Lisbon: War in the Shadows of the City of Light, 1939-1945Lisbon had a pivotal role in the history of World War II, though not a gun was fired there. The only European city in which both the Allies and the Axis power operated openly, it was temporary home to much of Europe’s exiled royalty, over one million refugees seeking passage to the U.S., and a host of spies, secret police, captains of industry, bankers, prominent Jews, writers and artists, escaped POWs, and black marketeers. An operations officer writing in 1944 described the daily scene at Lisbon’s airport as being like the movie “Casablanca,” times twenty. In this riveting narrative, renowned historian Neill Lochery draws on his relationships with high-level Portuguese contacts, access to records recently uncovered from Portuguese secret police and banking archives, and other unpublished documents to offer a revelatory portrait of the War’s back stage. And he tells the story of how Portugal, a relatively poor European country trying frantically to remain neutral amidst extraordinary pressures, survived the war not only physically intact but significantly wealthier. The country’s emergence as a prosperous European Union nation would be financed in part, it turns out, by a cache of Nazi gold. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Sitting Out the | 9 |
The Most Beautiful Dictator | 14 |
Preparing for the Worst | 20 |
Mixed Messages | 26 |
Forget About Your Troubles | 32 |
Wartime Refugees | 38 |
Retired Outcast | 45 |
26 | 152 |
32 | 153 |
Death of a Hollywood Star | 155 |
Ancient Alliance | 169 |
A Painful Set ofNegotiations | 183 |
Nazi Gold | 196 |
38 | 201 |
Safehaven and War Criminals | 210 |
The Jewish Question | 51 |
On the | 61 |
Operation Willi | 69 |
The Portuguese Banker | 77 |
Spanish Connections | 85 |
Secret Jewish Rescue Lists Double Dealing | 108 |
Under Pressure | 118 |
Shocked to Discover That Spying Is Going | 125 |
The Dossier | 142 |
9 | 143 |
Agents and Double Agents | 148 |
14 | 150 |
20 | 151 |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
agents Allies ambassador American April Archives argued Aristides de Sousa arrived Arthur Koestler August Axis powers Azores Bank of Portugal Beevor Berlin Britain British embassy British Foreign Policy cafés Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Campbell to Foreign Cascais Chapter Churchill Churchill’s David Eccles Diário de Salazar diplomatic Duchess of Windsor Duke of Palmela Duke of Windsor duke’s Embassy in Lisbon Estado Novo Estoril Europe Foreign Office France German Hotel Howard Hoyningen-Huene important informed intelligence issue Jewish refugees Jews July June Letters of Sybil London Lourenço Madrid March military minister Ministry Monteiro Nazi Gold negotiations neutrality November October Operation Pensamento e Doutrina political Portugal’s Portuguese banks propaganda PVDE Records regime Ricardo Espírito Santo role Ronald Campbell Roosevelt Rossio Safe Hand Safehaven Salazar secret police Selby September Sousa Mendes Spain Spanish Sybil and David tuguese U.S. Embassy visas Wilfrid Israel wolfram World World War II