellulosic structures containing cannabis fiber and methods of making the same |
US10517775B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2019-12-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles having distribution materials |
EP3023084B1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2020-06-17 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Absorbent article and distribution material |
US10765570B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2020-09-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles having distribution materials |
WO2016086019A1 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2016-06-02 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing |
MX2017006840A (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2018-11-09 | Manufacturing process for papermaking belts using 3d printing technology. | |
US10933577B2 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2021-03-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Unitary deflection member for making fibrous structures having increased surface area and process for making same |
US9976261B2 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2018-05-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Unitary deflection member for making fibrous structures having increased surface area and process for making same |
US9938666B2 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2018-04-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Unitary deflection member for making fibrous structures having increased surface area and process for making same |
US9926667B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2018-03-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Seamless unitary deflection member for making fibrous structures having increased surface area and process for making same |
US10544547B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-28 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
US10538882B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-21 | Structured I, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
CA3001608C (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2023-12-19 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
US10144016B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2018-12-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for non-contact printing of actives onto web materials and articles |
AU2017218159A1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2018-08-30 | Structured I, Llc | Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine |
USD813480S1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2018-03-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wiper substrate |
EP3426212B1 (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2020-10-21 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Compositioned, textured nonwoven webs |
WO2017156203A1 (en) | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A three-dimensional substrate comprising a tissue layer |
US10233593B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2019-03-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Unitary deflection member for making fibrous structures and process for making same |
US20170314206A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same |
WO2018039623A1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Structured I, Llc | Method of producing absorbent structures with high wet strength, absorbency, and softness |
WO2018049390A1 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Structured I, Llc | Former of water laid asset that utilizes a structured fabric as the outer wire |
CA3036897C (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2021-11-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
WO2018081192A1 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Creped fibrous structures |
WO2018081500A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deflection member for making fibrous structures |
US10676865B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2020-06-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deflecting member for making fibrous structures |
US10865521B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2020-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deflecting member for making fibrous structures |
US11583489B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2023-02-21 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
US10619309B2 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2020-04-14 | Structured I, Llc | Tissue product made using laser engraved structuring belt |
US11396725B2 (en) | 2017-10-27 | 2022-07-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deflecting member for making fibrous structures |
WO2019104240A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-31 | Extrusion Group, LLC | Meltblown die tip assembly and method |
US11207874B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2021-12-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making fibrous structures with shaped polymer particles |
US10920376B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2021-02-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures with shaped polymer particles |
DE102018114748A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Laminated paper machine clothing |
US11697538B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-07-11 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
US11738927B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
EP3829509B1 (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2023-12-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Webs with compositions applied thereto |
EP3829510B1 (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2023-12-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Webs with compositions thereon |
EP3840709B1 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2023-11-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article |
EP3873732B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2024-02-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Embossed multi-ply tissue products |
CA3064406C (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2023-03-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
USD897117S1 (en) | 2019-01-14 | 2020-09-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent sheet |
US20230323598A1 (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Sanitary Tissue Products Comprising Non-wood Fibers and Having Improved Formation |
WO2023245029A1 (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2023-12-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Digital arrays comprising sustainable sanitary tissue products |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US528A (en) * | 1837-12-20 | Improvement in cooking-stoves | ||
US239A (en) * | 1837-06-19 | Machine for scraping hides | ||
FR1148810A (en) | 1955-02-21 | 1957-12-16 | British Filters Ltd | Improvements in filtration means and their manufacture |
GB993584A (en) * | 1962-01-24 | |||
US3301746A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1967-01-31 | Procter & Gamble | Process for forming absorbent paper by imprinting a fabric knuckle pattern thereon prior to drying and paper thereof |
US3738905A (en) * | 1970-04-29 | 1973-06-12 | Kimberly Clark Co | Paper toweling material and method of combining into multi ply products |
US3961119A (en) * | 1973-03-15 | 1976-06-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Embossed paper toweling and method of production |
JPS5231446A (en) * | 1975-09-04 | 1977-03-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | System for controlling speed of both legs of portal crane |
US4483728A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1984-11-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Relieved patterned marrying roll |
US4528239A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1985-07-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deflection member |
US4514345A (en) * | 1983-08-23 | 1985-04-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of making a foraminous member |
US4919756A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-04-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of and apparatus for compensatingly adjusting doctor blade |
US5098522A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Papermaking belt and method of making the same using a textured casting surface |
US5126015A (en) * | 1990-12-12 | 1992-06-30 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Method for simultaneously drying and imprinting moist fibrous webs |
-
1993
- 1993-08-16 ES ES93920035T patent/ES2122038T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 CA CA002142606A patent/CA2142606C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 EP EP93920035A patent/EP0656968B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 NZ NZ255752A patent/NZ255752A/en unknown
- 1993-08-16 WO PCT/US1993/007629 patent/WO1994004750A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-16 AT AT93920035T patent/ATE172260T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-16 JP JP50642494A patent/JP3361807B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-16 BR BR9306993A patent/BR9306993A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-16 AU AU50098/93A patent/AU683428B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-08-16 AT AT98103179T patent/ATE226988T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-16 DK DK93920035T patent/DK0656968T3/en active
- 1993-08-16 DE DE69321597T patent/DE69321597T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-16 HU HU9500582A patent/HU218422B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-16 ES ES98103179T patent/ES2182159T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 EP EP98103179A patent/EP0851060B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-16 KR KR1019950700737A patent/KR100290989B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-08-16 CZ CZ95506A patent/CZ50695A3/en unknown
- 1993-08-16 DE DE69332457T patent/DE69332457T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-02-06 US US08/384,199 patent/US5628876A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-23 NO NO950677A patent/NO307576B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-24 FI FI950861A patent/FI105113B/en active
- 1995-05-22 US US08/445,607 patent/US5714041A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2142606C (en) | Papermaking belt having semicontinuous pattern and paper made thereon | |
AU700550B2 (en) | Multiple layer papermaking belt providing improved fiber support for cellulosic fibrous structures, and cellulosic fibrous structures produced thereby | |
US5500277A (en) | Multiple layer, multiple opacity backside textured belt | |
US7128809B2 (en) | High caliper web and web-making belt for producing the same | |
US7749355B2 (en) | Tissue paper | |
WO2005080683A2 (en) | Fibrous structures with improved softness | |
CA2586471C (en) | Reinforced fibrous structures | |
AU745387B2 (en) | High caliper paper and papermaking belt for producing the same | |
CA2206750C (en) | Papermaking belt having semicontinuous pattern and paper made thereon | |
US20080099170A1 (en) | Process of making wet-microcontracted paper | |
MX2007004996A (en) | Reinforced fibrous structures | |
MXPA01003328A (en) | High caliper paper and papermaking belt for producing the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request |