The Metabolic-Inflammatory Axis in Brain Aging and NeurodegenerationFei Yin, Jia Yao, Roberta Diaz Brinton, Enrique Cadenas Frontiers Media SA, Aug 16, 2017 Impairment of energy metabolism is a hallmark of brain aging and several neurodegenerative diseases, such as the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Age- and disease-related hypometabolism is commonly associated with oxidative stress and they are both regarded as major contributors to the decline in synaptic plasticity and cognition. Neuroinflammatory changes, entailing microglial activation and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines, also correlate with age-related cognitive decline. It is still under debate whether the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced metabolic deficits or the microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation is the initiator of the cognitive changes in aging and AD. Nevertheless, multiple lines of evidence support the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation exacerbate each other, and these mechanistic diversities have cellular redox dysregulation as a common denominator. This research topic focuses on the role of a metabolic-inflammatory axis encompassing the bioenergetic activity, brain inflammatory responses and their redox regulation in healthy brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Dynamic interactions among these systems are reviewed in terms of their causative or in-tandem occurrence and how the systemic environment, –e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, and systemic inflammation–, impacts on brain function. |
Contents
The MetabolicInflammatory Axis in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration | 5 |
Neurovascular and neurometabolic derailment in aging and Alzheimers disease | 8 |
relevance for neurodegeneration and aging | 16 |
Mitochondrial Haplotype APOE Genotype and Chromosomal Sex | 21 |
Implications of mitochondrial dynamics on neurodegeneration and on hypothalamic dysfunction | 35 |
Microglial cell dysregulation in brain aging and neurodegeneration | 52 |
Oxidized cholesterol as the driving force behind the development of Alzheimers disease | 73 |
Brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation at the basis of cognitive impairment in Alzheimers disease | 94 |
interactive risk factors for Alzheimers disease | 102 |
Creactive protein advanced glycation end products and their receptor in type 2 diabetic elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment | 116 |
Astrocytic estrogen receptors and impaired neurotrophic responses in a rat model of perimenopause | 125 |
Interaction of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons with the glucocorticoid system in stress regulation and cognitive impairment | 131 |
Hematopoietic cytokines as therapeutic players in early stages Parkinsons disease | 142 |
Protective effects of ginseng on neurological disorders | 147 |
Back Cover | 160 |