Astrocytic-neuronal-astrocytic Pathway Selection for Formation and Degradation of Glutamate/GABALeif Hertz, Tiago B. Rodrigues Endocrinological research early recognized the importance of intercellular interactions and realized the importance of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. In turn this signalling depends on elaborate interactions between astrocytes and neurons, without which neurons would be unable to produce, reuse and metabolize transmitter glutamate and GABA. Details of these subjects are described in this Research Topic by key investigators in this field. It focuses on the intricate and extremely swift pathway producing these amino acid transmitters from glucose in brain but also discusses difficulties in determining expression of some of the necessary genes in astrocytes and related processes in pancreatic islets. However, it does not discuss how closely associated astrocytes and neurons are anatomically, enabling these interactions. This is elegantly shown in this cover image, kindly provided by Professor Andreas Reichenbach (University of Leipzig, Germany). |
Contents
Astrocyticneuronalastrocytic pathway selection for formation and degradation of glutamateGABA | 5 |
Glutamate and GABA in appetite regulation | 9 |
Astrocytic control of biosynthesis and turnover of the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA | 17 |
importance of late postnatal development and potential reciprocal interactions between biosynthesis and degradation | 28 |
Metabolic flux and compartmentation analysis in the brain in vivo | 44 |
De novo synthesis of glial glutamate and glutamine in young mice requires aspartate provided by the neuronal mitochondrial aspartateglutamate carri... | 62 |
Quantitative analysis of neurotransmitter pathways under steady state conditions a perspective | 66 |
GABA and glutamate uptake and metabolism in retinal glial Müller cells | 72 |
its cell type and vesicle localization | 102 |
Metabolic aspects of NeuronOligodendrocyteAstrocyte interactions | 107 |
Protein kinase C phosphorylates the system N glutamine transporter SN1 Slc38a3 and regulates its membrane trafficking and degradation | 112 |
The amino acid transporters of the glutamateGABA glutamine cycle and their impact on insulin and glucagon secretion | 119 |
Quantitative in silico analysis of neurotransmitter pathways under steady state conditions | 127 |
GABA and glutamate transporters in brain | 140 |
Inhibitors of glutamate dehydrogenase block sodiumdependent glutamate uptake in rat brain membranes | 154 |
Glutamate pays its own way in astrocytes | 163 |