Ecological Climatology: Concepts and ApplicationsThis book introduces an interdisciplinary framework to understand the interaction between terrestrial ecosystems and climate change. It reviews basic meteorological, hydrological and ecological concepts to examine the physical, chemical and biological processes by which terrestrial ecosystems affect and are affected by climate. The textbook is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying ecology, environmental science, atmospheric science and geography. The central argument is that terrestrial ecosystems become important determinants of climate through their cycling of energy, water, chemical elements and trace gases. This coupling between climate and vegetation is explored at spatial scales from plant cells to global vegetation geography and at timescales of near instantaneous to millennia. The text also considers how human alterations to land become important for climate change. This restructured edition, with updated science and references, chapter summaries and review questions, and over 400 illustrations, including many in colour, serves as an essential student guide. |
Contents
Preface | 1956 |
Components of the Earth system | 1986 |
l | |
Atmospheric radiation | |
Soil physics | |
Water balance | |
Watershed hydrology | |
Surface energy fluxes | |
Vegetation dynamics | |
Disturbances and landscapes | |
Land surface processes in climate models | |
Plant canopies | |
Soil biogeochemistry | |
Seasonaltointerannual variability | |
Land use and landcover change | |
Turbulent fluxes | |
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Common terms and phrases
air temperature albedo annual precipitation atmospheric C02 Biogeochemical Cycles biomass black spruce boreal forest boundary layer broadleaf canopy climate change climate models Climatology cold cool Data deciduous deciduous forest decreases density dynamics Earth’s Ecology ecosystem emission environment environmental equation evaporation evapotranspiration evergreen Figure flow foliage forest floor Geophysical Research global gradient grassland growth height Hubbard Brook humidity hydraulic hydraulic conductivity hydrologic cycle increases infiltration capacity Journal of Geophysical landscape latent heat flux latitudes leaf area index litter loam longwave radiation maximum Meteorology mineralization needleleaf net primary production nitrogen North nutrients occurs oceans photosynthesis pine plant potential primary production processes radiative rainfall regions resistance respiration runoff saturated season sensible heat sensible heat flux simulated slope soil moisture soil water solar radiation spatial species stomatal conductance summer surface temperature transpiration trees tropical typically uptake vegetation warm water content water vapor watershed weathering winter