Ancient Prophecy: Near Eastern, Biblical, and Greek PerspectivesThis is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Ancient Prophecy: Near Eastern, Biblical, and Greek Perspectives is the first monograph-length comparative study on prophetic divination in ancient Near Eastern, biblical, and Greek sources. Prophecy is one of the ways humans have believed to become conversant with what is believed to be superhuman knowledge. The prophetic process of communication involves the prophet, her/his audience, and the deity from whom the message allegedly comes from. Martti Nissinen introduces a wealth of ancient sources documenting the prophetic phenomenon around the ancient Eastern Mediterranean, whether cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, the Hebrew Bible, Greek inscriptions, or ancient historians. Nissinen provides an up-to-date presentation of textual sources, the number of which has increased substantially in recent times. In addition, the study includes four analytical comparative chapters. The first demonstrates the altered state of consciousness to be one of the central characteristics of the prophets' public behavior. The second discusses the prophets' affiliation with temples, which are the typical venues of the prophetic performance. The third delves into the relationship between prophets and kings, which can be both critical and supportive. The fourth shows gender-inclusiveness to be one of the peculiar features of the prophetic agency, which could be executed by women, men, and genderless persons as well. The ways prophetic divination manifests itself in ancient sources depend not only on the socio-religious position of the prophets in a given society, but also on the genre and purpose of the sources. Nissinen contends that, even though the view of the ancient prophetic landscape is restricted by the fragmentary and secondary nature of the sources, it is possible to reconstruct essential features of prophetic divination at the socio-religious roots of the Western civilization. |
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according Adad ancient Eastern Mediterranean ancient Near East ancient Near Eastern Annunitum āpilum Arbela archives assinnu Assurbanipal Assyrian biblical prophets century BCE Charpin chresmologues Claros consulted context cultic Dagan Deir Alla deity Delphi Delphic oracle Didyma divinatory divine knowledge divine messages divine words documents Dodona Durand ecstatic Esarhaddon Esarhaddon SAA Ešnunna evidence extispicy female prophets Fontenrose 1978 function gender genre goddess gods Greek sources Hebrew Bible Herodotus historical inscriptions inspired interpretation Israel Ištar Ištar of Arbela Judah king king’s kingship letter lexical lists lines literary lord M. A. Flower mahhû male prophet Marduk Mari mentioned Mesopotamian muhhûm narrative Neo-Assyrian Nissinen Old Babylonian oracle report Parpola person Plutarch Pongratz-Leisten priest prophecy prophētēs prophetess prophetic books prophetic divination prophetic oracles prophetic performance Pythia refer reports ritual role royal Šamaš sanctuary scribal scribes seer Stökl tablets technical divination textual tradition Uruk Weippert writing Zimri-Lim Zimri-Lim ARM 26