Principles of Historical Linguistics

adpositions allophonic alternation analogical change articulation aspiration assimilation attested basic borrowing clause clitic cluster consonant contrast dental developments dialects dissimilation distinction earlier early effect Engl environment evidence examples fact final devoicing forms four-part analogy French fricatives grammar Greek Grimm's Law Hindi historical linguistics Indo-Aryan Indo-European Indo-European languages inflectional innovations isoglosses Koiné Kuryłowicz's labial languages Latin lexical items linguistic change loss medial Modern Moreover morphemes morphological morphophonemic motivated nasal native neogrammarians Note noun obstr obstruent Old English Old High German onomatopoeia palatalization passive pattern PGmc phonetic phonological pidgins plural possible pronoun pronunciation Proto-Indo-European reconstruction regular reinterpretation relationship relative result Romance rule Sanskrit segments semantic shift similar Slavic sociolinguistic sonorant sound change speakers speech structures suffix syllable synchronic syntactic change tend tendency tion velar verb Verner's Law vocabulary voiced voiceless stops vowels word-final words