A Grammar of AfrikaansThe series builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word list and other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special attention is paid to hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality. |
Contents
816 The infinitive | 272 |
817 The present participle | 281 |
818 Irregular past participles | 282 |
820 Reflexive verbs | 290 |
821 Order of verbs | 297 |
9 Conjunctions | 300 |
92 Adverbial conjunctions | 302 |
93 Correlative conjunctions | 303 |
| 25 | |
| 26 | |
2 Spelling | 36 |
22 The Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls | 37 |
23 Syllabification | 39 |
24 Spelling changes in derived forms | 40 |
25 The use of diacritic marks in Afrikaans orthography | 43 |
26 Use of the apostrophe | 47 |
27 Use of the hyphen | 48 |
28 Capital letters | 51 |
29 Spelling of loanwords | 52 |
210 Punctuation | 54 |
3 Articles | 56 |
32 The indefinite article | 65 |
4 Nouns | 69 |
42 Diminutisation of nouns | 87 |
43 Feminising endings | 96 |
44 Possession | 98 |
45 Proper nouns | 101 |
46 Nominalisation of adjectives | 122 |
5 Pronouns | 123 |
52 Demonstrative pronouns | 142 |
53 Relative pronouns | 145 |
54 Reflexive pronouns | 151 |
57 Interrogative pronouns | 162 |
6 Adjectives | 163 |
62 Adjectives that dont take e | 167 |
63 Nominalised adjectives | 170 |
64 Adjectives derived from past participles | 171 |
65 Adjectival inflection in s | 175 |
67 The superlative of the adjective | 177 |
68 Adjectival intensifiers | 180 |
69 Formation of adjectives | 182 |
611 Adjectives followed by a fixed preposition | 184 |
612 Prenominal adjectival phrases | 188 |
7 Adverbs | 191 |
72 Adverbs of degree that qualify adjectives | 194 |
73 Adverbs of time | 198 |
74 Adverbs of manner | 208 |
76 Adverbial use of prepositions | 211 |
77 Adverbs of modality | 213 |
78 Conjunctional adverbs | 215 |
79 Interrogative adverbs | 216 |
8 Verbs | 217 |
82 Alternative forms of the stem of a verb | 218 |
83 Progressive or continuous constructions | 220 |
84 Vestiges of the imperfect | 222 |
85 The perfect tense | 223 |
86 The historic present | 228 |
87 The pluperfect | 231 |
88 The conditional tense | 234 |
810 The future and future perfect tenses | 235 |
811 Wees to be | 236 |
812 He to have | 239 |
813 Modal auxiliary verbs | 240 |
814 The passive voice | 257 |
815 Separable and inseparable verbs | 262 |
94 Subordinating conjunctions | 305 |
95 Interrogatives | 319 |
96 Conjunctions which introduce infinitive clauses | 320 |
10 Interrogatives | 322 |
101 Word order in interrogative clauses | 327 |
102 Interrogatives in infinitive clauses | 328 |
11 Prepositions | 330 |
112 Prepositional stranding | 345 |
114 Compound prepositions in kant | 347 |
116 Assimilation of the definite article to a preceding preposition | 348 |
119 Insertion of prepositions where none is required in English | 351 |
1111 Double prepositions | 353 |
1112 Circumpositioned prepositions in prepositional phrases | 354 |
1113 Prepositional phrases | 359 |
1114 Adverbial qualifiers of prepositions | 360 |
1115 Prepositional phrases consisting of with + noun + itthem | 361 |
12 Word order | 362 |
122 Nominal and adjectivaladverbial adjuncts that can behave like separable prefixes | 381 |
123 Order of objects adjectives and adverbs qualifying verbs in the continuous constructions formed from lê loop sit and staan | 385 |
124 Position of nominal and pronominal direct and indirect objects | 387 |
125 Position of reflexive pronouns | 388 |
126 Position of adverbs | 390 |
127 Placing of various parts of speech at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis | 393 |
128 Prepositional stranding | 394 |
129 Position in an infinitive clause of a preposition dependent on a predicative adjective or verb | 398 |
1210 Position of adjectives that take a fixed preposition | 399 |
1212 Idiomatic expressions consisting of two elements with the reverse order to English | 400 |
13 Negation | 401 |
133 Use of the scope marker with the negators geengn no not any nêrens nowhere niemand noone niks nothing nooit never | 408 |
134 Position of the negator | 410 |
135 Geengn no not a not any | 413 |
136 Me eenseers not even nooit eenseers never even | 414 |
139 Eers not until | 415 |
1311 Moeniemoet + nie in imperatives | 416 |
1312 Nie non + noun | 417 |
1315 Negation in rhetorical questions | 418 |
1317 Assimilation of nie to preceding consonants | 419 |
14 Numerals | 420 |
142 Ordinal numerals | 423 |
143 Fractions | 426 |
145 Telling the time | 427 |
146 Telephone numbers | 429 |
149 Currency and measurement | 430 |
1410 School marks | 434 |
15 Word formation | 435 |
152 Formation of nouns | 438 |
153 Formation of adjectives | 442 |
154 Formation of adverbs | 444 |
155 Formation of verbs | 446 |
156 Derivatives of numerals | 447 |
Texts | 451 |
Letter writing | 470 |
Greetings apologies swearing etc | 472 |
Glossary | 479 |
| 483 | |
| 491 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adjectival adjectives adverbial expressions adverbs Afrikaans apocopated baie bietjie boek Cape Town colloquial common commonly compound conjunction consonant constructions copula daar daardie definite article derived deur dié diminutised diminutive dink diphthong doen Dutch e.g. Ek e.g. Hy Ek weet English example finite verb gedoen gesien gewees going groot haar hierdie historically huis hulle hyphen iets infinitive inflected Johannesburg laat language loanwords long vowel maak maar main clause meaning meer mense modal modal verbs moes moet môre negator niks nooit Note object occurs omitted onder past participle past tense plural praat prefix prepositional stranding Pretoria pronounced reference reflexive reflexive pronoun relative clause rendered scope marker short vowel siek South Africa staan stand stress subordinate clause syllable synonymous twee usually vandag waar wees werk word order written