3-D Seismic InterpretationTopics covered include basic structural interpretation and map-making; the used of 3-D visualisation methods, interpretation of seismic amplitudes, including their relation to rock and fluid properties; and the generation and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets. Also included is the increasingly important field of time-lapse seismic mapping, which allows the interpreter to trace the movement of fluids within the reservoir during production. The discussion of the acquisition and processing of 3-D seismic data is intended to promote an understanding of important data quality issues. Extensive mathematics has been avoided, but enough detail is included on the effects of changing rock and fluid properties to allow readers to make their own calculations. |
Contents
Reference | 179 |
Workstation issues | 193 |
Recent developments | 209 |
Elastic impedance inversion | 216 |
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Common terms and phrases
3-D data 3-D seismic 3-D survey acoustic impedance acquisition amplitude autotracker benefit boat brine bulk modulus cables calculated chapter CMP gather correct dataset deconvolution defined density depth depth conversion difficult display drilled effects elastic impedance example fault final first flat flow fluid fill frequencies geological geophone Geophysics grid hydrocarbon incidence angle instantaneous phase interface interpretation interval inversion layer Leading Edge lines lithology loop map view marine migration moveout multiples noise North Sea offset P-wave porosity possible pre-stack predict pressure processing reflection coefficient reflector reservoir result rock sand seismic data seismic section seismic survey seismic trace seismic velocity seismogram shale shear shear modulus shot shown in fig shows signal significant sonic log source and receiver source—receiver stratigraphic structure subsurface surface synthetic thickness time-lapse travel-time values vertical wave wavelet zero-offset zero-phase Zoeppritz equations zone