Regulation of Endurance Performance: New FrontiersAlexis R. Mauger, Florentina J. Hettinga, Dominic P. Micklewright, Andrew Renfree, Benjamin Pageaux, Hollie S. Jones, Jo Corbett Frontiers Media SA, Nov 22, 2017 Successful endurance performance requires the integration of multiple physiological and psychological systems, working together to regulate exercise intensity in a way that will reduce time taken or increase work done. The systems that ultimately limit performance of the task are hotly contested, and may depend on a variety of factors including the type of task, the environment, external influences, training status of the individual and a host of psychological constructs. These factors can be studied in isolation, or inclusively as a whole-body or integrative system. A reductionist approach has traditionally been favoured, leading to a greater understanding and emphasis on muscle and cardiovascular physiology, but the role of the brain and how this integrates multiple systems is gaining momentum. However, these differing approaches may have led to false dichotomy, and now with better understanding of both fields, there is a need to bring these perspectives together. The divergent viewpoints of the limitations to human performance may have partly arisen because of the different exercise models studied. These can broadly be defined as open loop (where a fixed intensity is maintained until task disengagement), or closed loop (where a fixed distance is completed in the fastest time), which may involve whole-body or single-limb exercise. Closed loop exercise allows an analysis of how exercise intensity is self-regulated (i.e. pacing), and thus may better reflect the demands of competitive endurance performance. However, whilst this model can monitor changes in pacing, this is often at the expense of detecting subtle differences in the measured physiological or psychological variables of interest. Open loop exercise solves this issue, but is limited by its more restrictive exercise model. Nonetheless, much can be learnt from both experimental approaches when these constraints are recognised. Indeed, both models appear equally effective in examining changes in performance, and so the researcher should select the exercise model which can most appropriately test the study hypothesis. Given that a multitude of both internal (e.g. muscle fatigue, perception of effort, dietary intervention, pain etc.) and external (e.g. opponents, crowd presence, course topography, extrinsic reward etc.) factors likely contribute to exercise regulation and endurance performance, it may be that both models are required to gain a comprehensive understanding. Consequently, this research topic seeks to bring together papers on endurance performance from a variety of paradigms and exercise models, with the overarching aim of comparing, examining and integrating their findings to better understand how exercise is regulated and how this may (or may not) limit performance. |
Contents
Regulation of Endurance Performance New Frontiers | 7 |
Effect of Exercise Duration and Recovery Type | 11 |
No Critical Peripheral Fatigue Threshold during Intermittent Isometric Time to Task Failure Test with the Knee Extensors | 20 |
Are There Critical Fatigue Thresholds? Aggregated vs Individual Data | 30 |
Differences in Muscle Oxygenation Perceived Fatigue and Recovery between LongTrack and ShortTrack Speed Skating | 36 |
Fatigue Induced by Physical and Mental Exertion Increases Perception of Effort and Impairs Subsequent Endurance Performance | 50 |
No Influence of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on ExerciseInduced Pain and 5Km Cycling TimeTrial Performance | 59 |
Cerebral Regulation in Different Maximal Aerobic Exercise Modes | 72 |
Passion and Pacing in Endurance Performance | 131 |
The Influence of MidEvent Deception on Psychophysiological Status and Pacing Can Persist across Consecutive Disciplines and Enhance Selfpaced ... | 137 |
Deceptive Manipulation of Competitive Starting Strategies Influences Subsequent Pacing Physiological Status and Perceptual Responses during Cycli... | 154 |
Improvements in Cycling Time Trial Performance Are Not Sustained Following the Acute Provision of Challenging and Deceptive Feedback | 163 |
Affordance Competition and the Regulation of Exercise Intensity in HeadtoHead Competition | 172 |
The Manipulation of Pace within Endurance Sport | 179 |
Effects on Pacing and Performance | 187 |
A MetaAnalysis | 196 |
The Ergogenic Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Exercise Performance | 83 |
The Effects of a 7 Week Training Intervention in Ablebodied Men | 90 |
Short and Long Term Effects of HighIntensity Interval Training on Hormones Metabolites Antioxidant System Glycogen Concentration and Aerobic... | 99 |
Acclimation Training Improves Endurance Cycling Performance in the Heat without Inducing Endotoxemia | 109 |
Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training on Endurance Performance | 118 |
Master Athletes Are Extending the Limits of Human Endurance | 123 |
Regulation of Exercise Intensity Is Related to Cognitive Ability | 220 |
A Cognitive Perspective on SelfRegulation during Endurance Performance | 230 |
Cognitive Fatigue Influences TimeOnTask during Bodyweight Resistance Training Exercise | 237 |
Back Cover | 247 |