Advanced Flame Retardant MaterialsFouad Laoutid Recent disasters caused by the spread of fire in buildings and in transportations remind us of the importance of fire protection. Using flame-retardant materials is one important element of the firefighting strategy, which aims to prevent fire development and propagation. These materials are used in different applications, such as in textiles, coatings, foams, furniture, and cables. The development of more efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retardant additives is an active multidisciplinary approach that has attracted a great deal of interest. Studies have aimed at the development of new, sustainable, and flame-retardant additives/materials, providing high performance and low toxicity. Also studied were their properties during ageing and recycling, as well as modeling physical and chemical processes occuring before ignition and during their combustion. The development of sustainable flame retardants and understanding their modes of action provide a strong link between these topics and cover many fields from organic chemistry, materials engineering, and toxicology, to physics and mathematics. |
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according acid added addition aluminum diethylphosphinate amount analysis application authors behavior blends calculated carbon char chemical clay combination combustion compared composites cone calorimeter containing contributions corresponding cotton fabrics CrossRef curves decomposition decreased degradation dielectric dispersion effect electron fibres Figure fire flame retardant flammability flow formation formed formulations fracture function further groups higher ignition improved incorporation increased interaction layer lignin limited loading loss lower mass materials matrix measured mechanical properties melamine melt modified morphology nanocomposites nanoparticles natural nitrogen novolac observed obtained oxygen particles peak performed phase phenolic resin phosphorus pHRR polymers prepared present properties pure range reduced reference residue respectively samples shown shows silica similar SiO2 step structure studied surface synergistic Table temperature thermal degradation thermal stability values vertical weight