Organizational Stress: A Review and Critique of Theory, Research, and ApplicationsThis book examines stress in organizational contexts. The authors review the sources and outcomes of job-related stress, the methods used to assess levels and consequences of occupational stress, along with the strategies that might be used by individuals and organizations to confront stress and its associated problems. One chapter is devoted to examining an extreme form of occupational stress--burnout, which has been found to have severe consequences for individuals and their organizations. The book closes with a discussion of scenarios for jobs and work in the new millennium, and the potential sources of stress that these scenarios may generate. |
Contents
What Is Stress? | 1 |
Overview of Stress Definitions | 2 |
ResponseBased Definitions of Stress | 4 |
StimulusBased Definitions of Stress | 8 |
Shortcomings of Response and Stimulus Definitions | 9 |
Stress as an Interaction | 11 |
Stress as a Transaction | 12 |
Theoretical Models of JobRelated Stress | 14 |
Conclusion | 151 |
Coping With Job Stress | 159 |
Definitions and the Research Context | 160 |
Applying the Transactional Model Within Work Settings | 162 |
Taxonomies of Coping | 165 |
Deductive Versus Inductive Approaches | 166 |
The Role of Coping | 169 |
Assessment and Analysis of Coping | 171 |
ThirdWave Epidemic or Scapegoat? | 20 |
Emerging Themes in Stress Research | 21 |
JobRelated Sources of Strain | 27 |
Intrinsic Job Characteristics | 29 |
Organizational Roles | 37 |
Work Relationships | 41 |
Career Development | 43 |
Organizational Factors | 47 |
The HomeWork Interface | 49 |
Conclusion | 52 |
Assessing JobRelated Strains | 61 |
What About Emotions? | 70 |
Conclusion | 72 |
A Special Form of Strain JobRelated Burnout | 79 |
Definition | 81 |
The Development of Burnout | 85 |
Measurement of Burnout | 94 |
Correlates of Burnout | 99 |
Generalization of Burnout | 108 |
Conclusion | 110 |
Moderators of StressorStrain Relationships | 117 |
PersonalityDispositional Moderators | 118 |
Perceived Control Over the Environment | 134 |
Effects of Social Support on StressorStrain Relationships | 140 |
Refining SelfReport Measures of Coping | 173 |
Analysis of Coping Responses | 178 |
Classification of Coping Strategies | 180 |
Coping Effectiveness | 181 |
Conclusion | 183 |
Organizational 1nterventions | 187 |
A Conceptual Framework for Stress Management Interventions | 188 |
Research on Stress Management Interventions | 193 |
Problems in Evaluating Intervention Effectiveness | 197 |
Guidelines for Evaluation Research | 201 |
Guidelines for 1mplementing SMIs | 205 |
Methodological 1ssues in Job Stress Research | 211 |
Methodological Approaches in Stress Research | 213 |
Where Do We Go From Here? | 218 |
Refining Measures of Stressors Strains and Coping | 220 |
Conclusion | 229 |
The Changing Nature of Work Implications for Stress Research | 233 |
New Forms of Work Arrangements | 237 |
Potential Effects of the New Work Arrangements | 239 |
Agendas for Job Stress Research | 246 |
Some Implications for Methodology | 248 |
255 | |
About the Authors | 269 |
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Common terms and phrases
Academy of Management American Psychological Association Applied Psychology appraisal approach assessment Beehr buffering Burke burnout Byosiere career Chapter conceptual construct context coping behaviors coping strategies depersonalization Dewe emotional exhaustion employees encounter environment evaluation experience explore factor analysis factors Folkman function Ganster Golembiewski groups Health Psychology identified impact individuals interaction interventions investigation issues job demands job satisfaction job stress research job-related strain Journal of Applied Journal of Occupational Journal of Organizational Kahn Karasek's Lazarus Leiter levels Maslach measures methodologies model of stress moderating effects negative occupational stress Organizational Behavior Organizational Psychology organizations outcomes perceived personal accomplishment perspective physiological potential psychological strain qualitative responses role ambiguity role conflict Schaubroeck Schaufeli score self-efficacy self-report significant Social Psychology social support specific stress management stress process stress-coping process stressor-strain relationships stressors and strains studies suggested theory tion transactional variables well-being work-family conflict workers workplace