Metal Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and ApplicationVictoria Samanidou, Eleni Deliyanni Metal–organic frameworks are among the most promising novel materials. The concept of MOFs was first introduced in 1990. They were actually initially used in catalysis, gas separation, membranes, electrochemical sensors. Later on, they were introduced as SPE sorbents for PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in environmental water samples, then the range expanded to the field of analytical chemistry, both in chromatographic separation and sample preparation, with great success in, e.g., SPE and SPME (Solid Phase Mico-extraction). Since then, the number of analytical applications implementing MOFs as sorbents in sorptive sample preparation approaches is increasing. Τhis is reinforced by the fact that, at least theoretically, an infinite number of structures can be designed and synthesized, thus making tuneability one of the most unique characteristics of MOF materials. Moreover, they have been designed in various shapes, such as columns, fibers, and films, so that they can meet more analytical challenges with improved analytical features.Their exceptional properties attracted the interest of analytical chemists who have taken advantage of the unique structures and properties and have already introduced them in several sample pretreatment techniques, such as solid phase extraction, dispersive SPE, magnetic solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, etc. |
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acid activated added addition adsorbent adsorption analysis analytes applications approach authors beads carbon Chem chemical chemistry Chen chromatography coating combined complex composite compounds coordination CrossRef crystalline crystals decrease derived desulfurization detection determination developed dispersive drug effect efficient elution emission enhanced extraction Figure Finally fish samples fluorescence followed formation fuel functionalization groups HKUST-1 increase interactions ligand limits linkers liquid magnetic material metal metal ions metal-organic frameworks method mixed mixture modified MOF material Molecules nanocomposite nanoparticles novel observed obtained organic organic frameworks oxide particles Pb(II performed phase polymer polymerization pore porosity porous preparation presented prior procedure properties PubMed range recoveries removal reported resulting sample preparation samples selective separation showed solid solid-phase extraction solution sorbent stability structure surface surface area synthesis techniques temperature values various volume Wang Zhang