Elementary Statistical Mechanics

angular momentum approximation atoms behaviour bonds bosons calculation cell centre chain charge chemical potential cluster condensed configurations consider constant corresponding crystal cubic Debye defined density depends determined distribution electrical electrons energy levels entropy expectation value expression factor Fermi Fermi sea fermions free energy frequency Gibbs Gibbs free energy given gives H₁ Helmholtz free energy ideal gas identical identical particles independent integral interaction internal energy ions kinetic lattice gas liquid low temperature magnetic mass molecular molecules motion N₁ nearest neighbours negative neutron nuclei obtained occupied oscillations p₁ parameter particles particular partition function physical systems positive potential energy pressure protons quantum quasi-chemical equation R₁ result rotation set of probabilities situation solution specific heat spin statistical mechanics structure theory thermal equilibrium thermodynamic thermodynamic equilibrium tion total number vapour vibration volume wave function zero