The Kidney, Volume 1

acid acidosis action activity acute addition alterations amount appears arterial ascending limb associated bicarbonate blood flow body Ca++ calcium capillary cause cells cent changes chloride chronic citrate clearance Clin collecting duct concentration cortical decrease demonstrated descending determined difference disease distal distal tubule diuresis edema effect Equation evidence excretion factors Figure filtered filtration fluid fraction function glomerular glucose hormone important increase indicate infusion inhibition inner Invest kidney levels load loop measured mechanism medulla medullary membrane metabolism nephron normal observed occurs organic osmolality osmotic patients perfusion permeability phosphate Physiol physiological plasma possible potassium present pressure production protein proximal tubule reabsorption recent recta reduced regulation renal response role saline salt secretion segment shown sodium solute specific studies suggested tion tissue transport tubular urate urea urinary urine values vasopressin volume