CA1243529A - Tissue paper - Google Patents

Tissue paper

Info

Publication number
CA1243529A
CA1243529A CA000461586A CA461586A CA1243529A CA 1243529 A CA1243529 A CA 1243529A CA 000461586 A CA000461586 A CA 000461586A CA 461586 A CA461586 A CA 461586A CA 1243529 A CA1243529 A CA 1243529A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
web
deflection
domes
papermaking fibers
foraminous member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000461586A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul D. Trokhan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1243529A publication Critical patent/CA1243529A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21FPAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/006Making patterned paper
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005Mechanical treatment

Abstract

TISSUE PAPER

ABSTRACT

Soft, absorbent paper webs and processes for making them. In the process, an aqueous dispersion of the papermaking fibers is formed into an embryonic web on a first foraminous member such as a Fourdinier wire. This embryonic web is associated with a second foraminous member known as a deflection member. The surface of the deflection member with which the embryonic web is associated has a macroscopic monoplanar, continuous, patterned network surface which defines within the deflection member a plurality of discrete, isolated deflection conduits. The papermaking fibers in the web are deflected into the deflection conduits and water is removed through the deflection conduits to form an intermediate web. Deflection begins no later than the time water removal through the deflection member begins. The intermediate web is dried and foreshortened as by creping. The paper web has a distinct continuous network region and a plurality of domes dispersed throughout the whole of the network region.

Description

43S~Z~

- TISSUE PAPER

Rackground of the Invention Field of the Invention This invention relates to strong, soft, absorbent paper webs and to the processes for making them.

Background Art One pervasive feature of daily life in modern industrialized societies is the use of disposable products, particularly disposable products made of paper. Paper towels, facial tissues, sanitary tissues, and the like are in almost constant use. Naturally, the manufacture of items in such great demand has become, in the Twentieth Century, one of the largest industries in industrially developed countries. The general demand for disposable paper products has, also naturally, created a demand for improved versions of the products and of the methods of their manufacture.
Despite great strides in paper making, research and development efforts continue to be aimed at improving both the products and their processes of manufacture.

Disposabie products such as paper towels, facial tissues, sanitary tissues, and the like are made from one or more webs of-tissue paper. If the products are to perform their intended tasks and to find wide acceptance, they, and the tissue paper webs from which they are made, must exhibit certain physicai characteristics. Among the more important of these characteristics are strength, softness, and absorbency.

Strength is the ability of a paper web to retain its physical integrity during use.

~,~4~5Z9 Softness is the pleasing tactile sensation the user perceives as he crumples the paper in his hand and contacts various portions of his anatomy with it.

Absorbency is the characteristic of the paper which allows it to take up and retain fluids, particularly water and aqueous solutions and suspensions. Important not only is the absolute quantity of fluid a given amount of paper will hold, but also the rate at which the paper will absorb the fluid. When the paper is formed into a device such as a towel or wipe, the ability of the paper to cause a fluid to preferentially be taken up into the paper and thereby leave a wiped surface dry is also important.

An example of paper webs which have been widely accepted by the consuming public are those made by the process describ8ed in U.S. Patent 3,301,746 issued to Sanford and Sisson on January 31, 1967. Other widely accepted paper products are made by the process described in U.S. Patent 3,994,771 issued to Morgan and Rich on November 30, 1976 . Despite the high qual ity of products made by these two processes, the search for still improved products has, as noted above, continued. The present invention is a noteworthy fruit of that search.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is of an improved paper and of the process by which the improved paper is made.

The improved paper of this invention is characterized as having two regions: one is a network (or open grid) region, the other is a plurality of domes. the domes appear to be protuberances when viewed from one surface of the paper and cavities when viewed from the opposite surface. ) The network is continuous, is macroscopically monoplanar, and forms a preselected pattern. It completely encircies the domes and isolates one dome from another. The domes are dispersed throughout the whole of the network region. The network region has a relatively low basis weight and a relative high density while the domes have relatively h;gh basis weights and relatively low densities. Further, the domes exhibit relatively low intrinsic strength while the network region exhibits relatively high intrinsic strength.

The improved paper of this invention exhibits good absorbency, softness, tensile strength, burst strength, bulk (apparent density) and, depending on the preselected pattern of the network region, the ability to stretch in the machine direction, in the cross-machine direction, and in intermediate directions even in the absence of creping.

The improved paper of this invention can, once again depending on the pattern of the network region, take on a clothlike appearance and character.

The paper webs of the present invention are useful in the manufacture of numerous products such as paper towels, sanitary tissues, faciai tissues, napkins, and the like. They are also useful in other applications where nonwoven fabrics currently find utility.

The process of this invention comprises the steps of:

(a) Providing an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers;

(b) Forming an embryonic web of papermaking fibers from the aqueous dispersion on a first foraminous member;

(c) Associating the embryonic web with a second foraminous member which has one surface (the embryonic web-contacting surface) comprising a macroscopically monoplaner network surface which is continuous and patterned and which defines within the ` ~2~529 second foraminous member a plurality of discrete, isolated, deflection conduits;

(d) Deflecting the papermaking fibers in the embryonic web into the deflection conduits and removing water from the embryonic web through the deflection conduits so as to form an intermediate web of papermaking fibers under such conditions that the deflection of the papermaking fibers is initiated no later than the time at which the water removal through conduits is initiated;

(e) Drying the intermediate web; and (f) Foreshortening the web.

Accordingly, it is an object of an aspect of this invention to provide an improved paper web to be used in the manufacture of numerous products used in the home and by business and industry.

It is an object of an aspect of this invention to provide an improved and novel papermaking process.

It is an object of an aspect of this invention to provide soft, strong, absorbent paper products for use in the home and by business and industry.

Various aspects of this invention are as follows:
A process for making a strong, soft, absorbent, paper web comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers;
(b) forming an embryonic web of said papermaking fibers from said dispersion on a first foraminous member;
(c) contacting said embryonic web with a second foraminous member having an embryonic web-contacting surface comprising a macroscopically I' 4a~ lZ4~!5z9 monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface defining within said second foraminous member a plurality of discrete, isolated, nonconnecting deflection conduits; said second ~oraminous member having a second surface;
(do deflecting at least a portion of said papermaking fibers in said embryonic web into said deflection conduits intermediate said embryonic web-contacting surface and said second surface and removing water from said embryonic weh through said conduits and rearranging said papermaking fibers to form an intermediate web of said papermaking fibers under such conditions that said deflecting is initiated no later than the initiation of said water removal;
(e) predrying said intermediate web in association with second foraminous member to a consistency of from about 25% to about 98% to form a predried web of papermaking fibers;
(f) impressing said network surface into said predried web by intexposing said predried web between said second foraminous member and an impression surface to form an imprinted web of papermaking fibers; and (g) drying said imprinted web.

A process for making a strong, soft, absorbent paper web comprising the steps ox:
(a) providing an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers;
tb3 forming an embryonic web of said papermakiny gibers from said dispersion on a first foraminous member, said first foraminous member comprising a Fourdrinear wire;
(c) contacting said embryonic web with a second foraminous member, said second foraminous member comprising an endless belt hiving an embryonic web-contacting surface, said web-contacting surface comprising a macxoscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface defining within said 4b second foraminous member a plurality of discrete, isolated, nonconnecting, deflection conduits the perimeter of essentially each of said deflection conduits defining a polygon having six sides, said deflection conduits being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array, wherein the effective free span of the opening of essentially each of said deflection conduits in the plane of said network surface is from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers, and wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said polygon to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent in the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95; said second foraminous memher having a second surface;
(d) deflecting at least a portion of said papermaking fibers in said embryonic web into said deflection conduits intermediate said embryonic web-contacting surface and said second surface and removing water from said embryonic web through said conduits through the use of differential fluid pressure and rearranging said papermaking fibers to form an intermediate web of said papermaking fibers under such conditions that said deflection is initiated no later than the initiation of said water removal;
(e) predrying said intermediate web to a consistency of from about 25% to about 98% to form a predried web of papermaking fibers;
(f) impressing said network surface into said predried web by interposing said predried web between said second foraminous member and an impression surface to form an imprinted web of papermaking ibers;
(g) drying said imprinted web on said impression surface to form a dried web; and "

~Z4L~529 4c oh) creping said dried web from said impression surface.

A process for making a strong, soft, absorbent paper web comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers;
(b) forming an embryonic web of said papermaking fibers from said dispersion on a first foraminous member, said first foraminous member comprising a Fourdrinear wire;
(c) contacting said embryonic web with a second foraminous member, said second foraminous member comprising an endless belt having an embryonic web-contacting surface, said web-contacting surface comprising a macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface defining within said second foraminous member a plurality of discrete, isolated, nonconnecting, deflection conduits, the perimeter of essentially each of said deflection conduits defining a closed figure having nonlinear sides, said deflection conduits being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array, wherein the effective free span of the opening of essentially each of said deflection conduits in the plane of said network surface is from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers, and wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said closed figure to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95; said second foraminous member having a second surface;
(d) deflecting at least a portion of said papermaking fibers in said embryonic web into said deflection ~2~529 4d conduits intermediate said embryonic web-contacting surface and said second surface and removing water from said embryonic web through said conduits through the use of differential fluid pressure and rearranging said papermaking fibers to form an intermediate web of said papermaking fibers under such conditions that said deflection is initiated no later than the initiation of said water removal;
(en predrying said intermediate web to a consistency of from about 25% to about 98% to form a predried web of papermaking fibers;
(f) impressing said network surface into said predried web by interposing said predried web between said second foraminous member and an impression surface to form an imprinted web of papermaking fibers;
~g) drying said imprinted web on said impression surface to Norm a dried web; and (h) creping said dried web from said impression surface.

A strong, soft, absorbent paper web of papermaking fibers, said web comprising:
(A) A macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network region having a relatively low basis weight and a relatively high density; and (B) A plurality of discrete domes having relatively high basis weights and relatively low densities, essentially all o said domes being dispersed throughout, encompassed by, and isolated one from another by said network region wherein the average density of said network region is from about 0.400 to about 0~800 gram per cubic centimeter, the average density of said domes is from about 0.040 to about 0.150 gram per cubic centimeter, and the ratio of the average basis weight of said network region to the average basis weight of said domes is less than about 1.0 and greater than about 0.8.

''of 4e~ lZ4~,5Z9 A strong soft, absorbent paper web of papermaking fibers, said web comprising:
(a) A macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network region having an average density of from about 0.400 to about 0.800 gram per cubic centimeter; and (b) A plurality of discrete domes having an average density of from about 0.040 to about 0.150 gram per cubic centimeter, essentially all of said domes being dispersed throughout, encompassed by, and isolated one from another by said network reyion;
the perimeter of essentially each of said domes defining a polygon having six sides; the effective free span of each polygon being from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers;
said domes being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said polygon to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95, wherein the ratio of the average basis weight of said network region to the average basis weight of said domes is less than about 1.0 and greater than about 0.8.

A strong, soft, absorbent paper web of papermaking fibers, and said web comprising:
(a) A macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network region having an average density of from about 0.400 to about 0.800 gram per cubic centimeter; and (b) A plurality of discrete domes having an average density of from about 0.040 to about 0.150 gram per cubic centimeter; essentially all of said domes being dispersed throughout, encompassed by, and t;
it 4f ~4~5~
isolated one from another by said network region;
the perimeter of essentially each of said domes defining a closed figure having nonlinear sides;
the effective free span of each closed figure being from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers; said domes being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said closed figure to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95, wherein the ratio of the average basis weight of said network region to the average basis weight of said domes is less than about 1.0 and greater than about 0.8.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a continuous papermaking machine useful in the practice of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion of a deflection member.

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the deflection member shown in Figure 2 as taken along line 3-3.

5~ i29 Figure 4 is a plan view of an alternate embodiment of a deflection member.

Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the deflection member shown in Figure 4 as taken along line ~-5.

5Figure 6 is a simplified representation in cross section of a portion of an embryonic web in contact with a deflection member.

Figure 7 is a simplified representation of a portion of an embryonic web in contact with a deflection member after the fibers of the embyonic web have been deflected into a delfection 10conduit of the deflection member. I.

Figure 8 is a simplified plan view of a portion of a paper web of this invention.

Figure 9 is a cross sectional view of a portion -of the paper web shown in Figure 8 as taken along line 9-9.

15Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a preferred deflection conduit opening geometry.

In the drawings, like features are identically designated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While this specification concludes with claims particularly 20pointing out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the invention, it is believed that the invention can be more readily unclerstood through perusal of the following detailed description of the invention in combination with study of the associated drawings and appended examples.

124~5~9 The Process The process of this invention comprises a number of steps or operations which occur in time sequence as noted above. Each step will be discussed in detail in the following paragraphs.

First Step The first step in the practice of this invention is the providing of an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers.

Papermaking fibers useful in the present invention include those cellulosic fibers commonly known as wood pulp fibers.
Fibers derived from soft woods (gymnosperms or coniferous trees) and hard woods (angiosperms or deciduous trees are contemplated for use in this invention. The particular species of tree from which the fibers are derived is immaterial.

The wood pulp fibers can be produced from the native wood by any convenient pulping process. Chemical processes such as sulfite, sulphate (including the Kraft) and soda processes are suitable. Mechanical processes such as thermomechanical (or Asplund) processes are also suitable. In addition, the various semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical processes can be used.
Bleached as well as unbleached fibers are contemplated for use.
Preferably, when the paper web of this invention is intended for use in absorbent products such as paper towels, bleached northern softwood Kraft pulp fibers are preferred.

In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers such as cotton linters, rayon, and bagasse can be used in this invention. Synthetic fibers such as polyester and polyolefin fibers can also be used and, in fact, are preferred in certain applications .

12a~ 9 Normally, the embryonic web (which is hereinafter defined) is prepared from an aqueous dispersion of the papermaking fibers. While fluids other than water can be used to disperse the fibers prior to their formation into an embryonic web, the use of these other fluids is not preferred for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is the cost of recovering non-aqueous fluids.

Any equipment commonly used in the art for dispersing fibers can be used. The fibers are normally dispersed at a consistency of from about 0 .1 to about 0 . 3% at the time an embryonic web is formed.

( I n this specification, the moisture content of various dispersions, webs, and the like is expressed in terms of percent consistency. Percent consistency is defined as 100 times the quotient obtained when the weight of dry fiber in the system under discussion is divided by the total weight of the system. An alternate method of expressing moisture content of a system sometimes used in the papermaking art is pounds of water per pound of fiber or, alternatively and equivalently, kilograms of water per kilogram of fiber. The correlation between the two methods of expressing moisture content can be readily developed.
For example, a web having a consistency of 25% comprises 3 kilograms of water per kilogram of fiber; 50%, 1 kilogram of water per kilogram of fiber; and 75%, 0.33 kilogram of water per kilogram of fiber. Fiber weight is always expressed on the basis of bone dry fibers. ) In addition to papermaking fibers, the embryonic web formed during the practice of this invention and, typically, the dispersion from which the web is formed can include various additives commonly used in papermaking. Examples of useful additives include wet strength agents such as urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, polyethyleneimine resins, polyacrylamide resins, and dialdehyde starches. Dry strength additives, such as polysalt coacervates rendered water soluble by the inclusion of ionization suppressors are also used herein. Complete descriptions of useful wet strength agents can be found in Tappi Monograph Series No. 29, Wet Strength in Paper and Paperboard, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (New York, 1965) and in other common references. Dry strength additives are described more fully in U.S. Patent 3,660,338 issued to Economou on May 2, 1972 and in other common references. The levels at which these materials are useful in paper webs is also described in the noted references.
Other useful additives include debonders which increase the softness of the paper webs. Specific debonders which can be used in the present invention include quaternary ammonium chlorides such as ditallowdimethyl ammonium chloride and bis (alkoxy-(2-hydroxy)propylene) quaterary ammonium compounds. U.S.
Patent 3,554,863 issued to Hervey et al. on January 12, 1971 and U.S. Patent 4,144,122 issued to Emanuelsson et 20 al. on March 13, ]979, and U.S. Patent 4,351,699 issued to Osborn, 111 on September 28, 1982 more fully discuss debonders.
In addition, those pigments, dyes, fluorescers, and the like commonly used in paper products can be incorporated in the dispersion.
Second Step The second step in the practice of this invention is forming an embryonic web of papermaking fibers on a first foraminous member from the aqueous dispersion provided in the first step.
A paper web is the product of this invention; it is the sheet of paper which the process of this invention makes and which is used in practical applications either in the form in which it issues ,~

~zg~529 from the process or after conversion to other products. As used in this specification, an embryonic web is that web of fibers which is, during the course of the practice of this invention, subjected to rearrangement on the deflection member hereinafter described. As more fully discussed hereinafter, the embryonic web is formed from the aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers by depositing that dispersion onto a foraminous surface and removing a portion of the aqueous dispersing medium. The fibers in the embryonic web normally have a relatively large quantity of water associated with them; consistencies in the range of from about 5% to about 25% are common. Normally, an embryonic web is too weak to be capable of existing without the support of an extraneous elerr~ent such as a Fourdrinier wire. Regardless of the technique by which an embryonic web is formed, at the time it is subjected to rearrangement on the deflection member it must be held together by bonds weak enough to permit rearrangement of the fibers under the action of the forces hereinafter described.

As noted, the second step in the process of this invention i5 the forming of an embryonic web. Any of the numerous techniques well known to those skilled in the papermaking art can be used in the practice of this step. The precise method by which the embryonic web is formed is immaterial to the practice of this invention so long as the embryonic web possesses the characteristics discussed above. As a practical matter, continuous papermaking processes are preferred, even though batch process, such as handsheet making processes, can be used.
Processes which lend themselves to the practice of this step are described in many references such as U.S. Patent 3,301,746 issued to Sanford and Sisson on January 31, 1974, and U . S .
Patent 3,994,771 issued to Morgan and Rich on November 30, 1976 .

Figure 1 is a simplified, schematic representation of one embodiment of a continuous papermaking machine useful in the practice of the present invention.

5~

An aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers as hereinbefore described is prepared in equipment not shown and is provided to headbox 18 which can be of any convenient design. From headbox 18 the aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers is delivered to a first foraminous member l l which is typically a Fourdrinier wire.

First foraminous member ll is supported by breast roll 12 and a plurality of return rolls of which only two, 13 and 113, are illustrated. First foraminous member 11 is propelled in the direction indicated by directional arrow 81 by drive means not shown. Optional auxiliary units and devices comrlonly associated papermaking machines and with first foraminous member 11, but not shown in Figure l, include forming boards, hydrofoil, vacuum boxes, tension rolls, support rolls, wire cleaning showers, and the like. a-The purpose of headbox 18 and first foraminous member 11, and the various auxiliary units and devices, illustrated and not illustrated, is to form an embryonic web of papermaking fibers.

After the aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers is deposited onto first foraminous member 11, embryonic web 120 is formed by removal of a portion of the aqueous dispersing medium by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Vacuum boxes, forming boards, hydrofoils, and the like are useful in effecting water removal. Embryonic web 120 travels with first foraminous member 11 about return roll 13 and is brought into the proximity of a second foraminous member which has the characteristics described below.

Third Step The third step in the process of this invention is associating the embryonic web with the second foraminous member which is sometimes referred to as the "deflection member. " The purpose of this third step is to bring the embryonic web into contact with ~2~

the deflection member on which it will be subsequently deflected, rearranged, and further dewatered.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the deflection member takes the form of an endless belt, deflection member 19.
In this simplified representation, deflection member 19 passes around and about deflection member return rolls 14, 114, and 214 and impression nip roll 15 and travels in the direction indicated by directional arrow 82. Associated with deflection member 19, but not shown in Figure 1, are various support rolls, return ro!ls, cleaning means, drive means, and the like commonly used in papermaking machines and all well known to those skilled in the art .

Regardless of the physical form which the deflection member takes, whether it be an endless belt as just discussed or some other embodiment such as a stationary plate for use in making handsheets or a rotating drum for use with other types of continuous processes, it must have certain physical characteristics .

First, the deflection member must be foraminous. That is to say, it must possess continuous passages connecting its first surface (or "upper surface" or "working surface": i.e. the surface with which the embryonic web is associated, sometimes referred to as the "embryonic web-contacting surfacel') with its second surface or "lower surface"). Stated in another way, the deflection member must be constructed in such a manner that when water is caused to be removed from the embryonic web, as by the application of differential fluid pressure, and when the water is removed from the embyonic web in the direction of the foraminous member, the water can be discharged from the system without having to again contact the embryonic web in either the liquid or the vapor state.

1 2 3~Z4~5;~3 Second, the embryonic web-contacting surface of the deflection member must comprise a macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface. This network surface must define within the deflection member a plurality of discrete, isolated, deflection conduits.

The network surface has been described as being "macroscopically monoplanar. " As indicated above, the deflection member may take a variety of configurations such as belts, drums, flat plates, and the like. When a portion of the embryonic web-contacting surface of the deflection member is placed into a planar configuration, the network surface is essentially monoplanar. It is said to be "essentially" monoplanar to recognize the fact that deviations from absolute planarity are tolerable, but not preferred, so long as the deviations are not substantial enough to adversely affect the performance of the product formed on the deflection member.
The network surface is said to be "continuous" because the lines formed by the network surface must form at least one essentially unbroken net-like pattern. The pattern is said to be "essentially"
continuous to recognize the fact that interruptions in the pattern are tolerable, but not preferred, so long as the interruptions are not substantial enough to adversely affect the performance of the product made on the deflection member.

Figure 2 is a simplified representation of a portion of deflection member 19. In this plan view, macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface 23 (for convenience, usually referred to as "network surface 23"~ is illustrated. Network surface 23 is shown to define deflection conduits 22. In this simplified representation, network surface 23 defines deflection conduits 22 in the form of I exagons in biiaterally staggered array. It is to be understood that network surface 23 can be provided with a variety of patterns having various shapes, si7es, and orientations as will be more fully - discussed hereinafter. Deflection conduits 22 will, then, also take on a variety of configurations.

3~Z~

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of that portion of deflection member 19 shown in Figure 2 as taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2. Figure 3 clearly illustrates the fact that deflection member l 9 is foraminous in that deflection conduits 22 extend through the entire thickness of deflection member 19 and provide the necessary continuous passages connecting its two surfaces as mentioned above. Deflection member 19 is shown to have a bottom su rface 24, As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, deflection conduits 22 are shown to be discrete. That is, they have a finite shape that depends on the pattern selected for network surface 23 and are separated one from another. Stated in still other words, deflection conduits 22 are discretely perimetrically enclosed by network surface 23. This separation is particularly evident in the plan view. They are also shown to be isolated in that there is no connection within the body of the deflection member between one deflection conduit and another. This isolation one` from another is particularly evident in the cross-section view. Thus, transfer of material from one deflection conduit to another is not possible unless the transfer is effected outside the body of the deflection member .

An infinite variety of geometries for the network surface and the openings of the deflection conduits are possible. The following discussion is concerned entirely with the geometry of the network surface (i.e. 23) and the geometry of the openings (i.e. 29) of the deflection conduits in the plane of the network surface.

First, it must be recognized that the surface of the deflection member comprises two distinct regions: the network surface 23 and the openings 29 of the deflection cond~lits.
Selection of the parameters describing one region will necessarily establish the parameters of the other region. That is to say, since the network surface defines within it the deflection conduits, the specification of the relative directions, orientations, 1~?J~5;~

and widths of each element or branch of the network surface will of necessity define the geometry and distribution of the openings of the deflection conduits. Conversely, specificatk)n of the geometry and distribution of the openings of the deflection conduits will of necessity define the relative directions, orientations, widths, etc. of each branch of the network surface.

For convenience, the surface of the deflection member will be discussed in terms of the geometry and distribution of the openings of the deflection conduits. was a matter of strict accuracy, the openings of the deflection conduits in the surface of the deflection member are, naturally, voids. While there may be certain philosophical problems inherent in discussing the geometry of nothingness, as a practical matter those skilled in the art can readily understand and accept the concept of Jan opening--a hole, as it were--having a size and a shape and a distribution relative to other openings. ) While the openings of the deflection conduit can be of random shape and in random distribution, they preferably are uniform shape and are distributed in a repeating, preselected pattern.

Practical shapes include circles, ovals, and polygons of six or fewer sides. There is no requirement that the openings of the deflection conduits be regular polygons or that the sides of the openings be straight; openings with curved sides, such as trilobal figures, can be used. Especially preferred is the nonregular six-sided polygon illustrated in Figure 10.

Figure 10 is a schematic representation of an especially preferred geometry of the openings of the deflection conduits (and, naturally, of the network surface. Only a portion of simple deflection member 19 showing a repeating pattern (unit cell) is shown. Deflection conduits 22 having openings 29 are separated by network surface 23. Openings 29 are in the form of ~24~529 nonregular six-sided figures. Reference letter "a" represents the angle between the two sides of an opening as illustrated, "f" the point-to-point height of an opening, "c" the CD spacing between adjacent openings, "d" the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in an opening, "e" the width between flats of an opening, "g" the spacing between two adjacent openings in a direction intermediate MD and CD, and "b" the shortest distance (in either MD or CD) between the centerlines of two MD or CD
adjacent openings. In an especially preferred embodiment, for use with northern softwood K raft furnishes, "a" is 135, "c" is 0 . 56 millimeter (0.022 inch), "e" is 1.27 mm (0.050 in.l, "f" is 1.62 mm (0.0~4 in.), "g" is 0.20 mm (0.008 in.) and the ratio of "d"
to "b" is 0 . 63. A deflection member constructed to this geometry has an open area of about 69%. These dimensions can be varied proportionally for use with other furnishes.

preferred spacing is a regular, repeating distribution of the openings of the deflection conduits such as regularly and evenly spaced openings in aligned ranks and files. Also preferred are openings regularly spaced in regulary spaced ranks wherein the openings in adjacent ranks are offset one from another.
Especially preferred is a bilaterally staggered array of openings as illustrated in Fig. 2. It can be seen that the deflection conduits are sufficiently closely spaced that the machine direction (MD) span (or length) of the opening 29 of any deflection conduit (the reference opening) completely spans the MD space intermediate a longitudinally (MD) spaced pair of openings which latter pair is disposed laterally adjacent the reference opening.
Further, the deflection conduits are also sufficiently closely spaced that the cross machine direction (CD) span (or width) of the opening 29 of any deflection conduit (the reference opening) completely spans the CD space intermediate a laterally (CD) spaced pair of openings which latter pair is disposed longitudinally adjacent the reference opening. Stated in perhaps simpler terms, the openings of the deflection conduits are of :~L;24;~5Z9 sufficient size and spacing that, in any direction, the edges of the openings extend past one another.

In papermaking, directions are normally stated relative to machine direction (MD) or cross machine direction ~CD). Machine direction refers to that direction which is parallel to the flow of the web through the equipment. Cross machine direction is perpendicular to the machine direction. These directions are indicated in Figures 2, 4 and 10.

Figures 4 and 5 are analogous to Figures 2 and 3, but illustrate a more practical, and preferred, deflection member.
Figure 4 illustrates in plan view a portion of deflection member 19. Network surface 23 defines openings 29 of the deflection conduits 22 as hexagons in bilaterally staggered array, but it ;is to be understood that, as before, a variety of shapes and orientations can be used. Figure 5 illustrates a cross sectional view of that portion of deflection member 19 shown in Figure 4 as taken along line 5-5. Machine direction reinforcing strands 42 and cross direction reinforcing strands 41 are shown in both Figures 4 and 5. Together machine direction reinforcing strands 42 and cross direction reinforcing strands 41 combine to form foraminous woven element 43. One purpose of the reinforcing strands is to strengthen the deflection member. As shown, reinforcing strands 41 and 42 are round and are provided as a square weave fabric around which the deflection member has been constructed. Any convenient filament size and shape in any convenient weave can be used so long as flow through the deflection conduits is not significantly hampered during web processing and so long as the integrity of the deflection member as a whole is maintained. The material of construction is immaterial; polyester is preferred.

An examination of the preferred type of deflection member illustrated in Fig. 4 will reveal that there are actually two distinct types of openings (or foramina) in the deflection member.

The first is the opening 29 of the deflection conduit 22 the geometry of which was discussed immediately above; the second type comprises the interstices between strands 41 and 42 in woven foraminous element 43. These latter openings are referred S to as fine foramina 44. To emphasize the distinction, the openings - 29 of the deflection conduits 22 are sometimes referred to as gross foramina.

Thus far, little has been written about the geometry of the network surface per se. It is readily apparent, especially from an 10 examination of Fig. 2, that the network surface will comprise a series of intersecting lines of various lengths, orientations, and widths all dependent on the particular geometry and distribution selected for the openings 29 of the deflection conduits. It is to be understood that it is the combination and interrelation of the two 15 geometries which influence the properties of the paper web of this invention. It is also to be understood that interactions between various fiber parameters ( including length, shape, and orientation in the embryonic web) and network surface and deflection conduit geometrics influence the properties of the paper web.

As mentioned above, there an infinite variety of possible geometries for the network surface and the openings of the deflection conduits. Certain broad guidelines for selecting a particular geometry can be stated. First, regularly shaped and regulary organized gross foramina are important in controlling the physical properties of the final paper web. The more random the organization and the more complex the geometry of the gross foramina, the greater is their effect on the appearance attributes of a web. The maximum possible staggering of the gross foramina tends to produce isotropic paper webs. If anisotropic paper webs are desired, the degree of staggering of the gross foramina should be reduced.

5econd, for most purposes, the open area of the deflection member (as measured solely by the open area of the gross 1 8 ~24~5Z9 foramina) should be from about 35% to about 85~6. The actual dimensions of the gross foramina (in the plane of the surface of the deflection member) can be expressed in terms of effective free span. Effective free span is defined as the area of the opening of 5 the deflection conduit in the plane of the surface of the deflection member (i.e. the area of a gross foramen) divided by one-fourth of the perimeter of the gross foramen. Effective free span, for most purposes, shouid be from about 0. 25 to about 3 . 0 times the average length of the papermaking fibers used in the process, preferably from about 0 . 35 to about 2 . 0 times the fiber length.

In order to form paper webs having the greatest possible strength, it is desirable that localized stresses within the web be minimized. The relative geometries of the network surface and the gross foramina have an effect on this minimization. For simple 15 geometries ugh as circles, triangles, hexagons, etc.) the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed within the gross foramina ("d") to the shortest distance~(in- either MD or CD) between central lines of neighboring gross foramina ("b") should be between about 0 . 45 and about 0. 95 .

The third fact to be considered is the relative orientation of the fibers in the embryonic web, the overall direction of the geometries of the network surfaces and the gross foramina, and the type and direction of foreshortening was the latter is hereinafter discussed). Since the fibers in the embryonic web generally possess a distinct orientation, (which can depend on the operating parameters of the system used to form the embryonic web) the interaction of this fiber orientation with the orientation of the network surface geometry will have an effect on web properties . I n the usual foreshortening operation, i .e . during creping, the doctor blade is oriented in the cross machine direction. Thus the orientation of the geometries of the network surface and the gross foramina relative to the doctor blade ~2~

strongly influence the nature of the crepe and, hence, the nature of the paper web.

As discussed thus far, the network surface and deflection conduits have single coherent geometries. Two or more geometries can be superimposed one on the other to create webs having different physical and aesthetic properties. For example, the deflection member can comprise first deflection conduits having openings described by a certain shape in a certain pattern and defining a monoplanar first network surface all as discussed above. A second network surface can be superimposed on the first. This second network surface can be coplanar with the first and can itself define second conduits of such a size as to include within their ambit one or more whole or fractional first conduits.
Alternatively, the second network surface can be noncoplanar with the first. In further variations, the second network surface can itself be nonplanar. In still further variations, the second (the superimposed) network surface can merely describe open or closed figures and not actually be a network at all; it can, in this instance, be either coplanar or noncoplanar with the first network surface. It is expected that these latter variations (in which the second network surface does not actually form a network) will be most useful in providing aesthetic character to the paper web. As before, an infinite number of geometries and combinations of geometries are possible.

As indicated above, deflection member 19 can take a variety of forms. The method of construction of the deflection member is immaterial so long as it has the characteristics mentioned above.

A preferred form of the deflection member is an endless belt which can be constructed by, among other methods, a method adapted from techniques used to make stencil screens. By "adapted" it is meant that the broad, overall techniques of making stencil screens are used, but improvements, refinements, and
2~

modifications as discussed below are used to make member having significantly greater thickness than the usual stencil screen.

B roadly, a foraminous element ( such as foraminous woven element 43 in Figures 4 and 5) is thoroughly coated with a liquid photosensitive polymeric resin to a preselected thickness. A mask or negative incorporating the pattern of the preselected network surface is juxtaposed the liquid photosensitive resin; the resin is then exposed to light of an appropriate wave length through the mask. This exposure to light causes curing of the resin in the exposed areas. Unexposed (and uncured) resin is removed from the system leaving behind the cured resin forming the network surface defining within it a plurality of discreet, isolated deflection conduits.
.

More particularly, the deflection member can be prepa;ed using as the foraminous woven element a belt of width and length suitable for use on the chosen papermaking machine. The network surface and the deflection conduits are formed on this woven belt in a series of sections of convenient dimensions in a batchwise manner, i . e . one section at a time .

First, a planar forming table is supplied. This forming table preferably is at least as wide as the width of the foraminous woven element and is of any convenient length. It is, preferably, provided with means for securing a backing film smoothly and tightly to its surface. Suitable means include provision for the application of vacuum through the surface of the forming table, such as a plurality of closely spaced orifices and tensioning mea n s .

A relatively thin, flexible, preferably polymeric (such as polypropylene) backing film is placed on the forming table and is secured thereto, as by the application of vacuum or the use of tension. The backing film serves to protect the surface of the forming table and to provide a smooth surface from which the ~35~5~

cured photosensitive resins will, later, be readily released. This backing film will form no part of the completed deflection member.

Preferably, either the backing film is of a color which absorbs activating light or the backing film is at least semi-transparent and the surface of the forming table ahsorbs activating light.

A thin film of adhesive, such as 8091 Crown Spray Heavy Duty Adhesive made by Crown Industrial Products Co. of Hebron, - Illinois, is applied to the exposed surface of the backing film or,alternatively, to the knuckles of the foraminous woven element. A
section of the woven foraminous element is then placed in contact with the backing film where it is held in place by the adhesive.
Preferably, the woven foraminous element is under tension at t,he time it is adhered to the backing film.

Next, the woven foraminous element is coated with liquid photosensitive resin. As used herein, "coated" means that the liquid photosensitive resin is applied to the woven foraminous element where it is carefully worked and manipulated to insure that all the openings in the woven foraminous element are filled with resin and that all of the filaments comprising the woven foraminous element are enclosed with the resin as completely as possible. Since the knuckles of the woven foraminous element are in contact with the backing film in the preferred arrangement, it will not be possible to completely encase the whole of each filament with photosensitive resin. Sufficient additional liquid photosensitive resin is applied to the woven foraminous member to form a deflection member having a certain preselected thickness.
Preferably, the deflection member is from about 0 . 35 mm ( 0 . 014 in.) to about 3.0 mm (0.150 in.) in overall thickness and the network surface is spaced from about 0.10 mm (0.004 in.) to about 2.54 mm (0.100 in.) from the mean upper surface of the knuckles of the foraminous woven element. Any technique well known to those skilled in the art can be used to control the ~435Z9 thickness of the liquid photosensitive resin coating. For example, shims of the appropriate thickness can be provided on either side of the section of deflection member under construction; an excess quantity of liquid photosensitive resin can be applied to the woven foraminous element between the shims; a straight edge resting on the shims and can then be drawn across the surface of the liquid photosensitive resin thereby removing excess material and forming a coating of a uniform thickness.

Suitable photosensitive resins can be readily selected from the many available commercially. They are materials, usually polymers, which cure or cross-link under the influence of activating radiation, usually ultraviolet (UV) light. References containing more information about liquid photosensitive resins include Green et al, "Photocross-linkable Resin Systems," J.
Macro. Sci-Revs. Macro. Chem, C21(2), 187-273 (1981-82) Boyer, "A Review of Ultraviolet Curing Technology, " Tappi Paper Synthetics Conf. Proc., September 25-27, 1978, ~pp 167-172 and Schmidle, "Ultraviolet Curable Flexible Coatings, " J . of Coated Fabrics, 8, 10-20 (July, 1978). An especially preferred liquid photosensitive resin can be selected from the Merigraph series of resins made by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, 3elaware.

Once the proper quantity (and thickness) of liquid photosensitive resin is coated on the woven foraminous element, a cover film is optionally and preferably applied to the exposed surface of the resin. The cover film, which must be transparent to light of activating wave length, serves primarily to protect the mask from direct contact with the resin.

A mask (or negative) is placed directly on the optional cover film or on the surface of the resin. This mask is formed of any suitable material which can be used to shield or shade certain portions of the liquid photosensitive resin from light while 5;~9 allowing the light to reach other portions of the resin. The design or geometry preselected for the network region is, of course, reproduced in this mask in regions which allow the transmission of light while the geometries preselected for the 5 gross foramina are in regions which are opaque to light.

Preferably, a rigid member such as a glass cover plate is placed atop the mask and serves to aid in maintaining the upper surface of the photosensitive liquid resin in a planar configuration .

The liquid photosensitive resin is then exposed to light of the appropriate wave length through the cover glass, the mask., and the cover film in such a manner as to initiate the curing of the liquid photosensitive resin in the exposed areas. It is important to note that when the described procedure is followed, 15 resin which would normally be in a shadow cast by a filament, which is usually opaque to activating light, is cured. Curing this particular small mass of resin aids in making the bottom side of the deflection member planar and in isolating one deflection conduit from another.

After exposure, the cover plate, the mask, and the cover film are removed from the system. The resin is sufficiently cured in the exposed areas to allow the woven foraminous element along with the resin to be stripped from the backing film.

Uncured resin is removed from the woven foraminous element by any convenient means such as vacuum removal and aqueous washing .

A section of the deflection member is now essentially in final form. Depending upon the nature of the photosensitive resin and the nature and amount of the radiation previously supplied to it, the remaining, at least partially cured, photosensitive resin can 1~3529 be subjected to further radiation in a post curing operation as requi red .

The backing film is stripped from the forming table and the process is repeated with another section of the woven foraminous element. Conveniently, the woven foraminous element is divided off into sections of essentially equal and convenient lengths which are numbered serially along its length. Odd numbered sections are sequentially processed to form sections of the deflection member and then even numbered sections are sequentially lQ processed until the entire belt possesses the characteristics required of the deflection member. Preferably, the foraminous woven element is maintained under tension at all times.

In the method of construction just described, the knuckles of the foraminous woven element actually form a portion of the bottom surface of the deflection member . I n other, but less preferred embodiments, the foraminous woven element can be physically spaced from the bottom surface Multiple replications of the above described technique can be used to construct deflection members having the more complex geometries described above.

Fou rth Step The fourth step in the process of this invention is deflecting the fibers in the embryonic web into the deflection conduits and removing water from the embryonic web, as by the application of differential fluid pressure to the embryonic web, to form an intermediate web of papermaking fibers. The deflecting is to be effected under such conditions that there is essentially no water removal from the embryonic web through the deflection conduits after the embryonic web has been associated with the deflection member prior to the deflecting of the fibers into the deflection conduits .

Deflection of the fibers into the deflection conduits is iilustrated in Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6 is a simplified representation of a cross section of a portion of deflection member 19 and embryonic web 120 after embryonic web 120 has been s associated with deflection member 19, but before the deflection of the fibers into deflection conduits 22 as by the application thereto of differential fluid pressure. In Figure 6, only one deflection conduit 22 is shown; the embryonic web is associated with network surface 23, Figure 7, as Figure 6, is a simplified cross sectional view of a portion of deflection member 19. This view, however, illustrates embryonic web 120 after its fibers have been deflected into deflection conduit 22 as by the application of differential fluid pressure. It is to be observed that a substantial portion of the lS fibers in embryonic web 120 and, thus, embryonic web 120 itself, has been displaced below network surface 23 a'nd into deflection conduit 22. Rearrangement of the fibers in embryonic web 120 (not shown) occurs during deflection and water is removed through deflection conduit 22 as discussed more fully hereinafter.

Deflection of the fibers in embryonic web 120 into deflection conduits 22 is induced by, for example, the application of differential fluid pressure to the embryonic web. One preferred method of applying differential fluid pressure is by exposing the embryonic web to a vacuum in such a way that the web is exposed to the vacuum through deflection conduit 22 as by application of a vacuum to deflection member 19 on the side designated bottom surface 24.

In Figure 1, this preferred method is illustrated by the use of vacuum box 126. Optionally, positive pressure in the form of air or steam pressure can be applied to embryonic web 120 in the vicinity of vacuum box 126 through first foraminous member 11.
Means for optional pressure application are not shown in Figure 1.

~2'~5Z9 Association of the embryonic web with the deflection member (the third step of the process of this invention) and the deflecting of the fibers in the embryonic web into the deflection conduits (the first portion of the fourth step of this invention) can be accomplishecl essentially simultaneously through the use of a technique analogous to the wet-rnicrocontraction process used in papermaking . I n accordance with this aspect of the invention, the embryonic web of papermaking fibers is formed on the first foraminous member as in the second step of this invention described above. During the process of forming the embryonic web, sufficient water is noncompressively removed from the embryonic web before it reaches a transfer zone so that the consistency of the embryonic web is preferably from about 10% Jo about 30%. The transfer zone is that location within the papermaking machine at which the embryonic web is transferred from the first foraminous member to the deflection member. In the practice of this embodiment of the invention, the deflection member is preferably a flexible, endless belt w-hich, at the transfer zone, is caused to traverse a convexly curved transfer head. The function of the transfer head is merely to hold the deflection member in an arcuate shape. Optionally, the transfer head is so constructed as to also serve as a means for applying vacuum to the bottom surface of the deflection member thereby aiding in the transfer of the embryonic web. While the deflection member is traversing the transfer head, the first foraminous member is caused to converge with the deflection member and therl to diverge therefrom at sufficiently small acute angles that compaction of the embryonic web interposed between the two is substantially obviated. Optionally, in the transfer zone, a sufficient differential fluid pressure (preferably induced by vacuum applied through the transfer head) is applied to the embryonic web to cause it to transfer from the first foraminous member to the deflection member without substantial compaction (i.e. without a substantial increase in its density). At the point where the first foraminous member and the deflection member are brought into juxtaposition, there is a differential velocity between 27 124~5;~9 the two members. In general, the first foraminous member is traveling at a velocity of from about 7% to about 30% faster than the deflection member. Transferring the embryonic web from the first foraminous member to the deflection member causes the papermaking fihers in the embryonic web to be deflected into the deflection conduits even in the absence of differential fluid pressure. Differential fluid pressure, of course, enhances the deflection and initiates further dewatering as hereinafter described .

Returning now to a general discussion of the process of this invention, it must be noted that either at the time the fibers are deflected into the deflection conduits or after such deflection, water removal from the embryonic web and through the deflection conduits begins. Water removal occurs, for exarnple, under the action of differential fluid pressure. In the machine illustrated in Figure 1, water removal initially occurs at vacuum box 126.
Since deflection conduits 22 are open through the thickness of deflection member 19, water withdrawn from the embryonic web passes through the deflection conduits and out of the system as, for example, under the infiuence of the vacuum applied to bottom surface 24 of deflection member 19. Water removal continues until the consistency of the web associated with conduit member 19 is increased to from about 25Qg to about 35%.

Embryonic web 120 has then been transformed into intermediate web 121.

While applicants decline to be bound by any particular theory of operation, it appears that deflection of the fibers in the embryonic web and water removal from the embryonic web begin essentially simultaneously. Embodiments can, however, be envisioned wherein deflection and water removal are sequential operations. Under the influence of the applied differential fluid pressure, for example, the fibers are deflected into the deflection conduit with an attendant rearrangement of the fibers.

28 5~

Water removal occurs with a continued rearrangement of fibers.
Deflection of the fibers, and of the web, causes an apparent increase in surface area of the web. Further, the rearrangement of fibers appears to cause a rearrangement in the spaces or 5 capillaries existing between and among fibers.

It is believed that the rearrangement of the fibers can take one of two modes dependent on a number of factors such as, for example, fiber length. The free ends of longer fibers can be merely bent in the space defined by the deflection conduit while 10 the opposite ends are restrained in the region of the network surfaces. Shorter fibers, on the other hand, can actually be transported from the region of the network surfaces into the deflection conduit the fibers in the deflection conduits will also be rearranged relative to one another. ) Naturally, it is possib!e 15 for both modes of rearrangement to occur simultaneously.

As noted, water removal occurs both during and after deflection; this water removal results in a decrease in fiber mobility in the embryonic web. This decrease in fiber mobility tends to fix the fibers in place after they have been deflected Jo and rearranged. Of course, the drying of the web in a later step in the process of this invention serves to more firmly fix the fibers in position.

Returning again to a general discussion of the fourth step of the process of this invention, it must be noted that the deflecting 25 must be effected under such conditions that there is essentially no water removal from the embryonic web after its association with the deflection member and prior to the deflection of the fibers into the deflection conduitsO As an aid in achieving this condition, deflection conduits 22 are isolated one from another.
30 This isolation, or compartmentalization, of deflection conduits 22 is of importance to insure that the force causing the deflection, such as an applied vacuum, is applied relatively suddenly and in sufficient amount to cause deflection of the fibers rather than 5~9 gradually, as by encroachment from adjacent conduits, so as to remove water without deflecting fibers.

In the illustrations, the opening of deflection conduit 22 in top surface 23 and its opening in bottom surface 24 are shown essentially equal in size and shape. There is no requirement that the openings in the two planes be essentially identical in size and shape. Inequalities are acceptable so long as each deflection conduit 22 is isolated from each adjacent deflection conduit 22; in fact, circumstances where unequal opens are preferred can be selected. For example, a sharp decrease in the size of a deflection conduit could be useful in forming an interior shelf or ledge which will control the extent of fiber deflection within the deflection conduit. ( In other embodiments, this same type of deflection control can be provided by the woven foraminous element included within the deflection member. ) Further, when the deflection member is a belt, the reverse side of deflection member 19 is provided with bottom surface 24 which is preferably planar. This planar surface tends to contact the means for application of differential fluid pressure vacuum box 126, for example) in such a way that there is a relatively sudden application of differential fluid pressure within each deflection compartment for the reasons noted above.

Fifth Step The fifth step in the process of this invention is the drying of the intermediate web to form the paper web of this invention.

Any convenient means conventionally known in the papermaking art can be used to dry the intermediate web. For example, flow-through dryers and Yankee dryers, alone and in combination, are satisfactory.

~1~J4~jZ9 ~0 A preferred method of drying the intermediate web is illustrated in Figure 1. After leaving the vicinity of vacuum box 126, intermediate web 121, which is associated with the defiection member 19, passes around deflection member return roll 14 and travels in the direction indicated by directional arrow 82.
Intermediate web 121 first passes through optional predryer 125.
This predryer can be a conventional flow-through dryer (hot air dryer) well known to those skilled in the art.

Optionally, predryer 125 can be a so-called capillary dewatering apparatus. In such an apparatus, the intermediate web passes over a sector of a cylinder having preferential-capillary-size pores through its cylindrical-shaped porous cover. Preferably, the porous cover comprises hydrophillic material which is substantially non-resilient and which renders the surfaces of the porous cover wettable by the liquid of interest. One portion of the interior of the cylinder can be subjected to a controlled level of vacuum to effect pneumatically augmented capillary flow of liquid from the web and another portion of the interior of the cylinder can be subjected to pneumatic pressure for expelling the transferred liquid outwardly through a portion of the porous cover which is not in contact with the web . General Iy, the level of vacuum is control led as a function of airflow to maximize iiquid removal from the web while substantially obviating airflow through the capillary-sized pores of the porous cover of the cylinder. Preferential-size pores are such that, relative to the pores of the wet porous web in question, normal capillary flow would preferentially occur from the pores of the web into the preferential-capillary-size pores of the porous cover when the web and porous cover are juxtaposed in surface-to-surface contact.

Optionally, predryer 12S can be a combination capillary dewatering apparatus and flow-through dryer.

12~352~

The quantity of water removed in predryer 125 is controlled so that predried web 122 exiting predryer 125 has a consistency of from about 30% to about 98%. Predried web 122, which is still associated with deflection member 19, passes around deflection member return roll 114 and travels to the region of impression nip roll 15, As predried web 122 passes through the nip formed between impression nip roll 15 and Yankee drier drum 16, the network pattern formed by top surface plane 23 of deflection member 19 is impressed into predried web 122 to form imprinted web 123.
Imprinted web 123 is then adhered to the surface of Yankee dryer drum 16 where it is dried to a consistency of at least about 95%.-Sixth Step The sixth step in the process of this invention is the foreshortening of the dried web. This sixth step is an optional, but highly preferred, step.

As used herein, foreshortening refers to the reduction in length of a dry paper web which occurs when energy is applied to the dry web in such a way that the length of the web is reduced and the fibers in the web are rearranged with an accompanying disruption of fiber-fiber bonds. Foreshortening can be accomplished in any of several well-known ways. The most common, and preferred, method is creping.

In the creping operation, the dried web is adhered to a surface and then removed from that surface with a doctor blade.
Usually, the surface to which the web is adhered also functions as a drying surface and is typically the surface of a Yankee dryer. Such an arrangement is illustrated in Fiaure 1.

As mentioned above, predried web 122 passes through the nip formed between impression nip roll 15 and Yankee dryer drum 124~5~

16. At this point, the network pattern formed by top surfase plane 23 of deflection member 19 is impressed into predried web 122 to form imprinted web 123. Imprinted web 123 is adhered to the surface of Yankee dryer drum 16.

s The adherence of imprinted web 123 to the surface of Yankee dryer drum 16 is facilitated by the use of a creping adhesive.
Typical creping adhesives include those based on polyvinyl alcohol . Specific examples of suitable adhesives are shown in U . S .
Patent 3,926,716 issued to Bates on December 16, 1975 . The adhesive is applied to either predried web 122 immediately prior to its passage through the hereinbefore described nip or to the surface of Yankee dryer drum 16 prior to the point at which the web is pressed against the surface of Yankee dryer drum 16 by impression nip roll 15.
(~leither means of glue application is indicatecl in Figure 1; any technique, such as spraying, well known to those skilled in the art can be used. ) In general, only the nondeflected portions of the web which have been associated with top surface plane 23 of deflection member 19 are directly adhered to the surface of Yankee dryer drum 16. The paper web adhered to the surface of Yankee drum 16 is dried to at least about 95% consistency and is removed ( i . e . creped) from that surface by doctor blade 17 .
Energy is thus applied to the web and the web is foreshortened.
The exact pattern of the network surface and its orientation relative to the doctor blade will in major part dictate the extent and the character of the creping imparted to the web.

Paper web 124, which is the product of this invention, can optionally be calendered and is either rewound (with or without differential speed rewinding) or is cut and stacked all by means not illustrated in Figure 1. Paper web 124 is, then, ready for use.

In addition to creping, other techniques for foreshortening paper webs are known. For example, one technique for mechanically foreshortening a fibrous web involves subjecting the 33 .~35;~9 web to compaction between a hard surface and a relatively elastic surface . This general technique is described in U . S . Patent 2,624,245 issue to Cluett on January 6, 1953 and in subsequent patents such as U . S . Patent 3,011,545 issued to Welsh, et. al . on December 5, 1961; U.S. Patent 3,329,556 issued to McFalls et. al.
on July l 1967; U.S. Patent 3,359,156 issued to Freuler et. al.
on December 19, 1967; and U.S. Patent 3,630,~37 issued to Freuler on December 28, 1971.

Also useful for foreshortening the web of this invention is the technique known in the trade as microcreping. This technique as described in various patents such as U.S. Patent 3,260,778 issued to Walton et. al. on July 12, 1966; U.S. Patent 3,416,192 issued to Packard et. al. on December 17, 1968; U.S. Patent
3,426,405 issued to Walton et. al. on February 11, 1969; and U.S. Patent 4,090,385 issued to Packard et. al. on May 23, 1978.

The Paper The improved paper web of this invention, which is sometimes known to the trade as a tissue paper web, is preferably made by the process described above. It is characterized as having two distinct regions.

The first is a network region which is continuous, macroscopically monoplanar, and which forms a preselected pattern. It is cailed a "network region" because it comprises a system of lines of essentially uniform phyical characteristics which intersect, interlace, and cross like the fabric of a net. It is described as "continuous" because the lines of the network region are essentially uninterrupted across the surface of the web.
(Naturally, because of its very nature paper is never completely uniform, e.g., on a microscopic scale. The lines of essentially 34 ;12~52~

uniform characteristics are uniform in a practical sense and, iikewise, uninterrupted in a practical sense. ) The network region is described as "macroscopically monoplanar" because, when the web as a whole is placed in a planar configuration, the 5 top surface (i.e. the surface Iying on the same side of the paper web as the protrusions of the domes) of the network is essentially planar. (The preceding comments about microscopic deviations from uniformity within a paper web apply here as well as above. ) The network region is described as forming a preselected pattern 10 because the lines define or outline) a specific shape (or shapes) in a repeating (as opposed to random) pattern.

Figure 8 illustrates in plan view a portion of a paper web 80 of this invention. Network region 83 is illustrated as defininy hexagons, although it is to be understood that other preselected 15 patterns are useful in this invention.

Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of paper web 80 taken along line 9-9 of Figure 8. As can be seen from Figure 9, network region 83 is essentially monoplanar.

The second region of the improved tissue paper web of this 20 invention comprises a plurality of domes dispersed throughout the whole of the network region. In figures 8 and 9 the domes are indicated by reference numeral 84. As can be seen from Figure 8, the domes are dispersed throughout network region 83 and essentially each is encircled by network region 83. The shape of 25 the domes ( in the plane of the paper web) is defined by the network region. Figure 9 illustrates the reason the second region of the paper web is denominated as a plurality of "domes. "
Domes 84, appear to extend from (protrude from) the plane formed by network region 83 toward an imaginary observer 30 looking in the direction of arrow T. When viewed by an imaginary observer looking in the direction indicated by arrow B in Figure 9, the second region comprises arcuate shaped voids which appear to be cavities or dimples. The second region of the paper web 3s lZ~SZ~

has thus been denominated a plurality of "domes" for convenience. The paper structure forming the domes can be intact; it can also be provided with one or more holes or openings extending essentially through the structure of the paper web.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the network region of the improved paper of this invention has a relatively low basis weight compared to the basis weights of the domes.
That is to say, the weight of fiber in any given area projected onto the plane of the paper web of the network region is less than the weight of fiber in an equivalent projected area taken in the domes. Further, the density (weight per unit volume) of the network region is high relative to the density of the domes. lt appears that the difference in basis weights was initially created as an artifact of the preferred method of manufacture described above. At the time the embryonic web is associated with the deflection member, the embryonic web has an essentially uniform basis weight. During deflection fibers are free to rearrange and migrate from adjacent the network surface into the deflection conduits thereby creating a relative paucity of fibers over the network surface and a relative superfluity of fibers within the deflection conduits. The same forces tending to cause rearrangement of the fibers tend to compress the web over the network surfaces relative to that portion of the web within the deflection conduits. Imprinting the network surface into the intermediate web in the preferred process tends to further compress that portion of the web in contact with the network surface thereby exaggerating the difference in density between the two regions.

I n a second embodiment, the basis weight of the domes and the network region are essentially equal, but the densities of the two regions differ as indicated above.

In certain embodiments of the present invention there can be an enrichment of the domes in shorter papermaking fibers as 36 1z~3~9 compared to the network region. That is to say, there can be relatively more short fibers in the domes than in the network region; the average fiber length of the domes can be smaller than the average fiber length of the network region. The relative 5 superfluity of shorter fibers in the domes and the relative superfluity of longer fibers in the network region can serve to accentuate the desirable characteristics of each region. That is, the softness, absorbency, and bul k of the domes is enhanced and, at the same time, the strength of the network region is 10 enhanced.

Preferred paper webs of this invention have an apparent (or bulk or gross) density of from about 0.015 to about 0.150 grams per cubic centimeter, most preferably from about 0 . 040 to about 0.100 g/cc. The density of the network region is preferably from about 0.400 to about 0.800 g/cc, most preferably from about 0.500 to about 0.700 g.cc. The average density of the domes is preferably from about 0.040 to about 0.150 g/cc, most preferably from about 0.060 to about 0.100 g/cc. The overall preferred basis weight of the paper web is from about 9 to about 95 grams per 20 square meter. Considering the number of fibers underlying a unit area projected onto the portion of the web under consideration, the ratio of the basis weight of the network region to the average basis weight of the domes is from about 0 . 8 to about 1, 0 .

As indicated above, an optional, but highly preferred step 25 in the process for making the web of this invention is foreshortening. Foreshortening has been defined as the alteration of the web produced by supplying energy to the dry web in such a manner as to interrupt fiber-fiber bonds and to rearrange the fibers in the web. While foreshortening can take a number of 30 forms, creping is the most common one. For convenience, foreshortening will be discussed at this point in terms of creping.

Those skilled in the art are familiar with the effect of creping on paper webs. In a simplistic view, creping provides the web with a plurality of microscropic or semi-microscopic corrugations which are formed as the web is foreshortened, the fiber-fiber bonds are broken, and the fibers are rearranged . I n general, the microscopic or semi-microscopic corrugations extend 5 transversely across the web. That is to say, the lines of microscopic corrugations are perpendicular to the direction in which the web is traveling at the time it is creped (i.e.
perpendicular to the machine direction). They are also parallel to the line of the doctor blade which produces the creping. The 10 crepe imparted to the web is more or less permanent so long as the web is not subjected to tensile forces which can normally remove crepe from a web. In general, creping provides the paper web with extensibility in the machine direction.

During a normal creping operation, the network portions of 15 paper web are adhesively adhered to the creping surface (e.g.
the Yankee dryer drum). As the web is removed from the creping surface by the doctor blade, creping is imparted to the web in those areas which are adhered to the creping surface. Thus, the network region of the web of this invention is directly subjected 20 to creping.

Since the network region and the domes are physically associated in the web, a direct effect on the network region must have, and does have, an indirect effect on the domes. In general, the effects produced by creping on the network region 25 the higher density regions) and the domes (the lower density regions) of the web are different. It is presently believecl that one of the most noteable differences is an exaggeration of strength properties between the network region and the domes.
That is to say, since creping destroys fiber-fiber bonds, the 30 tensile strength of a creped web is reduced. It appears that in the web of the present invention, while the tensile strength of the network region is reduced by creping, the tensile strength of the domes is concurrently reduced a relatively greater extent.
Thus, the difference in tensile strength between the network 38 ~Z4~29 region and the domes appears to be exaggerated by creping.
Differences in other properties can also be exaggerated depending on the particular fibers used in the web and the network region and dome geometries.

The creping frequency (i.e. the number of corrugations per unit length in the machine direction of the web) is dependent on a number of factors including the thickness of the network region, the absolute strength of the network region, the nature of the adhesive association between the network region and the creping surface, and the preselected pattern of the network region. It has been observed that the creping frequency is higher in the network region than in the domes.

As noted above, foreshortening or creping is known to enhance the extensibility of the creped web in the machine direction. hen the preselected network pattern is one of the preferred patterns mentioned above, such as that described in connection with Figure 10, creping enhances extensibility not only in the machine direction but also in the cross machine direction and in other intern~ediate directions, all dependent on, among other things, the preselected pattern of the network region.

It has also been observed that foreshortening enhances the flexibility of the web.

the paper web of this invention can be used in any application where soft, absorbent tissue paper webs are required.
One particularly advantageous use of the paper web of this invention is in paper towel products. For example, two paper webs of this invention can be adhesively secured together in face to face relation as taught by U.S. Patent No. 3,414,459, which issued to jells on Dec. 3, 1968 to off 2-ply paper towels.

'by .~

39 S~9 By way of illustration, and not by way of limitatior" the following example is presented.

Example A pilot scale papermaking machine was used in the practice 5 of the present invention. The headbox was a fixed roof suction breast roll former and the Fourdinier wire was 33 by 30 (filaments per centimeter) five-shed. The furnish comprised 100% n,Q~rthern softwood Kraft pulp fibers with about 4 kilograms Parez~)631NC
~3 wet strength resin per 1000 kg bone dry fibers. (Parez 631NC is made by American Cyanamid Company of Stanford, Connecticut. ) The deflection member was an endless belt having the preferred network surface and deflection conduit geometries described in conjunction with Figure 10 above. It was forrned about a foraminous woven element made of polyester and having 17 (I'D) by 18 (CD) filaments per centimeter in a simple (2S) weave. Each filament was 0 .18 mm in diameter: the fabric caliper -was 0 . ~2 mm and it had an open area of about 47%. The deflection member was about 1.1 mm thick. The blow-through predryer operated at a temperature of about 93C. The Yankee drum dryer rotated with a surface speed of about 244 meters (800 feet per minute. The paper web is wound on a reel at a surface speed of 195 meters ~640 feet) per minute. The consistency of the embryonic web at the time of transfer from the Fourdinier wire to the deflection member was about 10%; and the consistency of the predried web at the time of impression of the continuous network surface into the web by the impression nip r oll against the surface of the Yankee dryer was between about 60% and about 70~. The imprinted web was adhered to the surface of the Yankee dryer with polyvinyl alcohol adhesive and was creped therefrom with a doctor blade having an 81 angle of impact. In four separate experiments, the fan pump flow supplying the furnish through the headbox was adjusted to alter the gross orientation of the fibers on the Fourdinier wire. The physical properties of each of the four paper webs were measured and are tabulated in Tables 1, Il, and lll.

TABLE I

Experiment Fan Pump Flow Basis Weight Caliper No. Iiters/min g/M2 mm ~596 22.6 0.38 2 2650 22.4 0.39 3 2839 23.1 0.43
4 3028 22.9 0.46 TABLE l l ExperimentDry Tensile Dry Stretch No. g/cm %

MD CD Ratio MD CDPatio 184182 1.0 30 100.33 2 256150 1.7 34 140.41 3 291113 2.6 35 190.54 4 29086 3.4 32 210.66 TABLE lll Experiment Dry Burst Absorbency 20 No. g g H2O/g fiber 396 20.1 2 386 18.0 3 388 20.7 4 388 21.1

Claims (23)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A process for making a strong, soft, absorbent, paper web comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers;
(b) forming an embryonic web of said papermaking fibers from said dispersion on a first foraminous member;
(c) contacting said embryonic web with a second foraminous member having an embryonic web-contacting surface comprising a macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface defining within said second foraminous member a plurality of discrete, isolated, nonconnecting deflection conduits; said second foraminous member having a second surface;
(d) deflecting at least a portion of said papermaking fibers in said embryonic web into said deflection conduits intermediate said embryonic web-contacting surface and said second surface and removing water from said embryonic web through said conduits and rearranging said papermaking fibers to form an intermediate web of said papermaking fibers under such conditions that said deflecting is initiated no later than the initiation of said water removal;
(e) predrying said intermediate web in association with second foraminous member to a consistency of from about 25% to about 98% to form a predried web of papermaking fibers;
(f) impressing said network surface into said predried web by interposing said predried web between said second foraminous member and an impression surface to form an imprinted web of papermaking fibers; and (g) drying said imprinted web.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said process comprises the additional step of foreshortening the dried web.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein said second foraminous member comprises an endless belt.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the perimeter of each of the majority of said deflection conduits defines a polygon having fewer than seven sides and wherein said deflection conduits are distributed in a repeating array.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein said repeating array is a bilaterally staggered array.
6. The process of claim 3 wherein the perimeter of each of the majority of said deflection conduits defines a closed figure having nonlinear sides and wherein said deflection conduits are distributed in a repeating array.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein said repeating array is a bilaterally staggered array.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said second foraminous member comprises an endless belt.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the perimeter of each of the majority of said deflection conduits defines a polygon having fewer than seven sides and wherein said deflection conduits are distributed in a repeating array.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein said regularly repeating array is a bilaterally skaggered array.
11. The process of claim 8 wherein the perimeter of each of the majority of said deflection conduits defines a closed figure having nonlinear sides and wherein said deflection conduits are distributed in a repeating array.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein said repeating array is a bilaterally staggered array.
13. The process of claim 2 wherein said deflecting is accomplished by applying differential fluid pressure.
14. The process of claim 2 wherein said first foraminous member is operated at a linear surface velocity of from about 7% to about 30% faster than the linear surface velocity of said second foraminous member.
15. A process for making a strong, soft, absorbent paper web comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers;
(b) forming an embryonic web of said papermaking fibers from said dispersion on a first foraminous member, said first foraminous member comprising a Fourdrinear wire;
(c) contacting said embryonic web with a second foraminous member, said second foraminous member comprising an endless belt having an embryonic web-contacting surface, said web-contacting surface comprising a macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface defining within said second foraminous member a plurality of discrete, isolated, nonconnacting, deflection conduits the perimeter of essentially each of said deflection conduits defining a polygon having six sides, said deflection conduits being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array, wherein the effective free span of the opening of essentially each of said deflection conduits in the plane of said network surface is from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers, and wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said polygon to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent in the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95; said second foraminous member having a second surface;
(d) deflecting at least a portion of said papermaking fibers in said embryonic web into said deflection conduits intermediate said embryonic web-contacting surface and said second surface and removing water from said embryonic web through said conduits through the use of differential fluid pressure and rearranging said papermaking fibers to form an intermediate web of said papermaking fibers under such conditions that said deflection is initiated no later than the initiation of said water removal;
(e) predrying said intermediate web to a consistency of from about 25% to about 98% to form a predried web of papermaking fibers;
(f) impressing said network surface into said predried web by interposing said predried web between said second foraminous member and an impression surface to form an imprinted web of papermaking fibers:
(g) drying said imprinted web on said impression surface to form a dried web; and (h) creping said dried web from said impression surface.
16. A process for making a strong, soft, absorbent paper web comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an aqueous dispersion of papermaking fibers;
(b) forming an embryonic web of said papermaking fibers from said dispersion on a first foraminous member, said first foraminous member comprising a Fourdrinear wire;
(c) contacting said embryonic web with a second foraminous member, said second foraminous member comprising an endless belt having an embryonic web-contacting surface, said web-contacting surface comprising a macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network surface defining within said second foraminous member a plurality of discrete, isolated, nonconnecting, deflection conduits, the perimeter of essentially each of said deflection conduits defining a closed figure having nonlinear sides, said deflection conduits being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array, wherein the effective free span of the opening of essentially each of said deflection conduits in the plane of said network surface is from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers, and wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said closed figure to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95, said second foraminous member having a second surface;
(d) deflecting at least a portion of said papermaking fibers in said embryonic web into said deflection conduits intermediate said embryonic web-contacting surface and said second surface and removing water from said embryonic web through said conduits through the use of differential fluid pressure and rearranging said papermaking fibers to form an intermediate web of said papermaking fibers under such conditions that said deflection is initiated no later than the initiation of said water removal;
(e) predrying said intermediate web to a consistency of from about 25% to about 98% to form a predried web of papermaking fibers;
(f) impressing said network surface into said predried web by interposing said predried web between said second foraminous member and an impression surface to form an imprinted web of papermaking fibers;
(g) drying said imprinted web on said impression surface to form a dried web; and (h) creping said dried web from said impression surface.
17. A strong, soft, absorbent paper web of papermaking fibers, said web comprising:
(A) A macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network region having a relatively low basis weight and a relatively high density; and (B) A plurality of discrete domes having relatively high basis weights and relatively low densities, essentially all of said domes being dispersed throughout, encompassed by, and isolated one from another by said network region wherein the average density of said network region is from about 0.400 to about 0.800 gram per cubic centimeter, the average density of said domes is from about 0.040 to about 0.150 gram per cubic centimeter, and the ratio of the average basis weight of said network region to the average basis weight of said domes is less than about 1.0 and greater than about 0.8.
18. The paper web of claim 17 wherein the perimeter of each of the majority of said domes defines a polygon having fewer than seven sides and wherein said domes are distributed in a repeating array.
19. The paper web of claim 18 wherein said repeating array is a bilaterally staggered array.
20. The paper web of claim 17 wherein the perimeter of each of the majority of said domes defines a closed figure having nonlinear sides and wherein said domes are distributed in a repeating array.
21. The paper web of claim 20 wherein said repeating array is a bilaterally staggered array.
22. A strong soft, absorbent paper web of papermaking fibers, said web comprising:
(a) A macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network region having an average density of from about 0.400 to about 0.800 gram per cubic centimeter; and (b) A plurality of discrete domes having an average density of from about 0.040 to about 0.150 gram per cubic centimeter, essentially all of said domes being dispersed throughout, encompassed by, and isolated one from another by said network region;
the perimeter of essentially each of said domes defining a polygon having six sides; the effective free span of each polygon being from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers;
said domes being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said polygon to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said polygons adjacent the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95, wherein the ratio of the average basis weight of said network region to the average basis weight of said domes is less than about 1.0 and greater than about 0.8.
23. A strong, soft, absorbent paper web of papermaking fibers, and said web comprising:
(a) A macroscopically monoplanar, patterned, continuous network region having an average density of from about 0.400 to about 0.800 gram per cubic centimeter; and (b) A plurality of discrete domes having an average density of from about 0.040 to about 0.150 gram per cubic centimeter; essentially all of said domes being dispersed throughout, encompassed by, and isolated one from another by said network region;
the perimeter of essentially each of said domes defining a closed figure having nonlinear sides;
the effective free span of each closed figure being from about 0.25 to about 3.0 times the average length of said fibers; said domes being distributed in a bilaterally staggered array wherein the ratio of the diameter of the largest circle which can be inscribed in said closed figure to the shorter of the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the machine direction and the distance between the center lines of two of said closed figures adjacent in the cross machine direction is from about 0.45 to about 0.95, wherein the ratio of the average basis weight of said network region to the average basis weight of said domes is less than about 1.0 and greater than about 0.8.
CA000461586A 1983-08-23 1984-08-22 Tissue paper Expired CA1243529A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/525,586 US4529480A (en) 1983-08-23 1983-08-23 Tissue paper
US525,586 1983-08-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1243529A true CA1243529A (en) 1988-10-25

Family

ID=24093856

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000461586A Expired CA1243529A (en) 1983-08-23 1984-08-22 Tissue paper

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4529480A (en)
EP (1) EP0140404B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE33864T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1243529A (en)
DE (1) DE3470764D1 (en)
FI (1) FI74757C (en)

Families Citing this family (444)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4817788A (en) * 1984-11-28 1989-04-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Laminated laundry product
US4638907A (en) * 1984-11-28 1987-01-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Laminated laundry product
US4652390A (en) * 1985-06-25 1987-03-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Oxidation resistant tissue for dry laundry actives and bleach compatible products
US4735738A (en) 1985-10-21 1988-04-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Article with laminated paper orientation for improved fabric softening
US5804036A (en) * 1987-07-10 1998-09-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper structures having at least three regions including decorative indicia comprising low basis weight regions
US5277761A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-01-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Cellulosic fibrous structures having at least three regions distinguished by intensive properties
US5230776A (en) * 1988-10-25 1993-07-27 Valmet Paper Machinery, Inc. Paper machine for manufacturing a soft crepe paper web
FR2646181B1 (en) * 1989-04-21 1991-07-26 Gascogne Papeteries METHOD FOR MARKING A FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE, SO FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE THUS OBTAINED AND ITS USE IN A METHOD FOR MARKING A CELLULOSIC SHEET
US4942077A (en) * 1989-05-23 1990-07-17 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Tissue webs having a regular pattern of densified areas
US5196139A (en) * 1989-06-19 1993-03-23 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Bleach article containing polyacrylate or copolymer of acrylic and maleic
US5211815A (en) * 1989-10-30 1993-05-18 James River Corporation Forming fabric for use in producing a high bulk paper web
US5098519A (en) * 1989-10-30 1992-03-24 James River Corporation Method for producing a high bulk paper web and product obtained thereby
US5073235A (en) * 1990-04-12 1991-12-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for chemically treating papermaking belts
US5679222A (en) * 1990-06-29 1997-10-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper having improved pinhole characteristics and papermaking belt for making the same
KR100218034B1 (en) * 1990-06-29 1999-09-01 데이비드 엠 모이어 Papermaking belt and method of making the same using differential light transmission techniques
US5260171A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-11-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt and method of making the same using a textured casting surface
US5275700A (en) * 1990-06-29 1994-01-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt and method of making the same using a deformable casting surface
US5098522A (en) * 1990-06-29 1992-03-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt and method of making the same using a textured casting surface
CA2069193C (en) * 1991-06-19 1996-01-09 David M. Rasch Tissue paper having large scale aesthetically discernible patterns and apparatus for making the same
US5820730A (en) * 1991-06-28 1998-10-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper structures having at least three regions including decorative indicia comprising low basis weight regions
US6136146A (en) * 1991-06-28 2000-10-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-through air dried paper web having different basis weights and densities
US5223096A (en) * 1991-11-01 1993-06-29 Procter & Gamble Company Soft absorbent tissue paper with high permanent wet strength
US5217576A (en) * 1991-11-01 1993-06-08 Dean Van Phan Soft absorbent tissue paper with high temporary wet strength
WO1993011301A1 (en) * 1991-11-27 1993-06-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Cellulosic fibrous structures having pressure differential induced protuberances and a process of making such cellulosic fibrous structures
US5213588A (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-05-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Abrasive wiping articles and a process for preparing such articles
US5427696A (en) * 1992-04-09 1995-06-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Biodegradable chemical softening composition useful in fibrous cellulosic materials
US5264082A (en) * 1992-04-09 1993-11-23 Procter & Gamble Company Soft absorbent tissue paper containing a biodegradable quaternized amine-ester softening compound and a permanent wet strength resin
US5262007A (en) * 1992-04-09 1993-11-16 Procter & Gamble Company Soft absorbent tissue paper containing a biodegradable quaternized amine-ester softening compound and a temporary wet strength resin
US5274930A (en) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Limiting orifice drying of cellulosic fibrous structures, apparatus therefor, and cellulosic fibrous structures produced thereby
TW244342B (en) * 1992-07-29 1995-04-01 Procter & Gamble
NZ255759A (en) * 1992-08-27 1997-02-24 Procter & Gamble Tissue papers treated with non-ionic surfactant softeners (sorbitan esters)
US5279767A (en) * 1992-10-27 1994-01-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Chemical softening composition useful in fibrous cellulosic materials
US5543067A (en) * 1992-10-27 1996-08-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Waterless self-emulsiviable biodegradable chemical softening composition useful in fibrous cellulosic materials
US5474689A (en) * 1992-10-27 1995-12-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Waterless self-emulsifiable chemical softening composition useful in fibrous cellulosic materials
US5240562A (en) * 1992-10-27 1993-08-31 Procter & Gamble Company Paper products containing a chemical softening composition
US5336373A (en) * 1992-12-29 1994-08-09 Scott Paper Company Method for making a strong, bulky, absorbent paper sheet using restrained can drying
US5312522A (en) * 1993-01-14 1994-05-17 Procter & Gamble Company Paper products containing a biodegradable chemical softening composition
CA2096978A1 (en) * 1993-03-18 1994-09-19 Michael A. Hermans Method for making paper sheets having high bulk and absorbency
US5667636A (en) * 1993-03-24 1997-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for making smooth uncreped throughdried sheets
US5334286A (en) * 1993-05-13 1994-08-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Tissue paper treated with tri-component biodegradable softener composition
US5385642A (en) * 1993-05-13 1995-01-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for treating tissue paper with tri-component biodegradable softener composition
US5399412A (en) * 1993-05-21 1995-03-21 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Uncreped throughdried towels and wipers having high strength and absorbency
US5411636A (en) * 1993-05-21 1995-05-02 Kimberly-Clark Method for increasing the internal bulk of wet-pressed tissue
US5607551A (en) 1993-06-24 1997-03-04 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Soft tissue
US5981044A (en) * 1993-06-30 1999-11-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layered tissue paper web comprising biodegradable chemical softening compositions and binder materials and process for making the same
US5405501A (en) * 1993-06-30 1995-04-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layered tissue paper web comprising chemical softening compositions and binder materials and process for making the same
US5437766A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-08-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-ply facial tissue paper product comprising biodegradable chemical softening compositions and binder materials
US5397435A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-03-14 Procter & Gamble Company Multi-ply facial tissue paper product comprising chemical softening compositions and binder materials
DE69423000T2 (en) * 1993-11-17 2001-11-08 Procter & Gamble METHOD FOR PRODUCING ABSORBENT STRUCTURES
US6022610A (en) * 1993-11-18 2000-02-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Deposition of osmotic absorbent onto a capillary substrate without deleterious interfiber penetration and absorbent structures produced thereby
FI945850A (en) 1993-12-14 1995-06-15 Appleton Mills Compression tape or belt incorporating an open base carrier for use in long nip presses and a method of making the same
US5776307A (en) * 1993-12-20 1998-07-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making wet pressed tissue paper with felts having selected permeabilities
US5795440A (en) * 1993-12-20 1998-08-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making wet pressed tissue paper
US5861082A (en) * 1993-12-20 1999-01-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Wet pressed paper web and method of making the same
CZ183596A3 (en) * 1993-12-20 1996-11-13 Procter & Gamble Wet pressed paper structure and process for producing thereof
US5904811A (en) * 1993-12-20 1999-05-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Wet pressed paper web and method of making the same
CA2142805C (en) * 1994-04-12 1999-06-01 Greg Arthur Wendt Method of making soft tissue products
CA2134594A1 (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for making soft tissue products
US5814190A (en) * 1994-06-29 1998-09-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for making paper web having both bulk and smoothness
US5510000A (en) * 1994-09-20 1996-04-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper products containing a vegetable oil based chemical softening composition
US5415737A (en) * 1994-09-20 1995-05-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper products containing a biodegradable vegetable oil based chemical softening composition
US6171695B1 (en) 1994-09-21 2001-01-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Thin absorbent pads for food products
PT789793E (en) * 1994-11-02 2000-09-29 Procter & Gamble PRODUCTION PROCESS OF NON-URUDENT TISSUES
US5487813A (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-01-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Strong and soft creped tissue paper and process for making the same by use of biodegradable crepe facilitating compositions
US5573637A (en) * 1994-12-19 1996-11-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Tissue paper product comprising a quaternary ammonium compound, a polysiloxane compound and binder materials
US5575891A (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-11-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper containing an oil and a polyhydroxy compound
US5624532A (en) * 1995-02-15 1997-04-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for enhancing the bulk softness of tissue paper and product therefrom
US5958185A (en) * 1995-11-07 1999-09-28 Vinson; Kenneth Douglas Soft filled tissue paper with biased surface properties
US5830317A (en) * 1995-04-07 1998-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper with biased surface properties containing fine particulate fillers
US5611890A (en) * 1995-04-07 1997-03-18 The Proctor & Gamble Company Tissue paper containing a fine particulate filler
US5635028A (en) * 1995-04-19 1997-06-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making soft creped tissue paper and product therefrom
US6203663B1 (en) 1995-05-05 2001-03-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Decorative formation of tissue
US5538595A (en) * 1995-05-17 1996-07-23 The Proctor & Gamble Company Chemically softened tissue paper products containing a ploysiloxane and an ester-functional ammonium compound
US5674590A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-10-07 Kimberly-Clark Tissue Company High water absorbent double-recreped fibrous webs
DE69623477T2 (en) * 1995-06-28 2003-06-05 Procter & Gamble CREPED TISSUE PAPER THAT HAS A UNIQUE COMBINATION OF PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
US6368460B1 (en) * 1995-10-20 2002-04-09 Institute Of Paper Science And Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities
US5698076A (en) * 1996-08-21 1997-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Tissue paper containing a vegetable oil based quaternary ammonium compound
US5832962A (en) * 1995-12-29 1998-11-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. System for making absorbent paper products
US5925217A (en) * 1995-12-29 1999-07-20 Kimberly-Clark Tissue Company System for making absorbent paper products
US6039838A (en) * 1995-12-29 2000-03-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. System for making absorbent paper products
US5672249A (en) * 1996-04-03 1997-09-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for including a fine particulate filler into tissue paper using starch
US5700352A (en) * 1996-04-03 1997-12-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for including a fine particulate filler into tissue paper using an anionic polyelectrolyte
US5693187A (en) * 1996-04-30 1997-12-02 The Procter & Gamble Company High absorbance/low reflectance felts with a pattern layer
US6096169A (en) * 1996-05-14 2000-08-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for making cellulosic web with reduced energy input
US6083346A (en) * 1996-05-14 2000-07-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of dewatering wet web using an integrally sealed air press
US6149767A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-11-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for making soft tissue
US6143135A (en) * 1996-05-14 2000-11-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Air press for dewatering a wet web
US5944954A (en) * 1996-05-22 1999-08-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for creping tissue paper
ATE252663T1 (en) * 1996-05-23 2003-11-15 Procter & Gamble MULTI-LAYER TISSUE PAPER WITH CONTINUOUS NETWORK AREAS
US5906711A (en) * 1996-05-23 1999-05-25 Procter & Gamble Co. Multiple ply tissue paper having two or more plies with different discrete regions
US5830321A (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-11-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for improved rush transfer to produce high bulk without macrofolds
US5840403A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-11-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-elevational tissue paper containing selectively disposed chemical papermaking additive
US5954097A (en) * 1996-08-14 1999-09-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking fabric having bilaterally alternating tie yarns
US6287641B1 (en) 1996-08-22 2001-09-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for applying a resin to a substrate for use in papermaking
US5744007A (en) * 1996-09-03 1998-04-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Vacuum apparatus having textured web-facing surface for controlling the rate of application of vacuum pressure in a through air drying papermaking process
US5741402A (en) * 1996-09-03 1998-04-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Vacuum apparatus having plurality of vacuum sections for controlling the rate of application of vacuum pressure in a through air drying papermaking process
US5718806A (en) * 1996-09-03 1998-02-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Vacuum apparatus having flow management device for controlling the rate of application of vacuum pressure in a through air drying papermaking process
US5776311A (en) * 1996-09-03 1998-07-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Vacuum apparatus having transitional area for controlling the rate of application of vacuum in a through air drying papermaking process
US5885421A (en) * 1996-09-03 1999-03-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Vacuum apparatus for having textured clothing for controlling rate of application of vacuum pressure in a through air drying papermaking process
AU3670797A (en) 1996-09-06 1998-03-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for producing high-bulk tissue webs using nonwoven substrates
US5759346A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-06-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making smooth uncreped tissue paper containing fine particulate fillers
ZA9710013B (en) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-25 Procter & Gamble Method of drying a paper web having both bulk and smoothness.
US6146496A (en) * 1996-11-14 2000-11-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Drying for patterned paper webs
US5832362A (en) * 1997-02-13 1998-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for generating parallel radiation for curing photosensitive resin
US6740373B1 (en) 1997-02-26 2004-05-25 Fort James Corporation Coated paperboards and paperboard containers having improved tactile and bulk insulation properties
US6919111B2 (en) 1997-02-26 2005-07-19 Fort James Corporation Coated paperboards and paperboard containers having improved tactile and bulk insulation properties
US6010598A (en) * 1997-05-08 2000-01-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt with improved life
US5830316A (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of wet pressing tissue paper with three felt layers
US5948210A (en) * 1997-05-19 1999-09-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Cellulosic web, method and apparatus for making the same using papermaking belt having angled cross-sectional structure, and method of making the belt
US5962860A (en) 1997-05-19 1999-10-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for generating controlled radiation for curing photosensitive resin
US5900122A (en) * 1997-05-19 1999-05-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Cellulosic web, method and apparatus for making the same using papermaking belt having angled cross-sectional structure, and method of making the belt
US5935381A (en) * 1997-06-06 1999-08-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Differential density cellulosic structure and process for making same
US5893965A (en) * 1997-06-06 1999-04-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making paper web using flexible sheet of material
US6139686A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-10-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Process and apparatus for making foreshortened cellulsic structure
US5938893A (en) * 1997-08-15 1999-08-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structure and process for making same
US5906710A (en) * 1997-06-23 1999-05-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper having penninsular segments
US6623834B1 (en) 1997-09-12 2003-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wiping article with enhanced texture and method for manufacture
US6197154B1 (en) 1997-10-31 2001-03-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low density resilient webs and methods of making such webs
US6187137B1 (en) 1997-10-31 2001-02-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of producing low density resilient webs
DE19753849A1 (en) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-10 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Analytical test element with a tapered capillary channel
US5942085A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-08-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for producing creped paper products
US6080276A (en) 1997-12-30 2000-06-27 Kimberly-Clark Worlwide, Inc. Method and apparatus for embossing web material using an embossing surface with off-centered shoulders
US6716514B2 (en) 1998-01-26 2004-04-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable article with enhanced texture
US6180214B1 (en) 1998-01-26 2001-01-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Wiping article which exhibits differential wet extensibility characteristics
US6270875B1 (en) 1998-01-26 2001-08-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Multiple layer wipe
US6039839A (en) 1998-02-03 2000-03-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for making paper structures having a decorative pattern
US6174412B1 (en) 1998-03-02 2001-01-16 Purely Cotton, Inc. Cotton linter tissue products and method for preparing same
US6565729B2 (en) 1998-03-20 2003-05-20 Semitool, Inc. Method for electrochemically depositing metal on a semiconductor workpiece
US6547924B2 (en) 1998-03-20 2003-04-15 Metso Paper Karlstad Ab Paper machine for and method of manufacturing textured soft paper
US6103067A (en) 1998-04-07 2000-08-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt providing improved drying efficiency for cellulosic fibrous structures
US6125471A (en) * 1998-04-14 2000-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable bib having an extensible neck opening
US6266820B1 (en) 1998-04-14 2001-07-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable bib having stretchable shoulder extensions
US6458447B1 (en) 1998-04-16 2002-10-01 The Proctor & Gamble Company Extensible paper web and method of forming
EP0957201A1 (en) * 1998-05-13 1999-11-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for the manufacture of paper web, and use of the paper web
EP0956804A1 (en) 1998-05-13 1999-11-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper tissue roll
CA2329806C (en) 1998-05-18 2006-08-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for increasing bulk of foreshortened fibrous web
US6306257B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2001-10-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Air press for dewatering a wet web
US6059882A (en) 1998-06-30 2000-05-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for dispensing tissue
US6497801B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2002-12-24 Semitool Inc Electroplating apparatus with segmented anode array
US6280573B1 (en) 1998-08-12 2001-08-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Leakage control system for treatment of moving webs
US6099781A (en) * 1998-08-14 2000-08-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt and process and apparatus for making same
US6149849A (en) * 1998-08-14 2000-11-21 The Procter & Gamble Copmany Process and apparatus for making papermaking belt
US6251331B1 (en) 1998-09-09 2001-06-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Process and apparatus for making papermaking belt using fluid pressure differential
US6287426B1 (en) 1998-09-09 2001-09-11 Valmet-Karlstad Ab Paper machine for manufacturing structured soft paper
US6103062A (en) * 1998-10-01 2000-08-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of wet pressing tissue paper
USD423232S (en) * 1998-10-13 2000-04-25 Irving Tissue, Inc. Paper towel
US6248210B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2001-06-19 Fort James Corporation Method for maximizing water removal in a press nip
WO2000037740A1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wet-creped, imprinted paper web
US6265052B1 (en) 1999-02-09 2001-07-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Tissue paper
US7351314B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2008-04-01 Semitool, Inc. Chambers, systems, and methods for electrochemically processing microfeature workpieces
US7585398B2 (en) 1999-04-13 2009-09-08 Semitool, Inc. Chambers, systems, and methods for electrochemically processing microfeature workpieces
US7351315B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2008-04-01 Semitool, Inc. Chambers, systems, and methods for electrochemically processing microfeature workpieces
EP1192298A4 (en) 1999-04-13 2006-08-23 Semitool Inc System for electrochemically processing a workpiece
US7438788B2 (en) 1999-04-13 2008-10-21 Semitool, Inc. Apparatus and methods for electrochemical processing of microelectronic workpieces
US6916412B2 (en) 1999-04-13 2005-07-12 Semitool, Inc. Adaptable electrochemical processing chamber
US7020537B2 (en) 1999-04-13 2006-03-28 Semitool, Inc. Tuning electrodes used in a reactor for electrochemically processing a microelectronic workpiece
US7189318B2 (en) 1999-04-13 2007-03-13 Semitool, Inc. Tuning electrodes used in a reactor for electrochemically processing a microelectronic workpiece
US7264698B2 (en) 1999-04-13 2007-09-04 Semitool, Inc. Apparatus and methods for electrochemical processing of microelectronic workpieces
US6358594B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2002-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt
US6344241B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2002-02-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Process and apparatus for making papermaking belt using extrusion
US6241850B1 (en) 1999-06-16 2001-06-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue product exhibiting improved lint resistance and process for making
FI107817B (en) 1999-06-24 2001-10-15 Metsae Serla Oyj Method and apparatus for producing textured paper
US6501002B1 (en) 1999-06-29 2002-12-31 The Proctor & Gamble Company Disposable surface wipe article having a waste contamination sensor
US6447642B1 (en) 1999-09-07 2002-09-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking apparatus and process for removing water from a cellulosic web
US6162327A (en) * 1999-09-17 2000-12-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Multifunctional tissue paper product
US6318727B1 (en) 1999-11-05 2001-11-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for maintaining a fluid seal with a moving substrate
US6733626B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-05-11 Georgia Pacific Corporation Apparatus and method for degrading a web in the machine direction while preserving cross-machine direction strength
US6602387B1 (en) 1999-11-26 2003-08-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Thick and smooth multi-ply tissue
USD430407S (en) * 1999-12-13 2000-09-05 Irving Tissue Inc. Pattern for absorbent sheet material
USD430406S (en) * 1999-12-13 2000-09-05 Irving Tissue, Inc. Pattern for absorbent sheet material
USD431371S (en) * 1999-12-15 2000-10-03 Irving Tissue, Inc. Pattern for absorbent sheet material
USD431372S (en) * 1999-12-15 2000-10-03 Irving Tissue, Inc. Pattern for absorbent sheet material
US6432267B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2002-08-13 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Wet crepe, impingement-air dry process for making absorbent sheet
US6447640B1 (en) 2000-04-24 2002-09-10 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Impingement air dry process for making absorbent sheet
US6361654B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2002-03-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Air knife assisted sheet transfer
US6607635B2 (en) * 2000-05-12 2003-08-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for increasing the softness of base webs and products made therefrom
US6547926B2 (en) 2000-05-12 2003-04-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for increasing the softness of base webs and products made therefrom
AU5985001A (en) 2000-05-12 2001-11-20 Kimberly Clark Co Process for increasing the softness of base webs and products made therefrom
US6478927B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2002-11-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of forming a tissue with surfaces having elevated regions
US6464829B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2002-10-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue with surfaces having elevated regions
US6602577B1 (en) 2000-10-03 2003-08-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Embossed cellulosic fibrous structure
US6743571B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2004-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Mask for differential curing and process for making same
US6420100B1 (en) 2000-10-24 2002-07-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making deflection member using three-dimensional mask
US6576090B1 (en) 2000-10-24 2003-06-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Deflection member having suspended portions and process for making same
US6660129B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2003-12-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structure having increased surface area
US6576091B1 (en) 2000-10-24 2003-06-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layer deflection member and process for making same
US6746569B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2004-06-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nested rolled paper product
US6989075B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2006-01-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Tension activatable substrate
US6610173B1 (en) 2000-11-03 2003-08-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Three-dimensional tissue and methods for making the same
US6602410B1 (en) 2000-11-14 2003-08-05 The Procter & Gamble Comapny Water purifying kits
US6497345B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2002-12-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Dispensing apparatus
US6749721B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2004-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for incorporating poorly substantive paper modifying agents into a paper sheet via wet end addition
US6752907B2 (en) * 2001-01-12 2004-06-22 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Wet crepe throughdry process for making absorbent sheet and novel fibrous product
US6701637B2 (en) 2001-04-20 2004-03-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Systems for tissue dried with metal bands
US20030042195A1 (en) * 2001-09-04 2003-03-06 Lois Jean Forde-Kohler Multi-ply filter
US7805818B2 (en) 2001-09-05 2010-10-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Nonwoven loop member for a mechanical fastener
US6585856B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2003-07-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for controlling degree of molding in through-dried tissue products
US6726809B2 (en) * 2001-09-26 2004-04-27 Albany International Corp. Industrial process fabric
US6749719B2 (en) * 2001-11-02 2004-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of manufacture tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements
US6706152B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-03-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fabric for use in the manufacture of tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements
US6787000B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-09-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fabric comprising nonwoven elements for use in the manufacture of tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements and method thereof
US6790314B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fabric for use in the manufacture of tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements and method thereof
US6821385B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-11-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of manufacture of tissue products having visually discernable background texture regions bordered by curvilinear decorative elements using fabrics comprising nonwoven elements
US6746570B2 (en) * 2001-11-02 2004-06-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent tissue products having visually discernable background texture
US7235156B2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2007-06-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for reducing nesting in paper products and paper products formed therefrom
US6837956B2 (en) * 2001-11-30 2005-01-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. System for aperturing and coaperturing webs and web assemblies
US6824650B2 (en) * 2001-12-18 2004-11-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fibrous materials treated with a polyvinylamine polymer
US7214633B2 (en) * 2001-12-18 2007-05-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Polyvinylamine treatments to improve dyeing of cellulosic materials
US6685050B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2004-02-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Folded sheet product, dispenser and related assembly
EP1321576A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-25 SCA Hygiene Products AB A laminated tissue paper and a method of forming it
US7799968B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2010-09-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Sponge-like pad comprising paper layers and method of manufacture
US20030157000A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2003-08-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fluidized bed activated by excimer plasma and materials produced therefrom
US7959761B2 (en) * 2002-04-12 2011-06-14 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Creping adhesive modifier and process for producing paper products
US20030199404A1 (en) * 2002-04-23 2003-10-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Hotmelt compositions and related articles
US7622020B2 (en) 2002-04-23 2009-11-24 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Creped towel and tissue incorporating high yield fiber
US20030213392A1 (en) 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for improving printing press hygiene
US6736935B2 (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-05-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Drying process having a profile leveling intermediate and final drying stages
US6918993B2 (en) * 2002-07-10 2005-07-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multi-ply wiping products made according to a low temperature delamination process
US6911114B2 (en) * 2002-10-01 2005-06-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue with semi-synthetic cationic polymer
EP1405949B1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2007-01-24 Fort James Corporation Paper products including surface treated thermally bondable fibers and methods of making the same
US7442278B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2008-10-28 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Fabric crepe and in fabric drying process for producing absorbent sheet
AU2003279792A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-05-04 Fort James Corporation Fabric crepe process for making absorbent sheet
US7662257B2 (en) * 2005-04-21 2010-02-16 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Llc Multi-ply paper towel with absorbent core
US7494563B2 (en) * 2002-10-07 2009-02-24 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Fabric creped absorbent sheet with variable local basis weight
US7789995B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2010-09-07 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products, LP Fabric crepe/draw process for producing absorbent sheet
US8394236B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2013-03-12 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers
US7588660B2 (en) * 2002-10-07 2009-09-15 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Wet-pressed tissue and towel products with elevated CD stretch and low tensile ratios made with a high solids fabric crepe process
US6977026B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-12-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for applying softening compositions to a tissue product
US7029756B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2006-04-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties
US6951598B2 (en) * 2002-11-06 2005-10-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Hydrophobically modified cationic acrylate copolymer/polysiloxane blends and use in tissue
US6964725B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2005-11-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue products containing selectively treated fibers
US20040084164A1 (en) * 2002-11-06 2004-05-06 Shannon Thomas Gerard Soft tissue products containing polysiloxane having a high z-directional gradient
US20040084162A1 (en) 2002-11-06 2004-05-06 Shannon Thomas Gerard Low slough tissue products and method for making same
US7300547B2 (en) * 2002-11-07 2007-11-27 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Llc Absorbent sheet exhibiting resistance to moisture penetration
US6808600B2 (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-10-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for enhancing the softness of paper-based products
US6818101B2 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-11-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Tissue web product having both fugitive wet strength and a fiber flexibilizing compound
US20040102118A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Hay Stewart Lister High permeability woven members employing paired machine direction yarns for use in papermaking machine
US6949168B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2005-09-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft paper product including beneficial agents
US6827821B2 (en) * 2002-12-02 2004-12-07 Voith Fabrics Heidenheim Gmbh & Co. Kg High permeability, multi-layer woven members employing machine direction binder yarns for use in papermaking machine
US20040115451A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-06-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Yellowing prevention of cellulose-based consumer products
US20040110017A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-06-10 Lonsky Werner Franz Wilhelm Yellowing prevention of cellulose-based consumer products
US7994079B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2011-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Meltblown scrubbing product
US6875315B2 (en) 2002-12-19 2005-04-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Non-woven through air dryer and transfer fabrics for tissue making
US6949167B2 (en) * 2002-12-19 2005-09-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue products having uniformly deposited hydrophobic additives and controlled wettability
US6878238B2 (en) * 2002-12-19 2005-04-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Non-woven through air dryer and transfer fabrics for tissue making
US20040121120A1 (en) 2002-12-20 2004-06-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for making a polymeric web exhibiting a soft and silky tactile impression
US7169265B1 (en) 2002-12-31 2007-01-30 Albany International Corp. Method for manufacturing resin-impregnated endless belt and a belt for papermaking machines and similar industrial applications
US6916402B2 (en) * 2002-12-23 2005-07-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for bonding chemical additives on to substrates containing cellulosic materials and products thereof
US7014735B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2006-03-21 Albany International Corp. Method of fabricating a belt and a belt used to make bulk tissue and towel, and nonwoven articles and fabrics
US7166196B1 (en) 2002-12-31 2007-01-23 Albany International Corp. Method for manufacturing resin-impregnated endless belt structures for papermaking machines and similar industrial applications and belt
US7008513B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2006-03-07 Albany International Corp. Method of making a papermaking roll cover and roll cover produced thereby
US7022208B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2006-04-04 Albany International Corp. Methods for bonding structural elements of paper machine and industrial fabrics to one another and fabrics produced thereby
US7005043B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2006-02-28 Albany International Corp. Method of fabrication of a dryer fabric and a dryer fabric with backside venting for improved sheet stability
US7005044B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2006-02-28 Albany International Corp. Method of fabricating a belt and a belt used to make bulk tissue and towel, and nonwoven articles and fabrics
US7919173B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2011-04-05 Albany International Corp. Method for controlling a functional property of an industrial fabric and industrial fabric
US7052580B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-05-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Unitary fibrous structure comprising cellulosic and synthetic fibers
US7067038B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-06-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making unitary fibrous structure comprising randomly distributed cellulosic fibers and non-randomly distributed synthetic fibers
US20040163785A1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-08-26 Shannon Thomas Gerard Paper wiping products treated with a polysiloxane composition
US7815995B2 (en) * 2003-03-03 2010-10-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Textured fabrics applied with a treatment composition
WO2004097096A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-11 Johnson & Johnson Gmbh Patterned sheet products
US7396593B2 (en) 2003-05-19 2008-07-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Single ply tissue products surface treated with a softening agent
EP1646751A1 (en) * 2003-07-23 2006-04-19 Fort James Corporation Method of curling fiber and absorbent sheet containing same
US8241543B2 (en) 2003-08-07 2012-08-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for making an apertured web
US7364642B2 (en) * 2003-08-18 2008-04-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Recycling of latex-containing broke
US7189307B2 (en) * 2003-09-02 2007-03-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low odor binders curable at room temperature
MXPA06002422A (en) * 2003-09-02 2006-06-20 Kimberly Clark Co Low odor binders curable at room temperature.
US20050045293A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-03 Hermans Michael Alan Paper sheet having high absorbent capacity and delayed wet-out
US6991706B2 (en) 2003-09-02 2006-01-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Clothlike pattern densified web
US7141142B2 (en) * 2003-09-26 2006-11-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making paper using reformable fabrics
US7186318B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-03-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft tissue hydrophilic tissue products containing polysiloxane and having unique absorbent properties
US7811948B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2010-10-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue sheets containing multiple polysiloxanes and having regions of varying hydrophobicity
US7479578B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2009-01-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Highly wettable—highly flexible fluff fibers and disposable absorbent products made of those
US7147752B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2006-12-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Hydrophilic fibers containing substantive polysiloxanes and tissue products made therefrom
US20050136097A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft paper-based products
US7303650B2 (en) * 2003-12-31 2007-12-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Splittable cloth like tissue webs
US7422658B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-09-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Two-sided cloth like tissue webs
US7297226B2 (en) 2004-02-11 2007-11-20 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Apparatus and method for degrading a web in the machine direction while preserving cross-machine direction strength
US20050202068A1 (en) 2004-03-12 2005-09-15 Hasenoehrl Erik J. Disposable nonwoven mitt
US8293072B2 (en) * 2009-01-28 2012-10-23 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Belt-creped, variable local basis weight absorbent sheet prepared with perforated polymeric belt
CA2559526C (en) 2004-04-14 2013-07-23 Fort James Corporation Wet-pressed tissue and towel products with elevated cd stretch and low tensile ratios made with a high solids fabric crepe process
SE529130C2 (en) * 2004-05-26 2007-05-08 Metso Paper Karlstad Ab Paper machine for manufacturing fiber web of paper, comprises clothing that exhibits three-dimensional structure for structuring fiber web
US7503998B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2009-03-17 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp High solids fabric crepe process for producing absorbent sheet with in-fabric drying
US7416637B2 (en) * 2004-07-01 2008-08-26 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Low compaction, pneumatic dewatering process for producing absorbent sheet
US7297231B2 (en) 2004-07-15 2007-11-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Binders curable at room temperature with low blocking
DE102004044569A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-30 Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh Paper machine clothing
US20060088697A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Manifold John A Fibrous structures comprising a design and processes for making same
US7419569B2 (en) * 2004-11-02 2008-09-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Paper manufacturing process
US7332451B2 (en) * 2004-11-17 2008-02-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermachine clothing having reduced void spaces
US8178025B2 (en) * 2004-12-03 2012-05-15 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Embossing system and product made thereby with both perforate bosses in the cross machine direction and a macro pattern
US20060127641A1 (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermachine clothing having reduced void spaces
US20060130989A1 (en) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue products treated with a polysiloxane containing softening composition that are wettable and have a lotiony-soft handfeel
US7670459B2 (en) 2004-12-29 2010-03-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft and durable tissue products containing a softening agent
DE102005006738A1 (en) * 2005-02-15 2006-09-14 Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh Method for generating a topographical pattern
US8911850B2 (en) * 2005-06-08 2014-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Amorphous patterns comprising elongate protrusions for use with web materials
US7829177B2 (en) * 2005-06-08 2010-11-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Web materials having offset emboss patterns disposed thereon
US7374639B2 (en) * 2005-06-08 2008-05-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt
US7585388B2 (en) * 2005-06-24 2009-09-08 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Fabric-creped sheet for dispensers
US9266301B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2016-02-23 Nalco Company Method to adhere and dislodge crepe paper
US20070048357A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fibrous wiping products
US7749355B2 (en) * 2005-09-16 2010-07-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Tissue paper
US20070062656A1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2007-03-22 Fort James Corporation Linerboard With Enhanced CD Strength For Making Boxboard
US20070098984A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Peterson James F Ii Fiber with release-material sheath for papermaking belts
US7988824B2 (en) * 2005-12-15 2011-08-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue product having a transferable additive composition
US20070137814A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue sheet molded with elevated elements and methods of making the same
BRPI0620686B1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2018-01-16 Dow Global Technologies Inc. METHOD FOR FORMATING AN ARTICLE OF CELLULOSE AND ARTICLE BASED ON CELLULOSE
US20070137807A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Schulz Thomas H Durable hand towel
US7850823B2 (en) * 2006-03-06 2010-12-14 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Method of controlling adhesive build-up on a yankee dryer
US7718036B2 (en) 2006-03-21 2010-05-18 Georgia Pacific Consumer Products Lp Absorbent sheet having regenerated cellulose microfiber network
US8187422B2 (en) 2006-03-21 2012-05-29 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Disposable cellulosic wiper
US8187421B2 (en) 2006-03-21 2012-05-29 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Absorbent sheet incorporating regenerated cellulose microfiber
US8540846B2 (en) 2009-01-28 2013-09-24 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Belt-creped, variable local basis weight multi-ply sheet with cellulose microfiber prepared with perforated polymeric belt
US7744723B2 (en) 2006-05-03 2010-06-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structure product with high softness
US20070256802A1 (en) * 2006-05-03 2007-11-08 Jeffrey Glen Sheehan Fibrous structure product with high bulk
US8152959B2 (en) * 2006-05-25 2012-04-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Embossed multi-ply fibrous structure product
EP2792789B1 (en) 2006-05-26 2017-08-30 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP Fabric creped absorbent sheet with variable local basis weight
US20080008865A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2008-01-10 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Antimicrobial hand towel for touchless automatic dispensers
CA2659922C (en) * 2006-08-30 2014-10-28 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Multi-ply paper towel
US7585392B2 (en) * 2006-10-10 2009-09-08 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Method of producing absorbent sheet with increased wet/dry CD tensile ratio
US8236135B2 (en) * 2006-10-16 2012-08-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-ply tissue products
US20080099170A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Process of making wet-microcontracted paper
US7914649B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2011-03-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt for making multi-elevation paper structures
US7799411B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2010-09-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent paper product having non-embossed surface features
US8357734B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2013-01-22 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Creping adhesive with ionic liquid
DE102006062236A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Voith Patent Gmbh Apparatus for producing a fibrous web
US7951264B2 (en) 2007-01-19 2011-05-31 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Absorbent cellulosic products with regenerated cellulose formed in-situ
US7608164B2 (en) * 2007-02-27 2009-10-27 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Fabric-crepe process with prolonged production cycle and improved drying
US8502013B2 (en) * 2007-03-05 2013-08-06 The Procter And Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article
USD618920S1 (en) 2007-05-02 2010-07-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper product
US20090136722A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 Dinah Achola Nyangiro Wet formed fibrous structure product
US7914648B2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2011-03-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Device for web control having a plurality of surface features
EP2244621A4 (en) * 2007-12-19 2016-03-23 Sca Hygiene Prod Ab Folded perforated web
US7867361B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2011-01-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper having a polyhydroxy compound applied onto a surface thereof
US7972475B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2011-07-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper having a polyhydroxy compound and lotion applied onto a surface thereof
US20090280297A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Rebecca Howland Spitzer Paper product with visual signaling upon use
US20100119779A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2010-05-13 Ward William Ostendorf Paper product with visual signaling upon use
WO2009151612A2 (en) 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Absorbent sheet prepared with papermaking fiber and synthetic fiber exhibiting improved wet strength
CA2735867C (en) 2008-09-16 2017-12-05 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Food wrap basesheet with regenerated cellulose microfiber
CA2755269C (en) 2009-03-13 2014-05-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Article having a seal and process for forming the same
US9271879B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2016-03-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Article having a seal and process for forming the same
US8034463B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2011-10-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures
USD636608S1 (en) 2009-11-09 2011-04-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper product
CA2722650C (en) * 2009-12-07 2018-05-01 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Method of moist creping absorbent paper base sheet
EP2539507A1 (en) 2010-02-26 2013-01-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structure product with high wet bulk recovery
CN103096855B (en) 2010-03-11 2016-08-03 宝洁公司 For the method manufacturing embossed web
US8287693B2 (en) 2010-05-03 2012-10-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt having increased de-watering capability
US8282783B2 (en) 2010-05-03 2012-10-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Papermaking belt having a permeable reinforcing structure
US8298376B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2012-10-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Patterned framework for a papermaking belt
US8163130B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2012-04-24 The Proctor & Gamble Company Paper product having unique physical properties
US8313617B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2012-11-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Patterned framework for a papermaking belt
US8211271B2 (en) 2010-08-19 2012-07-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Paper product having unique physical properties
US9382664B2 (en) 2011-01-05 2016-07-05 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Creping adhesive compositions and methods of using those compositions
US8943959B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-02-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Unique process for printing multiple color indicia upon web substrates
US8985013B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-03-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates
US8943960B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-02-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Unique process for printing multiple color indicia upon web substrates
US8943957B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-02-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates
US8616126B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-12-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates
US8833250B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-09-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates
US8927093B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-01-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8758560B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-06-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8962124B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-02-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8916261B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-12-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8839717B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Unique process for printing multiple color indicia upon web substrates
US8927092B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-01-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8943958B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2015-02-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates
US8665493B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-03-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8920911B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-12-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8916260B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-12-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Web substrates having wide color gamut indicia printed thereon
US8839716B2 (en) 2011-03-04 2014-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for applying indicia having a large color gamut on web substrates
US8657596B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2014-02-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for deforming a web
US9925731B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2018-03-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Corrugated and apertured web
US9242406B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2016-01-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus and process for aperturing and stretching a web
US9267240B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2016-02-23 Georgia-Pacific Products LP High softness, high durability bath tissue incorporating high lignin eucalyptus fiber
US9309627B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2016-04-12 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp High softness, high durability bath tissues with temporary wet strength
CN106906573B (en) * 2012-01-04 2019-08-27 宝洁公司 The fibre structure containing active material of multiple regions with different densities
FR2985273B1 (en) * 2012-01-04 2021-09-24 Procter & Gamble FIBROUS STRUCTURES CONTAINING ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AND HAVING MULTIPLE REGIONS
US9458574B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2016-10-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures
EP2867010A1 (en) 2012-06-29 2015-05-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Textured fibrous webs, apparatus and methods for forming textured fibrous webs
US8968517B2 (en) 2012-08-03 2015-03-03 First Quality Tissue, Llc Soft through air dried tissue
US8815054B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2014-08-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Methods for making fibrous paper structures utilizing waterborne shape memory polymers
US10060062B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2018-08-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Equipment and processes for the application of atomized fluid to a web substrate
US8858213B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2014-10-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Equipment and processes for the application of atomized fluid to a web substrate
US9085130B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2015-07-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Optimized internally-fed high-speed rotary printing device
CA2932868C (en) 2013-12-19 2021-06-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Sanitary tissue products
MX2016008141A (en) 2013-12-19 2016-09-16 Procter & Gamble Sanitary tissue products.
MX2016008139A (en) * 2013-12-19 2016-09-16 Procter & Gamble Sanitary tissue products.
US9532684B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2017-01-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Wet/dry sheet dispenser and method of using
US9469942B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2016-10-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent sanitary paper products
US20150211186A1 (en) 2014-01-30 2015-07-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent sanitary paper product
US9464387B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2016-10-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent sanitary paper product
US9051693B1 (en) 2014-01-30 2015-06-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for manufacturing absorbent sanitary paper products
US11391000B2 (en) 2014-05-16 2022-07-19 First Quality Tissue, Llc Flushable wipe and method of forming the same
US9504363B2 (en) 2014-06-20 2016-11-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Wet/dry sheet dispenser with dispensing cup
EP3177772A1 (en) * 2014-08-05 2017-06-14 The Procter and Gamble Company Papermaking belts for making fibrous structures
US10132042B2 (en) 2015-03-10 2018-11-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures
MX2017003869A (en) 2014-09-25 2018-02-21 Albany Int Corp Multilayer belt for creping and structuring in a tissue making process.
EP3198076B1 (en) 2014-09-25 2023-08-23 Albany International Corp. Multilayer belt for creping and structuring in a tissue making process
AU2015320307A1 (en) 2014-09-25 2017-03-16 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Methods of making paper products using a multilayer creping belt, and paper products made using a multilayer creping belt
US9988763B2 (en) 2014-11-12 2018-06-05 First Quality Tissue, Llc Cannabis fiber, absorbent cellulosic structures containing cannabis fiber and methods of making the same
US10517775B2 (en) 2014-11-18 2019-12-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent articles having distribution materials
US10765570B2 (en) 2014-11-18 2020-09-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent articles having distribution materials
WO2016086019A1 (en) 2014-11-24 2016-06-02 First Quality Tissue, Llc Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing
MX2017006840A (en) 2014-12-05 2018-11-09 Manufacturing process for papermaking belts using 3d printing technology.
US9719213B2 (en) * 2014-12-05 2017-08-01 First Quality Tissue, Llc Towel with quality wet scrubbing properties at relatively low basis weight and an apparatus and method for producing same
US9822285B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2017-11-21 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Glue-bonded multi-ply absorbent sheet
EP3262233A1 (en) 2015-02-25 2018-01-03 The Procter and Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a surface softening composition
WO2017011253A1 (en) 2015-07-10 2017-01-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a surface softening composition
US10538882B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-01-21 Structured I, Llc Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions
US10544547B2 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-01-28 First Quality Tissue, Llc Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions
CA3001608C (en) 2015-10-14 2023-12-19 First Quality Tissue, Llc Bundled product and system and method for forming the same
US10144016B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2018-12-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for non-contact printing of actives onto web materials and articles
US10774476B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2020-09-15 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Absorbent sheet tail-sealed with nanofibrillated cellulose-containing tail-seal adhesives
AU2017218159A1 (en) 2016-02-11 2018-08-30 Structured I, Llc Belt or fabric including polymeric layer for papermaking machine
EP3426212B1 (en) 2016-03-11 2020-10-21 The Procter and Gamble Company Compositioned, textured nonwoven webs
WO2017156203A1 (en) 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 The Procter & Gamble Company A three-dimensional substrate comprising a tissue layer
US20170314206A1 (en) 2016-04-27 2017-11-02 First Quality Tissue, Llc Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same
US10463205B2 (en) 2016-07-01 2019-11-05 Mercer International Inc. Process for making tissue or towel products comprising nanofilaments
US10724173B2 (en) 2016-07-01 2020-07-28 Mercer International, Inc. Multi-density tissue towel products comprising high-aspect-ratio cellulose filaments
US10570261B2 (en) 2016-07-01 2020-02-25 Mercer International Inc. Process for making tissue or towel products comprising nanofilaments
WO2018039623A1 (en) 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 Structured I, Llc Method of producing absorbent structures with high wet strength, absorbency, and softness
WO2018049390A1 (en) 2016-09-12 2018-03-15 Structured I, Llc Former of water laid asset that utilizes a structured fabric as the outer wire
MX2019003131A (en) 2016-09-19 2019-08-16 Mercer Int Inc Absorbent paper products having unique physical strength properties.
US11583489B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2023-02-21 First Quality Tissue, Llc Flushable wipe and method of forming the same
US10697123B2 (en) 2017-01-17 2020-06-30 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Zwitterionic imidazolinium surfactant and use in the manufacture of absorbent paper
US10895038B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2021-01-19 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc High consistency re-pulping method, apparatus and absorbent products incorporating recycled fiber
US10619309B2 (en) 2017-08-23 2020-04-14 Structured I, Llc Tissue product made using laser engraved structuring belt
EP4335900A2 (en) 2018-04-12 2024-03-13 Mercer International Inc. Processes for improving high aspect ratio cellulose filament blends
WO2019222348A1 (en) 2018-05-15 2019-11-21 Structured I, Llc Manufacturing process for papermaking endless belts using 3d printing technology
DE102018114748A1 (en) 2018-06-20 2019-12-24 Voith Patent Gmbh Laminated paper machine clothing
US11738927B2 (en) 2018-06-21 2023-08-29 First Quality Tissue, Llc Bundled product and system and method for forming the same
US11697538B2 (en) 2018-06-21 2023-07-11 First Quality Tissue, Llc Bundled product and system and method for forming the same
EP3829509B1 (en) 2018-08-03 2023-12-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Webs with compositions applied thereto
EP3829510B1 (en) 2018-08-03 2023-12-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Webs with compositions thereon
EP3840709B1 (en) 2018-08-22 2023-11-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article
US11118311B2 (en) 2018-11-20 2021-09-14 Structured I, Llc Heat recovery from vacuum blowers on a paper machine
CA3064406C (en) 2018-12-10 2023-03-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures
US11098453B2 (en) 2019-05-03 2021-08-24 First Quality Tissue, Llc Absorbent structures with high absorbency and low basis weight
CA3081992A1 (en) 2019-06-06 2020-12-06 Structured I, Llc Papermaking machine that utilizes only a structured fabric in the forming of paper
US11124920B2 (en) 2019-09-16 2021-09-21 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Tissue with nanofibrillar cellulose surface layer
US11578460B2 (en) 2019-09-24 2023-02-14 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Papermaking belts having offset openings, papermaking processes using belts having offset openings, and paper products made therefrom
US11751728B2 (en) 2020-12-17 2023-09-12 First Quality Tissue, Llc Wet laid disposable absorbent structures with high wet strength and method of making the same
CA3181031A1 (en) 2021-11-04 2023-05-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Web material structuring belt, method for making and method for using
US20230140783A1 (en) 2021-11-04 2023-05-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Web material structuring belt, method for making and method for using
WO2023081745A1 (en) 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Web material structuring belt, method for making structured web material and structured web material made by the method
WO2023081744A1 (en) 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Web material structuring belt, method for making structured web material and structured web material made by the method

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US361849A (en) * 1887-04-26 Process of and apparatus for making embossed paper
US1033992A (en) * 1910-12-21 1912-07-30 Frank G Crane Paper towel.
US2245014A (en) * 1936-08-29 1941-06-10 American Reenforced Paper Co Stretchable paper
US3061505A (en) * 1958-04-16 1962-10-30 Helasti Olavi Method and apparatus for imparting enhanced stretchability to paper
US3301746A (en) * 1964-04-13 1967-01-31 Procter & Gamble Process for forming absorbent paper by imprinting a fabric knuckle pattern thereon prior to drying and paper thereof
US3322617A (en) * 1964-05-22 1967-05-30 Dexter Corp Paper making apparatus to form paper with a simulated woven texture
US3812000A (en) * 1971-06-24 1974-05-21 Scott Paper Co Soft,absorbent,fibrous,sheet material formed by avoiding mechanical compression of the elastomer containing fiber furnished until the sheet is at least 80%dry
US3974025A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-08-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent paper having imprinted thereon a semi-twill, fabric knuckle pattern prior to final drying
US3994771A (en) * 1975-05-30 1976-11-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for forming a layered paper web having improved bulk, tactile impression and absorbency and paper thereof
US4191609A (en) * 1979-03-09 1980-03-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft absorbent imprinted paper sheet and method of manufacture thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI843316A0 (en) 1984-08-22
US4529480A (en) 1985-07-16
FI843316A (en) 1985-02-24
FI74757B (en) 1987-11-30
EP0140404A1 (en) 1985-05-08
ATE33864T1 (en) 1988-05-15
DE3470764D1 (en) 1988-06-01
EP0140404B1 (en) 1988-04-27
FI74757C (en) 1988-03-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1243529A (en) Tissue paper
US4637859A (en) Tissue paper
US4528239A (en) Deflection member
EP0912801B1 (en) Method of making wet pressed tissue paper
US5776307A (en) Method of making wet pressed tissue paper with felts having selected permeabilities
AU701610B2 (en) Wet pressed paper web and method of making the same
EP0981664A1 (en) Method of wet pressing tissue paper with three felt layers
US9011644B1 (en) Papermaking belt for making fibrous structures
CA2586471C (en) Reinforced fibrous structures
US20150272402A1 (en) Fibrous structures
US9238890B2 (en) Fibrous structures
US20150272401A1 (en) Fibrous structures

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MKEX Expiry