Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Processes in Cardiovascular DiseasesRory R. Koenen, Elena Aikawa It is long known that many cells can shed extracellular vesicles, small membrane-enclosed cell fragments. Although the existence of extracellular vesicles has been recognized for many years, researchers are only beginning to understand their physiologic significance. Several recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released from cells serve as a mode of cellular communication. They can carry diverse molecular payload (e.g. nucleic acids, bioactive lipids and proteins) to distal organs and recipient cells. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three major groups: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. All these types of extracellular vesicles can be found in a variety of biologic specimen and their numbers, distribution and composition may serve as biomarkers for various disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Although extracellular vesicle-mediated processes are currently best characterized in the fields of cancer biology and neurobiology, evidence is accumulating that extracellular vesicles play a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes, thrombosis, inflammation and cardiovascular calcification. In this Research Topic, we invited review and methodological articles that advance our understanding of extracellular vesicle-related processes in vascular biology. |
Contents
Extracellular VesicleMediated Processes in Cardiovascular Diseases | 5 |
Functional Implications for Heart Research | 7 |
PlateletDerived Microvesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases | 15 |
From Bench to Bedside and Reverse | 28 |
Modulation of Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis by Extracellular Vesicles | 48 |
Extracellular Vesicles as Protagonists of Diabetic Cardiovascular Pathology | 56 |
Extracellular Vesicles As Mediators of Cardiovascular Calcification | 68 |
Initiation and Propagation of Vascular Calcification Is Regulated by a Concert of Platelet and Smooth Muscle CellDerived Extracellular Vesicles | 75 |
Isolation Heterogeneity and FitforPurpose Potency | 88 |
A Protocol for Improved Precision and Increased Confidence in Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis Concentration Measurements between 50 and 120 n... | 101 |
Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease Chances and Risks | 108 |
Back Cover | 117 |