Playfulness: Its Relationship to Imagination and Creativity

adolescent adult analysis approach aspect of play assess behavior Berlyne boys and girls child's play classroom clue cognitive spontaneity cognitive style combinatorial play concept correlations creative process creative production developmental Developmental Psychology differentiation dimension divergent thinking educational educational psychologists element in play enjoyment factor familiar fantasy fantasy production formulation framework function functional analysis high school students historical Huizinga ideational fluency imagination and creativity indicate influence intellectual interrater reliability investigations kindergarten labeled learning leisure look manifest joy mastery Mozart NonPF nonplayfulness observation PF-non PF-nonPF physical attractiveness physical spontaneity Piaget play activities play element play spirit playfulness preschoolers psychological distancing quality of play question rating instructions rating scale relationship role scores sense of humor setting situation social spontaneity spontaneous flexibility structure studies suggest Sutton-Smith teachers teasing theory tion underlying variables York young youngsters Zeitgeist