Suburban Police Departments: Too Many and Too Small?

agencies analysis associated Bahl better capita costs capita expenditures center city central city citizens communities comparative conclude Confidence Consequently consistent consolidation controlled correlation County Crime criminal Economics effects efficiency empirical evaluations evidence examined exist expenditures for police Feelings of Safety findings fragmentation Given Government Grand Rapids Hawkins & Dye higher hypothesis included incorporated suburbs increase independent Indiana University Indianapolis indicators larger law enforcement living located lower major Measures of Police metropolitan area multiplicity municipal negative neighborhoods number of police Ostrom patterns police departments serving police forces police jurisdictions police services population positively positively associated presented President's Commission problems providing providing police services questions range Rating regard relationship relative reported Research Respectfulness respondents living sample scale service levels serving shown significant similar smaller Social studies suburban police departments suburban residents suburban respondents survey Table Task Force theory Three units Urban utilized variables